269 lines
34 KiB
XML
269 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="E1A1D9CB31F5C3E3848D0774622646D7" ID-CLB-Dataset="4671" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5372805" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cb3beef6-f52f-4318-a88e-6fb8cc9760b6" ID-ISSN="0374-1036" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5372805" ID-ZooBank="C86E62BE-E67E-48DD-9733-3EE3ED593060M" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630107694671" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Curler, Gregory R., Priyadarsanan, Dharma Rajan & Atree" docDate="2015" docId="FA6887BEFF82AF6CFE46FE87608D3717" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2015.55.2.473-483.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF.10:ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleId="E9BE312A6EDF9B84FC5211AAA80D80BF" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2005-2016.journal_article" docStyleVersion="10" docTitle="Horaiella pectinata Curler & Priyadarsanan & Atree 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="477" masterDocId="0651FFC6FF80AF68FFA1FF9461713113" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of Psychodidae (Diptera) from the Western Ghats of India" masterLastPageNumber="483" masterPageNumber="473" pageNumber="475" updateTime="1699158305190" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EE69468E3F901F732905B22F1DBF309E">
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<mods:title id="A207292DDEE47121D6C7303C4134F8E7">Descriptions of Psychodidae (Diptera) from the Western Ghats of India</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D829B662C707D6C0ECFE00104A24C721" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="879C91F9DEC2BCE2491CFAA95656235C">Curler, Gregory R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A035C0DF2EEEAE1C57FF51ABAAAFBF3B">Mississippi Entomological Museum, Mississippi State University, 100 Old Highway 12, P. O. Drawer 9775, Mississippi State, MS 39762 - 9775, USA; e-mail: gcurler @ gmail. com & Research Collaborator, Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, 10 & Constitution NW, Washington, DC 20560 - 0169, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="578E8256B593B1CB7E07F8B3AB5A4FD8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4DC7D86EE07B667E6D377F0202232C8B">Priyadarsanan, Dharma Rajan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="713A3693EAB5C5BA598199DDBFFDC595">Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE), Royal Enclave, Srirampura, Jakkur Post, Bengaluru, 560 064, India.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C33CBCC126EF76F11EB98C7A0E57144D">Atree</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="DAD02FB24BD16B56A7B7390DF872A61E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0B6B07126B9480ABD5D9B309C70B8701">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="28CB17B624DD51F9DAD9CA07AA3A756B">
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<mods:date id="68EF2E03754819D6BFBA68B816897AF2">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C5DC67B90BEB5041AED9CCE3E5CEF9B0">2015-12-31</mods:number>
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<treatment id="FA6887BEFF82AF6CFE46FE87608D3717" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5332445" ID-GBIF-Taxon="185191302" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5332445" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA6887BEFF82AF6CFE46FE87608D3717" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA6887BEFF82AF6CFE46FE87608D3717" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
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<subSubSection id="3ADB6523FF82AF6AFE46FE8762663038" box="[487,791,275,299]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="727E36A8FF82AF6AFE46FE8762663038" blockId="2.[487,791,275,299]" box="[487,791,275,299]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
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<heading id="293681C4FF82AF6AFE46FE8762663038" bold="true" box="[487,791,275,299]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFE46FE8762663038" bold="true" box="[487,791,275,299]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
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<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF82AF6AFE46FE8763CA3038" ID-CoL="8CD98" authority="Curler & Priyadarsanan & Atree, 2015" authorityName="Curler & Priyadarsanan & Atree" authorityYear="2015" box="[487,699,275,299]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinata" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFE46FE8763CA3038" bold="true" box="[487,699,275,299]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Horaiella pectinata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5B8657C1FF82AF6AFD63FE8062663038" box="[706,791,276,299]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3ADB6523FF82AF6AFF36FED5623B307C" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="727E36A8FF82AF6AFF36FED5623B307C" blockId="2.[151,1128,316,367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
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<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFF36FED5606C3047" bold="true" box="[151,285,321,340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="C2A93CF5FF82AF6AFE85FED5623B307C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3339919303" collectingDate="2007-02-01" collectingDateMax="2007-02-19" collectingDateMin="2007-02-01" collectionCode="ZSI-WGRC, WGRC" collectorName="M. E. Irwin" country="India" location="Vythiri Resort" municipality="Wayanad" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="AD7A880AFF82AF6AFE85FED560063040" box="[292,375,321,340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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: J,
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<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFE3EFED563493047" bold="true" box="[415,568,321,340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
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<collectingCountry id="0AD67638FF82AF6AFE3EFED560903047" box="[415,481,321,340]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="B005F84AFF82AF6AFE4DFED563403040" box="[492,561,321,340]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">KERALA</collectingRegion>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<collectingMunicipality id="921AACD2FF82AF6AFD9FFED563FE3047" box="[574,655,321,340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Wayanad</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="771E6073FF82AF6AFD38FED562643047" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA6887BEFF82AF6CFE46FE87608D3717:771E6073FF82AF6AFD38FED562643047" box="[665,789,321,340]" country="India" municipality="Wayanad" name="Vythiri Resort" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" stateProvince="Kerala">Vythiri Resort</location>
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, near small stream,
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<date id="067F1068FF82AF6AFC65FED565463047" box="[964,1079,321,340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2007-02-01" valueMax="2007-02-19" valueMin="2007-02-01">
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<collectingDate id="163BE980FF82AF6AFC65FED565463047" box="[964,1079,321,340]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" value="2007-02-01" valueMax="2007-02-19" valueMin="2007-02-01">1.–19.ii.2007</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, coll.
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<collectorName id="DF34537EFF82AF6AFF36FEC86184307C" box="[151,245,348,367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">M.E. Irwin</collectorName>
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(
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<collectingMethod id="AB804EBFFF82AF6AFEA1FEC86001307C" box="[256,368,348,367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Malaise trap</collectingMethod>
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); deposited
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<collectionCode id="14D0AE6DFF82AF6AFE74FEC8634D307C" box="[469,572,348,367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">ZSI-WGRC</collectionCode>
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(No: ZSI/
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<collectionCode id="14D0AE6DFF82AF6AFD34FEC863A6307C" box="[661,727,348,367]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">WGRC</collectionCode>
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/IR/IV/4471).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3ADB6523FF82AF6AFF36FE1C608B330C" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="727E36A8FF82AF6AFF36FE1C608B330C" blockId="2.[151,1127,391,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
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<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFF36FE1C6020308C" bold="true" box="[151,337,391,415]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
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Diagnosis.
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<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFEB0FE136038308C" bold="true" box="[273,329,391,415]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Male</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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A small
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<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF82AF6AFE0DFE1C6365308C" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1933" box="[428,532,392,415]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFE0DFE1C6365308C" box="[428,532,392,415]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Horaiella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, total length 0.99. Palpus 3-segmented; wing length less than
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<quantity id="B5399B4DFF82AF6AFF6CFE3C607F30AC" box="[205,270,424,447]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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, radial fork arising basal to the apex of R 2+3, medial fork arising at level of R 2+3 apex; terminalia with gonostyli gradually curved at base and apex, 9
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<superScript id="85B49BE0FF82AF6AFC22FE5262FE30C7" attach="left" box="[899,911,454,468]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">th</superScript>
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tergum with lateral lobes digitiform, directed posterolaterally; cerci each with row of conical setae inserted posterodorsally, appearing pectinate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3ADB6523FF82AF6AFF36FDBC600335AC" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="description">
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<paragraph id="727E36A8FF82AF6AFF36FDBC62A232EC" blockId="2.[151,1127,391,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
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<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFF36FDBC602E332C" bold="true" box="[151,351,551,575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
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Description.
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<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFE86FDB3602E332C" bold="true" box="[295,351,551,575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Male</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="EAFA2A2DFF82AF6AFECCFDBC60BF332C" box="[365,462,552,575]" captionStart-0="Figs 1–4" captionStart-1="Fig 5" captionStartId-0="3.[114,151,1492,1511]" captionStartId-1="4.[153,181,773,792]" captionTargetBox-0="[145,1071,221,1411]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1111,218,747]" captionTargetId-0="figure-12@3.[113,1088,216,1432]" captionTargetId-1="figure-263@4.[151,1126,216,759]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="Figs 1–4. Horaiella pectinata sp. nov. 1 – wing; 2 – male head, frontal view; 3 – flagellomeres 11–15; 4 – apex of right fore tibia, with base of tarsus 1, mesal view. Scale bars: 1, 4 = 0.50 mm; 2–3 = 0.15 mm" captionText-1="Fig 5. Horaiella pectinata sp. nov. male genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: aed – aedeagus; crc – cerci; eja – ejaculatory apodem; epd – epandrium; gcx – gonocoxite; gst – gonostyle; prm – paramere. Scale bar 0.15 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372807" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372809" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5372807/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5372809/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Figs 1–5</figureCitation>
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):
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<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFE41FDBC630A332C" box="[480,635,552,575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Measurements</emphasis>
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(n=1): head height 0.26; head width (not measured); wing length 1.67; wing width 0.47; head with transverse row of ten elongate, rigid setae inserted anterodorsally; eyes rounded, dichoptic, widely separated; antenna with 17 articles; scape inconspicuous, about ½ the length of pedicel, slightly recessed within frons; pedicel globular; flagellomere one about 1.5× as long as f 2; f 2–12 gradually decreasing in length, f 13 appearing swollen, wider than preceding flagellomeres, f 14 slightly longer than preceding flagellomere, apical flagellomere about 1/3 the length of preceding flagellomere; f 1–12 with a single digitiform ascoid inserted ventrally to ventrolaterally about ¼ the length from apex of f 1 and mid-length on f 2–12. Palpus with three segments; palp segment two with numerous hyaline sensilla inserted posteromedially; palp segment proportions 1-1-1.5.
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<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFF14FCFC6073326C" box="[181,258,872,895]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Thorax</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="EAFA2A2DFF82AF6AFEB3FCFC6006326C" box="[274,375,872,895]" captionStart="Figs 1–4" captionStartId="3.[114,151,1492,1511]" captionTargetBox="[145,1071,221,1411]" captionTargetId="figure-12@3.[113,1088,216,1432]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 1–4. Horaiella pectinata sp. nov. 1 – wing; 2 – male head, frontal view; 3 – flagellomeres 11–15; 4 – apex of right fore tibia, with base of tarsus 1, mesal view. Scale bars: 1, 4 = 0.50 mm; 2–3 = 0.15 mm" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5372807/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Figs 1, 4</figureCitation>
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). Wing with radial fork arising basal to the apex of R 2+3, medial fork arising at level of R 2+3 apex; branches of medial fork divergent in comparison to those of radial fork; Sc ending in R 1, R s with three branches, M with four branches. Foretibiae each with spur-like projection inserted posteroapically; spur-like projection with a row of four conspicuous setae and one smaller seta inserted distally on its medial surface.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="727E36A8FF82AF6AFF14FB9C600335AC" blockId="2.[151,1127,391,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
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<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF82AF6AFF14FB9C605B350C" box="[181,298,1032,1055]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFF14FB9C605B350C" box="[181,298,1032,1055]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Terminalia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
|
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<figureCitation id="EAFA2A2DFF82AF6AFE9DFB9C60F0350C" box="[316,385,1032,1055]" captionStart="Fig 5" captionStartId="4.[153,181,773,792]" captionTargetBox="[164,1111,218,747]" captionTargetId="figure-263@4.[151,1126,216,759]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Fig 5. Horaiella pectinata sp. nov. male genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: aed – aedeagus; crc – cerci; eja – ejaculatory apodem; epd – epandrium; gcx – gonocoxite; gst – gonostyle; prm – paramere. Scale bar 0.15 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5372809/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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). unrotated, epandrium placed dorsally; epandrium with digitiform lobes posteriorly; lobes directed posterolaterally; gonostyli gradually curved at base and apex, sinuous in dorsal view, slightly longer than gonocoxites; cerci each with row of conical setae inserted posterodorsally, appearing pectinate, with one prominent clavate seta inserted dorsomedially; aedeagus bifurcate, branches divergent; parameres fleshy, bilobed posteriorly, encircling aedeagus.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3ADB6523FF82AF6AFF36FB5C603C340C" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="727E36A8FF82AF6AFF36FB5C603C340C" blockId="2.[151,1127,391,1567]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
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<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFF36FB5C606935CC" bold="true" box="[151,280,1224,1247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Etymology.</emphasis>
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From the Latin adjective
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<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFD8DFB5C63EB35CC" box="[556,666,1224,1247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">pectinatus</emphasis>
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, meaning “comblike, toothed” in reference to the remarkable cerci of this species; both have a row of tooth-like setae arranged in the shape of a comb.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3ADB6523FF82AF6AFF36FABC63CE342C" box="[151,703,1320,1343]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="727E36A8FF82AF6AFF36FABC63CE342C" blockId="2.[151,1127,391,1567]" box="[151,703,1320,1343]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFF36FABC605B342C" bold="true" box="[151,298,1320,1343]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Recorded only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD7A880AFF82AF6AFD94FABC6312342C" box="[565,611,1320,1343]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3ADB6523FF82AF6CFF36FADC608D3717" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="727E36A8FF82AF6CFF36FADC652C32F7" blockId="2.[151,1127,391,1567]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1127,941,1540]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="477" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFF36FADC6068344C" bold="true" box="[151,281,1352,1375]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
It is generally not advisable to describe a species based on a single specimen. In doing so, there is a greater possibility that interspecific variation will be overlooked and/ or morphology will be misinterpreted; however, in some cases there are valid reasons to take this chance.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF82AF6AFEBFFA3C60F734AC" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1933" box="[286,390,1448,1471]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFEBFFA3C60F734AC" box="[286,390,1448,1471]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">Horaiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a taxon that is rarely collected and most species of this group are described from limited material. For
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF82AF6AFDB8FA5C63EA34CC" authority="Curler & Priyadarsanan & Atree, 2015" authorityName="Curler & Priyadarsanan & Atree" authorityYear="2015" box="[537,667,1480,1503]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF82AF6AFDB8FA5C63EA34CC" box="[537,667,1480,1503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="475">H. pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5B8657C1FF82AF6AFD00FA5C638534CC" box="[673,756,1480,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the excellently preserved
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD7A880AFF82AF6AFBA8FA5C651734CC" box="[1033,1126,1480,1503]" pageId="2" pageNumber="475" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
presented a unique opportunity to adequately describe a species of this poorly known genus from a region where it was not previously known to occur. Given the unique morphology of the new species, it is impossible to confuse it with other described species. Nonetheless, collection of additional material will make it possible to understand the morphology in greater detail.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="26BE6620FF83AF6BFFD3FA4062FF3711" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372807" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5372807" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5372807/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" startId="3.[114,151,1492,1511]" targetBox="[145,1071,221,1411]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="727E36A8FF83AF6BFFD3FA4062FF3711" blockId="3.[114,1089,1492,1538]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">
|
||
Figs 1–4.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF83AF6BFF66FA40601F34F4" authority="Curler & Priyadarsanan & Atree, 2015" authorityName="Curler & Priyadarsanan & Atree" authorityYear="2015" box="[199,366,1492,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF83AF6BFF66FA40601F34F4" box="[199,366,1492,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="476">Horaiella pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5B8657C1FF83AF6BFED5FA4060C934F4" box="[372,440,1492,1511]" pageId="3" pageNumber="476" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
1 – wing; 2 – male head, frontal view; 3 – flagellomeres 11–15; 4 – apex of right fore tibia, with base of tarsus 1, mesal view. Scale bars: 1, 4 = 0.50 mm; 2–3 = 0.15 mm
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="26BE6620FF84AF6CFF38FC9165383220" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5372809" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5372809" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5372809/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" startId="4.[153,181,773,792]" targetBox="[164,1111,218,747]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="727E36A8FF84AF6CFF38FC9165383220" blockId="4.[153,1128,773,819]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
|
||
Fig 5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFF72FC91600A320B" authority="Curler & Priyadarsanan & Atree, 2015" authorityName="Curler & Priyadarsanan & Atree" authorityYear="2015" box="[211,379,773,792]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF84AF6CFF72FC91600A320B" box="[211,379,773,792]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Horaiella pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5B8657C1FF84AF6CFE23FC9160B6320B" box="[386,455,773,792]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
male genitalia, dorsal view. Abbreviations: aed – aedeagus; crc – cerci; eja – ejaculatory apodem; epd – epandrium; gcx – gonocoxite; gst – gonostyle; prm – paramere. Scale bar 0.15 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="727E36A8FF84AF6CFF14FC7960CC3477" blockId="4.[151,1127,941,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFF14FC79606A3517" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1933" box="[181,283,1005,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF84AF6CFF14FC79606A3517" box="[181,283,1005,1028]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Horaiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and consequentially
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFE5AFC7963F13517" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1936" box="[507,640,1005,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Horaiellinae">Horaiellinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, previously included four described species:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFBEDFC7960D23537" authority="Tonnoir, 1933" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1933" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prodigiosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF84AF6CFBEDFC79607B3537" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">H. prodigiosa</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16504B59FF84AF6CFEAEFB9960D23537" author="TONNOIR A. L." box="[271,419,1037,1060]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" pagination="53 - 75" refId="ref4931" refString="TONNOIR A. L. 1933: Description of remarkable Psychodidae and their early stages, with a theory of the evolution of the larvae. Records of the Indian Museum 35: 53 - 75." type="journal article" year="1933">Tonnoir, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFE75FB9963883537" authority="Tonnoir, 1933" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1933" box="[468,761,1037,1060]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="consimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF84AF6CFE75FB99632E3537" box="[468,607,1037,1060]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">H. consimilis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16504B59FF84AF6CFDC4FB9963883537" author="TONNOIR A. L." box="[613,761,1037,1060]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" pagination="53 - 75" refId="ref4931" refString="TONNOIR A. L. 1933: Description of remarkable Psychodidae and their early stages, with a theory of the evolution of the larvae. Records of the Indian Museum 35: 53 - 75." type="journal article" year="1933">Tonnoir, 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from West Bengal,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFC68FB9960383557" authority="Alexander, 1953" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1953" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuatunensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF84AF6CFC68FB9965173537" box="[969,1126,1037,1060]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">H. kuatunensis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16504B59FF84AF6CFF36FBB960383557" author="ALEXANDER C. P." box="[151,329,1069,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" pagination="41 - 42" refId="ref4274" refString="ALEXANDER C. P. 1953: Undescribed species of Nematocerous Diptera. Part II. Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 48: 41 - 42." type="journal article" year="1953">Alexander, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from southeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AD67638FF84AF6CFDBAFBB9632C3557" box="[539,605,1069,1092]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFD39FBB962033557" authority="Curler, 2006" authorityName="Curler" authorityYear="2006" box="[664,882,1069,1092]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iota">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF84AF6CFD39FBB963923557" box="[664,739,1069,1092]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">H. iota</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16504B59FF84AF6CFD4DFBB962033557" author="CURLER G. R. & PHASUK J. & CHANPAISAENG J. & COURTNEY G. W." box="[748,882,1069,1092]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" pagination="519 - 524" refId="ref4384" refString="CURLER G. R., PHASUK J., CHANPAISAENG J. & COURTNEY G. W. 2006: A new species of Horaiella Tonnoir (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Thailand. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 108: 519 - 524." type="journal article" year="2006">Curler, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from central
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AD67638FF84AF6CFBA6FBB965173557" box="[1031,1126,1069,1092]" name="Thailand" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16504B59FF84AF6CFF3EFBD960013577" author="CURLER G. R. & PHASUK J. & CHANPAISAENG J. & COURTNEY G. W." box="[159,368,1101,1124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" pagination="519 - 524" refId="ref4384" refString="CURLER G. R., PHASUK J., CHANPAISAENG J. & COURTNEY G. W. 2006: A new species of Horaiella Tonnoir (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Thailand. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 108: 519 - 524." type="journal article" year="2006">CURLER et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFE22FBD963273577" authority="Curler & Priyadarsanan & Atree, 2015" authorityName="Curler & Priyadarsanan & Atree" authorityYear="2015" box="[387,598,1101,1124]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF84AF6CFE22FBD963273577" box="[387,598,1101,1124]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Horaiella pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5B8657C1FF84AF6CFDFEFBD963C53577" box="[607,692,1101,1124]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
increases the total number of described species to five. Based on the wing venation, three palp segments (as opposed to four in Himalayan and Chinese species), and the small body size (compared to Himalayan and Chinese species),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFF58FB39600A35D7" authorityName="Curler & Priyadarsanan & Atree" authorityYear="2015" box="[249,379,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF84AF6CFF58FB39600A35D7" box="[249,379,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">H. pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF84AF6CFD9BFB3963FB35D7" box="[570,650,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFD9BFB3963F735D7" authorityName="Curler" authorityYear="2006" box="[570,646,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iota">H. iota</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Nonetheless, the aforementioned similarities are somewhat superficial given there are also marked differences in the genitalia of these two species. Most notably,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFE26FB7960A13417" authorityName="Curler" authorityYear="2006" box="[391,464,1261,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="iota">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF84AF6CFE26FB7960A13417" box="[391,464,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">H. iota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have cerci developed for clasping, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFC42FB7965173417" authorityName="Curler & Priyadarsanan & Atree" authorityYear="2015" box="[995,1126,1261,1284]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF84AF6CFC42FB7965173417" box="[995,1126,1261,1284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">H. pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not have distinct parameres with the setose lobes found in all other described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFC59FA9965113437" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1933" box="[1016,1120,1293,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF84AF6CFC59FA9965113437" box="[1016,1120,1293,1316]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Horaiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lastly, the lack of torsion in the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFD3CFAB9626E3457" authorityName="Curler & Priyadarsanan & Atree" authorityYear="2015" box="[669,799,1325,1348]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF84AF6CFD3CFAB9626E3457" box="[669,799,1325,1348]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">H. pectinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a significant difference from the other described species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="727E36A8FF84AF6CFF14FAF9608D3717" blockId="4.[151,1127,941,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFF14FAF9606C3497" authorityName="Tonnoir" authorityYear="1933" box="[181,285,1389,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" genus="Horaiella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40B5EABAFF84AF6CFF14FAF9606C3497" box="[181,285,1389,1412]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="477">Horaiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains restricted to the Oriental Region; however, the significant variations in morphology among known species of this group, as well as the relatively discontinuous distribution suggest that more species remain to be discovered. Indeed, more species need to be examined before it willbe possible to characterize the subfamily adequately and determine relationships within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5C14D2BFF84AF6CFED0FA7960893717" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1936" box="[369,504,1517,1540]" class="Insecta" family="Psychodidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="477" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Horaiellinae">Horaiellinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |