176 lines
19 KiB
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176 lines
19 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.8.117735" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0730-1-65" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F2EBA604A9625D10BE246A37D51D1264" ID-ZooBank="6B534FD5542C463687D11738CE33D9F8" ModsDocID="2535-0730-8-1-65" checkinTime="1711447212876" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Matenaar, Daniela" docDate="2024" docId="FAE1C7541CCC5F2D9776C2AB9377D5C7" docLanguage="en" docName="EvolutSyst 8(1): 65-90" docOrigin="Evolutionary Systematics 8 (1)" docPubDate="2024-03-25" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.8.117735" docTitle="Betiscoides Sjoestedt 1924" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="F2EBA604A9625D10BE246A37D51D1264" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="F2EBA604A9625D10BE246A37D51D1264" masterDocTitle="Application of extended depth of field 3 D imagery to tackle the challenges of cryptic species: a use case in the genus Betiscoides Sjoestedt, 1924 (Orthoptera, Caelifera, Lentulidae) and its taxonomic implications" masterLastPageNumber="90" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1711447212876" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo id="7205D60C26D36A7EC90D76C1A5C910E6">
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<mods:title id="3DD77C99688DF0645BA508C85E88A05B">Application of extended depth of field 3 D imagery to tackle the challenges of cryptic species: a use case in the genus Betiscoides Sjoestedt, 1924 (Orthoptera, Caelifera, Lentulidae) and its taxonomic implications</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="FC39DFE758B7693F8BBEA6B84F4534B3">Matenaar, Daniela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DEFB36494A4A250A3F26F54436E5E540">Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt (HLMD), Friedensplatz 1, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F2D62717ABDEAACC7E776E1BD0A0F0FB" type="email">daniela.matenaar@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="ECCCC660A4B9B5775F95AB5A6CB0A445">Evolutionary Systematics</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9B348D76219497B94DDDDFC64616330A">
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<mods:date id="F58E162F410A4FA510EF4E3706E8BB8C">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5ECAB97BE9EAEE7C707DADC0475F431E">2024-03-25</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4BAF8E79F15C28DA160BFEF48895BA5F">8</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="58A2A08A01DA8A05C04051B4BD226341">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="FDB073A81827D10C3EDD42C3F50766C3">65</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="1BADFBEB9208237CFDEA577144650682">90</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="3CF26D46DFDBFA4C576F560573BA9C5B">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.8.117735</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="2E01CAF85BCC5E5D9DAB98974147AAD3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4A636954146DC410AAB92C281C160AEE" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.8.117735</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FAE1C7541CCC5F2D9776C2AB9377D5C7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FAE1C7541CCC5F2D9776C2AB9377D5C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FAE1C7541CCC5F2D9776C2AB9377D5C7" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<subSubSection id="9B2C450564A3603CA94E2E006214CAB2" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="24CD87D726C9D4D953BD54C89141924D" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="AE98E14A87380778EB18452A31904770" ID-CoL="8NN93" LSID="FAE1C754-1CCC-5F2D-9776-C2AB9377D5C7" authority="Sjoestedt, 1924" authorityName="Sjoestedt" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Lentulidae" genus="Betiscoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Betiscoides" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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Betiscoides
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<normalizedToken id="232776B2436FA47FF512293F10952CCC" originalValue="Sjöstedt">Sjoestedt</normalizedToken>
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, 1924
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FEC628DA223BF0F4D70C9B4AD40C701" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="759DE8A5B4608D378CE4CB1A1680A3F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D0615301AA07D670CE9CA0E05D45500F" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="239665C4D5E8A2E42A111D3959DB9263" authorityName="Sjoestedt" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Lentulidae" genus="Betiscoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Betiscoides" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B8A49D7FACA4A32D381CBF3BE7D2199C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Betiscoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="F4E4C6CDDCF60243664E7866CA769B8D" originalValue="Sjöstedt">Sjoestedt</normalizedToken>
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, 1924 was described by
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<bibRefCitation id="D83169676D63C6DE40F41A3E6A78FB42" author="Sjoestedt, Y" journalOrPublisher="Organisms Diversity & Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refId="B32" refString="Sjoestedt, Y, 1924. [1923] West- und Suedafrikanische Acridiodeen. Arkiv foer Zoologi 15(22): 1-21 [1922-1924]." title="[1923] West- und Suedafrikanische Acridiodeen. Arkiv foer Zoologi 15 (22): 1 - 21 [1922 - 1924]." year="1924">
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<normalizedToken id="E3378F059BE787BE5C02F444F580421D" originalValue="Sjöstedt">Sjoestedt</normalizedToken>
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(1924)
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</bibRefCitation>
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and revised by
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<bibRefCitation id="96D136A0DBB8C1F10483B427CD0E0765" author="Key, KHL" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="135 - 167" refId="B14" refString="Key, KHL, 1937. New Acridiidae from South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 32: 135 - 167" title="New Acridiidae from South Africa." volume="32" year="1937">Key (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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. Further descriptions of the morphological characters of
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<taxonomicName id="DB6F00ED324ACA5394C6534300867CBB" authorityName="Sjoestedt" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Lentulidae" genus="Betiscoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Betiscoides" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="795F7CDD0AFBF81AAF7340CB2DF0A618" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Betiscoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with altered terminology followed (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation id="76A558575089EE54FCC7632FA14E33E6" author="Dirsh, VM" journalOrPublisher="Series B, Biological sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" refId="B4" refString="Dirsh, VM, 1965. The African Genera of Acridoidea. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press." title="The African Genera of Acridoidea. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press." year="1965">Dirsh 1965</bibRefCitation>
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) and considering the new findings of this study, it is reasonable to provide a revised definition of the genus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="519C6D0D939A77BD745F6974A3A3CCFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" type="definition">
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<paragraph id="0037A98F5296DE022D271C20877C011F" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Definition.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0A8392C3065C93125298179651851751" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="6F7CB50EC2BA7CE22BC9001FE3E05D91" authorityName="Sjoestedt" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Lentulidae" genus="Betiscoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Betiscoides meridionalis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
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<emphasis id="8277555EFC00A9C1B06674B90F2BEC84" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Betiscoides meridionalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="5D19B72E9573AD6A3988F36651C930DD" originalValue="Sjöstedt">Sjoestedt</normalizedToken>
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, 1924, type locality: South Africa. Body slender or thin, elongate, stick-like, smooth or hairy, with a prominent ventral line of hairs along the abdomen or at the end of tergits five to eight. Antennae thin or thick ensiform, segments strongly separated, finely and evenly rugose. Head in dorsal view conical. Frontal ridge compressed between antennae. Eye longitudinal or ovate and prominent. Pronotum cylindrical, with very weak or no median carina. Prosternal process trapezoid, T-shape, or lamelliformly compressed, laterally either flat or raised in the anterior or posterior part. Mesosternal interspace reduced, mesosternal lobes connected. Abdomen with fine longitudinal, dorsal median carina. Tympanum absent. Anterior and middle legs short; sometimes hairy, hind femur slender. External apical spine present. Tarsus shorter or half the length of the tibia. Arolium large, sometimes white. Male supra-anal plate triangular in dorsal view. Cerci very small, straight and conical. Subgenital plate elongate and conical. Female ovipositor valves slightly or strongly recurved at the tips; not toothed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="67A8E1B87CB4B37C2917F1CA8A90DFC4" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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A phylogenetic reconstruction revealed that the sister taxon of the genus
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<taxonomicName id="90CECCA2B7970375D6F8EAAE7BA6CDF1" authorityName="Sjoestedt" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Lentulidae" genus="Betiscoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Betiscoides" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E61089C43C714A5D71017EE37AE0E139" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Betiscoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is
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<taxonomicName id="56676FE51F52B57C94E6BB4975A970AC" authorityName="Karsch" authorityYear="1896" class="Insecta" family="Lentulidae" genus="Gymnidium" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gymnidium" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6C79091A46093E1E4BB8F71387FDF06C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Gymnidium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Karsch, 1896 (
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<bibRefCitation id="8896CF58B7711FFCEACB4445E1865458" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/s41065-015-0005-6" author="Matenaar, D" journalOrPublisher="Hereditas" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination=": 1" refId="B19" refString="Matenaar, D, Broeder, L, Hochkirch, A, 2016. A preliminary phylogeny of the South African Lentulidae. Hereditas 153 (1): 1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41065-015-0005-6" title="A preliminary phylogeny of the South African Lentulidae." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/s41065-015-0005-6" volume="153" year="2016">Matenaar et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
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). The genus
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<taxonomicName id="9E9AF2AB86D1B5C3EC131D9A68914545" authorityName="Sjoestedt" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Lentulidae" genus="Betiscoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Betiscoides" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="D6D8A25600556A0E9A44B4F77CCB9D97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Betiscoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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contains the following species:
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<taxonomicName id="2433BFC4A1FE84F9D6C33C98286A7FD1" authorityName="Sjoestedt" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Lentulidae" genus="Betiscoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Betiscoides meridionalis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
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<emphasis id="14A262231900EC5FE1847A53E665C064" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Betiscoides meridionalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken id="106DF63D3E5C86F852EB7AE96CE2EBA1" originalValue="Sjöstedt">Sjoestedt</normalizedToken>
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, 1924,
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<taxonomicName id="924E9CB0C1A28E50073D99E1A6A45B32" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. parva" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="parva">
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<emphasis id="AFB05A06113EA5C5387D2A8D61BA0FB8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">B. parva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Key, 1937,
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<taxonomicName id="790F87BCA13480BE5AAABA8CCAE24677" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. sjostedti" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="sjostedti">
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<emphasis id="BEF7BEEFF95143D22D5ED04BA2AAAC08" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">B. sjostedti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Key, 1937,
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<taxonomicName id="F5544A517220E0A56EE5A232446B671B" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. nova" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="nova">
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<emphasis id="FB551AFFA4759AC6831B1D88395035C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">B. nova</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. and
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<taxonomicName id="64C68D08526B0F9777A06B510BA7C273" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. muris" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="muris">
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<emphasis id="CCE5A3B0A2E0E1C0C4AE4CA945BFF402" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">B. muris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. While the description of
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<taxonomicName id="32A6B91182DAE4CEC65395559860A3C7" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. meridionalis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
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<emphasis id="D79140069DA5DDEEC8BE1F487006393D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">B. meridionalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="75A4D69E560D0AAB332F1FA76106176C" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. sjostedti" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="sjostedti">
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<emphasis id="38A4EBB34B9532CDF65B09FF092E3D49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">B. sjostedti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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remains valid concerning the hairiness of the body, the body and especially the end of the abdomen of
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<taxonomicName id="DEAEE85058A7A129E711F1B222F0FADE" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. parva" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="parva">
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<emphasis id="F55BF7437F215761CAAA0D33D540EC1F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">B. parva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is fairly hairy (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="1A76A547CD3BB0701F99BADAFE4629BD" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Overview of the nominal species of Betiscoides. A. B. sjostedti, HLMD-Cael- 382, B 21, DEL 8; B. B. parva, HLMD-Cael- 381, B 103, DEL 9, and C. B. meridionalis HLMD-Cael- 380, LB 11, DEL 3. Specimens were collected at or close to the respective type localities. Scale bars: 1 mm." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1009269" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">6</figureCitation>
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) and thus, its character description is hereby revised. In order to extend the definition for the three known nominal species considered by
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<bibRefCitation id="78C4439C326DA55E06740FF0739D21D9" author="Key, KHL" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the South African Museum" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" pagination="135 - 167" refId="B14" refString="Key, KHL, 1937. New Acridiidae from South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 32: 135 - 167" title="New Acridiidae from South Africa." volume="32" year="1937">Key (1937)</bibRefCitation>
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, I provide the following additional morphological characters analyzed in the specimens collected at, or very close to, the type localities of the nominal species: ratio of the eye length to the length of the fastigium, degree of the male subgenital plate, volume of the body and, volume of the visible part of the eye. In addition, I provide measurements of the "female genital characters" for
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<taxonomicName id="7C2E99DD854CA920780B12550E172F1A" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. meridionalis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
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<emphasis id="77B75F27215FF1C2A206C5A73848F0CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">B. meridionalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="68ADDB5C69F82FE1AE9FFF28A586771D" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1009269" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph id="84FDF57998521E25184A7C0DD210CA28" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">
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<emphasis id="8AE5E700F1C1D834722892FBDE5C8368" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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Overview of the nominal species of
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<taxonomicName id="A144C78D1E6ED299A0E5A2407C57E9D1" authorityName="Sjoestedt" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Lentulidae" genus="Betiscoides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Betiscoides" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6451C88DE80A0C922C5FAD6AB697CA45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">Betiscoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="DF735666FA8F0746FDD1635EB0940825" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">A.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="0AAA125D6F9287C07CAED603EAC63652" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. sjostedti" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="sjostedti">
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<emphasis id="BA7E2D0AA34A247DB671DA3A2601365E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">B. sjostedti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, HLMD-Cael-382, B21, DEL8;
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<emphasis id="81C7ECA7C5CC45E72FF7B3753FEC9888" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">B.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="F79B66C5D17D07F02547739B06A6A882" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. parva" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="parva">
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<emphasis id="CB442F0606770BE343C6D597FFF16F6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">B. parva</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, HLMD-Cael-381, B103, DEL 9, and
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|
<emphasis id="162F5F6DFD1418ABC1C82D0A11D82574" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">C.</emphasis>
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|
<taxonomicName id="88A84601854BBC41E67045AD2E7C32D7" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="B. meridionalis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="65" rank="species" species="meridionalis">
|
|
<emphasis id="92ABEBE07F29D97A8E41BE168DB4C049" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="65">B. meridionalis</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
HLMD-Cael-380, LB11, DEL 3. Specimens were collected at or close to the respective type localities. Scale bars: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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|
</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |