567 lines
74 KiB
XML
567 lines
74 KiB
XML
<document id="1BA9E3EBC2CA8917095BB15A94628C03" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239475" ID-ZooBank="BD3E35FA-7BEA-441E-920A-1946F78C19EE" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1732800463387" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Arias, Erick, Chaves, Gerardo, Kubicki, Brian & Parra-Olea, Gabriela" docDate="2024" docId="FA7D87E63839FF82E3F8FE8FFEBF177A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5537.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5537 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bolitoglossa chiquitica Arias, Chaves, Kubicki & Parra-Olea, 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="224" masterDocId="0644FF9E3830FF8FE36FFFC5FFD7124B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic assessment of the Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) subgenus (Caudata: Plethodontidae) with the description of two new species from the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica" masterLastPageNumber="233" masterPageNumber="211" pageNumber="220" updateTime="1733168410516" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="BB783FD0CA72A6948ABDFB919D626CB2">Taxonomic assessment of the Bolitoglossa (Eladinea) subgenus (Caudata: Plethodontidae) with the description of two new species from the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="4F086CADBD30C329279DFC77981883BF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="B53C79D111436451702CBD05A79C23D4">Arias, Erick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D088118B7D09EFB699E76A77C638AAA6" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4449-1070</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="0BCB33860B8E6CBEF5C7C920C39422D6">Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, AP 70 - 153 Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, México & Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, 11501 - 2060 San José, Costa Rica & Museo de Zoología, Centro de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5586AC34810C1BAC93A91A695D0CE277" type="email">eapiedra@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="42682780E597F4380D90F59191E7063B">Chaves, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A340D7CA355DEB17A65D08B91ED3106F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4301-6569</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="0625017F151902BA489A7B7CA49C44AE">Museo de Zoología, Centro de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CC7DAA487BEF17BAE48FC4C2B096CB21" type="email">cachi13@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D3A333F0919EAD4F6A4D852507E97879">Kubicki, Brian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="905F89468533F292254949EFC6724BC4" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7674-7202</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="29B87C0680D538E0B77AFF5B575EDA7D">Costa Rican Amphibian Research Center, Guayacán, Provincia de Limón, Costa Rica</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="2B1F726A1BFDE0B558A5799215A33C38" type="email">crarc@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="7449FF6B0FAADF1000BFBF1DFFB3A191">Parra-Olea, Gabriela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="237F410C716CB83EC5901B4119B626FC">Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, UNAM, AP 70 - 153 Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Ciudad de México, México</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DF0BF4738F43747F15FF2A3C8EAAF3BE" type="email">gparra@ib.unam.mx</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="7F5D64233DC23505F9CC18CD2AF58D67">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0ACA1C338982783F4E173BD995AAC4F5">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="11F4AFA700876778D2F2AF7179C30365">2024-11-08</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FAA85F8DC24BB1CD93433A824108C81F">5537</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="592C7EC11D50E0EE5FF4E0E97E8164AA">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5537.2.3</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="C8AAAE785F2BF8D6C7358972BB14F3D2" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FA7D87E63839FF82E3F8FE8FFEBF177A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14240124" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14240124" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA7D87E63839FF82E3F8FE8FFEBF177A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA7D87E63839FF82E3F8FE8FFEBF177A" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
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<heading id="2923819C3839FF86E3F8FE8FFDC7132E" bold="true" box="[151,528,330,357]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E3F8FE8FFDC7132E" bold="true" box="[151,528,330,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
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<taxonomicName id="B5D44D733839FF86E3F8FE8FFE7B132E" authorityName="Arias & Chaves & Kubicki & Parra-Olea" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,428,330,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiquitica" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E3F8FE8FFE7B132E" bold="true" box="[151,428,330,357]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Bolitoglossa chiquitica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5B9357993839FF86E2DCFE8EFDC7132E" box="[435,528,331,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="3ACE657B3839FF86E3F8FEABFB5C13C2" box="[151,1163,366,393]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="description">
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http://zoobank.org/
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<paragraph id="726B36F03839FF86E3F8FE56FD9513E6" blockId="9.[151,1163,330,465]" box="[151,578,403,429]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Costa Rican Miniaturized Salamander</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="726B36F03839FF86E3F8FE72FEF8139A" blockId="9.[151,1163,330,465]" box="[151,303,438,465]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
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(
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<figureCitation id="EAEF2A753839FF86E3F0FE72FEF0139A" box="[159,295,438,465]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="9.[151,250,1485,1509]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,961,985]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,702,1458]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1361,179,935]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,179,1849]" captionTargetId-0="figure-147@9.[151,1435,702,1458]" captionTargetId-1="figure-18@11.[227,1361,179,935]" captionTargetId-2="figure-22@12.[151,1436,179,1849]" captionTargetPageId-0="9" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral views of the body of the holotype of Bolitoglossa chiquitica sp. nov. (UCR22420) in preservation. Photograph by E.A." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Ventral views of the hand and foot and detail of the face of the holotype of (A-C) Bolitoglossa chiquitica sp. nov. (UCR22420) and (D-F) B. pygmaea in preservation. Photographs by EA." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Detail of the face of (A-D) Bolitoglossa chiquitica sp. nov. and (E-T) B. pygmaea in preservation. Photographs by EA.UCR vouchers:A:22416, B:22417, C:22419, D:22420 (holotype), E:11788 (holotype). F:11789. G:11790, H:11791, I:11792, J:11793, K:11794, L:11795, M:11796, N:11797. O:11798, P:11799, Q:22718, R:22720, S:22724, and T:23697. Specimens A-D from Utyum, Costa Rica, E-P and T from Fábregas, Panama, and Q-S from Echandi, Costa Rica." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239487" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239489" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239491" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/14239487/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/14239489/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/14239491/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Figures 5–7</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3ACE657B3839FF86E3F8FE3AFEC810E2" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="materials_examined">
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<materialsCitation id="C2BC3CAD3839FF86E3F8FE3AFB0F102A" collectingDate="2013-07-13" collectionCode="UCR" collectorName="Erick Arias & Gerardo Chaves & Omar Zuniga" country="Costa Rica" county="Canton de Talamanca" elevation="2595" latitude="9.3484" location="Cerro Utyum" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-83.1725" municipality="Distrito de Talamanca" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" specimenCode="UCR22420" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Provincia de Limon" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="AD6F88523839FF86E3F8FE3AFED61052" box="[151,257,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="22729E8B3839FF86E263FE3AFE5B1052" box="[268,396,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">UCR22420</specimenCode>
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(
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<figureCitation id="EAEF2A753839FF86E2F4FE3AFE091052" box="[411,478,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,702,1458]" captionTargetId="figure-147@9.[151,1435,702,1458]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral views of the body of the holotype of Bolitoglossa chiquitica sp. nov. (UCR22420) in preservation. Photograph by E.A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239487/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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), an
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<specimenCount id="64D2FD793839FF86E179FE3AFD5C1052" box="[534,651,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
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from
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<collectingCountry id="0AC376603839FF86E1BFFE3AFC981052" box="[720,847,511,537]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="B010F8123839FF86E036FE3AFBEB1052" box="[857,1084,511,537]" country="Costa Rica" name="Limon" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Provincia de Limón</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingCounty id="9B0A4E7C3839FF86E729FE3AFAEB1052" box="[1094,1340,511,537]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Cantón de Talamanca</collectingCounty>
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:
|
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<collectingMunicipality id="920FAC8A3839FF86E628FE3AFEE01076" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Distrito de Talamanca</collectingMunicipality>
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: the Caribbean slope of
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<location id="770B602B3839FF86E120FDE6FD3F1076" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA7D87E63839FF82E3F8FE8FFEBF177A:770B602B3839FF86E120FDE6FD3F1076" box="[591,744,547,573]" country="Costa Rica" county="Canton de Talamanca" latitude="9.3484" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-83.1725" municipality="Distrito de Talamanca" name="Cerro Utyum" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" stateProvince="Provincia de Limon">Cerro Utyum</location>
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,
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<location id="770B602B3839FF86E19AFDE6FBB81076" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA7D87E63839FF82E3F8FE8FFEBF177A:770B602B3839FF86E19AFDE6FBB81076" box="[757,1135,547,573]" country="Costa Rica" county="Canton de Talamanca" latitude="9.3484" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-83.1725" municipality="Distrito de Talamanca" name="Parque Internacional La Amistad" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" stateProvince="Provincia de Limon">Parque Internacional La Amistad</location>
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, (
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<geoCoordinate id="17E050373839FF86E7ECFDE6FB2C1076" box="[1155,1275,547,573]" degrees="9.3484" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" precision="5" value="9.3484">9.3484º N</geoCoordinate>
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, -
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<geoCoordinate id="17E050373839FF86E660FDE7FA4F1076" box="[1295,1432,546,573]" degrees="83.1725" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" precision="5" value="-83.1725">83.1725º W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="B52C9B153839FF86E3F8FD83FF3B102A" box="[151,236,582,609]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5949999999999998" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" unit="m" value="2595.0">
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</quantity>
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elevation), collected by
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||
<collectorName id="DF2153263839FF86E16FFD82FD56102A" box="[512,641,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Erick Arias</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="DF2153263839FF86E1E2FD82FC93102A" box="[653,836,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Gerardo Chaves</collectorName>
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, and
|
||
<collectorName id="DF2153263839FF86E010FD82FBC2102A" box="[895,1045,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Omar Zúñiga</collectorName>
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||
on
|
||
<date id="066A10303839FF86E750FD82FB03102A" box="[1087,1236,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" value="2013-07-13">
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<collectingDate id="162EE9D83839FF86E750FD82FB03102A" box="[1087,1236,583,609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" value="2013-07-13">13 July 2013</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="726B36F03839FF86E3A8FDAEFEC810E2" blockId="9.[151,1437,510,681]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C2BC3CAD3839FF86E3A8FDAEFD7410CE" box="[199,675,619,645]" collectingDate="2013-07-13" collectionCode="UCR" collectorName="Erick Arias & Gerardo Chaves & Omar Zuniga" country="Costa Rica" county="Canton de Talamanca" elevation="2595" latitude="9.3484" location="Cerro Utyum" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-83.1725" municipality="Distrito de Talamanca" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" specimenCode="UCR22416" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Provincia de Limon" typeStatus="paratopotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E3A8FDAEFEA510CF" box="[199,370,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD6F88523839FF86E3A8FDAEFEB910CF" box="[199,366,619,644]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="paratopotype">Paratopotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="22729E8B3839FF86E217FDAEFE2C10CE" box="[376,507,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">UCR22416</specimenCode>
|
||
, an
|
||
<specimenCount id="64D2FD793839FF86E148FDAEFD4810CE" box="[551,671,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="adult">adult male</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C2BC3CAD3839FF86E1C5FDAEFC3910CE" box="[682,1006,619,645]" collectingDate="2013-07-13" collectionCode="UCR" collectorName="Erick Arias & Gerardo Chaves & Omar Zuniga" country="Costa Rica" county="Canton de Talamanca" elevation="2595" latitude="9.3484" location="Cerro Utyum" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-83.1725" municipality="Distrito de Talamanca" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" specimenCode="UCR22417" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Provincia de Limon" typeStatus="paratopotype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="22729E8B3839FF86E1C5FDAEFCFA10CE" box="[682,813,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">UCR22417</specimenCode>
|
||
, a
|
||
<specimenCount id="64D2FD793839FF86E024FDAEFC3D10CE" box="[843,1002,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="subadult">subadult male</specimenCount>
|
||
;
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C2BC3CAD3839FF86E09AFDAEFEC810E2" collectingDate="2013-07-13" collectionCode="UCR" collectorName="Erick Arias & Gerardo Chaves & Omar Zuniga" country="Costa Rica" county="Canton de Talamanca" elevation="2595" latitude="9.3484" location="Cerro Utyum" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-83.1725" municipality="Distrito de Talamanca" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" specimenCode="UCR22419" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-juvenile="1" stateProvince="Provincia de Limon" typeStatus="paratopotype">
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCode id="22729E8B3839FF86E74BFDAEFB7010CE" box="[1060,1191,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">UCR22419</specimenCode>
|
||
, a
|
||
<specimenCount id="64D2FD793839FF86E7AAFDAEFAF410CE" box="[1221,1315,619,645]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="juvenile">juvenile</specimenCount>
|
||
; same data as holotype.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="26AB66783839FF86E3F8FA08FEB61442" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239487/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" startId="9.[151,250,1485,1509]" targetBox="[151,1435,702,1458]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F03839FF86E3F8FA08FEB61442" blockId="9.[151,1437,1485,1545]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E3F8FA08FEC617AE" bold="true" box="[151,273,1485,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal and ventral views of the body of the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D733839FF86E057FA08FBF717AE" authorityName="Arias & Chaves & Kubicki & Parra-Olea" authorityYear="2024" box="[824,1056,1485,1509]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiquitica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E057FA08FBF717AE" box="[824,1056,1485,1509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Bolitoglossa chiquitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E74AFA08FBA417AE" bold="true" box="[1061,1139,1485,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5B9357993839FF86E74AFA08FBA417AE" box="[1061,1139,1485,1509]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(UCR22420) in preservation. Photograph by E.A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3ACE657B3839FF86E3A8F99EFB3714D2" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F03839FF86E3A8F99EFB3714D2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1627,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E3A8F99EFE71143E" box="[199,422,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Generic Placement.</emphasis>
|
||
Assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D733839FF86E1CAF99EFCE6143E" authorityName="Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril" authorityYear="1854" box="[677,817,1627,1653]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E1CAF99EFCE6143E" box="[677,817,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due to having fewer than 14 costal grooves and lacking a sublingual fold and to the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D733839FF86E150F9BAFD7314D2" box="[575,676,1663,1689]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eladinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E150F9BAFD7314D2" box="[575,676,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Eladinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the molecular evidence presented herein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3ACE657B3839FF85E3A8F961FEFF16A2" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F03839FF86E3A8F961FB1A1506" blockId="9.[151,1436,1627,2014]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E3A8F961FE9714F6" box="[199,320,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The combination of the following characteristics can be used to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D733839FF86E7F6F966FA4B14F6" authorityName="Arias & Chaves & Kubicki & Parra-Olea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1177,1436,1699,1725]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiquitica">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E7F6F966FA4B14F6" box="[1177,1436,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Bolitoglossa chiquitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the other described species of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D733839FF86E1F9F902FCF514AA" authorityName="Dumeril, Bibron & Dumeril" authorityYear="1854" box="[662,802,1735,1761]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E1F9F902FCF514AA" box="[662,802,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Bolitoglossa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1) very small body (
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B153839FF86E77CF902FB6014A9" box="[1043,1207,1735,1762]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.675" metricValueMax="2.83" metricValueMin="2.52" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" unit="mm" value="26.75" valueMax="28.3" valueMin="25.2">25.2–28.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in adult males) with limbs relatively long and slender; (2) having hands and feet greatly webbed, less than one phalanx of the longest digits free of webbing; (3) dorsal coloration of yellowish cream to dark brown with a well-defined dark post-ocular stripe that cross the neck and reaches the pectoral shoulder; (4) 16S and cyt
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E085F8F6FC2F1506" box="[1002,1016,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">b</emphasis>
|
||
mtDNA distances.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F03839FF85E3A8F892FD5012B2" blockId="9.[151,1436,1627,2014]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,1905]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E3A8F892FDB9153A" box="[199,622,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">
|
||
Comparisons.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D733839FF86E204F892FDB9153A" authorityName="Arias & Chaves & Kubicki & Parra-Olea" authorityYear="2024" box="[363,622,1879,1905]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiquitica">Bolitoglossa chiquitica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is differentiated from members of the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D733839FF86E7FFF892FB22153A" box="[1168,1269,1879,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eladinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E7FFF892FB22153A" box="[1168,1269,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Eladinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its 16S and cyt
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E3AEF8BEFF1815DE" box="[193,207,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">b</emphasis>
|
||
mtDNA distances. Since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D733839FF86E29FF8B9FD5715DE" authorityName="Arias & Chaves & Kubicki & Parra-Olea" authorityYear="2024" box="[496,640,1915,1941]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiquitica">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E29FF8B9FD5715DE" box="[496,640,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">B. chiquitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is only known to occur in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AC376603839FF86E0C2F8BEFBF015DE" box="[941,1063,1915,1941]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and molecular evidence strongly supports it forming part of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D733839FF86E168F85AFCD515F2" box="[519,770,1951,1977]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diminuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E168F85AFCD515F2" box="[519,770,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Bolitoglossa diminuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group within the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D733839FF86E7C6F85AFAD915F2" box="[1193,1294,1951,1977]" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eladinea">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E7C6F85AFAD915F2" box="[1193,1294,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">Eladinea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, phenotypic comparisons are presented here only concerning to members of that clade (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D733839FF86E728F801FB7C1596" authorityName="Kubicki & Arias" authorityYear="2016" box="[1095,1195,1988,2013]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurae">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E728F801FB7C1596" box="[1095,1195,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">B. aurae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D733839FF86E7D1F801FAA51596" box="[1214,1394,1987,2013]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureogularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF86E7D1F801FAA51596" box="[1214,1394,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">B. aureogularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D733839FF85E6EBF801FF2C12FA" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="221" order="Caudata" pageId="9" pageNumber="220" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diminuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE23839FF85E6EBF801FF2C12FA" italics="true" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="221" pageId="9" pageNumber="220">B. diminuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383AFF85E262FF52FE7C12FB" box="[269,427,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jugivagans">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E262FF52FE7C12FB" box="[269,427,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">B. jugivagans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383AFF85E29EFF52FDAE12FB" authorityName="Bolanos & Wake" authorityYear="2009" box="[497,633,151,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E29EFF52FDAE12FB" box="[497,633,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">B. pygmaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), which are endemic to mountain ranges of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AC37660383AFF85E7E7FF52FAD112FA" box="[1160,1286,151,177]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
and western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AC37660383AFF85E3F8FF7EFF24129E" box="[151,243,187,213]" name="Panama" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
. In addition, we compare with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383AFF85E125FF7EFD04129E" box="[586,723,187,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E125FF7EFD04129E" box="[586,723,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">B. robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
due the geographic proximity and the lack of information about the phylogenetic position of the last species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383AFF85E3A8FEC6FEFF16A2" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
|
||
Contrasting characteristics for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383AFF85E173FEC6FCC91356" authorityName="Arias & Chaves & Kubicki & Parra-Olea" authorityYear="2024" box="[540,798,259,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiquitica">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E173FEC6FCC91356" box="[540,798,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Bolitoglossa chiquitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are presented in parentheses.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383AFF85E706FEC6FEFA130A" authority="Kubicki & Arias 2016" authorityName="Kubicki & Arias" authorityYear="2016" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aurae">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E706FEC6FAEB1357" box="[1129,1340,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Bolitoglossa aurae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16454B01383AFF85E62DFEC6FEFA130A" author="Kubicki, B. & Arias, E." pageId="10" pageNumber="221" pagination="329 - 346" refId="ref14940" refString="Kubicki, B. & Arias, E. (2016) A beautiful new yellow salamander, genus Bolitoglossa (Caudata: Plethodontidae), from the northeastern slopes of the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. Zootaxa, 4184 (2), 329 - 346. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4184.2.5" type="journal article" year="2016">Kubicki & Arias 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383AFF85E135FEE2FD3E130A" authorityName="Arias & Chaves & Kubicki & Parra-Olea" authorityYear="2024" box="[602,745,295,321]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiquitica">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E135FEE2FD3E130A" box="[602,745,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">B. chiquitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having unique dorsal coloration of pale yellow with a dark brown middorsal stripe on the head and body (dorsal color yellowish cream to dark brown uniform); tail longer, TL/SL = 1.37 (TL/SL = 0.92); adult larger, SL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E1B0FEABFC9013C2" box="[735,839,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.05" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="40.5">40.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
(SL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E0CFFEABFB9113C2" box="[928,1094,366,393]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.675" metricValueMax="2.83" metricValueMin="2.52" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="26.75" valueMax="28.3" valueMin="25.2">25.2–28.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in adult males).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383AFF85E67FFEAAFD9913E6" authority="Boza-Oviedo et al. 2012" authorityName="Boza-Oviedo" authorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aureogularis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E67FFEAAFEF013E6" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Bolitoglossa aureogularis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16454B01383AFF85E25EFE56FD9913E6" author="Boza-Oviedo, E. & Rovito, S. M. & Chaves, G. & Garcia-Rodriguez, A. & Artavia, L. G. & Bolanos, F. & Wake, D. B." box="[305,590,403,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" pagination="36 - 61" refId="ref14519" refString="Boza-Oviedo, E., Rovito, S. M., Chaves, G., Garcia-Rodriguez, A., Artavia, L. G., Bolanos, F. & Wake, D. B. (2012) Salamanders from the eastern Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica, with descriptions of five new species (Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa, Nototriton, and Oedipina) and natural history notes from recent expeditions. Zootaxa, 3309 (1), 36 - 61. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3309.1.2" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Boza-Oviedo
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E2BEFE56FDDB13E6" box="[465,524,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has limbs relatively short, LI = 3.5 (limbs longer, LI of 2.0–2.5); bright yellow gular and yellow-brown chest regions (gular and chest regions cream with numerous dark spots); adult larger, SL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E24DFE1EFE5013BE" box="[290,391,475,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.88" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="48.8">48.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(SL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E2BBFE1FFDA013BE" box="[468,631,474,501]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.675" metricValueMax="2.83" metricValueMin="2.52" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="26.75" valueMax="28.3" valueMin="25.2">25.2–28.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
in adult males).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383AFF85E05DFE1EFB0D13BE" authority="Robinson 1976" authorityName="Robinson" authorityYear="1976" box="[818,1242,475,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diminuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E05DFE1EFBFE13BE" box="[818,1065,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Bolitoglossa diminuta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16454B01383AFF85E75FFE1EFB0D13BE" author="Robinson, D. C." box="[1072,1242,475,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" pagination="289 - 294" refId="ref15518" refString="Robinson, D. C. (1976) A new dwarf salamander of the genus Bolitoglossa (Plethodontidae) from Costa Rica. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 89, 289 - 294." type="journal article" year="1976">Robinson 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by having dorsal coloration brown with a pair of dark brown bands running from eye to tail base (dorsal color yellowish cream to dark brown uniform); tail long TL/SL = 1.14 (tail shorter, TL/SL = 0.92); adult larger, SL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E785FDE6FA871076" box="[1258,1360,547,573]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.11" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="31.1">31.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
(SL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E3F8FD83FEEC102A" box="[151,315,582,609]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.88" metricValueMin="2.52" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="28.8" valueMin="25.2">25.2–28.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in adult males).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383AFF85E295FD82FC07102A" authority="Hertz et al. 2013" authorityName="Hertz" authorityYear="2013" box="[506,976,583,609]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jugivagans">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E295FD82FCDE102B" box="[506,777,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Bolitoglossa jugivagans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16454B01383AFF85E07EFD82FC07102A" author="Hertz, A. & Lotzkat, S. & Koehler, G." box="[785,976,583,609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" pagination="463 - 475" refId="ref14853" refString="Hertz, A., Lotzkat, S. & Koehler, G. (2013) A new species of Bolitoglossa (Caudata, Plethodontidae) from the continental divide of western Panama. Zootaxa, 3636 (3), 463 - 475. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3636.3.5" type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Hertz
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E038FD82FC47102A" box="[855,912,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has relatively short limbs, LI = 4 (limbs longer, LI = 2.0–2.5); tail long TL/SL = 1.24 (tail shorter, TL/SL = 0.92); a dorsolateral line running from eye to groin (dorsum and flanks uniform); adult larger, SL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E194FD4AFCB710E2" box="[763,864,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.12" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="31.2">31.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
(SL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E0C0FD4BFB8410E2" box="[943,1107,654,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.88" metricValueMin="2.52" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="28.8" valueMin="25.2">25.2–28.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in adult males).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383AFF85E67FFD4AFDD51086" authority="Bolanos & Wake 2009" authorityName="Bolanos & Wake" authorityYear="2009" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E67FFD4AFF2B1087" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Bolitoglossa pygmaea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16454B01383AFF85E26BFD76FDD51086" author="Bolanos, F. & Wake, D. B." box="[260,514,691,717]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" pagination="57 - 68" refId="ref14398" refString="Bolanos, F. & Wake, D. B. (2009) Two new species of montane web-footed salamanders (Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa) from the Costa Rica-Panama border region. Zootaxa, 1981 (1), 57 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1981.1.5" type="journal article" year="2009">Bolaños & Wake 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="EAEF2A75383AFF85E17DFD76FD5D1086" box="[530,650,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,961,985]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,179,935]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[227,1361,179,935]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ventral views of the hand and foot and detail of the face of the holotype of (A-C) Bolitoglossa chiquitica sp. nov. (UCR22420) and (D-F) B. pygmaea in preservation. Photographs by EA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239489/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Fig. 6D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="EAEF2A75383AFF85E1F9FD76FD0F1086" box="[662,728,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1875,1899]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1849]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[151,1436,179,1849]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Detail of the face of (A-D) Bolitoglossa chiquitica sp. nov. and (E-T) B. pygmaea in preservation. Photographs by EA.UCR vouchers:A:22416, B:22417, C:22419, D:22420 (holotype), E:11788 (holotype). F:11789. G:11790, H:11791, I:11792, J:11793, K:11794, L:11795, M:11796, N:11797. O:11798, P:11799, Q:22718, R:22720, S:22724, and T:23697. Specimens A-D from Utyum, Costa Rica, E-P and T from Fábregas, Panama, and Q-S from Echandi, Costa Rica." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239491/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) by having dorsal coloration variable from pale orange to dark brown with large black patches (dorsal color yellowish cream to dark brown uniform); loreal region, upper lips, and lower lips with few melanophores (loreal region, upper lips, and lower lips strongly pigmented with melanophores); head rounded in profile (head truncated in profile); snout raised anterodorsally, internarial and interorbital regions strongly concave (snout relatively truncate anterodorsally, internarial and interorbital area relatively flat); nostrils large, LNH 9–10 % of HeW, RNW 8–9 % of HeW (nostrils small, LNH 6 % of HeW, RNW 4% of HeW); restricted to Páramo rainforest habitat, in moss-mass and under rocks, above
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E0E5FC4EFC0811EE" box="[906,991,907,933]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="m" value="3100.0">3100 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (restricted to Montane rain forest, in bromeliads, below
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E2E2FC6AFE341182" box="[397,483,943,969]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l.).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383AFF85E157FC6AFCE41182" authorityName="Arias & Chaves & Kubicki & Parra-Olea" authorityYear="2024" box="[568,819,943,969]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="silentium" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E157FC6AFCE41182" box="[568,819,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Bolitoglossa silentium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E054FC6AFC411182" bold="true" box="[827,918,943,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5B935799383AFF85E054FC6AFC411182" box="[827,918,943,969]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has hands and feet with little webbing, fewer than two phalanges of the longest digits free of webbing (hands and feet are greatly webbed, less than one phalanx of the longest digits free of webbing); extensive black pigment on the dorsum and costal grooves (dorsum and costal grooves yellowish cream to dark brown but not black); adult larger, SL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E08CFBDFFB5F167E" box="[995,1160,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.835" metricValueMax="5.56" metricValueMin="4.11" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="48.35" valueMax="55.6" valueMin="41.1">41.1–55.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
(SL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E7B5FBDFFAA9167E" box="[1242,1406,1050,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.88" metricValueMin="2.52" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="28.8" valueMin="25.2">25.2–28.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in adult males).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383AFF85E25CFBFAFC841612" authority="Bolanos and Wake 2009" authorityName="Bolanos and Wake" authorityYear="2009" box="[307,851,1087,1113]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="robinsoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E25CFBFAFDE41612" box="[307,563,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Bolitoglossa robinsoni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16454B01383AFF85E153FBFAFC841612" author="Bolanos, F. & Wake, D. B." box="[572,851,1087,1113]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" pagination="57 - 68" refId="ref14398" refString="Bolanos, F. & Wake, D. B. (2009) Two new species of montane web-footed salamanders (Plethodontidae: Bolitoglossa) from the Costa Rica-Panama border region. Zootaxa, 1981 (1), 57 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1981.1.5" type="journal article" year="2009">Bolaños and Wake 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has hands and feet with little webbing, fewer than two phalanges of the longest digits free of webbing (hands and feet are greatly webbed, less than one phalanx of the longest digits free of webbing); extensive black pigment on the dorsum and costal grooves (dorsum and costal grooves yellowish cream to dark brown but not black); adult larger, SL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E0BFFB6EFB58168E" box="[976,1167,1195,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5195" metricValueMax="6.417" metricValueMin="4.622" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="55.195" valueMax="64.17" valueMin="46.22">46.22–64.17 mm</quantity>
|
||
(SL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E7B2FB6FFA57168E" box="[1245,1408,1194,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" metricValueMax="2.88" metricValueMin="2.52" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="27.0" valueMax="28.8" valueMin="25.2">25.2–28.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
in adult males).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3ACE657B383AFF82E3A8FB36FAD911CA" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383AFF85E3A8FB36FC9D14F6" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383AFF85E3A8FB36FE011746" box="[199,470,1267,1293]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD6F8852383AFF85E201FB36FE051746" box="[366,466,1267,1293]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male having an SL of
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E07AFB36FCAF1746" box="[789,888,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.83" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="28.3">28.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="EAEF2A75383AFF85E0E9FB36FC1D1746" box="[902,970,1266,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,702,1458]" captionTargetId="figure-147@9.[151,1435,702,1458]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral views of the body of the holotype of Bolitoglossa chiquitica sp. nov. (UCR22420) in preservation. Photograph by E.A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239487/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head relatively well-differentiated from the trunk (HeW 5.0 mm, NeW
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E288FAD2FDEA177A" box="[487,573,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, ShW
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E1EBFAD2FD0B177A" box="[644,732,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
), with the greatest width of the head transversally crossing at the eyes; head rounded in dorsal outline and rounded to truncate in profile; snout moderate (SnL 2.0 mm, 6.7 % of SL), with nearly terminal small nostrils (LNH
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E101FA9AFD101732" box="[622,711,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, RNW
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E073FA9AFCA31732" box="[796,884,1375,1401]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) directed anterolaterally; internarial area slightly convex in dorsal outline. Snout protruding beyond the anterior margin of the lower lip in lateral view. Eyes large and prominent (EW = 109.5 % of SnL), weakly protruding beyond the dorsal and ventral outline of the head, directed anterolaterally, with a distinct suborbital groove. Teeth are numerous. There are 3 premaxillary teeth, 34 maxillary teeth, and 17 vomerine teeth. Well-defined superior eyelids, higher than the top of head in the interorbital area (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EAEF2A75383AFF85E600FA2AFF6C1466" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,961,985]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,179,935]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[227,1361,179,935]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ventral views of the hand and foot and detail of the face of the holotype of (A-C) Bolitoglossa chiquitica sp. nov. (UCR22420) and (D-F) B. pygmaea in preservation. Photographs by EA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239489/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Top of head flat and smooth, tapering slightly toward anterior terminus, lacking contrasting interorbital or other dermal structures. Canthus rostralis weakly rounded; intercanthal area flat to slightly convex; and loreal region flat. Evident cirri (nasolabial protuberances) on tip of snout; nasolabial grooves start at ventrolateral margins of nares and terminate in a cirrus. Gular fold is well-defined, starting on the dorsolateral portion of the neck, below the postorbital groove. Mental gland is not visible under the skin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383AFF85E3A8F902FAE1153A" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1905]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
|
||
Arms relatively short and slender (FLL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E1C7F902FCD514AA" box="[680,770,1735,1761]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 22.6 % of SL), without noticeable hypertrophied forearm compared to the upper arm. Hands relatively large and broad (HaL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E0FCF92EFC3D154E" box="[915,1002,1771,1797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 33.3 % of VGS; HaW =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383AFF85E66EF92FFA8F154E" box="[1281,1368,1770,1797]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 50 % of HeW;
|
||
<figureCitation id="EAEF2A75383AFF85E390F8CAFE8F1562" box="[255,344,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,961,985]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,179,935]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[227,1361,179,935]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ventral views of the hand and foot and detail of the face of the holotype of (A-C) Bolitoglossa chiquitica sp. nov. (UCR22420) and (D-F) B. pygmaea in preservation. Photographs by EA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239489/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Finger I is embedded in the webbing tissue; the tip of Fingers II and IV slightly protrude freely; two phalanges protrude free beyond interdigital tissue margin in Finger III. Tip of fingers rounded; no terminal pads discernible on the ventral surface of fingers. Relative lengths of fingers on the right hand I <IV <II <III.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="26AB6678383BFF84E3F8FC04FCAB11B6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239489" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239489/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" startId="11.[151,250,961,985]" targetBox="[227,1361,179,935]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383BFF84E3F8FC04FCAB11B6" blockId="11.[151,1436,961,1021]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383BFF84E3F8FC04FEC41192" bold="true" box="[151,275,961,985]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral views of the hand and foot and detail of the face of the holotype of (A-C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383BFF84E735FC04FA931192" authorityName="Arias & Chaves & Kubicki & Parra-Olea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1114,1348,961,985]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiquitica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383BFF84E735FC04FA931192" box="[1114,1348,961,985]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Bolitoglossa chiquitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383BFF84E624FC04FA4B1192" bold="true" box="[1355,1436,961,985]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5B935799383BFF84E624FC04FA4B1192" box="[1355,1436,961,985]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(UCR22420) and (D-F)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383BFF84E2E2FC23FDD311B6" authorityName="Bolanos & Wake" authorityYear="2009" box="[397,516,998,1021]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383BFF84E2E2FC23FDD311B6" box="[397,516,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">B. pygmaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in preservation. Photographs by EA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383BFF84E3A8FB95FB7A16B1" blockId="11.[151,1437,1103,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
|
||
Legs short and slender (HLL
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383BFF84E175FB8AFDA21621" box="[538,629,1103,1130]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="6.6">6.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 23.3 % of SL). Feet small and slender (FoL
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383BFF84E712FB8AFB001621" box="[1149,1239,1103,1130]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="2.8">2.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 38.9 % of VGS; FoW
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383BFF84E3BAFBB6FEFA16C5" box="[213,301,1139,1166]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
, 56 % of HeW;
|
||
<figureCitation id="EAEF2A75383BFF84E2B2FBB6FDE316C6" box="[477,564,1139,1165]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="11.[151,250,961,985]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,179,935]" captionTargetId="figure-18@11.[227,1361,179,935]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 6. Ventral views of the hand and foot and detail of the face of the holotype of (A-C) Bolitoglossa chiquitica sp. nov. (UCR22420) and (D-F) B. pygmaea in preservation. Photographs by EA." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239489" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239489/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Toes II, III, IV, and V protrude freely beyond interdigital tissue margin (LT2
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383BFF84E3F8FB52FF2416F9" box="[151,243,1175,1202]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; LT3
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383BFF84E258FB52FE4316FA" box="[311,404,1175,1201]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
), Toe I with minimal indentation at interdigital spaces. Toe III is most free of interdigital tissue, with about the entire distal phalanx protruding. Tips of toes rounded; terminal pads weakly discernible on ventral distal surface of toes. Relative lengths of toes on the right foot I <V <II <IV <III.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383BFF84E3A8FAC6FD39179A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1103,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
|
||
Body subcylindrical (slightly wider than high) in cross-section, and slender (TW =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383BFF84E715FAC6FB021755" box="[1146,1237,1283,1310]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; TW = 15.2 % of AGL). The skin on the head, body, limbs, and tail surfaces is smooth. Eleven costal grooves are visible between the axilla and groin, 13 if counting axillary and inguinal grooves; costal grooves are most visible on ventral and lateral portions of the body. Adpressed limbs separated by 1.5 costal folds; 12 costal folds total between axilla and groin. Tail short (TL =
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383BFF84E239FA56FE1017E6" box="[342,455,1427,1453]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.61" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" unit="mm" value="26.1">26. 1 mm</quantity>
|
||
), cylindrical in cross-section, with an evident constriction at the base and some caudal grooves discernible on the anterior portion of the tail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383BFF84E3A8FA1EFD1714BA" blockId="11.[151,1437,1103,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383BFF84E3A8FA1EFE4517BE" box="[199,402,1499,1525]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Coloration in life.</emphasis>
|
||
The ground color of the dorsal surfaces of the head, trunk, tail, hind limbs, and forelimbs is dark brown to tan with numerous, uniformly distributed pale specks. This coloration extends to the lateral midline, where pale specks become much less numerous and the background paler. Tip of head and upper eyelids brown blackish, darker than the top of head and trunk. Pale specks form a paler ring surrounding the upper eyelids. A pair of thin lateral blackish-brown stripes from the posterior margin of the eye to the gular fold. The iris is bright dark bronze with a dark brownish-black reticulation. The upper surfaces of the arms and legs are similar to the color of the trunk; the distal portion of the hands and feet is paler, pinkish brown. The tip of the tail and dorsal midline of the proximal portion of the tail are paler, pale brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383BFF84E3A8F93EFBBE15EE" blockId="11.[151,1437,1103,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">The trunk’s ventral surface was paler than the dorsal surface, tan cream with numerous dark spots. The chest was paler than the surrounding areas, almost without dark melanophores. The gular surface is darker than the belly, with numerous dark melanophores. The ventral surface of the tail was similar to the dorsal surface, dark brown. The cloaca was darker than the surrounding areas. The ventral surfaces of the arms and legs were paler than the dorsal surfaces. The palmar and plantar surfaces were pale brown with black chromatophores.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383BFF84E3A8F86AFC8215A5" blockId="11.[151,1437,1103,2030]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383BFF84E3A8F86AFDCD1582" box="[199,538,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
|
||
Coloration in ethanol (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EAEF2A75383BFF84E2A7F86AFDDA1582" box="[456,525,1967,1993]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1485,1509]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,702,1458]" captionTargetId="figure-147@9.[151,1435,702,1458]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Dorsal and ventral views of the body of the holotype of Bolitoglossa chiquitica sp. nov. (UCR22420) in preservation. Photograph by E.A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239487" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239487/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
After eight years in ethanol (70%), the overall coloration of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD6F8852383BFF84E78CF86AFA921582" box="[1251,1349,1967,1993]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is paler throughout and contains a principal brown to dark brown tone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="26AB6678383CFF83E3F8F896FBBB159C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239491" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14239491" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239491/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" startId="12.[151,250,1875,1899]" targetBox="[151,1436,179,1849]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383CFF83E3F8F896FBBB159C" blockId="12.[151,1436,1875,2008]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383CFF83E3F8F896FEC41520" bold="true" box="[151,275,1875,1899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of the face of (A-D)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383CFF83E142F896FCC01520" authorityName="Arias & Chaves & Kubicki & Parra-Olea" authorityYear="2024" box="[557,791,1875,1899]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiquitica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383CFF83E142F896FCC01520" box="[557,791,1875,1899]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Bolitoglossa chiquitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383CFF83E072F896FCBA1520" bold="true" box="[797,877,1875,1899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5B935799383CFF83E072F896FCBA1520" box="[797,877,1875,1899]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and (E-T)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383CFF83E0B2F891FB831520" authorityName="Bolanos & Wake" authorityYear="2009" box="[989,1108,1876,1899]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383CFF83E0B2F891FB831520" box="[989,1108,1876,1899]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">B. pygmaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in preservation. Photographs by EA. UCR vouchers:A:22416, B:22417, C:22419, D:22420 (holotype), E:11788 (holotype). F:11789. G:11790, H:11791, I:11792, J:11793, K:11794, L:11795, M:11796, N:11797. O:11798, P:11799, Q:22718, R:22720, S:22724, and T:23697. Specimens A-D from Utyum, Costa Rica, E-P and T from Fábregas, Panama, and Q-S from Echandi, Costa Rica.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383DFF82E3A8FF52FE2813E6" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383DFF82E3A8FF52FE1D12FA" box="[199,458,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Measurements (in mm)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383DFF82E2B7FF52FDBE12FA" box="[472,617,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">limb interval</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383DFF82E118FF52FC3112FA" box="[631,998,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
|
||
and percentages of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD6F8852383DFF82E011FF52FC3512FA" box="[894,994,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SL 28.3; TL 26.1; ShW 3.9; HeW 5.0; NeW 4.2; EW 2.3; SnL 2.1; JSL 5.4; LGFS 7.4; LNH 0.3; RNW 0.3; IND 1.8; NLP 0.6; ICD 2.6; HLL 6.6; FLL 6.4; TW 4.3; VGS 7.2; FSL 9.9; UHL 4.4; AGL 13.2; VL 3.3; HaW 2.5; HaL 2.4; LF2 1.2; LF3 1.5; WF3 0.7; FoW 2.7; FoL 2.8; LT2 1.3; LT3 1.6; WT3 0.7. Limb interval 1.5. Measurements in related percentages: VGS/SL 25.4 %; IND/HeW 36 %; AGL/SL 46.6 %; HeW/SL 17.7 %; HeW/AGL 37.9 %; SnL/ HeW 42 %; LNH/HeW 6 %; LNH/SL 1.1 %; RNW/HeW 6 %; RNW/SL 1.1 %; HLL/SL 23.3 %; FLL/SL 22.6 %; HaL/VGS 33.3 %; FoL/VGS 38.9 %; HaW/HeW 50 %; FoW/HeW 54 %; LT2/FoL 46.4 %; LF2/HaL 50 %; WT3/FoW 25.9 %; WF3/HaW 28 %. Number of teeth: PMT 3, MT 34, VT 17.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383DFF82E3A8FE72FB7710CE" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383DFF82E3A8FE72FE12139B" box="[199,453,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Remarkable variation.</emphasis>
|
||
In coloration, this species is very uniform, the two-adult male
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD6F8852383DFF82E7E0FE72FB2D139A" box="[1167,1274,439,465]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are paler than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD6F8852383DFF82E3D0FE1EFEF313BE" box="[191,292,475,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, but the pattern is the same. These
|
||
<specimenCount id="64D2FD79383DFF82E1CBFE1EFCC213BE" box="[676,789,475,501]" count="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="male">two males</specimenCount>
|
||
were found without the tail. The juvenile
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD6F8852383DFF82E78AFE1EFA9213BE" box="[1253,1349,475,501]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
is paler than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD6F8852383DFF82E39AFE3AFE801052" box="[245,343,511,537]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
suggesting a possible ontogenetical variation. Despite the color variation, the
|
||
<specimenCount id="64D2FD79383DFF82E7DCFE3AFA8C1052" box="[1203,1371,511,537]" count="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">three paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
show the characteristic dark post-ocular stripe that crosses the neck and reaches the pectoral shoulder. In
|
||
<specimenCount id="64D2FD79383DFF82E7B1FDE6FAA71076" box="[1246,1392,547,573]" count="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">one paratype</specimenCount>
|
||
, the number of costal interspaces between adpressed limbs was 1, differing from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD6F8852383DFF82E77AFD82FBA0102A" box="[1045,1143,583,609]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(1.5). The
|
||
<specimenCount id="64D2FD79383DFF82E79DFD82FA4B102A" box="[1266,1436,583,609]" count="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">three paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
lack the band formed by paler-colored specks surrounding the upper eyelids in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD6F8852383DFF82E759FDAEFB4B10CE" box="[1078,1180,619,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383DFF82E3A8FD4AFAD911CA" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383DFF82E3A8FD4AFE1B10E2" box="[199,460,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Measurements (in mm)</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383DFF82E2B3FD4AFDAE10E2" box="[476,633,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">limb intervals</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383DFF82E1E6FD4AFBDC10E3" box="[649,1035,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
|
||
and percentages of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD6F8852383DFF82E0FAFD4AFBD010E3" box="[917,1031,655,680]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
SL 25.2–27.8; ShW 3.4–4.2; HeW 4.4–4.8; NeW 4–4.1; EW 1.9–2.2; SnL 2–2.1; JSL 4.9–5.3; LGFS 6.9–7.8; IND 1.8; NLP 0.5; ICD 2.7; HLL 6.2– 6.6; FLL 6.1–6.5; TW 3.7–3.8; VGS 7–7.3; FSL 9.1–9.2; UHL 4.3–4.7; AGL 11.8–14.3; VL 3.6–3.2; HaW 2.1–2.3; HaL 1.9–2.3; FoW 2.5–3.1; FoL 2.5–2.9. Limb intervals 1–1.5. Measurements in related percentages: VGS/SL 26.3–27.8 %; IND/HeW 37.4–40.9 %; AGL/SL 46.8–51.4 %; HeW/SL 17.2–17.4 %; HeW/AGL 33.6–37.3 %; SnL/HeW 41.7–47.8 %; HLL/SL 24.1–26.2 %; FLL/SL 23.4–24.2 %; HaL/VGS 27.1–31.5 %; FoL/VGS 35.7–39.7 %; HaW/HeW 47.7–47.9 %; FoW/HeW 56.8–64.6 %. Number of teeth: PMT 3–4, MT 30, VT 16–19.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3ACE657B383DFF82E3A8FC4EFC3711A6" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383DFF82E3A8FC4EFC3711A6" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383DFF82E3A8FC4EFE9211EE" box="[199,325,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is a noun in apposition, it is from the Spanish word
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383DFF82E7F6FC4EFACE11EE" authorityName="Arias & Chaves & Kubicki & Parra-Olea" authorityYear="2024" box="[1177,1305,907,933]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiquitica">“chiquitica</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, a popular diminutive used by Costa Rican people to refer to especially small things or animals. This name is given in reference to the small size of this species and its restricted distribution to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AC37660383DFF82E031FC16FC0B11A6" box="[862,988,979,1005]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3ACE657B383DFF82E3A8FC32FD2E168E" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383DFF82E3A8FC32FD2E168E" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383DFF82E3A8FC32FD79165A" box="[199,686,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Habitat and natural history observations.</emphasis>
|
||
The habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383DFF82E002FC32FBA2165A" authorityName="Arias & Chaves & Kubicki & Parra-Olea" authorityYear="2024" box="[877,1141,1015,1041]" class="Amphibia" family="Plethodontidae" genus="Bolitoglossa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caudata" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiquitica">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383DFF82E002FC32FBA2165A" box="[877,1141,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Bolitoglossa chiquitica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a mature cloud forest dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5D44D73383DFF82E256FBDEFE40167E" box="[313,407,1051,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383DFF82E256FBDEFE40167E" box="[313,407,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
covered in moss, with a great abundance of bryophytes and epiphytes. All specimens were found within bromeliads previously cut off of a tree from between 5 to 7 meters above the ground. This site was surround by a sphagnum swamp. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD6F8852383DFF82E128FBA6FDA01636" box="[583,631,1123,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality occurs in the Montane rain forest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16454B01383DFF82E70EFBA6FACF1636" author="Holdridge, L. R." box="[1121,1304,1123,1149]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" refId="ref14911" refString="Holdridge, L. R. (1967) Life Zone Ecology. Revised Edition. Tropical Science Center, San Jose, Costa Rica. 206 pp." type="book" year="1967">Holdridge 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16454B01383DFF82E64BFBA6FF2116EA" author="Bolanos, R. & Watson, V. & Tosi, J." pageId="13" pageNumber="224" refId="ref14454" refString="Bolanos, R., Watson, V. & Tosi, J. (2005) Mapa ecologico de Costa Rica (Zonas de Vida), segun el sistema de clasificacion de zonas de vida del mundo de L. R. Holdridge, Escala 1: 750 000. Centro Cientifico Tropical, San Jose, Costa Rica. [map]" type="book" year="2005">
|
||
Bolaños
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383DFF82E6E7FBA6FF6316EA" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), characterized by a very short dry season (one to two months), annual precipitation range between
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383DFF82E627FB42FED3168E" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" unit="mm" value="3350.0" valueMax="4500.0" valueMin="2200.0">2200 to 4500 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and annual temperature between 6 to 12 ºC.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3ACE657B383DFF82E3A8FB0AFEBF177A" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="726B36F0383DFF82E3A8FB0AFEBF177A" blockId="13.[151,1437,150,1329]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
|
||
<emphasis id="40A0EAE2383DFF82E3A8FB0AFE8F16A2" box="[199,344,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD6F8852383DFF82E07DFB0AFC9516A2" box="[786,834,1231,1257]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in the Caribbean slope of the Cerro Utyum to
|
||
<quantity id="B52C9B15383DFF82E3D8FB37FED81746" box="[183,271,1266,1293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5949999999999998" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" unit="m" value="2595.0">2595 m</quantity>
|
||
a.s.l. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EAEF2A75383DFF82E230FB36FE741746" box="[351,419,1267,1293]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[153,1434,811,1563]" captionTargetId="figure-324@1.[151,1436,810,1566]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1.A) Map of the Cordillera de Talamanca in the Costa Rica-Panamá border-line region showing all known populations of the seven species within the Bolitoglossa diminuta Species Group. B) Map showing the localities for B. bramei, B. pygmaea, B. robinsoni, and B. silentium sp. nov. on the Fábregas and Echandi massifs. The open shape indicates the historical data and the solid shape indicates the localities with molecular data included herein." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239477/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). This species was found in the primary forest within the protected area of La Amistad International Park.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |