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<document id="07A3D2B6574A75BB3FA3A28BE90C365C" ID-CLB-Dataset="24911" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.17.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="65962ba7-eec1-40e7-aed6-cef94e99ca39" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3538362" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573511149647" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Henderson, Andrew" docDate="2011" docId="FA4887FA2489BDDFFF37DDB419C3A15D" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.17.1.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 17" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.3:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Geonoma trigona Gentry 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="153" masterDocId="0671FF82241EBD47FFA0DE421B3FA301" masterDocTitle="A revision of Geonoma (Arecaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="271" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="152" updateTime="1698765326825" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D9C02B0A807DA1B036B27FFECE4AE3FB">A revision of Geonoma (Arecaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6831C62D03F1DC03C2AF1D6E9F521EA2">Henderson, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="68D3D5D1B2C6B62BE2938E1CB01259B2">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F12E4D86A8A94A11DFA054593F8225D2">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="64B6FCB1A83052D3A33724DC79C045AA">17</mods:number>
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<treatment id="FA4887FA2489BDDFFF37DDB419C3A15D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5609196" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160342391" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5609196" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA4887FA2489BDDFFF37DDB419C3A15D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA4887FA2489BDDFFF37DDB419C3A15D" lastPageId="152" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<subSubSection id="3AFB65672489BDD0FF37DDB41E50A75F" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="725E36EC2489BDD0FF37DDB41E50A75F" blockId="151.[151,1436,1013,1119]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FF37DDB41B83A711" bold="true" box="[151,188,1014,1040]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">65.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2489BDD0FF64DDB7186EA711" ID-CoL="6KBPY" authority="(Ruiz &amp; Pavon) Gentry (1986: 161)" authorityName="Gentry" authorityPageNumber="161" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" box="[196,849,1013,1040]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trigona">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FF64DDB71AA4A70E" bold="true" box="[196,411,1013,1039]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Geonoma trigona</emphasis>
(Ruíz &amp; Pavón)
<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D2489BDD0FDC8DDB4186EA711" author="Gentry, A." box="[616,849,1014,1040]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="158 - 165" part="73" refId="ref122301" refString="Gentry, A. (1986) Notes on Peruvian palms. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73: 158 - 165." title="Notes on Peruvian palms" type="journal article" year="1986">Gentry (1986: 161)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2489BDD0FCFDDDB41EA7A711" authority="Ruiz &amp; Pavon (1798: 293)" authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" authorityPageNumber="293" authorityYear="1798" box="[861,1432,1014,1040]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Carludovica" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trigona">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FCFDDDB41F6FA711" box="[861,1104,1014,1040]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Carludovica trigona</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D2489BDD0FBF8DDB41EA7A711" author="Ruiz, H. &amp; Pavon, J." box="[1112,1432,1014,1040]" journalOrPublisher="Typis Gabrielis de Sancha" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 455" refId="ref124172" refString="Ruiz, H. &amp; Pavon, J. (1798) Systema Vegetabilium Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis. Typis Gabrielis de Sancha, pp. 1 - 455." title="Systema Vegetabilium Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis" type="book chapter" year="1798">Ruíz &amp; Pavón (1798: 293)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2489BDD0FF37DA5F1813A736" authority="(Ruiz &amp; Pavon) Persoon (1807: 576)" authorityName="Persoon" authorityPageNumber="576" authorityYear="1807" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" box="[151,812,1053,1080]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" genus="Ludovia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trigona">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FF37DA5F1A63A739" box="[151,348,1053,1080]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Ludovia trigona</emphasis>
(Ruíz &amp; Pavón)
<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D2489BDD0FD8EDA5F1813A736" author="Persoon, C." box="[558,812,1053,1079]" journalOrPublisher="Parisiis Lutetiorum, C. F. Cramerum" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="1 - 657" refId="ref123767" refString="Persoon, C. (1807) Synopsis plantarum. Parisiis Lutetiorum, C. F. Cramerum, pp. 1 - 657." title="Synopsis plantarum" type="book chapter" year="1807">Persoon (1807: 576)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2489BDD0FC98DA5F1BEFA75F" authority="(Ruiz &amp; Pavon) Willdenow (1811: 401)" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityPageNumber="401" authorityYear="1811" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Salmia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trigona">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FC98DA5F18D1A739" box="[824,1006,1053,1080]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Salmia trigona</emphasis>
(Ruíz &amp; Pavón)
<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D2489BDD0FB61DA5F1BEFA75F" author="Willdenow, C." pageId="151" pageNumber="152" pagination="396 - 402" refId="ref125017" refString="Willdenow, C. (1811) Beschreibung einiger Pflanzengattungen. Der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin Magazin fur die Neuesten Entdeckungen in der Gesammten Naturkunde 5: 396 - 402." type="journal article" year="1811">Willdenow (1811: 401)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Type:
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2489BDD0FE85DA061A4BA75F" box="[293,372,1092,1118]" name="Peru" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">PERU</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="B025F80E2489BDD0FEDEDA061AD3A75F" box="[382,492,1092,1118]" country="Peru" name="Huanuco" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Huánuco</collectingRegion>
: no locality, no date,
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FD45DA041844A75E" box="[741,891,1092,1119]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">J. Pavón s.n.</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="AD5A884E2489BDD0FC2ADA0618CDA75F" box="[906,1010,1092,1118]" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
MA, destroyed, isotype FI
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FA96DA041E61A75E" box="[1334,1374,1094,1119]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">n.v.</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AFB65672489BDDFFF37DAD118C9A3D8" lastPageId="152" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" type="description">
<paragraph id="725E36EC2489BDDFFF37DAD118C9A3D8" blockId="151.[151,1437,1171,2020]" lastBlockId="152.[151,1437,152,604]" lastPageId="152" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FF37DAD11BDBA7AC" box="[151,228,1171,1197]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Plants</emphasis>
2.9(1.54.0) m tall; stems 3.0 m tall, in diameter no data, solitary; internodes no data.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FAA3DAD61E69A7AC" box="[1283,1366,1172,1197]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Leaves</emphasis>
6 per stem, undivided, plicate, bases of blades running diagonally into the rachis; sheaths 17.9(15.020.7) cm long; petioles 7.1(3.09.0) cm long, drying green or yellowish; rachis 18.3(11.732.0) cm long, 6.3(4.97.6) mm, in diameter; veins raised and rectangular in cross-section adaxially; pinnae 1 per side of rachis; basal pinna length and width not applicable, forming an angle of 17(1027)° with the rachis; apical pinna 22.9(18.026.0) cm long, width not applicable, forming an angle of 17(1123)° with the rachis.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FBEADB151FCCA670" box="[1098,1267,1367,1393]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">Inflorescences</emphasis>
branched 12 orders; prophylls and peduncular bracts not ribbed with elongate, unbranched fibers, flattened (if tubular, narrow, and elongate then not ribbed), deciduous or persistent; prophylls 36.2(27.543.0) cm long, not short and asymmetrically apiculate, the surfaces not ridged, without unequally wide ridges; peduncular bracts 27.0 cm long, well-developed, inserted
<quantity id="B5199B092489BDD0FD91DBB619AEA50F" box="[561,657,1524,1550]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8699999999999999" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" unit="cm" value="18.7">18.7 cm</quantity>
above the prophyll; peduncles 46.4(38.061.0) cm long, 7.4(6.4 8.7) mm in diameter; rachillae 10(911), 14.2(11.319.4) cm long, 5.0(4.05.6) mm in diameter, the surfaces without spiky, fibrous projections or ridges, drying brown or yellow-brown, without short, transverse ridges, not filiform and not narrowed between the flower pits; flower pits spirally arranged, glabrous internally; proximal lips apiculate and lobed before anthesis, tearing in the center after anthesis, not recurved after anthesis, not hood-shaped; proximal and distal lips drying the same color as the rachillae, not joined to form a raised cupule, the proximal lip margins overlapping the distal lip margins; distal lips absent; staminate and pistillate petals not emergent, not valvate throughout; staminate flowers deciduous after anthesis; stamens 6; thecae diverging at anthesis, inserted almost directly onto the filament apices, the connectives bifid but scarcely developed; anthers short and curled over at anthesis; non-fertilized pistillate flowers persistent after anthesis; staminodial tubes crenulate or shallowly lobed at the apex, those of non-fertilized pistillate flowers not projecting and persistent after anthesis;
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2489BDD0FD67D9E11834A4BC" box="[711,779,1955,1981]" italics="true" pageId="151" pageNumber="152">fruits</emphasis>
9.0 mm long,
<quantity id="B5199B092489BDD0FC67D9E11F17A4BC" box="[967,1064,1955,1981]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="151" pageNumber="152" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
in diameter, the bases with a prominent, asymmetric stipe, the apices not conical, the surfaces not splitting at maturity, without fibers emerging, bumpy from the numerous, subepidermal, tangential, short fibers present, these coming to a point at fruit apices; locular epidermis without operculum, smooth, without pores.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AFB65672486BDDFFF66DEA419C3A15D" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="725E36EC2486BDDFFF66DEA41FABA226" blockId="152.[151,1437,152,604]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2486BDDFFF66DEA41916A201" bold="true" box="[198,553,230,256]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Distribution and habitat:—</emphasis>
From 3°27
<geoCoordinate id="17D5502B2486BDDFFD66DEA4181CA201" box="[710,803,230,256]" degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" precision="925" value="-11.583333">11°35S</geoCoordinate>
and 75°37
<geoCoordinate id="17D5502B2486BDDFFC64DEA41F0EA201" box="[964,1073,230,256]" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" precision="925" value="-78.36667">78°22W</geoCoordinate>
on eastern Andean slopes in
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2486BDDFFF37DF4F1BC6A226" box="[151,249,269,295]" name="Ecuador" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2486BDDFFE91DF4F1A58A226" box="[305,359,269,295]" name="Peru" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Peru</collectingCountry>
at 2698(20903000) m elevation in pajonal or dwarf forest (
<figureCitation id="EADA2A692486BDDFFB8FDF4F1FB9A226" box="[1071,1158,269,295]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="150.[151,255,1990,2013]" captionTargetBox="[170,1423,960,1973]" captionTargetId="figure@150.[151,1436,942,1990]" captionTargetPageId="150" captionText="FIGURE 41. Distribution maps of Geonoma triandra, G. triglochin, G. trigona, and G. umbraculiformis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3538445" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3538445/files/figure.png" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Fig. 41</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725E36EC2486BDDFFF66DF761E15A2C0" blockId="152.[151,1437,152,604]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2486BDDFFF66DF761AFFA24F" bold="true" box="[198,448,308,334]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Taxonomic notes:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2486BDDFFE60DF7619AFA24F" authorityName="Gentry" authorityYear="1986" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" box="[448,656,308,334]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trigona">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2486BDDFFE60DF7619AFA24F" box="[448,656,308,334]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Geonoma trigona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of a group of high elevation, Andean species (the
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2486BDDFFA23DF761BD6A275" authorityName="Klotzsch" authorityYear="1847" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undata">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2486BDDFFA23DF761BD6A275" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">G. undata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade, also including
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2486BDDFFE4ADF181F39A275" box="[490,1030,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2486BDDFFE4ADF1819BCA275" authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" box="[490,643,346,372]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lehmannii">G. lehmannii</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2486BDDFFD2FDF181806A275" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1843" box="[655,825,346,372]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="orbignyana">G. orbignyana</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2486BDDFFCE5DF181F3DA275" authorityName="Grayum" authorityYear="1998" box="[837,1026,346,372]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="talamancana">G. talamancana</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2486BDDFFBE0DF181F8DA275" authorityName="Klotzsch" authorityYear="1847" box="[1088,1202,346,372]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undata">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2486BDDFFBE0DF181F8DA275" box="[1088,1202,346,372]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">G. undata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). It is distinguished by its absent distal lips of the flower pits. The species is also notable for its strongly plicate leaves. In fact, it was first placed in the
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2486BDDFFE3FDFE51975A2C0" box="[415,586,423,449]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyclanthaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyclanthaceae</taxonomicName>
and was only recently transferred to
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2486BDDFFC5DDFE51E18A2C0" authority="(Gentry, 1986)" baseAuthorityName="Gentry" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[1021,1319,423,449]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2486BDDFFC5DDFE51F50A2C0" box="[1021,1135,423,449]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Geonoma</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D2486BDDFFBDFDFE51E22A2C0" author="Gentry, A." box="[1151,1309,423,449]" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" pagination="158 - 165" part="73" refId="ref122301" refString="Gentry, A. (1986) Notes on Peruvian palms. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 73: 158 - 165." title="Notes on Peruvian palms" type="journal article" year="1986">Gentry, 1986</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725E36EC2486BDDFFF66DF8C19C3A15D" blockId="152.[151,1437,152,604]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2486BDDFFF66DF8C1AC3A2E9" bold="true" box="[198,508,462,488]" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Subspecific variation:—</emphasis>
No traits vary within this species. There is geographic discontinuity and specimens come from two areas on the eastern slopes of the Andes—southern
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2486BDDFFBF9DFB71FFFA10E" box="[1113,1216,501,527]" name="Ecuador" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, and central
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2486BDDFFAFDDFB71EA6A10E" box="[1373,1433,501,527]" name="Peru" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Peru</collectingCountry>
. There are too few specimens to test for differences between these two areas. See under
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2486BDDFFB6ADC5E1A06A15D" authority="subsp. undata" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="undata" subSpecies="undata">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2486BDDFFB6ADC5E1EA3A137" box="[1226,1436,540,566]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">Geonoma undata</emphasis>
subsp.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2486BDDFFF48DC001A06A15D" box="[232,313,578,604]" italics="true" pageId="152" pageNumber="153">undata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for possible hybrids with that species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>