174 lines
19 KiB
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174 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4894" ID-PMC="PMC3689106" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-298-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5926FFEB7878FFCD16244219FFA9021F" ID-PubMed="23794883" ID-Zenodo-Dep="577552" ModsDocID="1313-2970-298-1" checkinTime="1451247317302" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Warren-Gash, Haydon, Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga, Dieuwko Knoop,, Oremans, Philippe & Safian, Szabolcs" docDate="2013" docId="FA8E7D120915563FA8F0668E17B89715" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 298: 1-37" docOrigin="ZooKeys 298" docPubDate="2013-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4894" docTitle="Euphaedra sarcoptera subsp. ferrea Pyrcz & Warren-Gash 2013, ssp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="5926FFEB7878FFCD16244219FFA9021F" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="5926FFEB7878FFCD16244219FFA9021F" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution pattern of the African rain forest butterfly genus Euphaedra Huebner sensu stricto with the description of three new subspecies of Euphaedra cyparissa (Cramer) and one of E. sarcoptera (Butler) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae, Adoliadini)" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1668155792272" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomy and distribution pattern of the African rain forest butterfly genus Euphaedra Huebner sensu stricto with the description of three new subspecies of Euphaedra cyparissa (Cramer) and one of E. sarcoptera (Butler) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Limenitidinae, Adoliadini)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pyrcz, Tomasz W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Museum of the Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30 - 060 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Warren-Gash, Haydon</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>98 Overstrand Mansions, Prince of Wales Drive, London SW 11 4 EU</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lorenc-Brudecka, Jadwiga</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Zoological Museum of the Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 6, 30 - 060 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Dieuwko Knoop,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Rijsberkamperweg 7, 8392 TP Boyl, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Oremans, Philippe</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>35, rue des Jacinthes, 6110 Montigny - le - Tilleul, Belgique</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Safian, Szabolcs</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Institute of Silviculture and Forest Protection, University of West Hungary, Sopron, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2013-05-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>298</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>37</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4894</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.298.4894</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-298-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">5926FFEB7878FFCD16244219FFA9021F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">577552</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182235546" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA8E7D120915563FA8F0668E17B89715" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA8E7D120915563FA8F0668E17B89715" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName LSID="FA8E7D12-0915-563F-A8F0-668E17B89715" authority="Pyrcz & Warren-Gash" authorityName="Pyrcz & Warren-Gash" authorityYear="2013" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Euphaedra sarcoptera subsp. ferrea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" status="ssp. n." subSpecies="ferrea">Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Pyrcz & Warren-Gash</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="18" pageNumber="19">ssp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Adults, males: A Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera male, Bibiani, Ghana (dorsum) B Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera, Bibiani, Ghana (venter) C Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, holotype (dorsum) D Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, holotype (venter) E Euphaedra sarcoptera styx, Tai, Ivory Coast (dosum) F Euphaedra sarcoptera styx, Tai, Ivory Coast (venter)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20994" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 5C, 5D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Adults, females: A Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera Nsukka, Nigeria (dorsum) B Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera Nsukka, Nigeria (venter) C Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, paratype (dorsum) D Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, paratype (venter) E Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Tai, Ivory Coast (dorsum) F Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Tai, Ivory Coast (venter)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20998" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">, 7C, 7D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male genitalia (in lateral view, aedeagus extracted): A Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera Bibiani, Ghana B Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo C Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Tai, Ivory Coast D Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo E Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea F Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21002" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">, 11E</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Female genitalia (in lateral view): A Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Kigoma, Tanzania B Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea C Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21003" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">, 12B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="type-locality">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Type-locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Mount Nimba, Guinea</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="material examined">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Holotype</emphasis>
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♂:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guinée">Guinee</normalizedToken>
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(Guinea), Mont Nimba, VI.1998, ex HWG, MZUJ; Paratypes (7 ♂and 4 ♀): 5 ♂and 1 ♀:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Guinée">Guinee</normalizedToken>
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, Mont Nimba, VI.1998; 1 ♀: same data but VI.2000, HWG; 2 ♂: same data but 02.V.1998, ex HWG; 1 ♀: same data but 02.V.1998, ex HWG, prep. genit. 01/09.11.2012, J. Lorenc, 1 ♀: Ivory Coast, Azagny N. P., 13.VIII.1999 (mislabeled), H. Warren-Gash leg., MZUJ.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Upperside ground colour golden yellow, same as in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, differing from the golden green of the nominate subspecies, pine green of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Larsen & Warren-Gash" authorityYear="2003" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="styx">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Euphaedra sarcoptera styx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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or apple green of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Hecq" authorityYear="1979" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="cyparissoides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Euphaedra sarcoptera cyparissoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, differing from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="" authorityYear="1965" baseAuthorityName="Carcasson" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Euphaedra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="sarcoptera" subSpecies="nipponicorum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, widely separated geographically,only in the narrower FWD subcapical elongated golden yellow patch.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Male</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Adults, males: A Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera male, Bibiani, Ghana (dorsum) B Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera, Bibiani, Ghana (venter) C Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, holotype (dorsum) D Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, holotype (venter) E Euphaedra sarcoptera styx, Tai, Ivory Coast (dosum) F Euphaedra sarcoptera styx, Tai, Ivory Coast (venter)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20994" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 5C, 5D</figureCitation>
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): Head, thorax and abdomen same as in the nominate subspecies. FW (length 38-40 mm, mean: 39 mm, n=6) with an elongated apical part, and gently convex outer margin; most of wing surface black, suffused with blue except for outer margin and apex, a black mid-discal cell black patch; golden green area from wing base to four-fifths of anal margin, covering most of discal cell; a large, elongated golden green subapical patch, extending from subcosta costa to vein Cu1, with the basal limit marked by an incision along vein M3, and a diffused outer edge, not reaching outer margin; fringes grey and black. HWD oval, compressed towards tornus, with a gently scalloped outer margin; golden green grey except for a black submarginal and marginal area, gradually narrowing from roughly 4 mm at apex towards tornus, where suffused with greenish blue scales; fringes grey and black. FWV pine green, lustrous, with a yellow overcast, except for the marginal area, more prominent in subapical area where forming a diffused elongated patch; basal to mid-cell area pink; a mid-cell bar, and a similar one along discal cell distal margin; four black, half-moon shaped patches along basally to the subapical yellow area, an elongated patch in mid cell Cu1-Cu2, and a series of submarginal patches, five smaller from costa to cell M3-Cu1 and two larger, oval, in Cu1-Cu2 and Cu2-1-2A. HWV golden yellow dusted with pine green along costa, with an elongated basal pink patch extending from costal margin to Rs to one-third costa, edged with black; six or seven median spots, four of which in discal cell, the one along costal margin considerably larger than the remainder; a row of eight large, roughly oval black submarginal patches; marginal area
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<pageBreakToken pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">pine</pageBreakToken>
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green and black.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Male genitalia</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Male genitalia (in lateral view, aedeagus extracted): A Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera Bibiani, Ghana B Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo C Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Tai, Ivory Coast D Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo E Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea F Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21002" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 11E</figureCitation>
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): Tegumen same length as uncus, with a flat dorsal surface; uncus stout, slightly arched, with a sharp tip pointing downwards, tegument and uncus approximately the same length as in the nominate subspecies; gnathos long, same length as uncus; pedunculus prominent; saccus flattened in lateral view; valvae with a smooth dorsal surface with an elongated distal extremity ending with a sharp tip, differing in this respect from the blunt valvae of the nominate subspecies and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">styx</emphasis>
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; aedeagus as long as valvae tubular and straight, with a sharp distal extremity, sensibly longer than in the nominate subspecies or
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">styx</emphasis>
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, and prominent cornuti.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Female</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Adults, females: A Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera Nsukka, Nigeria (dorsum) B Euphaedra sarcoptera sarcoptera Nsukka, Nigeria (venter) C Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, paratype (dorsum) D Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea, paratype (venter) E Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Tai, Ivory Coast (dorsum) F Euphaedra sarcoptera styx Tai, Ivory Coast (venter)." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/20998" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs 7C, 7D</figureCitation>
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): Head, thorax and abdomen abdomen same as in the nominotypical subspecies. Wings: FW (length 42-46 mm, n=3) with an elongated apical part, and gently convex outer margin; most of wing surface black; costa from base to
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<pageBreakToken pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">apex</pageBreakToken>
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dusted with dark blue; a golden yellow area from wing base to two-thirds of anal margin, covering lower half of discal cell; a prominent mid discal cell black round spot; a large, elongated golden yellow subapical patch, extending widely from subcosta costa to vein Cu1, with an irregular basal limit marked by an incision along vein M3, and a diffused outer limit, not reaching outer margin; fringes grey and black. HWD subtriangular with a gently scalloped outer margin; golden yellow, from Rs to costal margin dull brown; submarginal and marginal area black with a strong blue sheen, gradually narrowing from costa, where some 4 mm wide, to tornus, where blue takes over black; fringes grey and black. FWV green yellow, except for basal one-third where free of green and in subapical area where forming a large, diffuse patch; basal to median area purple; a series of black patches, a small rounded postbasal spot, a wide mid cell bar, a similar bar along discal cell distal margin, four patches along basal limit of a dif
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<pageBreakToken pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">fused</pageBreakToken>
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subapical light yellow area, two outer triangular, two central rectangular, a large irregularly shaped patch in mid cell Cu1-Cu2, and a series of submarginal patches, five smaller from costa to cell M3-Cu1 and two larger, one rounded and one oval, in Cu1-Cu2 and Cu2-1-2A. HWV golden yellow, with an elongated basal purple patch extending from costal margin to Rs to one-fourth costa, edged with black; six black median spots, three of which in discal cell, and a row of eight large, roughly oval black submarginal patches; marginal area darker bottle green and black.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Female genitalia</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Female genitalia (in lateral view): A Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Kigoma, Tanzania B Euphaedra sarcoptera ferrea Mont Nimba, Guinea C Euphaedra sarcoptera nipponicorum Mbandaka, Congo." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/21003" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
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): Bursa copulatrix very large, larger than the rest of genital body, oval, no signa; ductus bursae narrow, gradually widening towards the opening of bursa, one-third the length of bursa; colliculum narrow, slat like with folded edges,, one-third the length of ductus bursae; ductus seminalis joins the colliculum at the entrance of ductus bursae; lamella postvaginalis very small, slat-like; papillae anales three times as long as wide in lateral view, compressed in ventral view, apophyse posteriores one and half as long as the width of papillae anales; von Siebold organ prominent.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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The subspecific epithet of this taxon derives from iron in Latin,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">ferrum</emphasis>
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. The type locality, the massif of Mount Nimba on the Ivory Coast - Guinea border, is rich in iron ore. Iron ore mining is a serious threat for the unique ecosystem of this mountainous area of West Africa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="range">
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Distribution limited to the Mount Nimba area. Considered that southern Ivory Coast was extensively sampled for several years, also by one of the authors (HWG), we believe that one paratype was labeled as from
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Azagny”">"Azagny"</normalizedToken>
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by error.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |