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<mods:title id="0E9DA7ECCEF5DBF6DBE64A2DE46E4C59">Revalidation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest dung beetle species Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) machadoi (Pereira &amp; d’Andretta, 1955) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Phanaeini) based on morphological and distributional evidence</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFCFFCFFF4457533F03FA2C" ID-CoL="Y6CF" authority="Pereira &amp; d'Andretta, 1955" authorityName="Pereira &amp; d'Andretta" authorityYear="1955" box="[151,1077,1387,1413]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi" subGenus="Metallophanaeus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFCFFCFFF44575339F4FA2C" bold="true" box="[151,706,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) machadoi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFFCFFCFFD0357533F1BFA2C" author="Pereira" box="[720,1069,1387,1413]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" refString="Pereira, F. S. &amp; d'Andretta, M. A. V. (1955) Novos escarabeideos e novas sinonimias (Col. Scarabaeidae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 12, 247 - 264." type="journal article" year="1955">Pereira &amp; d’Andretta, 1955</bibRefCitation>
)
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, revalidated
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<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFFCFFCFFF4457B53A34FA0F" box="[151,258,1421,1446]" captionStart-0="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId-0="2.[151,264,1676,1698]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1295,1317]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,264,1076,1098]" captionTargetBox-0="[162,1419,380,1645]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,606,1270]" captionTargetBox-2="[162,1425,198,1051]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[157,1429,375,1651]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,606,1270]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[162,1425,195,1052]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURES 1 – 4. Coprophanaeus (M.) machadoi (Pereira &amp; d’Andretta, 1955). 1 – 2) Male habitus. 3 – 4) Female habitus." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. Holotype of Coprophanaeus machadoi. 5 a) Dorsal view. 5 b) Ventral view. 5 c) Labels." captionText-2="FIGURES 6 – 11. Male head and pronotum. 6 – 9) Coprophanaeus machadoi. 10 – 11) C. saphirinus. White arrow indicates the midlongitudinal prolongation of the anterior margin of pronotum, which is triangular and flat in C. saphirinus and long, filiform, and sometimes raised in a sharp ridge in C. machadoi." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/224349/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/224350/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/224351/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Figs. 1–9</figureCitation>
, 
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.
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<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFCFFCFFF4457ED391AFA42" box="[151,556,1493,1515]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Phanaeus (Metallophanaeus) machadoi</emphasis>
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: 257
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–260, figs. 14–17; 
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: 29
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<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFCFFCFFF4457CC394FF9A3" box="[151,633,1524,1546]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) machadoi</emphasis>
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: Vaz-de-Mello, 2000: 192; 
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: 56
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; 
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: 123
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; 
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: 2
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, 31.
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<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFCFFCFFF4454093A5AF9EE" box="[151,364,1585,1607]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Phanaeus saphirinus</emphasis>
: sensu 
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: 42
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.
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<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFCFFCFFF4454683873F9CF" ID-CoL="7HR92" authority="Edmonds, 1967: 97" authorityName="Edmonds" authorityPageNumber="97" authorityYear="1967" box="[151,837,1616,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus" subGenus="Metallophanaeus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFCFFCFFF4454683905F9CF" box="[151,563,1616,1638]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Phanaeus (Metallophanaeus) saphirinus</emphasis>
: sensu 
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: 97
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–104.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="52FC1C37FFFCFFCFFF4454573F04F92C" box="[151,1074,1647,1669]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFCFFCFFF44545738E9F92C" ID-CoL="Y6CK" authority="Edmonds &amp; Zidek, 2010: 30" authorityName="Edmonds &amp; Zidek" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="2010" box="[151,991,1647,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus" subGenus="Metallophanaeus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFCFFCFFF4454573946F92C" box="[151,624,1647,1669]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Coprophanaeus (Metallophanaeus) saphirinus</emphasis>
: sensu 
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: 30
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, fig. 71.
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<typeStatus id="AD5785BBFFFCFFCFFF4454893BE4F963" box="[151,210,1713,1738]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Type</typeStatus>
specimen:
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: male (&quot;Holotipo&quot;, &quot; 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFCFFCFFD63548938E2F963" box="[688,980,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFCFFCFFD63548938A2F963" box="[688,916,1713,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi" status="sp. nov.">Phanaeus machadoi</taxonomicName>
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. ♂, P. Pereira det. 955&quot;, &quot;Açucena, Mg, 
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952, A. Machado&quot;, &quot;26153&quot;), 
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFFCFFCFFDC654EE3968F947" box="[533,606,1750,1774]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">MZSP</collectionCode>
(examined) (
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFFCFFCFFD2754ED3854F947" box="[756,866,1749,1774]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1295,1317]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,264,1076,1098]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,606,1270]" captionTargetBox-1="[162,1425,198,1051]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,606,1270]" captionTargetId-1="figure@5.[162,1425,195,1052]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Holotype of Coprophanaeus machadoi. 5 a) Dorsal view. 5 b) Ventral view. 5 c) Labels." captionText-1="FIGURES 6 – 11. Male head and pronotum. 6 – 9) Coprophanaeus machadoi. 10 – 11) C. saphirinus. White arrow indicates the midlongitudinal prolongation of the anterior margin of pronotum, which is triangular and flat in C. saphirinus and long, filiform, and sometimes raised in a sharp ridge in C. machadoi." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/224350/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/224351/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFFCFFCFFF1454C13F2AF8BB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1713,2026]" box="[199,1052,1785,1810]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFCFFCFFF1454C13A5FF8BB" bold="true" box="[199,361,1785,1810]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<typeStatus id="AD5785BBFFFCFFCFFF1454C13A34F8BB" box="[199,258,1785,1810]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
Açucena, Minas Gerais, 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFFCFFCFFD5754C139FEF8BB" box="[644,712,1785,1810]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFFCFFCFFD0454C13F39F8BB" author="Pereira" box="[727,1039,1785,1810]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" refString="Pereira, F. S. &amp; d'Andretta, M. A. V. (1955) Novos escarabeideos e novas sinonimias (Col. Scarabaeidae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 12, 247 - 264." type="journal article" year="1955">Pereira &amp; d’Andretta, 1955</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AF66892FFFCFFC8FF145525394DFC91" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="439" pageId="3" pageNumber="438" type="description">
<paragraph id="72533B19FFFCFFC8FF1455253E65FF51" blockId="3.[151,1437,1713,2026]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="439" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFCFFCFFF1455253A6DF89F" bold="true" box="[199,347,1821,1846]" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">Description:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFCFFCFFEA055253AF9F89F" box="[371,463,1821,1846]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="438">General</emphasis>
—Paraocular areas (genae) not carinate lateral to eyes. Pronotum smooth posteromedially, or, in minor specimens, sparsely punctured; posterior angle slightly and triangularly produced posteriorly; posterior fossae absent and sulcus paralleling posterior margin of pronotum effaced medially. Anteromedian angle of metasternum rounded, not salient; angle capped with elongate thickening usually visible from below as a broad “V”. Elytral interstriae flat; striae simple, very fine, superficial, not impressed, but, in lightcolored specimens, much more clearly visible by their darker coloration (usually dark blue); bases of striae 1-4 distinctly fossate, fossae progressively larger laterally. Ventral surface of protibia, lateral to longitudinal carina paralleling inner margin, entirely punctatorugose. Pygidium lacking basal groove. Color usually shining both metallic green and blue (
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFFBFFC8FE7F52E73921FF51" box="[428,535,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1676,1698]" captionTargetBox="[162,1419,380,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[157,1429,375,1651]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Coprophanaeus (M.) machadoi (Pereira &amp; d’Andretta, 1955). 1 – 2) Male habitus. 3 – 4) Female habitus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224349/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
), but sometimes entirely light green or dark blue; never with metallic red.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFFBFFC8FF14533C3879FD2D" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FF14533C3A37FEB4" box="[199,257,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Male</emphasis>
—Paraocular areas mostly smooth, rugosity present at most only adjacent to outer margin (in minor specimens, rugosity sometimes more widespread, but never as females). Head with evenly tapering long horn, base not abruptly swollen. Pronotum with pair of closely set, apically slightly convergent processes near posterior margin, separated by strong concavity (in minor specimens, processes and concavity progressively reduced); disk anterior to processes with deep, round concavity on each side, or, in minor specimens, only slightly concave or completely absent. In major males, anterior margin of pronotum with long midlongitudinal filiform prolongation, sometimes raised into a sharp and acute ridge; prolongation followed by midlongitudinal well-marked carina (
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFFBFFC8FAB753E43BF2FDB1" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1076,1098]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,198,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[162,1425,195,1052]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Male head and pronotum. 6 – 9) Coprophanaeus machadoi. 10 – 11) C. saphirinus. White arrow indicates the midlongitudinal prolongation of the anterior margin of pronotum, which is triangular and flat in C. saphirinus and long, filiform, and sometimes raised in a sharp ridge in C. machadoi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224351/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Figs. 6–9</figureCitation>
); anterior slope of pronotum sometimes ornamented by pair of divergent tubercles (
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFFBFFC8FB1953C73E20FDB1" box="[1226,1302,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1076,1098]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,198,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[162,1425,195,1052]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Male head and pronotum. 6 – 9) Coprophanaeus machadoi. 10 – 11) C. saphirinus. White arrow indicates the midlongitudinal prolongation of the anterior margin of pronotum, which is triangular and flat in C. saphirinus and long, filiform, and sometimes raised in a sharp ridge in C. machadoi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224351/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). In minor specimens, filiform prolongation progressively shorter or absent, sometimes slightly triangular. Pronotal sculpturing limited to weak rugosity on lateral margins. Parameres only slightly concave laterally; apical processes rounded and with posterior flap only slightly curved (
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFFBFFC8FD3D50543874FD2D" box="[750,834,620,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 12 – 13" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,1202,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1197,1937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 12 – 13. Aedeagi. 12) Coprophanaeus machadoi: 12 a) Dorsal view. 12 b) Lateral view. 13) C. saphirinus: 13 a) Dorsal view. 13 b) Lateral view. Arrow indicates the posterior flap of the apical process, which is just slightly elevated in C. machadoi and is strongly elevated and curved in C. saphirinus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224352/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFFBFFC8FF1450B7394DFC91" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FF1450B73A2DFD01" box="[199,283,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Female</emphasis>
—Paraocular areas broadly rugose, smooth only near to eyes. Pronotum with small, weakly trituberculate crest adjacent to anterior margin followed by weak concavity bounded posteriorly by pair of weak tumosities near middle of disk; in minor specimens, crest and concavity reduced and tumosities absent. Pronotum finely granulorugose on disk and sides, punctate posteromedially; in minor specimens, granulorugosity progressively more widespread posteriorly.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AF66892FFFBFFCBFF14517C3F13FB09" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="442" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="72533B19FFFBFFC8FF14517C3FA3FC0D" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FF14517C39F4FCF4" bold="true" box="[199,706,836,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
Measurements: Males (
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFFBFFC8FE0F517C3949FCF4" box="[476,639,836,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
): TL:
</emphasis>
AV: 17.31; 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFFBFFC8FC95517D384EFCF5" box="[838,888,837,860]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">MX</collectingCountry>
: 21; MN: 15; SD: 1.89. 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FB50517C3F8EFCF4" bold="true" box="[1155,1208,836,861]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">PW:</emphasis>
AV: 10.93; 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFFBFFC8FAEF517D3E58FCF5" box="[1340,1390,837,860]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">MX</collectingCountry>
: 13; MN: 9.3; SD: 1.25. 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FEAE515F39EFFC29" bold="true" box="[381,729,871,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
Females (
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFFBFFC8FE23515F39A2FC29" box="[496,660,871,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="generic">15 specimens</specimenCount>
): TL:
</emphasis>
18.08; 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFFBFFC8FCE251503855FCD6" box="[817,867,872,895]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">MX</collectingCountry>
: 23; MN: 15; SD: 2.42. 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FBA9515F3F99FC29" bold="true" box="[1146,1199,871,896]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">PW:</emphasis>
AV: 10.97; 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFFBFFC8FAE851503E5AFCD6" box="[1339,1388,872,895]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">MX</collectingCountry>
: 14; MN: 9; SD: 1.74. 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FEB251B439A2FC0C" bold="true" box="[353,660,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
Total (
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFFBFFC8FE7E51B43967FC0C" box="[429,593,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="generic">30 specimens</specimenCount>
): TL:
</emphasis>
AV: 17,7; SD: 2.2. 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FCBC51B43892FC0C" bold="true" box="[879,932,908,933]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">PW:</emphasis>
AV: 10.95; SD: 1.49.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFFBFFC8FF1451973F6BFAD1" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FF1451973812FC61" bold="true" box="[199,804,943,968]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Intraspecific variation and taxonomic discussion:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FCFC51973F6CFC61" box="[815,1114,943,968]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FCFC51973F6CFC61" box="[815,1114,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Coprophanaeus machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a cryptic species widely confused with 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FE9051ED3AE8FC44" box="[323,478,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FE9051ED3AE8FC44" box="[323,478,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and identified in collections and publications with this latter name. In most large collections we have examined (
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFFBFFC8FE2851C03962FBB9" box="[507,596,1016,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">BMNH</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFFBFFC8FDB351C03991FBB9" box="[608,679,1016,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">CPFA</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFFBFFC8FD6051C0383DFBA6" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[691,779,1016,1039]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">MNHN</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFFBFFC8FCCB51C03850FBA6" box="[792,870,1016,1039]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">MNRJ</collectionCode>
, and 
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFFBFFC8FC7051C038C6FBB9" box="[931,1008,1016,1040]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">MZSP</collectionCode>
), including that where the 
<typeStatus id="AD5785BBFFFBFFC8FACC51CF3EB7FBB9" box="[1311,1409,1015,1040]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is deposited, no specimen (but the 
<typeStatus id="AD5785BBFFFBFFC8FDD956243958FB9C" box="[522,622,1052,1077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
) of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FD4D56253819FB9C" box="[670,815,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FD4D56253819FB9C" box="[670,815,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was identified as such, and individuals of this species were mixed among large series of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FDCB56783998FBF1" box="[536,686,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FDCB56783998FBF1" box="[536,686,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition to the 
<typeStatus id="AD5785BBFFFBFFC8FC5756783882FBF1" box="[900,948,1088,1112]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">type</typeStatus>
specimen, only a single male was correctly identified in a publication as 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FE0F565D3817FBD5" authority="Arnaud, 2002" authorityName="Arnaud" authorityYear="2002" box="[476,801,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FE0F565D395CFBD4" box="[476,618,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. machadoi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFFBFFC8FDAA565C382EFBD5" author="Arnaud" box="[633,792,1124,1149]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" refString="Arnaud, P. (2002) Phanaeini. Les coleopteres du monde. Vol. 28. Hillside Books, Canterburry, 151 pp." type="book" year="2002">Arnaud, 2002</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, but even in that work, other 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FBB4565D3FC3FBD4" box="[1127,1269,1124,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FBB4565D3FC3FBD4" box="[1127,1269,1124,1149]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were certainly misidentified as 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FE8656B03AD8FB09" box="[341,494,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FE8656B03AD8FB09" box="[341,494,1159,1184]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
since Arnaud cited Espírito Santo (
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFFBFFC8FC5856BF38E4FB09" box="[907,978,1159,1184]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Brazil</collectingCountry>
) as part of the distribution range of the latter species. In fact, part of this confusion is due to the fact that the only two specimens so far correctly identified as 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FF6456E83A71FB41" box="[183,327,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FF6456E83A71FB41" box="[183,327,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacked the aedeagus and, therefore, the more easily observed characteristics that differentiate the two species had not been detected until now (
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFFBFFC8FD4656CC38FBFAA4" author="Pereira" box="[661,973,1268,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" refString="Pereira, F. S. &amp; d'Andretta, M. A. V. (1955) Novos escarabeideos e novas sinonimias (Col. Scarabaeidae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 12, 247 - 264." type="journal article" year="1955">Pereira &amp; d’Andretta, 1955</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFFBFFC8FC0A56CC3F41FAA5" author="Arnaud" box="[985,1143,1268,1293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" refString="Arnaud, P. (2002) Phanaeini. Les coleopteres du monde. Vol. 28. Hillside Books, Canterburry, 151 pp." type="book" year="2002">Arnaud, 2002</bibRefCitation>
; see below). Furthermore, the lack of distinction between the females of these two species contributes to the cryptic nature of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FAD757203EA2FA99" box="[1284,1428,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FAD757203EA2FA99" box="[1284,1428,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nevertheless, two evident morphological characteristics observed by us support the validity of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FB0057053E55FAFC" box="[1235,1379,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FB0057053E55FAFC" box="[1235,1379,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, being in agreement with the distribution of the two species, make identification easier.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFFBFFC8FF1457BC3BCCF949" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFFBFFC8FF1457BC3925FA34" box="[199,531,1412,1437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" refString="Pereira, F. S. &amp; d'Andretta, M. A. V. (1955) Novos escarabeideos e novas sinonimias (Col. Scarabaeidae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 12, 247 - 264." type="journal article">Pereira &amp; d’Andretta (1955)</bibRefCitation>
used the presence of a midlongitudinal carina on the anterior slope of male pronotum of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FEF957903A8FFA69" box="[298,441,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FEF957903A8FFA69" box="[298,441,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to distinguish it from 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FD655790387BFA69" box="[694,845,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FD655790387BFA69" box="[694,845,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFFBFFC8FC8E579F38F6FA69" box="[861,960,1447,1472]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1076,1098]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,198,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[162,1425,195,1052]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Male head and pronotum. 6 – 9) Coprophanaeus machadoi. 10 – 11) C. saphirinus. White arrow indicates the midlongitudinal prolongation of the anterior margin of pronotum, which is triangular and flat in C. saphirinus and long, filiform, and sometimes raised in a sharp ridge in C. machadoi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224351/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Fig. 6–9</figureCitation>
). Males 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FBCC57903F81FA69" box="[1055,1207,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FBCC57903F81FA69" box="[1055,1207,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in general, have no trace of this carina; only in a few specimens there is a very faint longitudinal line marked on the anterior slope of pronotum. In many small males of the 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FD8657C839D3F9A1" box="[597,741,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FD8657C839D3F9A1" box="[597,741,1519,1544]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, the carina may be completely absent and, without locality data, it is more difficult to distinguish them from 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FCCB542D3899F984" box="[792,943,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FCCB542D3899F984" box="[792,943,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FC08542D3F5FF984" box="[987,1129,1556,1581]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FC08542D3F5FF984" box="[987,1129,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, anterior to and continuous with this carina, there is a midlongitudinal and filiform prolongation of the anterior pronotal margin that is elevated as a sharp and acute ridge in major specimens (
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFFBFFC8FD6B5464382AF9DC" box="[696,796,1628,1653]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1076,1098]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,198,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[162,1425,195,1052]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Male head and pronotum. 6 – 9) Coprophanaeus machadoi. 10 – 11) C. saphirinus. White arrow indicates the midlongitudinal prolongation of the anterior margin of pronotum, which is triangular and flat in C. saphirinus and long, filiform, and sometimes raised in a sharp ridge in C. machadoi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224351/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Fig. 6–9</figureCitation>
). Minor specimens have this prolongation progressively shorter and triangular, being absent in smaller individuals. In 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FC9C54B838D0F931" box="[847,998,1663,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FC9C54B838D0F931" box="[847,998,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, regardless of the size of the male, the prolongation may be short and triangular or absent (
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFFBFFC8FD38549C385CF915" box="[747,874,1700,1725]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1076,1098]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,198,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[162,1425,195,1052]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Male head and pronotum. 6 – 9) Coprophanaeus machadoi. 10 – 11) C. saphirinus. White arrow indicates the midlongitudinal prolongation of the anterior margin of pronotum, which is triangular and flat in C. saphirinus and long, filiform, and sometimes raised in a sharp ridge in C. machadoi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224351/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Fig. 10–11</figureCitation>
). In this latter case, the anterior margin is simply rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFFBFFC8FF1454D53AEAF875" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">
In one specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FE6654D5397EF8AC" box="[437,584,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FE6654D5397EF8AC" box="[437,584,1772,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
observed by us, the midlongitudinal carina is accompanied by a pair of divergent tubercles (
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFFBFFC8FE5255373AFEF881" box="[385,456,1807,1832]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1076,1098]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,198,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[162,1425,195,1052]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Male head and pronotum. 6 – 9) Coprophanaeus machadoi. 10 – 11) C. saphirinus. White arrow indicates the midlongitudinal prolongation of the anterior margin of pronotum, which is triangular and flat in C. saphirinus and long, filiform, and sometimes raised in a sharp ridge in C. machadoi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224351/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
). However, the presence of this feature does not appear to be unique to this species, since we observed two large males of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FDB3550D39CDF8E4" box="[608,763,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FDB3550D39CDF8E4" box="[608,763,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, one from Virgínia (Minas Gerais) and other from Santa Catarina, that have a pair of small elevations in the anterior slope of pronotum that we believe to be a very worn pair of tubercles. 
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFFBFFC8FEB9554439ADF83D" author="Edmonds" box="[362,667,1916,1941]" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" refString="Edmonds, W. D. &amp; Zidek, J. (2010) A taxonomic review of the Neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Insecta Mundi, 129, 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="2010">Edmonds &amp; Zidek (2010)</bibRefCitation>
also observed a pair of tubercles in a specimen identified as 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FA5155453A3BF810" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FA5155453A3BF810" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but since they did not provide the origin of this individual, it is impossible to know if it really was a 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FA5155993A3BF874" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FA5155993A3BF874" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or a 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFBFFC8FE9555FD3AE2F874" box="[326,468,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="439" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFBFFC8FE9555FD3AE2F874" box="[326,468,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="439">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="26936B91FFFAFFC9FF44560C3821FB21" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224351/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" targetBox="[162,1425,198,1051]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="72533B19FFFAFFC9FF44560C3821FB21" blockId="5.[151,1436,1076,1160]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFAFFC9FF44560C39AEFBE3" bold="true" box="[151,664,1076,1098]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">FIGURES 6–11. Male head and pronotum. 6–9)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFAFFC9FD4C560C389FFBE3" box="[671,937,1076,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFAFFC9FD4C560C389FFBE3" box="[671,937,1076,1098]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Coprophanaeus machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFAFFC9FC65560C38CAFBE3" bold="true" box="[950,1020,1076,1098]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">10–11)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFAFFC9FBD0560D3FBDFBE3" box="[1027,1163,1076,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFAFFC9FBD0560D3FBDFBE3" box="[1027,1163,1076,1098]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. White arrow indicates the midlongitudinal prolongation of the anterior margin of pronotum, which is triangular and flat in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFAFFC9FB71566C3E19FBC0" box="[1186,1327,1107,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFAFFC9FB71566C3E19FBC0" box="[1186,1327,1107,1129]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and long, filiform, and sometimes raised in a sharp ridge in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFAFFC9FD5C564A3827FB21" box="[655,785,1138,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFAFFC9FD5C564A3827FB21" box="[655,785,1138,1160]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="26936B91FFFAFFC9FF4455993823F85D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224352/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" targetBox="[160,1429,1202,1933]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="72533B19FFFAFFC9FF4455993823F85D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1952,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFAFFC9FF445599380AF81E" bold="true" box="[151,828,1952,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">
FIGURE 12–13. Aedeagi. 12) 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFAFFC9FE35559839CAF81F" box="[486,764,1952,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFAFFC9FE35559839CAF81F" bold="true" box="[486,764,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">Coprophanaeus machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 12a)
</emphasis>
Dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFAFFC9FC0755993F35F81E" bold="true" box="[980,1027,1953,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">12b)</emphasis>
Lateral view. 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFAFFC9FB4C55993EADF81E" bold="true" box="[1183,1435,1952,1975]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">
13) 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFAFFC9FB1855983E6DF81F" box="[1227,1371,1952,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFAFFC9FB1855983E6DF81F" bold="true" box="[1227,1371,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: 13a)
</emphasis>
Dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFAFFC9FEF355873A66F87C" bold="true" box="[288,336,1983,2005]" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">13b)</emphasis>
Lateral view. Arrow indicates the posterior flap of the apical process, which is just slightly elevated in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFAFFC9FA5755F83BCDF85D" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFAFFC9FA5755F83BCDF85D" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and is strongly elevated and curved in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFFAFFC9FD5455E73839F85D" box="[647,783,2014,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="440" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFFAFFC9FD5455E73839F85D" box="[647,783,2014,2036]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="440">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="26936B91FFF9FFCAFF4456EC3F2EFAF9" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224353/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" targetBox="[150,1436,193,1214]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="72533B19FFF9FFCAFF4456EC3F2EFAF9" blockId="6.[151,1436,1236,1360]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFF4456EC38D2FB43" bold="true" box="[151,996,1236,1258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
FIGURE 14. Distribution map of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFDD656EC382FFB43" box="[517,793,1236,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFDD656EC382FFB43" bold="true" box="[517,793,1236,1258]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Coprophanaeus machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFC8356EC38D2FB43" box="[848,996,1236,1258]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFC8356EC38D6FB43" box="[848,992,1236,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">C. saphirinus</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFC3956EC3FC0FB43" box="[1002,1270,1236,1258]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">Coprophanaeus machadoi</taxonomicName>
is distributed in eastern Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro, while 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFCF556CF3886FAA5" box="[806,944,1270,1292]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFCF556CF3886FAA5" box="[806,944,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is present from the Serra da Mantiqueira, in the border of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, to southern Brazil, Paraguay and Misiones (Argentina). Both species are restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in Parana Dominion of the Chacoan subregion.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFF9FFCAFF14574038A6F988" blockId="6.[151,1436,1400,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
The second distinguishing and most easily observable characteristic of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFBCB57413F9BFA38" box="[1048,1197,1400,1425]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFBCB57413F9BFA38" box="[1048,1197,1400,1425]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the shape of the parameres: in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFEE957A53AFCFA1C" box="[314,458,1436,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFEE957A53AFCFA1C" box="[314,458,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the parameres are only slightly concave laterally and the posterior flap of the apical process is only slightly elevated (
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFF9FFCAFDDC57F83955FA70" box="[527,611,1472,1497]" captionStart="FIGURE 12 – 13" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,1202,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1197,1937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 12 – 13. Aedeagi. 12) Coprophanaeus machadoi: 12 a) Dorsal view. 12 b) Lateral view. 13) C. saphirinus: 13 a) Dorsal view. 13 b) Lateral view. Arrow indicates the posterior flap of the apical process, which is just slightly elevated in C. machadoi and is strongly elevated and curved in C. saphirinus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224352/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
), while in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFD0F57F93845FA70" box="[732,883,1472,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFD0F57F93845FA70" box="[732,883,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the lateral curvature is much more profound and the posterior flap of the apical process is strongly elevated and curved (
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFF9FFCAFC7D57DC38C9FA54" box="[942,1023,1508,1533]" captionStart="FIGURE 12 – 13" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[160,1429,1202,1933]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,1197,1937]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 12 – 13. Aedeagi. 12) Coprophanaeus machadoi: 12 a) Dorsal view. 12 b) Lateral view. 13) C. saphirinus: 13 a) Dorsal view. 13 b) Lateral view. Arrow indicates the posterior flap of the apical process, which is just slightly elevated in C. machadoi and is strongly elevated and curved in C. saphirinus." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224352/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
). Indeed, this is the feature that more reliably differentiates males of both species, regardless of their size.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFF9FFCAFF1454153AECF804" blockId="6.[151,1436,1400,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFF9FFCAFF1454153939F9EF" box="[199,527,1581,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" refString="Pereira, F. S. &amp; d'Andretta, M. A. V. (1955) Novos escarabeideos e novas sinonimias (Col. Scarabaeidae). Papeis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 12, 247 - 264." type="journal article">Pereira &amp; d’Andretta (1955)</bibRefCitation>
stated that 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFD495416381AF9EF" box="[666,812,1581,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFD495416381AF9EF" box="[666,812,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differed from 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFC0854163F43F9EF" box="[987,1141,1581,1606]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFC0854163F43F9EF" box="[987,1141,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mainly by differences of elytral sculpture, with the striae being more strongly marked and the interstriae more distinctly punctured in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFA5154693A33F927" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFA5154693A33F927" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFEB6544E3ACBF927" box="[357,509,1653,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFEB6544E3ACBF927" box="[357,509,1653,1678]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFF9FFCAFDDE544D3805F924" author="Edmonds" box="[525,819,1653,1678]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" refString="Edmonds, W. D. &amp; Zidek, J. (2010) A taxonomic review of the Neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Insecta Mundi, 129, 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="2010">Edmonds &amp; Zidek (2010)</bibRefCitation>
considered this characteristic and the midlongitudinal carina as individual variations of the 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFDEF54A139FDF918" box="[572,715,1688,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFDEF54A139FDF918" box="[572,715,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="AD5785BBFFF9FFCAFD0054A03803F918" box="[723,821,1688,1713]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
within the intraspecific variation of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFB0754A13E5DF918" box="[1236,1387,1688,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFB0754A13E5DF918" box="[1236,1387,1688,1713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and thus established the synonymy between these two names. Despite that the elytral striae of the 
<typeStatus id="AD5785BBFFF9FFCAFB2054853E63F97F" box="[1267,1365,1725,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFA5154863A33F950" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFA5154863A33F950" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are really unusually marked (in fact, they are carinulate in a similar manner to those of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFB0454D93E52F950" box="[1239,1380,1761,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFB0454D93E52F950" box="[1239,1380,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. punctatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), we agree that this is a peculiar individual variation and that the most common condition in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFBAF553E3E3AF8B7" box="[1148,1292,1797,1822]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFBAF553E3E3AF8B7" box="[1148,1292,1797,1822]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to that of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFF3555113A4BF8E8" box="[230,381,1832,1857]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFF3555113A4BF8E8" box="[230,381,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, i.e. with very fine and superficial striae and smooth interstriae. The midlongitudinal pronotal carina and the filiform prolongation of the anterior pronotal margin, on the other hand, are consistently correlated with the structure of the parameres and together these three characteristics support the distinction between 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFA5155493A33F807" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFA5155493A33F807" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFEEF55AE3AE4F807" box="[316,466,1941,1966]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFEEF55AE3AE4F807" box="[316,466,1941,1966]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFF9FFCBFF145580391FFE21" blockId="6.[151,1436,1400,2038]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="442" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">
Trends in size and degree of development also support the validity of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFC3255813F47F878" box="[993,1137,1976,2001]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFC3255813F47F878" box="[993,1137,1976,2001]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although the total length (TL) and pronotal width (PW) averages are slightly larger in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFC8F55E638C0F85F" box="[860,1014,2013,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFC8F55E638C0F85F" box="[860,1014,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF9FFCAFB8A55E63FDCF85F" box="[1113,1258,2013,2038]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="441" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF9FFCAFB8A55E63FDCF85F" box="[1113,1258,2013,2038]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="441">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(TL= 17.7 and PW= 10.95, in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFE9052A03AE4FF19" box="[323,466,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFE9052A03AE4FF19" box="[323,466,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; and TL= 19.0 2 and PW= 12.0 9, in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFCBD52A03F33FF19" box="[878,1029,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFCBD52A03F33FF19" box="[878,1029,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), the most notable difference is that males of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFF2D52853ABBFF7C" box="[254,397,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFF2D52853ABBFF7C" box="[254,397,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are never as large nor have cephalic and pronotal ornamentation as developed as the largest males of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFF2D52D83AA3FF51" box="[254,405,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFF2D52D83AA3FF51" box="[254,405,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(TL 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFE1C52D83ACBFF5E" box="[463,509,224,247]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MX</collectingCountry>
= 21 and PW 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFD4452D839F3FF5E" box="[663,709,224,247]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MX</collectingCountry>
= 13, for 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFCFE52D8388DFF51" box="[813,955,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFCFE52D8388DFF51" box="[813,955,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males; and TL 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFBBE52D83FADFF5E" box="[1133,1179,224,247]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MX</collectingCountry>
= 23 and PW 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFAE652D83E55FF5E" box="[1333,1379,224,247]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MX</collectingCountry>
= 19, for 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFF6C533D3A60FEB4" box="[191,342,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFF6C533D3A60FEB4" box="[191,342,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
males). The cephalic horn, for example, is strongly curved backwards in some major males of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFA51533D3A3BFEE9" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFA51533D3A3BFEE9" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFF8FFCBFECF531F3A41FEE9" box="[284,375,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1076,1098]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,198,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[162,1425,195,1052]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Male head and pronotum. 6 – 9) Coprophanaeus machadoi. 10 – 11) C. saphirinus. White arrow indicates the midlongitudinal prolongation of the anterior margin of pronotum, which is triangular and flat in C. saphirinus and long, filiform, and sometimes raised in a sharp ridge in C. machadoi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224351/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Figs. 11</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFF8FFCBFE50531F3A97FEE9" box="[387,417,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1945,1967]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,193,1923]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,193,1923]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 15. Holotype of Coprophanaeus saphirinus (Sturm, 1826): 15 a) Dorsal view. 15 b) Ventral view. 15 c) Frontal view. 15 d) Lateral view. 15 e) Labels. 15 f) Sturm’s (1826) illustration of the holotype. 16: Holotype of Phanaeus chabrillaci Thomson, 1857: 16 a) Labels. 16 b) Dorsal view. 16 c) Ventral view. 16 d) Lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224354/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">15</figureCitation>
), while it is generally straight or at most only slightly curved apically in larger 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFADE53103EADFEE9" box="[1293,1435,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFADE53103EADFEE9" box="[1293,1435,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFF8FFCBFF4C53743A3AFECC" box="[159,268,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURES 6 – 11" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1076,1098]" captionTargetBox="[162,1425,198,1051]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[162,1425,195,1052]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 6 – 11. Male head and pronotum. 6 – 9) Coprophanaeus machadoi. 10 – 11) C. saphirinus. White arrow indicates the midlongitudinal prolongation of the anterior margin of pronotum, which is triangular and flat in C. saphirinus and long, filiform, and sometimes raised in a sharp ridge in C. machadoi." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224351/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Figs. 6–9</figureCitation>
). Size differences are repeated in females (TL 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFCCF5375387CFECD" box="[796,842,333,356]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MX</collectingCountry>
= 23 and PW 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFC3553753F22FECD" box="[998,1044,333,356]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MX</collectingCountry>
= 14, in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFBA153753E34FECC" box="[1138,1282,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFBA153753E34FECC" box="[1138,1282,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; TL 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFAE853753E5FFECD" box="[1339,1385,333,356]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MX</collectingCountry>
= 24 and PW 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFF2453483A13FE2E" box="[247,293,368,391]" name="Mexico" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MX</collectingCountry>
= 19, in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFE515348392FFE21" box="[386,537,367,392]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFE515348392FFE21" box="[386,537,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFF8FFCBFF1453AC3919FD64" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
The coloration pattern also has tendencies that differ between the two species. Firstly, a red form has not been observed in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFEF253803A86FE79" box="[289,432,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFEF253803A86FE79" box="[289,432,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, while it is found in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFD4E53803803FE79" box="[669,821,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFD4E53803803FE79" box="[669,821,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see the discussion of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFBE553803FF8FE79" box="[1078,1230,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFBE553803FF8FE79" box="[1078,1230,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). In 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFAD653803EA2FE79" box="[1285,1428,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFAD653803EA2FE79" box="[1285,1428,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, there are both blue and green specimens, some being predominantly light green, while others are dark blue; nonetheless, the most frequent color is dark green. In contrast, in 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFC4250383F1CFDB1" box="[913,1066,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFC4250383F1CFDB1" box="[913,1066,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, dark blue is the most common color, while light green specimens are less frequent. Thus, although it is impossible to differentiate individuals of the two species by color (except red), the relative predominance of blue or green is distinct between 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFADF50703EADFDC9" box="[1292,1435,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFADF50703EADFDC9" box="[1292,1435,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFF1650553A6DFD2C" box="[197,347,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFF1650553A6DFD2C" box="[197,347,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Additionally, based on the examined specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFC4C50553F1BFD2C" box="[927,1069,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFC4C50553F1BFD2C" box="[927,1069,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it appears that the green color is predominant at lower altitudes, while blue individuals are more common in higher altitudes, but this trend needs confirmation using more specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFF8FFCBFF1450EF3F1AFBB9" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
Finally, biogeography supports the morphological observations. 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFC6750EF3FE9FD59" box="[948,1247,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFC6750EF3FE9FD59" box="[948,1247,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Coprophanaeus machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is present from eastern Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo to southern Rio de Janeiro, where it is limited by the Serra da Bocaina mountains, on the border between the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo; south of Serra dos Órgãos (i.e., the northern portion of the Serra do Mar mountains), 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFD0B517D385CFCF4" box="[728,874,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFD0B517D385CFCF4" box="[728,874,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected only in coastal areas (Rio de Janeiro and 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFECC515F3A7DFC29" box="[287,331,871,896]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Grande) and is apparently absent in the Vale do Paraíba region in the state of Rio de Janeiro (
<figureCitation id="EAD7279CFFF8FFCBFABC515F3B80FC0D" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1236,1258]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,193,1214]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[149,1437,193,1215]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 14. Distribution map of Coprophanaeus machadoi and C. saphirinus. Coprophanaeus machadoi is distributed in eastern Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro, while C. saphirinus is present from the Serra da Mantiqueira, in the border of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, to southern Brazil, Paraguay and Misiones (Argentina). Both species are restricted to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in Parana Dominion of the Chacoan subregion." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/224353/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
). In its turn, 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFE9451B53AE9FC0C" box="[327,479,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFE9451B53AE9FC0C" box="[327,479,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distributed in the Serra da Mantiqueira and in the southern portion of the Serra do Mar (i.e., excluding the Serra dos Órgãos and including the portions localized in São Paulo to Santa Catarina states) south to southern 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFEB651EC3A9AFC44" box="[357,428,980,1005]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Brazil</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFE6951EC391AFC44" box="[442,556,980,1005]" name="Argentina" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Argentina</collectingCountry>
, and 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFDB851ED39E3FC44" box="[619,725,981,1005]" name="Paraguay" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
. Therefore, despite both species being restricted to the Parana dominion of the Chacoan subregion, apparently they are never found in sympatry.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFF8FFCBFF1456243F13FB09" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFF14562439CFFB9C" bold="true" box="[199,761,1052,1077]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Geographic distribution: Chacoan subregion:</emphasis>
Parana dominion: Atlantic and Parana Forest provinces. 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFF4456073A3DFBF1" bold="true" box="[151,267,1087,1112]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFF4456073A31FBF1" box="[151,263,1087,1112]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Minas Gerais: Açucena. Espírito Santo: Alegre, 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFCE5560738C0FBF1" box="[822,1014,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Fundão (Timbuí)</emphasis>
, Santa Teresa. Rio de Janeiro: Angra dos Reis (
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFEDD565C3A0DFBD4" box="[270,315,1124,1149]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Grande), Cachoeiras de Macacu, Cantagalo, Macaé, Nova Friburgo, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro (Parque Nacional da Tijuca), Teresópolis (Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AF66892FFF8FFCBFF14569438E3F8AD" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="72533B19FFF8FFCBFF145694389AFAA5" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFF1456943A64FB6C" bold="true" box="[199,338,1196,1221]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Comments:</emphasis>
Giving the cited locations, Harold’s (1875) report of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFC6256943FABFB6C" box="[945,1181,1196,1221]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFC6256943FABFB6C" box="[945,1181,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Phanaeus saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for Cantagalo (Rio de Janeiro) and the description of the larva of this species by 
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFF8FFCBFCCD56F738EFFB41" author="Edmonds" box="[798,985,1231,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" refString="Edmonds, W. D. (1967) The immature stages of Phanaeus (Coprophanaeus) jasius Oliver (sic) and Phanaeus (Metallophanaeus) saphirinus Sturm (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 21 (4), 97 - 105." type="journal article" year="1967">Edmonds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
(reared from a female collected in Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro) probably refer to misidentified 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFCC556CD3893FAA4" box="[790,933,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFCC556CD3893FAA4" box="[790,933,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFF8FFCBFF14572F3FE1FAD1" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFF14572F3A7BFA99" bold="true" box="[199,333,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Bionomics:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFF8FFCBFE87572F3939FA99" author="Edmonds" box="[340,527,1303,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" refString="Edmonds, W. D. (1967) The immature stages of Phanaeus (Coprophanaeus) jasius Oliver (sic) and Phanaeus (Metallophanaeus) saphirinus Sturm (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 21 (4), 97 - 105." type="journal article" year="1967">Edmonds (1967)</bibRefCitation>
noted that the female of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFCF457203883FA99" box="[807,949,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFCF457203883FA99" box="[807,949,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(cited as 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFBF1572F3E3BFA99" box="[1058,1293,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Phanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saphirinus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFBF1572F3E3BFA99" box="[1058,1293,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Phanaeus saphirinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) was able to build two brood balls even without the assistance of a male; he also observed that the duration of the development from egg to pupa lasted about 90 days. The female was collected using human excrement as bait.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFF8FFCBFF1457BC3EACFA69" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
There are collection records of 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFDF057BD3987FA34" box="[547,689,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFDF057BD3987FA34" box="[547,689,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for all months from October to April, suggesting that adults of this species are active only in the months of spring and summer, when the temperature is higher and there is more rain.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="72533B19FFF8FFCBFF1457F438E3F8AD" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFF1457F43A89FA4C" bold="true" box="[199,447,1484,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Conservation status:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFE1457F439D9FA4C" box="[455,751,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFE1457F439D9FA4C" box="[455,751,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Coprophanaeus machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is regarded as a critically endangered species in the state of Minas Gerais and is included in its official list of protected species (Minas Gerais, 2010; 
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFF8FFCBFB7C57D73EA7F9A1" author="Biodiversitas" box="[1199,1425,1519,1544]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" refString="Biodiversitas (2007) Revisao das listas das especies da flora e da fauna ameacadas de extincao do estado de Minas Gerais. Relatorio Final, Volume 3 (Resultados: lista vermelha da fauna de Minas Gerais). Fundacao Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte, 142 pp." type="book" year="2007">Biodiversitas, 2007</bibRefCitation>
). Nonetheless this species is not present on the Brazilian Red List of endangered species (
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFF8FFCBFBA5542C3E51F985" author="Machado" box="[1142,1383,1556,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" refString="Machado, A. B. M., Drummond, G. M. &amp; Paglia, A. P. (Org.) (2008) Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameacada de extincao. Ministerio do Meio Ambiente, Brasilia &amp; Fundacao Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte, 1420 pp. [2 vols]" type="book" year="2008">
Machado 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFB34542D3E2FF984" box="[1255,1305,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">et al</emphasis>
., 2008
</bibRefCitation>
) nor is it considered in the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2013). Although 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFCAA54003F3CF9F9" box="[889,1034,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="machadoi">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFCAA54003F3CF9F9" box="[889,1034,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">C. machadoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is certainly present in at least two Brazilian National Parks, Parque Nacional da Tijuca and Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, both in the state of Rio de Janeiro, this species is probably negatively impacted by the continuous deforestation and fragmentation of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (an impact that was vividly exposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFF8FFCBFC4D549C3F4BF915" author="Ribeiro" box="[926,1149,1700,1725]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" refString="Ribeiro, M. C., Metzger, J. P., Martensen, A. C., Ponzoni, F. J. &amp; Hirota, M. M. (2009) The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: how much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications of conservation. Biological Conservation, 142 (6), 1141 - 1153. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. biocon. 2009.02.021" type="journal article" year="2009">
Ribeiro 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFC2A549D3F1CF914" box="[1017,1066,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">et al</emphasis>
. (2009
</bibRefCitation>
)), especially because it is well demonstrated that 
<taxonomicName id="B5EC409AFFF8FFCBFE4D54FF3966F949" box="[414,592,1735,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Coprophanaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFE4D54FF3966F949" box="[414,592,1735,1760]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Coprophanaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species have a strong preference for forest habitats and, in many cases, are restricted to this environment (
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFF8FFCBFE3C54D43992F8AD" author="Edmonds" box="[495,676,1772,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" refString="Edmonds, W. D. (1972) Comparative skeletal morphology, systematics and evolution of the Phanaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). The Univertiy of Kansas Science Bulletin, 49, 731 - 874." type="journal article" year="1972">Edmonds, 1972</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="167D46E8FFF8FFCBFD7C54D438FFF8AD" author="Edmonds" box="[687,969,1772,1797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" refString="Edmonds, W. D. &amp; Zidek, J. (2010) A taxonomic review of the Neotropical genus Coprophanaeus Olsoufieff, 1924 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae). Insecta Mundi, 129, 1 - 111." type="journal article" year="2010">Edmonds &amp; Zidek, 2010</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AF66892FFF8FFC4FF1455373F84FCBD" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="443" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="72533B19FFF8FFC4FF1455373F84FCBD" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,789]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="443" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFF1455373A84F881" bold="true" box="[199,434,1807,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Material examined:</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFE6C55283914F881" box="[447,546,1807,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="male">73 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFD8B553739E0F881" box="[600,726,1807,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="female">53 females</specimenCount>
. 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFD3355373841F881" bold="true" box="[736,887,1807,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">NO DATA—</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFCA4552838F4F881" box="[887,962,1807,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF8FFCBFC0255283F12F881" box="[977,1060,1808,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">CEMT</collectionCode>
), 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFBE455283FBBF881" box="[1079,1165,1807,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF8FFCBFB4855283FC1F881" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1179,1271,1808,1832]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MNHN</collectionCode>
), 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFADA55283E5BF881" box="[1289,1389,1807,1832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="male">19 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFF44550C3A27F8E4" box="[151,273,1844,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF8FFCBFEF2550C3A4CF8E5" box="[289,378,1844,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">BMNH</collectionCode>
), and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFE6E550C3914F8E4" box="[445,546,1844,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="male">14 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFD8A550C39E2F8E4" box="[601,724,1844,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="female">12 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF8FFCBFD30550C3862F8E5" box="[739,852,1844,1868]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">OUMNH</collectionCode>
). 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF8FFCBFCB5550C38ECF8E4" bold="true" box="[870,986,1844,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFCB5550C38E3F8E4" box="[870,981,1844,1869]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">BRAZIL</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
no more data— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFB40550C3FDEF8E4" box="[1171,1256,1844,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="male">8 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF8FFCBFB25550C3E79F8E5" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1270,1359,1844,1868]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MNHN</collectionCode>
) and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFA5D550C3BEEF8D9" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF8FFCBFF3B55603A74F8D9" box="[232,322,1880,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">BMNH</collectionCode>
). ESPÍRITO 
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF8FFCBFE0B5560390FF8D9" box="[472,569,1880,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">SANTO</collectionCode>
: no more data— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFD2A556F3876F8D9" box="[761,832,1879,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFCAB556038D3F8D9" box="[888,997,1879,1904]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF8FFCBFC2655603F67F8D9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1013,1105,1880,1904]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MNHN</collectionCode>
); Alegre, Fazenda Jerusalém, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF8FFCBFF4455443A2FF83D" box="[151,281,1916,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" value="1912-11-03">03.XI.1912</date>
, J. F. Zikán col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFE3855443971F83C" box="[491,583,1916,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF8FFCBFD84554439ABF83D" box="[599,669,1916,1940]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2sxf-cwg4" name="Fundacao Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">FIOC</collectionCode>
); Santa Teresa, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF8FFCBFC9F55443896F83D" box="[844,928,1916,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" value="1991-02">II.1991</date>
, O. Roppa col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFBB655443FE6F83C" box="[1125,1232,1916,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF8FFCBFB0C55443E06F83D" box="[1247,1328,1916,1940]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MNRJ</collectionCode>
). 
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF8FFCBFA9155443EAAF83D" box="[1346,1436,1916,1940]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MINAS</collectionCode>
GERAIS: Rio José Pedro, without date, J. F. Zikán col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFCE35598384EF810" box="[816,888,1952,1977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF8FFCBFC5A559838EBF811" box="[905,989,1952,1976]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">CEMT</collectionCode>
); RIO 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFBF855993F66F811" box="[1067,1104,1953,1976]" name="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">DE</collectingCountry>
JANEIRO: without date and collector— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFEC455FC3A59F874" box="[279,367,1988,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="male">5 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFE7E55FC392BF874" box="[429,541,1988,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF8FFCBFDFC55FC39BEF875" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[559,648,1988,2012]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MNHN</collectionCode>
) and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFD1D55FC381EF874" box="[718,808,1988,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF8FFCBFCB555FC38FDF874" box="[870,971,1988,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="442" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF8FFCBFC0D55FC3F19F875" box="[990,1071,1988,2012]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">MNRJ</collectionCode>
); Angra dos Reis, 
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF8FFCBFADF55FC3E0EF874" box="[1292,1336,1988,2013]" name="Iceland" pageId="7" pageNumber="442">Ilha</collectingCountry>
Grande, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FF4452A03BC4FF19" box="[151,242,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1992-04">IV.1992</date>
, Theotonio col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FE1952AF3923FF19" box="[458,533,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FD8752A0398CFF19" box="[596,698,151,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FD1E52A03817FF19" box="[717,801,152,176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">CEMT</collectionCode>
); Cachoeiras de Macacu, Boca do Mato, I-II.2000, N. Tangerini col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FE8A52843A93FF7C" box="[345,421,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FE695284393DFF7D" box="[442,523,188,212]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">MNRJ</collectionCode>
); Cantagalo (Cantagallo), without date and collector— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FB4B52843FC4FF7C" box="[1176,1266,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">3 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FAE652843EAAFF7C" box="[1333,1436,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FF4C52D83BCDFF51" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[159,251,224,248]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">MNHN</collectionCode>
); Macaé, Serra de Macaé, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FDF352D83949FF51" box="[544,639,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1909-11">XI.1909</date>
, Garbe col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FCC852E73846FF51" box="[795,880,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FC7552D83F30FF51" box="[934,1030,223,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FBC652D83F52FF51" box="[1045,1124,224,248]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">MZSP</collectionCode>
); Nova Friburgo, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FAF952D83E48FF51" box="[1322,1406,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1998-02">II.1998</date>
, P. Grossi col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FEE6533C3A49FEB4" box="[309,383,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FE6E533C3917FEB4" box="[445,545,260,285]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FDE7533C39BEFEB5" box="[564,648,260,284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">CEMT</collectionCode>
); Nova Friburgo, Macaé de Cima (Haut Macahe), without date and collector— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FEC5531F3AB5FEE9" box="[278,387,295,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FE4653103AC7FEE9" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[405,497,296,320]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">MNHN</collectionCode>
); Nova Friburgo, Macaé de Cima, 
<quantity id="B51496FCFFF7FFC4FC55531F38DCFE96" box="[902,1002,295,320]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" unit="m" value="1500.0">1,500 m</quantity>
., 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FC2F53103F6CFEE9" box="[1020,1114,296,320]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="2000-03">III.2000</date>
, Lopes-Andrade, Gumier &amp; Vaz-de-Mello cols.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FE5F53743AE5FECC" box="[396,467,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FE3153743900FECD" box="[482,566,332,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">CEMT</collectionCode>
); Nova Friburgo, Macaé de Cima, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FC6B53743F17FECD" box="[952,1057,332,356]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="2000-12">XII.2000</date>
, P. &amp; E. Grossi cols.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FAF553743E5BFECC" box="[1318,1389,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FF4453483BCFFE21" box="[151,249,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FEDA53483A6BFE21" box="[265,349,368,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">CEMT</collectionCode>
); Nova Friburgo, Muri, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FDA6535739E8FE21" box="[629,734,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1976-12">XII.1976</date>
, Gred &amp; Guimarães cols.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FBCD53573F4DFE21" box="[1054,1147,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FB5853483FECFE21" box="[1163,1242,368,392]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">MZSP</collectionCode>
); Nova Friburgo, Muri, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FF3253AC3A7CFE05" box="[225,330,404,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1980-12">XII.1980</date>
, Gred &amp; Guimarães cols.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FD4B53AC39D4FE04" box="[664,738,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FD2553AC3873FE05" box="[758,837,404,428]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">MZSP</collectionCode>
); Petrópolis, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FC3253AC3F03FE05" box="[993,1077,404,428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1939-02">II.1939</date>
, J. C. N. Penido col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FA8253AC3EAAFE04" box="[1361,1436,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FF4C53803BD3FE79" box="[159,229,440,464]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2sxf-cwg4" name="Fundacao Instituto Oswaldo Cruz" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">FIOC</collectionCode>
); Petrópolis, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FEA5538F3AFCFE79" box="[374,458,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1957-02">II.1957</date>
, H. Clark col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FD55538F39FDFE79" box="[646,715,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FD0953803802FE79" box="[730,820,440,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">BMNH</collectionCode>
); Petrópolis, Alto Mosele, La Vallon, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FB0B53803EA1FE79" box="[1240,1431,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1957-02-01" valueMax="1957-03-08" valueMin="1957-02-01">01.II-08.III.1957</date>
, Dzley col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FEF853E43AB1FE5C" box="[299,391,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FE4553E43AD1FE5D" box="[406,487,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">MNRJ</collectionCode>
); Petrópolis, Independência, without date, Mario Rosa col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FB4A53E43FE9FE5C" box="[1177,1247,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FB3D53E43E09FE5D" box="[1262,1343,476,500]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">MNRJ</collectionCode>
); Rio de Janeiro, Floresta da Tijuca, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FE0853C73950FDB1" box="[475,614,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1966-12-20">20.XII.1966</date>
, Celso Jr. col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FCFD53C738BBFDB1" box="[814,909,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FC73503838C2FDB1" box="[928,1012,512,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">CEMT</collectionCode>
); Rio de Janeiro, Floresta da Tijuca, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FF44501C3BC0FD95" box="[151,246,548,572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1983-11">XI.1983</date>
, C. Godinho col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FE09501C3914FD94" box="[474,546,548,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FDE0501C3948FD95" box="[563,638,548,572]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">CPFA</collectionCode>
); Rio de Janeiro, Floresta da Tijuca, Represa Rio Grande, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FACA501C3E59FD94" box="[1305,1391,548,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1962-10">X.1962</date>
, M. Alvarenga col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FE8E507F3A8FFDC9" box="[349,441,583,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FE1A5070392EFDC9" box="[457,536,584,608]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/9yp6-zxp9" name="Sao Paulo, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">MZSP</collectionCode>
); Rio de Janeiro, Sumaré, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FC9150703897FDC9" box="[834,929,584,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1994-11">XI.1994</date>
, Celso Godinho col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FB74507F3E32FDC9" box="[1191,1284,583,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FAC050703E52FDC9" box="[1299,1380,584,608]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">CEMT</collectionCode>
) and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FF4450543BD5FD2C" box="[151,227,620,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FF2750543A09FD2D" box="[244,319,620,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">CPFA</collectionCode>
); Serra dos Órgãos, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FDF5505439B9FD2D" box="[550,655,620,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1940-12">XII.1940</date>
, Parko col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FCE35054384EFD2C" box="[816,888,620,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FC5A505438ECFD2D" box="[905,986,620,644]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">MNRJ</collectionCode>
); Teresópolis, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FBAD50543FD0FD2D" box="[1150,1254,620,644]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1939-12">XII.1939</date>
, Freitas col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FA4050543BFBFD01" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FF0F50A83A1BFD01" box="[220,301,656,680]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">MNRJ</collectionCode>
); Teresópolis, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FE0350A83977FD01" box="[464,577,656,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1940-08">VIII.1940</date>
, without collector— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FCFD50B73842FD01" box="[814,884,655,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FC5050A838F8FD01" box="[899,974,656,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">CPFA</collectionCode>
); Teresópolis, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FBA250A83FE8FD01" box="[1137,1246,656,680]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1993-01-14">14.I.1993</date>
, A. Belo col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FA4050B73BFBFD64" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
and 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FED8508C3A4CFD64" box="[267,378,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="female">3 females</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FE5F508C3AD6FD65" box="[396,480,692,716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">CEMT</collectionCode>
); Teresópolis, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FB9D508C3F8AFD64" box="[1102,1212,692,717]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1957-01-26">26.I.1957</date>
, D. Zajciw col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FA40508C3BD5FD59" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FF2150E03A75FD59" box="[242,323,728,752]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">MNRJ</collectionCode>
); Teresópolis, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, 
<date id="06521DD9FFF7FFC4FC4250EF3F3CFD59" box="[913,1034,727,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" value="1960-10-25">25.X.1960</date>
, D. Zajciw col.— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FB0650EF3E07FD59" box="[1237,1329,727,752]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FA9350E03EA7FD59" box="[1344,1425,728,752]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/zi1i-a0b5" name="Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">MNRJ</collectionCode>
). 
<emphasis id="4098E70BFFF7FFC4FF4450C43923FCBC" bold="true" box="[151,533,764,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">
<collectingCountry id="0AFB7B89FFF7FFC4FF4450C43A12FCBC" box="[151,292,764,789]" name="Uruguay" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">URUGUAY</collectingCountry>
(surely mislabeled):
</emphasis>
Montevideo, without date and collector— 
<specimenCount id="64EAF090FFF7FFC4FC2450C43F0BFCBC" box="[1015,1085,764,789]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(
<collectionCode id="14FDA3DCFFF7FFC4FB9F50C43F90FCBD" box="[1100,1190,764,788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="443">BMNH</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>