164 lines
20 KiB
XML
164 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="A070DD9633E75828C47DE7F9CEC0B28B" ID-CLB-Dataset="24911" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.17.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="65962ba7-eec1-40e7-aed6-cef94e99ca39" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3538362" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573511149647" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Henderson, Andrew" docDate="2011" docId="FA4887FA248BBDD0FF37D88B1A35A09A" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.17.1.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 17" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.3:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Geonoma triglochin Burret 1930" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="152" masterDocId="0671FF82241EBD47FFA0DE421B3FA301" masterDocTitle="A revision of Geonoma (Arecaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="271" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="150" updateTime="1698765326825" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="FF31C31B95013DAF14386CFA397EA686" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2449438D864364252D7D72E48FACE43F">
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<mods:title id="5D323F35B525D3B37990F4EC9337D392">A revision of Geonoma (Arecaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F2E0854C6B6123EC774AAE02518F91F7" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="5FAD762457F818FBFEE88782A03BDB34">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E010B7B886AB3BD2C010F6545A53337A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8E3BD3C544B057B5D1C13CB01E3B4171">Henderson, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="61F6A6BD1C77F1D3A91F5AF82A21D4E7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="38276CDAA2026BC10C7DE03C917BB09F">
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<mods:title id="051B2980C2140128B8B31565DDFC6C01">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8531306079D812D3760700C4C71260E0">
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<mods:date id="42D0585C7E3DF74749C34917D569DD94">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="977DFF82E1B63D9A6D2EF5A9D244D9F2" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="8852E1C44844A9D2C8F3023CE37098EF">2011-02-18</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="DE77041E56DC815DDC3F8EA1DF579E05" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="104C559F556B207F13C892A1D8E65B51">17</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="8AAD84DC9AA8A6439C7265CFAE006813">271</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="39705193012A8AA4768C62440C2792B7">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="031EB220C6A2430EB4402227A27FC598" type="CLB-Dataset">24911</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="01856BD2283F52936313A93DDA92CAEB" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.17.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="47525517905D3694BEF32F44DB0BA865" type="GBIF-Dataset">65962ba7-eec1-40e7-aed6-cef94e99ca39</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5A278CCC24F621A126E3BD99C0FA0599" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="870E40EF2365FC823BD41ED25D5CA964" type="Zenodo-Dep">3538362</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="FA4887FA248BBDD0FF37D88B1A35A09A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5609192" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160342392" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5609192" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA4887FA248BBDD0FF37D88B1A35A09A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA4887FA248BBDD0FF37D88B1A35A09A" lastPageId="151" lastPageNumber="152" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
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<subSubSection id="3AFB6567248BBDD2FF37D88B1874A40B" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="725E36EC248BBDD2FF37D88B1874A40B" blockId="149.[151,1436,1736,1802]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE248BBDD2FF37D88B1B83A5E2" bold="true" box="[151,188,1737,1763]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">64.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F248BBDD2FF63D88A19B4A5E2" ID-CoL="3FQR9" authority="Burret (1930 c: 8)" authorityName="Burret" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1930" box="[195,651,1736,1763]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triglochin">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE248BBDD2FF63D88A1A89A5E2" bold="true" box="[195,438,1736,1763]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Geonoma triglochin</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D248BBDD2FE1DD88B19B4A5E2" author="Burret, M." box="[445,651,1737,1763]" journalOrPublisher="Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin- Dahlem" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 19" part="11" refId="ref121080" refString="Burret, M. (1930 c) Plantae novae austroamericanae. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums zu Berlin- Dahlem, 11: 1 - 19." title="Plantae novae austroamericanae" type="journal article" year="1930">Burret (1930c: 8)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type:
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C248BBDD2FD40D88B18BEA5E2" box="[736,897,1737,1763]" name="Colombia" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="B025F80E248BBDD2FC2BD88B18CFA5E2" box="[907,1008,1737,1763]" country="Colombia" name="Caqueta" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Caquetá</collectingRegion>
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: Sucre,
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<date id="065F102C248BBDD2FBEBD88B1FDBA5E2" box="[1099,1252,1737,1763]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" value="1926-07-10">10 July 1926</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE248BBDD2FB50D88B1A52A40B" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">G. Woronow & S. Juzepczuk 5858</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="AD5A884E248BBDD2FEDCD8B21ADBA40B" box="[380,484,1776,1802]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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LE
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE248BBDD2FDB7D8B31979A40B" box="[535,582,1777,1802]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">n.v.,</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="AD5A884E248BBDD2FDEED8B2198BA40B" box="[590,692,1776,1802]" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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image
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C248BBDD2FCAAD8B21807A40B" box="[778,824,1776,1802]" name="United States of America" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">US</collectingCountry>
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!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3AFB6567248BBDD1FF37D97F1880A091" lastPageId="150" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" type="description">
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<paragraph id="725E36EC248BBDD1FF37D97F1880A091" blockId="149.[151,1437,1853,2034]" lastBlockId="150.[151,1437,152,912]" lastPageId="150" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE248BBDD2FF37D97F1BDDA456" box="[151,226,1853,1879]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Plants</emphasis>
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2.2(1.5–4.0) m tall; stems 2.3(0.2–8.0) m tall,
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<quantity id="B5199B09248BBDD2FCA5D97F186AA456" box="[773,853,1853,1879]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" unit="cm" value="1.7">1.7 cm</quantity>
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in diameter, solitary, cane-like; internodes
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<quantity id="B5199B09248BBDD2FAEDD97F1EA3A456" box="[1357,1436,1853,1879]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" unit="cm" value="1.2">1.2 cm</quantity>
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long, yellowish and smooth.
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE248BBDD2FE47D9271906A47F" box="[487,569,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="149" pageNumber="150">Leaves</emphasis>
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17(10–25) per stem, undivided or irregularly pinnate, not plicate, bases of blades recurved against the rachis; sheaths 18.6(10.0–27.5) cm long; petioles 9.0(0.0–35.0) cm long, drying green or yellowish; rachis 84.7(38.5–160.0) cm long, 6.7(2.7–15.7) mm in diameter; veins not raised or slightly raised and triangular in cross-section adaxially; pinnae 3(1–8) per side of rachis; basal pinna 49.5(32.0–75.0) cm long, 28.8(10.2–53.0) cm wide, forming an angle of 21(7–44)° with the rachis; apical pinna 21.4(9.0–34.8) cm long, 17.2(7.5–28.7) cm wide, forming an angle of 32(20–52)° with the rachis.
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2488BDD1FF37DEA71A00A3FE" box="[151,319,229,255]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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branched 1 order; prophylls and peduncular bracts not ribbed with elongate, unbranched fibers, flattened (if tubular, narrow, and elongate then not ribbed), deciduous or persistent; prophylls 17.4(7.5–33.0) cm long, not short and asymmetrically apiculate, the surfaces not ridged, without unequally wide ridges; peduncular bracts 27.2(20.7–40.0) cm long, well-developed, inserted 2.9(0.5–7.0) cm above the prophyll; peduncles 37.5(21.0–50.0) cm long, 5.4(2.5–10.3) mm in diameter; rachillae 5(3–9), 17.6(7.5–33.5) cm long, 5.1(2.7–10.6) mm in diameter, the surfaces without spiky, fibrous projections or ridges, drying brown or yellow-brown, without short, transverse ridges, not filiform and not narrowed between the flower pits; flower pits spirally arranged, glabrous internally; proximal lips with a central notch before anthesis, often the two sides of the notch overlapping, not recurved after anthesis, not hood-shaped; proximal and distal lips drying the same color as the rachillae, not joined to form a raised cupule, the proximal lip margins overlapping the distal lip margins; distal lips well-developed; staminate and pistillate petals not emergent, not valvate throughout; staminate flowers deciduous after anthesis; stamens 6; thecae diverging at anthesis, inserted directly onto apiculate filament apices; anthers not short and curled at anthesis, usually elongate, spiraled and twisted or sometimes remaining straight; non-fertilized pistillate flowers deciduous after anthesis; staminodial tubes lobed at the apex, the lobes spreading at anthesis, acuminate, those of non-fertilized pistillate flowers not projecting and persistent after anthesis;
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2488BDD1FD3EDD6B19E3A042" box="[670,732,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">fruits</emphasis>
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12.9(10.0–16.0) mm long, 10.4(7.6–12.7) mm in diameter, the bases without a prominent stipe, the surfaces not splitting at maturity, without fibers emerging, not bumpy, not apiculate; locular epidermis with operculum, smooth, with pores.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="269E66642488BDD1FF37D9841FCAA4DC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3538445" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3538445" box="[151,1269,1990,2014]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3538445/files/figure.png" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" startId="150.[151,255,1990,2013]" targetBox="[170,1423,960,1973]" targetPageId="150">
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<paragraph id="725E36EC2488BDD1FF37D9841FCAA4DC" blockId="150.[151,1269,1990,2014]" box="[151,1269,1990,2014]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2488BDD1FF37D9841A1FA4DC" bold="true" box="[151,288,1990,2013]" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">FIGURE 41</emphasis>
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. Distribution maps of
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2488BDD1FDB0D98419E1A4DC" box="[528,734,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2488BDD1FDB0D98419E5A4DC" authorityName="Wessels Boer" authorityYear="1968" baseAuthorityName="Burret" box="[528,730,1990,2013]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triandra">Geonoma triandra</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2488BDD1FD45D9841854A4DC" authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" box="[741,875,1990,2013]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triglochin">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2488BDD1FD45D98419CAA4DC" box="[741,757,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">G</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2488BDD1FCA2D9841854A4DC" box="[770,875,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">triglochin</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2488BDD1FCD9D98418D4A4DF" box="[889,1003,1990,2014]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2488BDD1FCD9D98418D8A4DF" authorityName="Gentry" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" box="[889,999,1990,2014]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trigona">G. trigona</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2488BDD1FBBFD9841FD1A4DC" authorityName="Wessels Boer" authorityYear="1965" box="[1055,1262,1990,2013]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="150" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbraculiformis">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2488BDD1FBBFD9841F10A4DC" box="[1055,1071,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">G</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2488BDD1FB9CD9841FD1A4DC" box="[1084,1262,1990,2013]" italics="true" pageId="150" pageNumber="151">umbraculiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="3AFB65672489BDD0FF66DEDA1A35A09A" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="725E36EC2489BDD0FF66DEDA1E6AA3D8" blockId="151.[151,1437,152,923]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FF66DEDA1922A3B3" bold="true" box="[198,541,152,178]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Distribution and habitat:—</emphasis>
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From 0°00’–
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<geoCoordinate id="17D5502B2489BDD0FD17DEDA182BA3B3" box="[695,788,152,178]" degrees="12" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" precision="925" value="-12.583333">12°35’S</geoCoordinate>
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and 71°18’–
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<geoCoordinate id="17D5502B2489BDD0FC08DEDA1F28A3B3" box="[936,1047,152,178]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" precision="925" value="-78.63333">78°38’W</geoCoordinate>
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in the western Amazon region in
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2489BDD0FF37DEFD1A31A3D8" box="[151,270,191,217]" name="Colombia" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2489BDD0FEB9DEFD1A43A3D8" box="[281,380,191,217]" name="Ecuador" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
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, and
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2489BDD0FE1ADEFD1ACFA3D8" box="[442,496,191,217]" name="Peru" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Peru</collectingCountry>
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at 735(200–1500) m elevation in lowland or montane rainforest (
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<figureCitation id="EADA2A692489BDD0FB4FDEFD1E78A3D8" box="[1263,1351,191,217]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="150.[151,255,1990,2013]" captionTargetBox="[170,1423,960,1973]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,942,1990]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 41. Distribution maps of Geonoma triandra, G. triglochin, G. trigona, and G. umbraculiformis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3538445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3538445/files/figure.png" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="725E36EC2489BDD0FF66DEA41A97A277" blockId="151.[151,1437,152,923]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FF66DEA41AFDA201" bold="true" box="[198,450,230,256]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Taxonomic notes:—</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2489BDD0FE62DEA4198DA201" authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" box="[450,690,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triglochin">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FE62DEA4198DA201" box="[450,690,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Geonoma triglochin</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a member of the
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2489BDD0FC0BDEA41F51A201" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1823" box="[939,1134,230,256]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macrostachys">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FC0BDEA41F51A201" box="[939,1134,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">G. macrostachys</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade, within which it is closely related to
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2489BDD0FEC5DF4F1AC5A226" authorityName="de Granville" authorityYear="1975" box="[357,506,269,295]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oldemanii">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FEC5DF4F1AC5A226" box="[357,506,269,295]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">G. oldemanii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2489BDD0FD93DF4F1828A226" authorityName="Wessels Boer" authorityYear="1965" box="[563,791,269,295]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="umbraculiformis">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FD93DF4F1828A226" box="[563,791,269,295]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">G. umbraculiformis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It differs from the first in its prophylls and peduncular bracts which are not ribbed with elongate, unbranched fibers; and from the second in its fruit surfaces which do not split at maturity.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="725E36EC2489BDD0FF66DFC11AA0A160" blockId="151.[151,1437,152,923]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FF66DFC11AC9A29C" bold="true" box="[198,502,387,413]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Subspecific variation:—</emphasis>
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No traits except for leaf division vary within this species. There is geographic discontinuity, and specimens come from three areas, one in
|
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2489BDD0FCEEDFE8188FA2C5" box="[846,944,426,452]" name="Ecuador" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjacent
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2489BDD0FBF0DFE81FFBA2C5" box="[1104,1220,426,452]" name="Colombia" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2489BDD0FB5CDFE81E0AA2C5" box="[1276,1333,426,452]" name="Peru" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and two in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2489BDD0FE8ADF931A59A2EA" box="[298,358,465,491]" name="Peru" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
. However, there are too few specimens to test for differences. There is an isolated, low elevation population in Amazonian
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2489BDD0FD9ADFBB19A3A112" box="[570,668,505,531]" name="Ecuador" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
that differs significantly from other populations in nine variables. However, it is not known if the gap between this population and other, sub-Andean ones is an artifact of insufficient collecting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="725E36EC2489BDD0FF66DC2C1A35A09A" blockId="151.[151,1437,152,923]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
|
||
There is geographical variation in this species. Regression shows there are significant associations between elevation and nine leaf and four inflorescence variables. Squared multiple
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FB2BDCD51FA1A1B1" box="[1163,1182,663,688]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">R</emphasis>
|
||
for the regression of sheath length on elevation is 0.75, rachis length 0.63, rachis width 0.36, basal pinna length 0.70, basal pinna width 0.82, basal pinna angle 0.22, apical pinna length 0.57, apical pinna width 0.33, apical pinna angle 0.51, peduncle width 0.18, rachilla length 0.48, fruit length 0.43, and fruit diameter 0.56. In particular, with increasing elevation there is a change in leaf shape, with pinnae becoming shorter and narrower with wider angles. For inflorescences, peduncles become narrower, rachillae shorter, and fruits smaller with increasing elevation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |