339 lines
38 KiB
XML
339 lines
38 KiB
XML
<document id="9B8496161B6D78FE3581449DFF7A9929" ID-CLB-Dataset="24911" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.17.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="65962ba7-eec1-40e7-aed6-cef94e99ca39" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3538362" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1573511149647" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Henderson, Andrew" docDate="2011" docId="FA4887FA244EBD16FF37DEDA1EA4A0D8" docLanguage="en" docName="Phytotaxa.17.1.pdf.imd" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 17" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0.3:Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleId="F08184CE06D8A97EA3E6DE35D99648B0" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.monograph" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Geonoma interrupta Martius 1823" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="0671FF82241EBD47FFA0DE421B3FA301" masterDocTitle="A revision of Geonoma (Arecaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="271" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="81" updateTime="1698765326825" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="595759C4FF6DE8FA8727E4F275175032" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="ABD1729B00F9ADA3E38694C831809923">
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<mods:title id="F0EF1217C7BFDA4BD2C03DFA7F097C30">A revision of Geonoma (Arecaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F0F782F551DDABE260DC079B9C5D4EBC" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1A929C350239FEEE2035402E1CE41709">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EF7041196279B59E52F1FCB4C23CC38E">Henderson, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="FF36A63D019B329039D399F8F0491C0F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="52B3307BEBD11D4009AA049C209EC227">
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<mods:title id="2B056B3A846F0017E22668D859C100BE">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="C4B9EA67CC263DBBE721BBC736F27B08">
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<mods:date id="8BCD16728C11AF93F41655F2BC0F2813">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0C6F8EB8DD1FDF7EFCEFB40898A5EBB1">2011-02-18</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="687460B846AA6522BB2B55ABB1C7B091" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C09086960F6475ADBCF1ED7699340973">17</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="28A5DC73EA9B12371F783C2149945090">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="AD71D5D468284B6E073A84898EBC8CA4">271</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:classification id="74EB6965969A089EC2B88AC2DB7BE868">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="357876CB92BD170426608F4347ED0E92" type="CLB-Dataset">24911</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B8316541717339E218837BB27B5C2274" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.17.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3B68174F54A2DB1713B2663CFC145341" type="GBIF-Dataset">65962ba7-eec1-40e7-aed6-cef94e99ca39</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A78038FBF08BD0728D28FE3BEB89E85C" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F0EF734E491659E62DC70837C2C6CAE9" type="Zenodo-Dep">3538362</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FA4887FA244EBD16FF37DEDA1EA4A0D8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5609009" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160342471" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5609009" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA4887FA244EBD16FF37DEDA1EA4A0D8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA4887FA244EBD16FF37DEDA1EA4A0D8" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<subSubSection id="3AFB6567244EBD17FF37DEDA1949A3FE" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="725E36EC244EBD17FF37DEDA1949A3FE" blockId="80.[151,1437,151,255]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FF37DEDA1B83A3B3" bold="true" box="[151,188,152,178]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">29.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FF62DED51870A3B3" ID-CoL="3FQL4" authority="(Ruiz & Pavon) Martius (1823: 8)" authorityName="Martius" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" box="[194,847,151,178]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FF62DED51A88A3B0" bold="true" box="[194,439,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Geonoma interrupta</emphasis>
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(Ruíz & Pavón)
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<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D244EBD17FDDEDEDA1870A3B3" author="Martius, C." box="[638,847,152,178]" journalOrPublisher="Weigel, Leipzig, Germany" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref123464" refString="Martius, C. (1823 - 1837) Historia Naturalis Palmarum. Volume 2: Genera et species. Weigel, Leipzig, Germany, pp. 1 - 152." title="Historia Naturalis Palmarum. Volume 2: Genera et species" type="book chapter" year="1823">Martius (1823: 8)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FCFADEDB1EA6A3B3" authority="Ruiz & Pavon (1798: 296)" authorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" authorityPageNumber="296" authorityYear="1798" box="[858,1433,152,178]" class="Lobosa" family="Entamoebidae" genus="Martinezia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Amoebida" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Amoebozoa" rank="species" species="interrupta">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FCFADEDB1F67A3B3" box="[858,1112,153,178]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Martinezia interrupta</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D244EBD17FBFFDEDA1EA6A3B3" author="Ruiz, H. & Pavon, J." box="[1119,1433,152,178]" journalOrPublisher="Typis Gabrielis de Sancha" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 455" refId="ref124172" refString="Ruiz, H. & Pavon, J. (1798) Systema Vegetabilium Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis. Typis Gabrielis de Sancha, pp. 1 - 455." title="Systema Vegetabilium Florae Peruvianae et Chilensis" type="book chapter" year="1798">Ruíz & Pavón (1798: 296)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Type:
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<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244EBD17FF44DEFC1A0AA3D9" box="[228,309,190,216]" name="Peru" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">PERU</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion id="B025F80E244EBD17FEE1DEFC1A8CA3D9" box="[321,435,190,216]" country="Peru" name="Huanuco" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Huánuco</collectingRegion>
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: between Pozuzo and Cuchero,
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<date id="065F102C244EBD17FC99DEFC1F3EA3D9" box="[825,1025,190,216]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" value="1820-11">November 1820</date>
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,
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FBAEDE821F93A3D8" box="[1038,1196,190,217]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">J. Pavón s.n.</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus id="AD5A884E244EBD17FB1DDEFC1E16A3D9" box="[1213,1321,190,216]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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MA
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FACADE821EB3A3D8" box="[1386,1420,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">n.v</emphasis>
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.,
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<typeStatus id="AD5A884E244EBD17FF37DEA71BC1A3FE" box="[151,254,229,255]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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image!, isotypes K!, M!, MO!).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3AFB6567244EBD16FF37DF701EBEA183" lastPageId="81" lastPageNumber="82" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" type="description">
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<paragraph id="725E36EC244EBD17FF37DF70195AA686" blockId="80.[151,1437,306,2034]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FF37DF701BDCA24D" box="[151,227,306,332]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Plants</emphasis>
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3.7(1.0–8.0) m tall; stems 3.2(0.3–8.0) m tall, 3.7(2.6–5.0) cm in diameter, solitary, not cane-like or cane-like; internodes 1.5(0.8–2.8) cm long, yellowish and smooth.
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FC6EDF181F1DA272" box="[974,1058,346,371]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Leaves</emphasis>
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13(8–24) per stem, irregularly pinnate, not plicate, bases of blades running diagonally into the rachis; sheaths 28.7(15.0–60.5) cm long; petioles 63.4(9.0–110.0) cm long, drying green or yellowish; rachis 129.6(55.0–200.0) cm long, 8.7(3.8–16.0) mm in diameter; veins raised and rectangular in cross-section adaxially; pinnae 18(4–47) per side of rachis; basal pinna 47.4(23.5–75.5) cm long, 5.7(0.2–27.0) cm wide, forming an angle of 43(24–60)° with the rachis; apical pinna 40.3(23.0–65.5) cm long, 20.3(0.4–39.0) cm wide, forming an angle of 29(14–40)° with the rachis.
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FF53DC031A98A15A" box="[243,423,577,603]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Inflorescences</emphasis>
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branched 2–4 orders; prophylls and peduncular bracts not ribbed with elongate, unbranched fibers, flattened, deciduous or persistent; prophylls 20.1(11.5–40.0) cm long, not short and asymmetrically apiculate, the surfaces ridged and densely tomentose with widely to closely spaced ridges, the ridges unequally wide, often dividing from and rejoining other ridges, the prophyll margins with irregular, spine-like projections, the prophylls usually splitting irregularly between the ridges; peduncular bracts 17.8(10.5–25.5) cm long, well-developed, inserted 4.1(1.0–8.0) cm above the prophyll; peduncle 22.7(7.0– 34.0) cm long, 13.6(2.5–20.1) mm in diameter; rachillae 71(22–120), 19.1(9.2–29.7) cm long, 2.3(1.3–3.4) mm in diameter, the surfaces without spiky, fibrous projections or ridges, drying brown, with faint to pronounced, short, transverse ridges, not filiform and not narrowed between the flower pits; flower pits spirally arranged, densely hairy internally distally only (rarely some hairs on lateral) margins of the pits; proximal lips without a central notch before anthesis, not recurved after anthesis, hood-shaped at anthesis, sometimes splitting post-anthesis; proximal and distal lips drying the same color as the rachillae, not joined to form a raised cupule, the proximal lip margins overlapping the distal lip margins; distal lips absent; staminate and pistillate petals not emergent, not valvate throughout; staminate flowers deciduous after anthesis; stamens 6; thecae diverging at anthesis, inserted almost directly onto the filament apices, the connectives bifid but scarcely developed; anthers short and curled over at anthesis; non-fertilized pistillate flowers persistent or deciduous after anthesis; staminodial tubes crenulate or shallowly lobed at the apex; staminodial tubes of nonfertilized pistillate flowers not projecting and persistent after anthesis;
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FC40DA911F20A7EC" box="[992,1055,1235,1261]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">fruits</emphasis>
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5.8(4.4–7.5) mm long, 4.6(3.6– 6.3) mm in diameter, the bases without a prominent stipe, the apices not conical, the surfaces not splitting at maturity, without fibers emerging, bumpy from the numerous, subepidermal, tangential, short fibers present, these coming to a point at fruit apices; locular epidermis without operculum, sculpted, usually also with a raised, meridional ridge, without pores.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="725E36EC244EBD17FF66DBD61AD6A597" blockId="80.[151,1437,306,2034]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FF66DBD61A80A6AF" bold="true" box="[198,447,1428,1454]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Taxonomic notes:—</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FE1FDBD6198FA6AF" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" box="[447,688,1428,1454]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FE1FDBD6198FA6AF" box="[447,688,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Geonoma interrupta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a member of a group of species characterized by its lack of a distal lip of the flower pit and flower pits hairy internally. This group, the
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FC59DBF91FAFA6D4" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" box="[1017,1168,1467,1493]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FC59DBF91FAFA6D4" box="[1017,1168,1467,1493]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">G. interrupta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade, also includes
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FA23DBF9194CA6FA" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FA23DBF91A3BA6FA" authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="euspatha">G. euspatha</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FEAFDBA31A85A6FA" authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" box="[271,442,1505,1531]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frontinensis">G. frontinensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FE65DBA3194CA6FA" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1805" box="[453,627,1505,1531]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifrons">G. pinnatifrons</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FD12DBA31855A6FA" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1805" box="[690,874,1505,1531]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplicifrons">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FD12DBA31855A6FA" box="[690,874,1505,1531]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">G. simplicifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. These species have had a checkered taxonomic history.
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FF5AD84A1ACBA523" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" box="[250,500,1544,1570]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FF5AD84A1ACBA523" box="[250,500,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Geonoma interrupta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been treated in a broad (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D244EBD17FC37D84A1F8FA523" author="Henderson, A. & Galeano, G. & Bernal, R." box="[919,1200,1544,1570]" journalOrPublisher="Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 352" refId="ref122861" refString="Henderson, A., Galeano, G. & Bernal, R. (1995) A field guide to the palms of the Americas. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, pp. 1 - 352." title="A field guide to the palms of the Americas" type="book chapter" year="1995">
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Henderson
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FB84D84B1F56A523" box="[1060,1129,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">et al.,</emphasis>
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1995
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</bibRefCitation>
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) or narrower sense (
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<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D244EBD17FF3ED86C1AB5A549" author="Wessels Boer, J." box="[158,394,1582,1608]" journalOrPublisher="Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde. Tweede Sectie" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 202" part="58" refId="ref124810" refString="Wessels Boer, J. (1968) The geonomoid palms. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde. Tweede Sectie 58: 1 - 202." title="The geonomoid palms" type="journal article" year="1968">Wessels Boer, 1968</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FE3DD86C19B2A548" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" box="[413,653,1582,1609]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FE3DD86C19B2A548" box="[413,653,1582,1609]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Geonoma interrupta</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FC85D86C1F52A549" box="[805,1133,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FC85D86C188EA549" authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" box="[805,945,1582,1608]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="euspatha">G. euspatha</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FC1DD86C1F57A549" authorityName="Burret" authorityYear="1930" box="[957,1128,1582,1608]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="frontinensis">G. frontinensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FB04D86C1E63A549" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1805" box="[1188,1372,1582,1608]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simplicifrons">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FB04D86C1E63A549" box="[1188,1372,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">G. simplicifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in its prophyll surfaces with unequally wide ridges, and from
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<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FC9AD81718D2A56E" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1805" box="[826,1005,1621,1647]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifrons">
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<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FC9AD81718D2A56E" box="[826,1005,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">G. pinnatifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in its flower pits which are densely hairy internally distally only.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="725E36EC244EBD17FF66D8E11FFAA47F" blockId="80.[151,1437,306,2034]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D244EBD17FF66D8E11AFBA5BC" author="Wessels Boer, J." box="[198,452,1699,1725]" journalOrPublisher="Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde. Tweede Sectie" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 202" part="58" refId="ref124810" refString="Wessels Boer, J. (1968) The geonomoid palms. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandsche Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Natuurkunde. Tweede Sectie 58: 1 - 202." title="The geonomoid palms" type="journal article" year="1968">Wessels Boer (1968)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used rachillae hairs to distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FCD9D8E11F2AA5BC" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" box="[889,1045,1699,1725]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FCD9D8E11F2AA5BC" box="[889,1045,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">G. interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FBC7D8E11E25A5BC" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1805" box="[1127,1306,1699,1725]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FBC7D8E11E25A5BC" box="[1127,1306,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">G. pinnatifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This was refined somewhat by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16704B1D244EBD17FE37D88B19A8A5E2" author="Hammel, B. & Grayum, M. & Herrera, C. & Zamora, N." box="[407,663,1737,1763]" journalOrPublisher="Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 694" refId="ref122538" refString="Hammel, B., Grayum, M., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (2003) Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen II. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, USA, pp. 1 - 694." title="Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica. Volumen II" type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
||
Hammel
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FDA4D888197FA5E2" box="[516,576,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FCF3D88B18D3A5E2" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" box="[851,1004,1737,1763]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FCF3D88B18D3A5E2" box="[851,1004,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">G. interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as having hairs to ca.
|
||
<quantity id="B5199B09244EBD17FB56D88B1E5FA5E2" box="[1270,1376,1737,1763]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
long with at least some branched, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FD8CD8B219DEA40B" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1805" box="[556,737,1776,1802]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FD8CD8B219DEA40B" box="[556,737,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">G. pinnatifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FCB4D8B2189AA40B" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1843" box="[788,933,1776,1802]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oxycarpa">
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FCB4D8B2189AA40B" box="[788,933,1776,1802]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">G. oxycarpa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) as having unbranched hairs
|
||
<quantity id="B5199B09244EBD17FAABD8B21EA3A40B" box="[1291,1436,1776,1802]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.5" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. As stated in the Materials and Methods section, rachillae hairs are not used in the present study because potential states can not be scored unequivocally and hairs are early deciduous. However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FB12D97F1E76A459" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" box="[1202,1353,1853,1880]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FB12D97F1E76A459" box="[1202,1353,1853,1880]" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">G. interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244EBD17FA23D97F1A1AA47F" authorityName="Willdenow" authorityYear="1805" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pinnatifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FA23D97F1A1AA47F" italics="true" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">G. pinnatifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished by rachillae hairs if rachillae at an early stage are present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="725E36EC244EBD17FF66D9C91EA2A4F3" blockId="80.[151,1437,306,2034]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244EBD17FF66D9C91AC7A4A4" bold="true" box="[198,504,1931,1957]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">Subspecific variation:—</emphasis>
|
||
Two traits vary within this species (stem
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD5A884E244EBD17FC5AD9C91F0FA4A4" box="[1018,1072,1931,1957]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, pistillate flower persistence). Excluding stem
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD5A884E244EBD17FEF8D9F31AB1A4CA" box="[344,398,1969,1995]" pageId="80" pageNumber="81">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, for which there are few data, state distributions of the remaining trait (pistillate flower persistence) divide the specimens into two subgroups. Within each subgroup there is geographic discontinuity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="725E36EC244FBD16FF66DEDA1FADA3D9" blockId="81.[151,1437,152,642]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
The first subgroup, with persistent pistillate flowers, occurs in the Andes in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FBCCDEDA1FDCA3B3" box="[1132,1251,152,178]" name="Colombia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and plants are reported to be rheophytes. This subgroup is recognized as a subspecies (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244FBD16FC43DEFC1FBEA3D9" box="[995,1153,190,216]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="interrupta" subSpecies="rivalis">
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244FBD16FB96DEFC1FBEA3D9" box="[1078,1153,190,216]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">rivalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="725E36EC244FBD16FF66DEA71EBEA183" blockId="81.[151,1437,152,642]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
The second subgroup, with deciduous pistillate flowers, has several gaps in its distribution, and there are several potential geographic subgroups. There is considerable variation in several variables (number of pinnae, prophyll length, peduncular bract length, interbract distance) and combining these with geographic division, three subgroups can be recognized: Central America and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FC1FDF1B1F0AA272" box="[959,1077,345,371]" name="Colombia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(with longer bracts and more pinnae);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FEA5DFC21A51A29B" box="[261,366,384,410]" name="Ecuador" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FEDBDFC21A88A29B" box="[379,439,384,410]" name="Peru" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FE5ADFC2196AA29B" box="[506,597,384,410]" name="Bolivia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(shorter bracts and fewer pinnae); and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FBE0DFC21F80A29B" box="[1088,1215,384,410]" name="Venezuela" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and just reaching adjacent
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FEACDFE41AB5A2C1" box="[268,394,422,448]" name="Colombia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(longer bracts and fewer pinnae). ANOVA shows that for pair wise comparison probabilities, seven variables (stem height, sheath length, rachis length, number of pinnae, prophyll length, peduncular bract length, interbract distance) differ significantly (
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244FBD16FC68DFB718E5A10F" box="[968,986,501,526]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.05) between one pair of groups, although no variable differs amongst all three groups. Based on these results and geographic discontinuity, the three subgroups are recognized as subspecies (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244FBD16FD1EDC0318B7A15A" box="[702,904,577,603]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="interrupta" subSpecies="magnifica">
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244FBD16FCB2DC0318B7A15A" box="[786,904,577,603]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">magnifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Central America and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FB6EDC031E7AA15A" box="[1230,1349,577,603]" name="Colombia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244FBD16FAF2DC031A31A183" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="interrupta" subSpecies="interrupta">
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244FBD16FF37DC2B1A31A183" box="[151,270,617,642]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FEF5DC2A1A86A183" box="[341,441,616,642]" name="Ecuador" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FE64DC2A1AC3A183" box="[452,508,616,642]" name="Peru" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FD9ADC2A19ACA183" box="[570,659,616,642]" name="Bolivia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244FBD16FD71DC2A18A6A183" box="[721,921,616,642]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="interrupta" subSpecies="purdieana">
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244FBD16FC82DC2A18A6A183" box="[802,921,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">purdieana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FC41DC2A1F66A183" box="[993,1113,616,642]" name="Venezuela" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjacent
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FB5BDC2A1E4BA183" box="[1275,1396,616,642]" name="Colombia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3AFB6567244FBD16FF37DCF71EA4A0D8" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="725E36EC244FBD16FF37DCF71980A1CF" blockId="81.[151,703,692,719]" box="[151,703,692,719]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<heading id="29168180244FBD16FF37DCF71980A1CF" bold="true" box="[151,703,692,719]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244FBD16FF37DCF71980A1CF" bold="true" box="[151,703,692,719]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
Key to the subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244FBD16FE68DCF61980A1CF" ID-CoL="3FQL4" authorityName="Martius" authorityYear="1823" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz & Pavon" box="[456,703,692,718]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="interrupta">
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244FBD16FE68DCF61980A1CF" bold="true" box="[456,703,692,718]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Geonoma interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<keyStep id="C9152E49244FBD16FF37DD401EA4A038" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<paragraph id="725E36EC244FBD16FF37DD401EA2A018" blockId="81.[151,1437,770,985]" box="[151,1437,770,793]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<keyLead id="C91095D9244FBD16FF37DD401EA2A018" box="[151,1437,770,793]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
1 Non-fertilized pistillate flowers persistent after anthesis; rheophytes; Central Cordillera in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FB2EDD401FC1A018" box="[1166,1278,770,793]" name="Colombia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
...
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244FBD16FAAFDD401EA2A018" ID-CoL="7JSG3" box="[1295,1437,770,793]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="interrupta" subSpecies="rivalis">
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244FBD16FAF8DD401EA2A018" box="[1368,1437,770,793]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">rivalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="725E36EC244FBD16FF37DD601EA4A038" blockId="81.[151,1437,770,985]" box="[151,1435,802,825]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<keyLead id="C91095D9244FBD16FF37DD601EA4A038" box="[151,1435,802,825]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">- Non-fertilized pistillate flowers deciduous after anthesis; non-rheophytes; widespread ............................................ 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="C9152E49244FBD16FF37DD001EA3A098" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<paragraph id="725E36EC244FBD16FF37DD001EA4A078" blockId="81.[151,1437,770,985]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<keyLead id="C91095D9244FBD16FF37DD001EA4A078" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
2 Pinnae 25(4–47) per side of rachis;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FDF7DD001994A058" box="[599,683,834,857]" name="Mexico" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FD19DD00183FA058" box="[697,768,834,857]" name="Belize" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Belize</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FCAEDD0018BAA058" box="[782,901,834,857]" name="Guatemala" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FC32DD0018C3A058" box="[914,1020,834,857]" name="Honduras" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FBAADD001F44A058" box="[1034,1147,834,857]" name="Nicaragua" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FB29DD001E3CA058" box="[1161,1283,834,857]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FAB1DD001E57A058" box="[1297,1384,834,857]" name="Panama" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FF67DD201A10A078" box="[199,303,866,889]" name="Colombia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
..............................................................................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244FBD16FB47DD201EA4A078" ID-CoL="5HFW6" authority="Pinnae" authorityName="Pinnae" box="[1255,1435,866,889]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="interrupta" subSpecies="magnifica">
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244FBD16FA91DD201EA4A078" box="[1329,1435,866,889]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">magnifica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="725E36EC244FBD16FF37DDC01EA3A098" blockId="81.[151,1437,770,985]" box="[151,1436,898,921]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<keyLead id="C91095D9244FBD16FF37DDC01EA3A098" box="[151,1436,898,921]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
- Pinnae 9(4–14) per side of rachis;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FD97DDC0199AA098" box="[567,677,898,921]" name="Venezuela" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjacent
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FC98DDC0189BA098" box="[824,932,898,921]" name="Colombia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FC0FDDC01F36A098" box="[943,1033,898,921]" name="Ecuador" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FBB4DDC01F77A098" box="[1044,1096,898,921]" name="Peru" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FBDFDDC01FF2A098" box="[1151,1229,898,921]" name="Bolivia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
............................ 3
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="C9152E49244FBD16FF37DDE01EA4A0D8" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<paragraph id="725E36EC244FBD16FF37DDE01EA3A0BA" blockId="81.[151,1437,770,985]" box="[151,1436,930,955]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<keyLead id="C91095D9244FBD16FF37DDE01EA3A0BA" box="[151,1436,930,955]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
3 Peduncular bracts inserted 3.0(1.2–8.0) cm above the prophyll;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FCCFDDE018F5A0B8" box="[879,970,930,953]" name="Ecuador" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FC74DDE01F37A0B8" box="[980,1032,930,953]" name="Peru" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FBE0DDE01FB0A0B8" box="[1088,1167,930,953]" name="Bolivia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244FBD16FB47DDE01EA3A0BA" ID-CoL="5HFW5" authority="Peduncular" authorityName="Peduncular" box="[1255,1436,930,955]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="interrupta" subSpecies="interrupta">
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244FBD16FA90DDE61EA3A0BA" box="[1328,1436,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">interrupta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="725E36EC244FBD16FF37DD801EA4A0D8" blockId="81.[151,1437,770,985]" box="[151,1435,962,985]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
<keyLead id="C91095D9244FBD16FF37DD801EA4A0D8" box="[151,1435,962,985]" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
|
||
- Peduncular bracts inserted 7.1(6.5–7.5) cm above the prophyll;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FCCFDD8018E2A0D8" box="[879,989,962,985]" name="Venezuela" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
and adjacent
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AF6767C244FBD16FBD0DD801FE6A0D8" box="[1136,1241,962,985]" name="Colombia" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5E14D6F244FBD16FB45DD801EA4A0D8" ID-CoL="5HFW8" box="[1253,1435,962,985]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Geonoma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="interrupta" subSpecies="purdieana">
|
||
subsp.
|
||
<emphasis id="4095EAFE244FBD16FA8FDD801EA4A0D8" box="[1327,1435,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">purdieana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |