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<document id="BA5FA7C7D7395ACE4ACD2A0F9E9E220E" ID-CLB-Dataset="24911" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.17.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="65962ba7-eec1-40e7-aed6-cef94e99ca39" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3538362" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573511149647" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Henderson, Andrew" docDate="2011" docId="FA4887FA246ABD31FF37DA911EA3A171" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.17.1.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 17" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.3:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Geonoma pinnatifrons Willdenow 1805" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="0671FF82241EBD47FFA0DE421B3FA301" masterDocTitle="A revision of Geonoma (Arecaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="271" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="117" updateTime="1698765326825" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="65359C524D4FDE6AFF64FEAA205B6BE9">A revision of Geonoma (Arecaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24F7A1734982DC4C19FC37552C52E3F9">Henderson, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="25DCFAE5D46E37055D823F02977A67C9">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7A6E3A5E894E88F21E9ED58440A00B48">
<mods:date id="5D8845258FD1EF52C8418B3C1BE4F0C2">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="74D62866AC70E449C9627CC7B7920BA7">2011-02-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5191ABAC1DE4C82035433185C0741E0F">17</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="209BF04F79102945F1956D9AD8B1BB31">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F6F41B64CAA0542B88C9C65187840588" type="CLB-Dataset">24911</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D1FD89CA6FD535B5282C0CBCDF129F19" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.17.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FA4887FA246ABD31FF37DA911EA3A171" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5609100" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160342438" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5609100" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA4887FA246ABD31FF37DA911EA3A171" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA4887FA246ABD31FF37DA911EA3A171" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
<subSubSection id="3AFB6567246ABD33FF37DA911848A612" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="725E36EC246ABD33FF37DA911848A612" blockId="116.[151,1433,1233,1299]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246ABD33FF37DA911B83A7EC" bold="true" box="[151,188,1235,1261]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">49.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246ABD33FF64DA9019C8A7EC" ID-CoL="3FQNX" authority="Willdenow (1805: 593)" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityPageNumber="593" authorityYear="1805" box="[196,759,1233,1261]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifrons">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246ABD33FF64DA901AE8A7EA" bold="true" box="[196,471,1233,1260]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Geonoma pinnatifrons</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D246ABD33FE7FDA9119C8A7EC" author="Willdenow, C." box="[479,759,1235,1261]" journalOrPublisher="G. C. Nauk, Berlin, Germany" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" pagination="1 - 629" refId="ref124951" refString="Willdenow, C. (1805) Species Plantarum. Vol. 4, part 1. G. C. Nauk, Berlin, Germany, pp. 1 - 629." title="Species Plantarum" type="book chapter" year="1805">Willdenow (1805: 593)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. Type:
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246ABD33FCEDDA911F3FA7EC" box="[845,1024,1235,1261]" name="Venezuela" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">VENEZUELA</collectingCountry>
. &quot;Caracas, Buenavista&quot;, no date,
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246ABD33FA26DA961A78A612" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">F. Bredemeyer 20</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="AD5A884E246ABD33FEF7DABB1A80A612" box="[343,447,1273,1299]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
B
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246ABD33FE42DAB81935A612" box="[482,522,1274,1299]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">n.v.</emphasis>
,
<typeStatus id="AD5A884E246ABD33FDB8DABB1940A612" box="[536,639,1273,1299]" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
image!, isotype M!).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AFB6567246ABD32FF37DB041AB7A6FA" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="116" pageNumber="117" type="description">
<paragraph id="725E36EC246ABD32FF37DB041E53A135" blockId="116.[151,1437,1350,2034]" lastBlockId="117.[151,1438,152,1531]" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="118" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246ABD33FF37DB041BDCA661" box="[151,227,1350,1376]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Plants</emphasis>
3.3(1.0–8.0) m tall; stems 2.6(0.1–6.0) m tall, 2.1(1.2–3.2) cm in diameter, solitary or clustered, not cane-like or cane-like; internodes 1.1(0.3–2.5) cm long, yellowish and smooth.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246ABD33FBFBDB2C1F91A686" box="[1115,1198,1390,1415]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Leaves</emphasis>
12(6–23) per stem, irregularly pinnate, not plicate, bases of blades running diagonally into the rachis; sheaths 32.5(13.0–63.0) cm long; petioles 54.9(10.0–125.0) cm long, drying green or yellowish; rachis 89.1(36.0–163.0) cm long, 6.6(1.9–14.5) mm in diameter; veins raised and rectangular in cross-section adaxially; pinnae 9(2–39) per side of rachis; basal pinna 42.3(21.5–65.0) cm long, 4.7(0.5–22.5) cm wide, forming an angle of 47(20–70)° with the rachis; apical pinna 33.6(16.0–61.0) cm long, 17.3(3.5–44.5) cm wide, forming an angle of 29(21–37)° with the rachis.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246ABD33FEF0D8171AC7A56E" box="[336,504,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="117">Inflorescences</emphasis>
branched 1–4 orders; prophylls and peduncular bracts not ribbed with elongate, unbranched fibers, flattened (if tubular, narrow, and elongate then not ribbed), deciduous or persistent; prophylls 15.6(7.0–25.0) cm long, not short and asymmetrically apiculate, the surfaces ridged and densely tomentose with widely to closely spaced ridges, unequally wide, often dividing from and rejoining other ridges, the prophyll margins with irregular, spine-like projections, the prophylls usually splitting irregularly between the ridges; peduncular bracts 16.8(10.0–27.5) cm long, well-developed, inserted 2.6(0.6–7.4) cm above the prophyll; peduncles 24.2(10.0–42.0) cm long, 8.1(2.4–21.2) mm in diameter; rachillae 18(4–45), 14.2(7.0–28.3) cm long, 2.3(1.1–3.8) mm in diameter, the surfaces without spiky, fibrous projections or ridges, drying brown, with faint to pronounced, short, transverse ridges, not filiform and not narrowed between the flower pits; flower pits spirally arranged, densely hairy internally proximally and distally; proximal lips without a central notch before anthesis, not recurved after anthesis, hood-shaped at anthesis, sometimes splitting post-anthesis; proximal and distal lips drying the same color as the rachillae, not joined to form a raised cupule, the proximal lip margins overlapping the distal lip margins; proximal lips hood-shaped; distal lips absent; staminate and pistillate petals not emergent, not valvate throughout; staminate flowers deciduous after anthesis; stamens 6; thecae diverging at anthesis, inserted almost directly onto the filament apices, the connectives bifid but scarcely developed; anthers short and curled over at anthesis; non-fertilized pistillate flowers persistent or deciduous after anthesis; staminodial tubes crenulate or shallowly lobed at the apex, those of non-fertilized pistillate flowers not projecting and persistent after anthesis;
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FB64DFC21E3CA29B" box="[1220,1283,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">fruits</emphasis>
6.2(3.6–9.3) mm long, 4.8(3.5–7.0) mm in diameter, the bases without a prominent stipe, the apices not conical, the surfaces not splitting at maturity, without fibers emerging, bumpy from the numerous, subepidermal, tangential, short fibers present, these coming to a point at fruit apices; locular epidermis without operculum, smooth or locular epidermis sculpted and then usually also with a raised, meridional ridge, without pores.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725E36EC246BBD32FF66DC0319B0A091" blockId="117.[151,1438,152,1531]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FF66DC031A80A15A" bold="true" box="[198,447,577,603]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Taxonomic notes:—</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FE1FDC0319F9A15A" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1805" box="[447,710,577,603]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifrons">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FE1FDC0319F9A15A" box="[447,710,577,603]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Geonoma pinnatifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a member of a group of related species characterized by its lack of a distal lip of the flower pit and flower pits hairy internally. This group, the
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FBDDDC2A1E29A183" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" box="[1149,1302,616,642]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FBDDDC2A1E29A183" box="[1149,1302,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">G. interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
clade, also includes
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FEA0DCCC19CCA1A8" box="[256,755,654,681]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FEA0DCCC1AB1A1A9" authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" box="[256,398,654,680]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="euspatha">G. euspatha</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FE3ADCCC1978A1A9" authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" box="[410,583,654,680]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frontinensis">G. frontinensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FDF3DCCC19D1A1A8" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" box="[595,750,654,681]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">G. interrupta</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FC8CDCCC18DAA1A9" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1805" box="[812,997,654,680]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplicifrons">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FC8CDCCC18DAA1A9" box="[812,997,654,680]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">G. simplicifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. These species have had a checkered taxonomic history.
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FED9DCF719BFA1CE" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1805" box="[377,640,693,719]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifrons">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FED9DCF719BFA1CE" box="[377,640,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Geonoma pinnatifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was included under
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FCD4DCF71F35A1CE" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" box="[884,1034,693,719]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FCD4DCF71F35A1CE" box="[884,1034,693,719]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">G. interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D246BBD32FB98DCF71E10A1CE" author="Wessels Boer, J." box="[1080,1327,693,719]" journalOrPublisher="E. J. Bril, Leiden" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 172" refId="ref124782" refString="Wessels Boer, J. (1965) Flora of Suriname. Palmae. E. J. Bril, Leiden, pp. 1 - 172." title="Flora of Suriname. Palmae" type="book chapter" year="1965">Wessels Boer (1965)</bibRefCitation>
, but later reinstated (
<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D246BBD32FEB9DC9E1937A1F7" author="Wessels Boer, J." box="[281,520,732,758]" journalOrPublisher="Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde. Tweede Sectie" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 202" part="58" refId="ref124810" refString="Wessels Boer, J. (1968) The geonomoid palms. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde. Tweede Sectie 58: 1 - 202." title="The geonomoid palms" type="journal article" year="1968">Wessels Boer, 1968</bibRefCitation>
). Both species are complicated internally.
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FC5DDC9E1E38A1F7" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1805" box="[1021,1287,732,758]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifrons">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FC5DDC9E1E38A1F7" box="[1021,1287,732,758]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Geonoma pinnatifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FF37DD401ACBA01D" box="[151,500,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FF37DD401A13A01D" authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" box="[151,300,770,796]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="euspatha">G. euspatha</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FE99DD401ACFA01D" authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" box="[313,496,770,796]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frontinensis">G. frontinensis</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FD92DD4019CAA01D" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1805" box="[562,757,770,796]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplicifrons">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FD92DD4019CAA01D" box="[562,757,770,796]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">G. simplicifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its prophylls surfaces which are ridged and densely tomentose with widely to closely spaced ridges, unequally wide, often dividing from and rejoining other ridges; and from
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FEFFDD121ACBA06B" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" box="[351,500,848,874]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FEFFDD121ACBA06B" box="[351,500,848,874]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">G. interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its flower pits which are densely hairy internally proximally and distally (see also Taxonomic notes under
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FE47DD341942A090" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pavon" box="[487,637,886,913]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FE47DD341942A090" box="[487,637,886,913]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">G. interrupta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725E36EC246BBD32FF66DDDF1AB7A6FA" blockId="117.[151,1438,152,1531]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FF66DDDF1AC2A0B6" bold="true" box="[198,509,925,951]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Subspecific variation:—</emphasis>
Three traits vary within this species (stem branching, stem
<typeStatus id="AD5A884E246BBD32FAA1DDDF1E09A0B6" box="[1281,1334,925,951]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">type</typeStatus>
, locular epidermis sculpting). There are few data for any of these traits. The species occurs widely in Central America and northern South America. Six peripherally isolated areas (Lesser Antilles;
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FB89DDA81FAFA705" box="[1065,1168,1002,1028]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FB3CDDA81FC8A705" box="[1180,1271,1002,1028]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Tobago</collectingCountry>
, and the Paria Peninsula of
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FE93DA531A8FA72A" box="[307,432,1041,1067]" name="Venezuela" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
; Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FCEADA5318FCA72A" box="[842,963,1041,1067]" name="Colombia" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Colombia</collectingCountry>
; Hispaniola; Pacific coast of
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FABFDA531EA7A72A" box="[1311,1432,1041,1067]" name="Colombia" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Colombia</collectingCountry>
; Pacific coast of
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FEC4DA7A1AFCA753" box="[356,451,1080,1106]" name="Mexico" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FDA2DA7A19B4A753" box="[514,651,1080,1106]" name="Guatemala" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
) contain subgroups that differ significantly from their nearest neighbors in four to ten variables, and these are recognized as subspecies (subspp.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FB02DA22182DA79E" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FB02DA221E73A778" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1843" box="[1186,1356,1120,1145]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="martinicensis">martinicensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FAF9DA221EA7A778" authorityName="Grisebach &amp; Wendland in Grisebach" authorityYear="1864" box="[1369,1432,1120,1145]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vaga">vaga</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FF37DAC71A0DA79E" authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,306,1157,1183]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="platybothros">platybothros</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FE9FDAC51A8DA7A1" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1843" box="[319,434,1159,1184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oxycarpa">oxycarpa</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FE1FDAC51964A7A1" authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" box="[447,603,1159,1184]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramosissima">ramosissima</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FDC8DAC7182DA79E" authorityName="Wendland ex Spruce" authorityYear="1871" box="[616,786,1157,1183]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="membranacea">membranacea</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
). The remaining specimens can be divided into three subgroups based on geography and rachis and peduncle width—northern South America (
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FAB1DAEE1EA6A7C7" box="[1297,1433,1196,1222]" name="Venezuela" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FF37DA911A2AA7EC" box="[151,277,1235,1261]" name="Colombia" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FEF8DA911AFDA7EC" box="[344,450,1235,1261]" name="Ecuador" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, and just reaching
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FD11DA911826A7EC" box="[689,793,1235,1261]" name="Panama" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Panama</collectingCountry>
); eastern
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FC32DA9118C7A7EC" box="[914,1016,1235,1261]" name="Panama" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Panama</collectingCountry>
; and the rest of Central America. However, there is not complete geographic separation between these. ANOVA shows that for pairwise comparison probabilities, 17 variables (plant height, stem height, leaf number, petiole length, rachis length, rachis width, number of pinnae, basal pinna length, basal pinna width, apical pinna length, apical pinna width, prophyll length, interbract distance, peduncle length, peduncle width, rachilla length, fruit diameter) differ significantly (
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FE9DDBD71A70A6AF" box="[317,335,1429,1454]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">P</emphasis>
&lt;0.05) between one pair of subgroups, although no variables differs amongst all subgroups. Based on this and geographic disjunction, these subgroups are recognized as subspecies (subspp.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FAA6DBF91A48A6FA" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FAA6DBF91EA8A6D4" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1805" box="[1286,1431,1467,1493]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifrons">pinnatifrons</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FF37DBA31BC3A6FA" authorityName="Orsted" authorityYear="1859" box="[151,252,1505,1531]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="binervia">binervia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FEA7DBA01A48A6FA" authorityName="Liebman ex Martius" authorityYear="1853" box="[263,375,1506,1531]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mexicana">mexicana</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AFB6567246BBD31FF37D86C1EA3A171" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" type="key">
<paragraph id="725E36EC246BBD32FF37D86C19E4A546" blockId="117.[151,731,1581,1608]" box="[151,731,1581,1608]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<heading id="29168180246BBD32FF37D86C19E4A546" bold="true" box="[151,731,1581,1608]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" reason="2">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FF37D86C19E4A546" bold="true" box="[151,731,1581,1608]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
Key to the subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FE68D86C19E4A546" ID-CoL="3FQNX" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1805" box="[456,731,1581,1608]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifrons">
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FE68D86C19E4A546" bold="true" box="[456,731,1581,1608]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Geonoma pinnatifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<key id="067061DD246BBD31FF37D83E1EA3A171" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<keyStep id="C9152E49246BBD32FF37D83E1EA4A5D2" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<paragraph id="725E36EC246BBD32FF37D83E1EA4A5B5" blockId="117.[151,1436,1660,2035]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="C91095D9246BBD32FF37D83E1EA4A5B5" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
1 Rachillae 1.6(1.1–2.3) mm in diameter; Pacific Coast and western slope of the Western Cordillera in
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FB5ED83E1E58A592" box="[1278,1383,1660,1683]" name="Colombia" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Colombia</collectingCountry>
....... .........................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FB71D8DE1EA4A5B5" ID-CoL="5HFX6" box="[1233,1435,1692,1716]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pinnatifrons" subSpecies="ramosissima">
subsp.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FAB5D8DF1EA4A5B5" box="[1301,1435,1693,1716]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">ramosissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725E36EC246BBD32FF37D8FE1EA4A5D2" blockId="117.[151,1436,1660,2035]" box="[151,1435,1724,1747]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="C91095D9246BBD32FF37D8FE1EA4A5D2" box="[151,1435,1724,1747]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">- Rachillae 2.3(1.1–3.8) mm in diameter; widespread .................................................................................................... 2</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C9152E49246BBD32FF37D89E1EA4A432" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<paragraph id="725E36EC246BBD32FF37D89E1EA4A412" blockId="117.[151,1436,1660,2035]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="C91095D9246BBD32FF37D89E1EA4A412" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
2 Peduncles 13.0(9.3–20.2) mm in diameter; eastern
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FD48D89E1803A5F2" box="[744,828,1756,1779]" name="Panama" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Panama</collectingCountry>
and adjacent
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FC6FD89E1F07A5F2" box="[975,1080,1756,1779]" name="Colombia" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Colombia</collectingCountry>
with outliers in western
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FAE1D89E1EA7A5F2" box="[1345,1432,1756,1779]" name="Panama" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Panama</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FF67D8BE1A02A412" box="[199,317,1788,1811]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FEE8D8BE1A89A412" box="[328,438,1788,1811]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FE4AD8BE1961A412" box="[490,606,1788,1811]" name="Guatemala" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
...................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FB5FD8BE1EA4A412" ID-CoL="5HFWX" box="[1279,1435,1788,1811]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pinnatifrons" subSpecies="binervia">
subsp.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FAE3D8BE1EA4A412" box="[1347,1435,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">binervia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725E36EC246BBD32FF37D95E1EA4A432" blockId="117.[151,1436,1660,2035]" box="[151,1435,1820,1843]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="C91095D9246BBD32FF37D95E1EA4A432" box="[151,1435,1820,1843]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">- Peduncles 8.2(2.4–20.2) mm in diameter; widespread ................................................................................................. 3</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C9152E49246BBD32FF37D97E1EA3A492" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<paragraph id="725E36EC246BBD32FF37D97E1EA3A472" blockId="117.[151,1436,1660,2035]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="C91095D9246BBD32FF37D97E1EA3A472" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
3 Peduncles 16.5(13.6–18.8) cm long; fruits 8.5(7.4–9.3) mm long, 6.3(5.2–7.0) mm in diameter; Pacific coast of
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FF67D91E1A26A472" box="[199,281,1884,1907]" name="Mexico" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FEECD91E1A80A472" box="[332,447,1884,1907]" name="Guatemala" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
.................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FB1BD91E1EA3A472" ID-CoL="5HFWZ" box="[1211,1436,1884,1907]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pinnatifrons" subSpecies="membranacea">
subsp.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FAA5D91E1EA3A472" box="[1285,1436,1884,1907]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">membranacea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725E36EC246BBD32FF37D93E1EA3A492" blockId="117.[151,1436,1660,2035]" box="[151,1436,1916,1939]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="C91095D9246BBD32FF37D93E1EA3A492" box="[151,1436,1916,1939]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">- Peduncles 25.9(11.0–41.0) cm long; fruits 6.2(4.4–8.8) mm long, 4.8(3.6–6.3) mm in diameter; widespread........... 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C9152E49246BBD31FF37D9DE1EA3A3AE" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<paragraph id="725E36EC246BBD32FF37D9DE1EA3A4D2" blockId="117.[151,1436,1660,2035]" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="C91095D9246BBD32FF37D9DE1EA3A4D2" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
4 Pinnae 11(3–39) per side of rachis;
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FDE4D9DE198FA4B2" box="[580,688,1948,1971]" name="Colombia" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FD1AD9DE1814A4B2" box="[698,811,1948,1971]" name="Venezuela" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FCC3D9DE1881A4B2" box="[867,958,1948,1971]" name="Ecuador" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
, and just reaching eastern
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FB76D9DE1E15A4B2" box="[1238,1322,1948,1971]" name="Panama" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Panama</collectingCountry>
................ ..........................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F246BBD32FB76D9FE1EA3A4D2" ID-CoL="5HFX4" box="[1238,1436,1980,2003]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pinnatifrons" subSpecies="pinnatifrons">
subsp.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE246BBD32FABBD9FE1EA3A4D2" box="[1307,1436,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">pinnatifrons</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725E36EC246BBD31FF37D99E1EA3A3AE" blockId="117.[151,1436,1660,2035]" lastBlockId="118.[151,1436,152,624]" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
<keyLead id="C91095D9246BBD31FF37D99E1EA3A3AE" lastPageId="118" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">
- Pinnae 4(2–9) per side of rachis; Lesser Antilles, Central America,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C246BBD32FC39D99E1F3DA4F2" box="[921,1026,2012,2035]" name="Colombia" pageId="117" pageNumber="118">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta), Ven- ezuela (Península de Paria),
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FE56DEDA19E8A3AE" box="[502,727,152,175]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FCAEDEDA187BA3AE" box="[782,836,152,175]" name="Haiti" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Haiti</collectingCountry>
...................................................................................... 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C9152E492468BD31FF37DEFA1EA4A22E" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<paragraph id="725E36EC2468BD31FF37DEFA1EA3A3F1" blockId="118.[151,1436,152,624]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="C91095D92468BD31FF37DEFA1EA3A3F1" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
5 Rachillae 18.7(12.2–24.0) cm long; Lesser Antilles (
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FD59DEFA1841A3CE" box="[761,894,184,207]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FC29DEFA18CAA3CE" box="[905,1013,184,207]" name="Dominica" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Dominica</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FC5FDEFA1F47A3CE" box="[1023,1144,184,207]" name="Martinique" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Martinique</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FB10DEFA1E2DA3CE" box="[1200,1298,184,207]" name="Saint Lucia" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
) .................. .......................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2468BD31FB63DE9A1EA3A3F1" ID-CoL="5HFWY" box="[1219,1436,216,240]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pinnatifrons" subSpecies="martinicensis">
subsp.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2468BD31FAACDE9B1EA3A3F1" box="[1292,1436,217,240]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">martinicensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725E36EC2468BD31FF37DEBA1EA4A22E" blockId="118.[151,1436,152,624]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="C91095D92468BD31FF37DEBA1EA4A22E" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
- Rachillae 12.3(7.0–18.9) cm long; Central America,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FD57DEBA185FA20E" box="[759,864,248,271]" name="Colombia" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta),
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FB62DEBA1E0FA20E" box="[1218,1328,248,271]" name="Venezuela" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(Península de Paria),
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FEEEDF5A1911A22E" box="[334,558,280,303]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
, and
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FDC6DF5A19A3A22E" box="[614,668,280,303]" name="Haiti" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Haiti</collectingCountry>
............................................................................................................... 6
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C9152E492468BD31FF37DF7A1EA4A2AE" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<paragraph id="725E36EC2468BD31FF37DF7A1EA3A271" blockId="118.[151,1436,152,624]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="C91095D92468BD31FF37DF7A1EA3A271" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
6 Peduncular bracts inserted 1.5(0.7–2.5) cm above the prophylls;
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FC02DF7A1F2FA24E" box="[930,1040,312,335]" name="Venezuela" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(Península de Paria),
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FAAFDF7A1A29A26E" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
..........................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2468BD31FABEDF1A1EA3A271" ID-CoL="5HFX7" box="[1310,1436,344,368]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pinnatifrons" subSpecies="vaga">
subsp.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2468BD31FAC8DF1B1EA3A271" box="[1384,1436,345,368]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">vaga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725E36EC2468BD31FF37DF3A1EA4A2AE" blockId="118.[151,1436,152,624]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="C91095D92468BD31FF37DF3A1EA4A2AE" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
- Peduncular bracts inserted 3.8(1.8–7.4) cm above the prophylls; Central America, Central America,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FA93DF3A1EA3A28E" box="[1331,1436,376,399]" name="Colombia" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta), and
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FDF3DFDA19B7A2AE" box="[595,648,408,431]" name="Haiti" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Haiti</collectingCountry>
................................................................................................................... 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C9152E492468BD31FF37DFFA1EA4A10E" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<paragraph id="725E36EC2468BD31FF37DFFA1EA3A2CE" blockId="118.[151,1436,152,624]" box="[151,1436,440,463]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="C91095D92468BD31FF37DFFA1EA3A2CE" box="[151,1436,440,463]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
7 Peduncles 4.0(2.8–5.6) mm in diameter;
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FDDBDFFA19DBA2CE" box="[635,740,440,463]" name="Colombia" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta).....................
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2468BD31FB6CDFFA1EA3A2CE" ID-CoL="5HFX5" box="[1228,1436,440,463]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pinnatifrons" subSpecies="platybothros">
subsp.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2468BD31FAB6DFFA1EA3A2CE" box="[1302,1436,440,463]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">platybothros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725E36EC2468BD31FF37DF9A1EA4A10E" blockId="118.[151,1436,152,624]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="C91095D92468BD31FF37DF9A1EA4A10E" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
- Peduncles 7.0(3.8–10.7) mm in diameter; Central America (
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FCCCDF9A18FDA2EE" box="[876,962,472,495]" name="Mexico" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FC71DF9A1F78A2EE" box="[977,1095,472,495]" name="Guatemala" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FBF7DF9A1FA1A2EE" box="[1111,1182,472,495]" name="Belize" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Belize</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FB0EDF9A1E27A2EE" box="[1198,1304,472,495]" name="Honduras" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FA88DF9A1EA7A2EE" box="[1320,1432,472,495]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FF67DFBA1A02A10E" box="[199,317,504,527]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, western
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FE02DFBA1AC7A10E" box="[418,504,504,527]" name="Panama" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Panama</collectingCountry>
) and
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FD93DFBA1956A10E" box="[563,617,504,527]" name="Haiti" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Haiti</collectingCountry>
........................................................................................................................ 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="C9152E492468BD31FF37DC5A1EA3A171" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<paragraph id="725E36EC2468BD31FF37DC5A1EAAA151" blockId="118.[151,1436,152,624]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="C91095D92468BD31FF37DC5A1EAAA151" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
8 Peduncles 28.4(19.0–37.0) cm long; Central America (
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FC89DC5A1840A12E" box="[809,895,536,559]" name="Mexico" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Mexico</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FC2DDC5A1F3BA12E" box="[909,1028,536,559]" name="Guatemala" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FBB2DC5A1F66A12E" box="[1042,1113,536,559]" name="Belize" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Belize</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FBC8DC5A1FEDA12E" box="[1128,1234,536,559]" name="Honduras" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Honduras</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FB41DC5A1E6EA12E" box="[1249,1361,536,559]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FAFFDC5A1BC4A14E" name="Costa Rica" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
, and western
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FE2CDC7A1ADDA14E" box="[396,482,568,591]" name="Panama" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Panama</collectingCountry>
) ..................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2468BD31FB4BDC7A1EAAA151" ID-CoL="5HFX2" box="[1259,1429,568,592]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pinnatifrons" subSpecies="mexicana">
subsp.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2468BD31FA8FDC7B1EAAA151" box="[1327,1429,569,592]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">mexicana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="725E36EC2468BD31FF37DC1A1EA3A171" blockId="118.[151,1436,152,624]" box="[151,1436,600,624]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
<keyLead id="C91095D92468BD31FF37DC1A1EA3A171" box="[151,1436,600,624]" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">
- Peduncles 22.8(19.0–26.5) cm long;
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2468BD31FDF1DC1A19B8A16E" box="[593,647,600,623]" name="Haiti" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">Haiti</collectingCountry>
...........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2468BD31FB4FDC1A1EA3A171" ID-CoL="5HFX3" box="[1263,1436,600,624]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="118" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="pinnatifrons" subSpecies="oxycarpa">
subsp.
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2468BD31FA99DC1B1EA3A171" box="[1337,1436,601,624]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="119">oxycarpa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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