169 lines
19 KiB
XML
169 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="E0046D46F6D600C327336A4BA235CBF4" ID-CLB-Dataset="24911" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.17.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="65962ba7-eec1-40e7-aed6-cef94e99ca39" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3538362" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573511149647" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Henderson, Andrew" docDate="2011" docId="FA4887FA2456BD0EFF37DAC71EA3A7A7" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.17.1.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 17" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.3:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Geonoma ferruginea Wendland ex Spruce 1871" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="0671FF82241EBD47FFA0DE421B3FA301" masterDocTitle="A revision of Geonoma (Arecaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="271" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="73" updateTime="1698765326825" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="5128B4D0C195FCC360B9BD5DD34E3AEF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="66F5A8123A1BC25FC92A835F068B1A87">
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<mods:title id="C17F4F08F73858AEB540C24051D93F7B">A revision of Geonoma (Arecaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="57A23BF9722F00FD8B104A31FCFB2BBD" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E0ABAECFB8041A0DC4BBA07BFC175010">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="AF9AF234FE5DF7C0E5AE498C53D78899">Henderson, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7941F986212AEF68D908CD3E2F3BA790">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="1D6C2AA8FE8540670354C42FA94BDF0E">
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<mods:title id="C426D99330D011531278B2DCE44FE359">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5C1AD81272F9ADDBC0156CAEFA9DE27D">
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<mods:date id="80580AA51A3C881AC5E67C3D102C719A">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8EC65EC4376E9FAAB9A2BF57A64BCFEA">2011-02-18</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="002F803D6534AE9444D5C7B3201B4AAA">17</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="3DFBC08A88367344291136BDB55EE686">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="09B7FC378370CB7A448F82FAF59E73D9" type="CLB-Dataset">24911</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B7CBD04475F15D28CFB3BA62C3E26A23" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.17.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CACDFA0ADD459B7FFC5359910DC6FFD1" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="49760D32FB58EB2FFF012644AC7DD78D" type="Zenodo-Dep">3538362</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FA4887FA2456BD0EFF37DAC71EA3A7A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5608988" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160342457" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5608988" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA4887FA2456BD0EFF37DAC71EA3A7A7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA4887FA2456BD0EFF37DAC71EA3A7A7" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<subSubSection id="3AFB65672456BD0FFF37DAC71968A7C7" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="725E36EC2456BD0FFF37DAC71968A7C7" blockId="72.[151,1435,1156,1222]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2456BD0FFF37DAC71B83A79E" bold="true" box="[151,188,1157,1183]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">22.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2456BD0FFF64DAC6186AA79E" ID-CoL="3FQJZ" authority="Wendland ex Spruce (1871: 110)" authorityName="Wendland ex Spruce" authorityPageNumber="110" authorityYear="1871" box="[196,853,1156,1183]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2456BD0FFF64DAC61AFCA79F" bold="true" box="[196,451,1156,1182]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Geonoma ferruginea</emphasis>
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Wendland ex
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<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D2456BD0FFDCEDAC7186AA79E" author="Spruce R." box="[622,853,1157,1183]" journalOrPublisher="Journal Linnaean Society, Botany" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" pagination="65 - 183" part="11" refId="ref124389" refString="Spruce R. (1871) Palmae Amazonicae. Journal Linnaean Society, Botany 11: 65 - 183." title="Palmae Amazonicae" type="journal article" year="1871">Spruce (1871: 110)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type:
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2456BD0FFC0CDAC71F63A79E" box="[940,1116,1157,1183]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">COSTA RICA</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="B025F80E2456BD0FFBC8DAC71FF5A79E" box="[1128,1226,1157,1183]" country="Costa Rica" name="Heredia" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Heredia</collectingRegion>
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: Sarapiquí valley, 1857,
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2456BD0FFF40DAEF1A97A7C7" box="[224,424,1196,1222]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">H. Wendland s.n.</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="AD5A884E2456BD0FFE17DAEE1920A7C7" box="[439,543,1196,1222]" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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K!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3AFB65672456BD0EFF37DABB19BBA091" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="description">
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<paragraph id="725E36EC2456BD0EFF37DABB18C8A272" blockId="72.[151,1437,1273,2034]" lastBlockId="73.[151,1437,152,912]" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2456BD0FFF37DABB1BDDA612" box="[151,226,1273,1299]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Plants</emphasis>
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2.4(1.0–4.0) m tall; stems 2.2(1.0–5.0) m tall, 1.0(0.5–1.6) cm in diameter, solitary or clustered, canelike; internodes 2.7(0.8–6.2) cm long, yellowish and smooth.
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2456BD0FFC31DB6318D9A63B" box="[913,998,1313,1338]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Leaves</emphasis>
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9 per stem, irregularly pinnate, not plicate, bases of the blades running diagonally into the rachis; sheaths 12.3(7.3–17.3) cm long; petioles 16.5(6.0–45.0) cm long, drying green or yellowish; rachis 30.7(16.5–53.0) cm long, 2.7(1.4–4.7) mm in diameter; veins raised and rectangular in cross-section adaxially; pinnae 4(3–15) per side of rachis; basal pinna 19.2(11.7–28.0) cm long, 2.6(0.5–8.0) cm wide, forming an angle of 65(35–95)° with the rachis; apical pinna 14.8(8.6–23.0) cm long, 9.3(1.4–16.5) cm wide, forming an angle of 36(20–45)° with the rachis.
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2456BD0FFF37D84A1A7CA523" box="[151,323,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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branched 1–3 orders; prophylls and peduncular bracts not ribbed with elongate, unbranched fibers, flattened, deciduous; prophylls 7.5(4.7–12.2) cm long, short, asymmetrically apiculate, the margins curved around the stem, the surfaces flat with dense, felty, brown tomentum, prophyll equal to and early deciduous with the peduncular bract, the surfaces not ridged, without unequally wide ridges; peduncular bracts 7.3(5.3–11.5) cm long, well-developed, inserted 0.3(0.1–0.5) cm above the prophyll; peduncles 6.4(3.7–10.7) cm long, 3.7(1.9–6.8) mm in diameter; rachillae 15(5–38), 8.2(3.8–15.0) cm long, 2.5(1.5–4.0) mm in diameter, the surfaces without spiky, fibrous projections or ridges, drying brown or yellow-brown, without short, transverse ridges, not filiform and not narrowed between the flower pits; flower pits spirally arranged, glabrous internally; proximal lips without a central notch before anthesis, not recurved after anthesis, not hood-shaped; proximal and distal lips drying the same color as the rachillae, not joined to form a raised cupule, the proximal lip margins overlapping the distal lip margins; distal lips well-developed; staminate and pistillate petals not emergent, not valvate throughout; staminate flowers deciduous after anthesis; stamens 6; thecae diverging at anthesis, inserted onto bifid and well-developed, non-jointed connectives; anthers short and curled over at anthesis; non-fertilized pistillate flowers deciduous after anthesis; staminodial tubes crenulate or shallowly lobed at the apex, those of non-fertilized pistillate flowers not projecting and persistent after anthesis;
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2457BD0EFD0ADEA719D5A3FE" box="[682,746,229,255]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">fruits</emphasis>
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6.9(5.2–9.3) mm long, 5.4(4.2–7.3) mm in diameter, the bases without a prominent stipe, the apices not conical, the surfaces not splitting at maturity, without fibers emerging, bumpy from the numerous, subepidermal, tangential, short fibers present, these coming to a point at fruit apices; locular epidermis without operculum, smooth, without pores.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="725E36EC2457BD0EFF66DFC219F0A2E6" blockId="73.[151,1437,152,912]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2457BD0EFF66DFC21A80A29B" bold="true" box="[198,447,384,410]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Taxonomic notes:—</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D2457BD0EFE1FDFC219EAA29B" author="Henderson, A. & Galeano, G. & Bernal, R." box="[447,725,384,410]" journalOrPublisher="Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" pagination="1 - 352" refId="ref122861" refString="Henderson, A., Galeano, G. & Bernal, R. (1995) A field guide to the palms of the Americas. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, pp. 1 - 352." title="A field guide to the palms of the Americas" type="book chapter" year="1995">
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Henderson
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2457BD0EFDE4DFC31940A29B" box="[580,639,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">et al.</emphasis>
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(1995)
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</bibRefCitation>
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suggested that this species was part of
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2457BD0EFB3EDFC21E5FA29B" authorityName="Wendland ex Spruce" authorityYear="1871" box="[1182,1376,384,410]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="longivaginata">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2457BD0EFB3EDFC21E5FA29B" box="[1182,1376,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">G. longivaginata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. It is closely related to that species, differing in its shorter rachillae— 8.1(3.8–15.0) cm long versus 22.9(10.0– 42.0) cm long
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2457BD0EFE9ADF8F1A68A2E6" bold="true" box="[314,343,461,487]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">—</emphasis>
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without short, transverse ridges.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="725E36EC2457BD0EFF66DFB618B7A183" blockId="73.[151,1437,152,912]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2457BD0EFF66DFB61ACBA10F" bold="true" box="[198,500,500,526]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Subspecific variation:—</emphasis>
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One trait (stem branching) varies within this species. The species has a disjunct distribution, and occurs in two areas
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2457BD0EFDE8DC58195AA135" bold="true" box="[584,613,538,564]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">—</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2457BD0EFDC5DC5819E0A135" box="[613,735,538,564]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2457BD0EFCBADC5818A0A135" box="[794,927,538,564]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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, with outlying specimens in
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2457BD0EFB56DC581E56A135" box="[1270,1385,538,564]" name="Honduras" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2457BD0EFF37DC031A25A15A" box="[151,282,577,603]" name="Guatemala" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
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. Within
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2457BD0EFEDCDC031AC0A15A" box="[380,511,577,603]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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, there is an isolated, lower elevation subgroup from the Sarapiquí valley. Apart from the outliers, there are three subgroups based on geography.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="725E36EC2457BD0EFF66DCCC19BBA091" blockId="73.[151,1437,152,912]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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ANOVA shows that for pair wise comparison probabilities, 13 variables (stem diameter, rachis length, rachis width, pinnae number, basal pinna width, basal pinna angle, apical pinna width, interbract distance, peduncle length, peduncle width, rachilla width, number of rachillae, fruit diameter) differ significantly (
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2457BD0EFA2ADC9F1EA3A1F7" box="[1418,1436,733,758]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">P</emphasis>
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<0.05) between one pair of subgroups, and one (rachilla length) differs amongst all three groups. Based on these results, these three subgroups are recognized as subspecies (subspp.
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2457BD0EFBFEDD6B1A03A06B" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2457BD0EFBFEDD6B1FD5A042" authorityName="Wendland ex Spruce" authorityYear="1871" box="[1118,1258,809,835]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferruginea">ferruginea</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2457BD0EFB57DD6B1EA7A042" authorityName="Wendland ex Spruce" authorityYear="1871" box="[1271,1432,809,835]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microspadix">microspadix</taxonomicName>
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, nicaraguensis
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</emphasis>
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). There are only three specimens from
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2457BD0EFCB1DD1218BCA06B" box="[785,899,848,874]" name="Honduras" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Honduras</collectingCountry>
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and Guatemala—too few for analysis–—and these outliers are unplaced for subspecies.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3AFB65672457BD0EFF37DD811EA3A7A7" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" type="key">
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<paragraph id="725E36EC2457BD0EFF37DD811956A0DD" blockId="73.[151,617,962,989]" box="[151,617,962,989]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<heading id="291681802457BD0EFF37DD811956A0DD" bold="true" box="[151,617,962,989]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2457BD0EFF37DD811956A0DD" bold="true" box="[151,617,962,989]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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Key to the subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2457BD0EFE68DD801956A0DD" ID-CoL="3FQJZ" authorityName="Wendland ex Spruce" authorityYear="1871" box="[456,617,962,988]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ferruginea">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2457BD0EFE68DD801956A0DD" bold="true" box="[456,617,962,988]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">G. ferruginea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<keyStep id="C9152E492457BD0EFF37DA4D1EA4A747" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<paragraph id="725E36EC2457BD0EFF37DA4D1EA4A726" blockId="73.[151,1436,1039,1190]" box="[151,1435,1039,1063]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<keyLead id="C91095D92457BD0EFF37DA4D1EA4A726" box="[151,1435,1039,1063]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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1
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2457BD0EFF68DA4D1A09A727" box="[200,310,1039,1062]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
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......................................................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2457BD0EFB1CDA4D1EA4A726" ID-CoL="5HFW4" authorityName="Henderson" authorityYear="2011" box="[1212,1435,1039,1063]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="ferruginea" subSpecies="nicaraguensis">
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subsp.
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE2457BD0EFAA6DA521EA4A726" box="[1286,1435,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">nicaraguensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="725E36EC2457BD0EFF37DA6D1EA4A747" blockId="73.[151,1436,1039,1190]" box="[151,1435,1071,1094]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<keyLead id="C91095D92457BD0EFF37DA6D1EA4A747" box="[151,1435,1071,1094]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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-
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C2457BD0EFF68DA6D1A02A747" box="[200,317,1071,1094]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
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..................................................................................................................................................................... 2
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</keyLead>
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</paragraph>
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</keyStep>
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<keyStep id="C9152E492457BD0EFF37DA0D1EA3A7A7" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<paragraph id="725E36EC2457BD0EFF37DA0D1EA3A787" blockId="73.[151,1436,1039,1190]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<keyLead id="C91095D92457BD0EFF37DA0D1EA3A787" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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2 Rachillae 10(5–25), 9.7(6.4–15.0) cm long; Cordilleras Tilarán, Central, Talamanca, and
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<collectingRegion id="B025F80E2457BD0EFBDEDA0D1FC6A767" box="[1150,1273,1103,1126]" country="Costa Rica" name="Guanacaste" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Guanacaste</collectingRegion>
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....................... ............................................................................................................................................................
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2457BD0EFB42DA2D1EA3A787" ID-CoL="5HFW2" authority="Rachillae" authorityName="Rachillae" box="[1250,1436,1135,1158]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="ferruginea" subSpecies="ferruginea">
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subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2457BD0EFA8BDA2D1EA3A787" box="[1323,1436,1135,1158]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">ferruginea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="725E36EC2457BD0EFF37DACD1EA3A7A7" blockId="73.[151,1436,1039,1190]" box="[151,1436,1167,1190]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
<keyLead id="C91095D92457BD0EFF37DACD1EA3A7A7" box="[151,1436,1167,1190]" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
|
||
- Rachillae 22(11–38), 5.5(3.8–8.0) cm long; Sarapiquí Valley .......................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F2457BD0EFB6FDACD1EA3A7A7" ID-CoL="5HFW3" box="[1231,1436,1167,1190]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="ferruginea" subSpecies="microspadix">
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE2457BD0EFAB9DACD1EA3A7A7" box="[1305,1436,1167,1190]" italics="true" pageId="73" pageNumber="74">microspadix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |