700 lines
66 KiB
XML
700 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.051.0212" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7913777" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1683579024145" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Londt, Jason G. H." docDate="2010" docId="FA455017FFFAAD5AFEB1716B4EA6FDE4" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.51.2.431-482.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 51 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.051.0212" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.3:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Sporadothrix gracilis : Hermann 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="464" masterDocId="067C286FFFE4AD7BFFED75294D5FFFC2" masterDocTitle="A review of Afrotropical Acnephalum Macquart, 1838, including the reinstatement of Sporadothrix Hermann, 1907 and descriptions of two new genera (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae)" masterLastPageNumber="431" masterPageNumber="431" pageNumber="461" updateTime="1683633860393" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A review of Afrotropical Acnephalum Macquart, 1838, including the reinstatement of Sporadothrix Hermann, 1907 and descriptions of two new genera (Diptera: Asilidae: Stenopogoninae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Londt, Jason G. H.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2010-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>51</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>431</mods:start>
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<mods:end>431</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.051.0212</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.051.0212</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7913777</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA455017FFFAAD5AFEB1716B4EA6FDE4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA455017FFFAAD5AFEB1716B4EA6FDE4" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">
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<subSubSection box="[348,899,1090,1117]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1090,1672]" box="[348,899,1090,1117]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">
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<heading box="[348,899,1090,1117]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6ZCZJ" ID-ENA="2173583" authority="Hermann, 1907" authorityName=": Hermann" authorityYear="1907" box="[348,769,1090,1117]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Sporadothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis box="[348,589,1090,1116]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">Sporadothrix gracilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="HERMANN, F." box="[595,769,1090,1117]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" pagination="65 - 78" refId="ref38587" refString="HERMANN, F. 1907. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Asiliden (III). (Dipt.). Zeitschrift fur Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 7: 1 - 16, 65 - 78." type="journal article" year="1907">Hermann, 1907</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[776,899,1090,1116]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">comb. rev.</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[469,778,1130,1157]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1090,1672]" box="[469,778,1130,1157]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">
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<figureCitation box="[469,540,1130,1156]" captionStart="Figs 1–5" captionStartId="41.[181,220,1411,1433]" captionTargetBox="[194,1125,361,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-9@41.[181,1141,348,1396]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figs 1–5. Appearance of entire specimens: (1) Acnephalomyia andrenoides (Wiedemann, 1828) [lectotype ♂ Dasypogon quadratus Wiedemann, 1828]; (2) Afroholopogon futilis (Wulp, 1899) [lectotype ♂ Acnephalum futilis Wulp, 1899]; (3) Sporadothrix gracilis Hermann, 1907, ♂ from 65 km SE Noenieput; (4) Ammodaimon platythrix sp. n., holotype ♂; (5) Astiptomyia bikos sp. n., paratype ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7913781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7913781/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">Figs 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[553,569,1130,1156]" captionStart="Figs 6–11" captionStartId="42.[144,183,1125,1147]" captionTargetBox="[155,1091,484,1058]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[144,1104,458,1076]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figs 6–11. Wing venation (none removed from specimens): (6) Acnephalum olivierii Macquart, 1838, holotype; (7) Acnephalomyia andrenoides (Wiedemann, 1828), lectotype ♂ Dasypogon andrenoides Wiedemann, 1828 (the shadow in the region of the anal cell is a leg situated below the wing); (8) Acnephalomyia platygaster (Loew, 1858), ♂ from 60 km S Aus; (9) Sporadothrix gracilis Hermann, 1907, ♂ from 39 km WNW of Upington; (10) Ammodaimon platythrix sp. n., holotype ♂; (11) Astiptomyia bikos sp. n., paratype ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7913783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7913783/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[581,653,1130,1156]" captionStart="Figs 12–23" captionStartId="43.[181,220,1427,1449]" captionTargetBox="[202,1108,232,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-9@43.[200,1122,220,1403]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figs 12–23.(12, 13) Head in anterior view:(12) Acnephalum olivierii Macquart, 1838,holotype (dotted lines show angle subtended by frons/vertex); (13) Acnephalomyia andrenoides (Wiedemann, 1828), lectotype;(14–18)Antennae,lateral view:(14) A.olivierii holotype;(15) A.andrenoides lectotype; (16) Sporadothrix gracilis Hermann, 1907, ca 65 km SE Noenieput ♂; (17) Ammodaimon platythrix sp. n., holotype ♂; (18) Astiptomyia bikos sp. n., holotype; (19–23) Tarsomere 5 and associated structures: (19) A. olivierii holotype; (20) A. andrenoides lectotype; (21) Sporadothrix gracilis Hermann, 1907, ca 65 km SE Noenieput ♂; (22) Ammodaimon platythrix sp. n., holotype ♂; (23) Astiptomyia bikos sp. n., holotype. Scale lines = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7913785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7913785/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">16, 21</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[665,738,1130,1157]" captionStart="Figs 52–63" captionStartId="47.[181,220,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox="[208,1129,313,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-58@47.[181,1141,309,1464]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figs 52–63. Male terminalia: (52–54) Afroholopogon futilis (Wulp, 1899) lectotype, lateral, dorsal and ventral; (55–57) Sporadothrix gracilis Hermann, 1907, holotype, lateral, dorsal and ventral; (58–60) Ammodaimon platythrix sp. n. holotype,lateral, dorsal and ventral; (61–63) Astiptomyia bikos sp. n. holotype lateral, dorsal and ventral. Scale lines = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7913797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7913797/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">55–57</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation box="[750,778,1130,1156]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[144,177,852,874]" captionTargetBox="[287,981,263,828]" captionTargetId="figure-9@50.[286,982,256,834]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 68. Distribution of species: Acnephalomyia iota sp. n. – diamonds; A. probolos sp. n. – star; Sporadothrix gracilis Hermann, 1907 – circles; Ammodaimon platythrix sp. n. – triangle; Astiptomyia bikos sp. n. – square." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7913813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7913813/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">68</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="461" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1090,1672]" box="[144,1060,1168,1191]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[144,1060,1168,1191]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">
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<treatmentCitation author="HERMANN, F." box="[144,522,1169,1190]" page="10" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" year="1907">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="6ZCZJ" authority=": Hermann 1907: 10" authorityName=": Hermann" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1907" box="[144,522,1169,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Sporadothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis box="[144,338,1169,1190]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">Sporadothrix gracilis</emphasis>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="HERMANN, F." box="[350,522,1169,1190]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" pagination="65 - 78" refId="ref38587" refString="HERMANN, F. 1907. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Asiliden (III). (Dipt.). Zeitschrift fur Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie 7: 1 - 16, 65 - 78." type="journal article" year="1907">Hermann 1907: 10</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Hull 1062: 347;
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<treatmentCitation author="OLDROYD, H." box="[681,845,1169,1191]" page="83" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" year="1974">
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<bibRefCitation author="OLDROYD, H." box="[681,845,1169,1191]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 171" refId="ref39202" refString="OLDROYD, H. 1974. An introduction to the robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of southern Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum 22 (1): 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="1974">Oldroyd 1974: 83</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; 1981: 370 (catalogue).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1090,1672]" box="[144,831,1192,1215]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[144,831,1192,1215]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">
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<treatmentCitation author="OLDROYD, H." box="[144,546,1192,1215]" page="26" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" year="1974">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="9FLT" authority="Oldroyd, 1974: 26" authorityName="Oldroyd" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="1974" box="[144,546,1192,1215]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Acnephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindricum">
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<emphasis box="[144,371,1193,1214]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">Acnephalum cylindricum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="OLDROYD, H." box="[377,546,1192,1215]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" pagination="1 - 171" refId="ref39202" refString="OLDROYD, H. 1974. An introduction to the robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of southern Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum 22 (1): 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="1974">Oldroyd, 1974: 26</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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; 1981: 359 (catalogue).
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[766,831,1192,1214]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">Syn. n.</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1090,1672]" box="[144,490,1216,1239]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">
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<taxonomicName authority=": Londt 1994: 76" authorityName=": Londt" authorityPageNumber="76" authorityYear="1994" box="[144,486,1216,1239]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Acnephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis box="[144,332,1217,1238]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">Acnephalum gracilis</emphasis>
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: Londt 1994: 76
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="30" pageNumber="461" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1090,1672]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">
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Redescription (Based on unique
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<typeStatus box="[501,603,1253,1279]" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">holotype</typeStatus>
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. Condition: Fair; both eyes deformed through contractions (may have been mounted from alcohol); tips of antennal styles broken (terminal spines missing); wings badly damaged (right wing broken off beyond where Sc meets C, left wing broken off beyond where R
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<subScript attach="left" box="[696,704,1367,1381]" fontSize="6" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">1</subScript>
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meets C), posterior margins mostly missing.):
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1104,1090,1672]" lastBlockId="31.[181,1142,1124,1674]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="462" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">
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<emphasis box="[144,203,1421,1447]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="461">Head</emphasis>
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: Dark red-brown, pale yellowish white setose, slightly greasy (pruinescence not evident). Antenna: Uniformly red-brown. Segmental ratios 1.0:1.3:3.3:1.0:2.5 (tip missing) – scape slightly shorter than pedicel, both segments with short whitish macrosetae (far shorter than postpedicel); postpedicel less than twice length of scape and pedicel combined; proximal element of 2-segmented style as long as scape; distal element of style as long or longer than scape and pedicel combined. Face red-brown, entirely silver pruinose. Mystax whitish, covering entire face. Frons, vertex and postocular region red-brown, whitish setose; angle subtended by eye margins at level of frons/vertex
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<emphasis box="[414,426,1125,1150]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">c</emphasis>
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. 12°. Proboscis orange-brown to dark red-brown, whitish setose. Palpus 2-segmented, whitish setose.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="31.[330,994,204,257]" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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<tableNote pageId="31" pageNumber="462" targetBox="[197,1128,275,1087]" targetPageId="31">
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TABLE 2 Some characters separating the genera
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2010" box="[683,824,235,256]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Acnephalomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[683,824,235,256]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Acnephalomyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName=": Hermann" authorityYear="1907" box="[868,988,235,256]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Sporadothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis box="[868,988,235,256]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Sporadothrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</tableNote>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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<table box="[197,1128,275,1087]" gridcols="3" gridrows="31" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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||
<tr box="[197,1128,275,297]" gridrow="0" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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||
<th box="[197,586,275,297]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[343,442,275,297]" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Character</emphasis>
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</th>
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<th box="[616,848,275,297]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2010" box="[659,805,275,297]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Acnephalomyia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[659,805,275,297]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Acnephalomyia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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<th box="[877,1128,275,297]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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<taxonomicName authorityName=": Hermann" authorityYear="1907" box="[940,1063,275,297]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Sporadothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="462" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[940,1063,275,297]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Sporadothrix</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</th>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[197,1128,307,329]" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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||
<th box="[197,586,307,329]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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<emphasis box="[197,273,308,329]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Antenna</emphasis>
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: Length of style (all elements)
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</th>
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<td box="[616,848,307,329]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Style clearly shorter</td>
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<td box="[877,1128,307,329]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Style clearly longer</td>
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</tr>
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||
<tr box="[197,1128,331,353]" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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<th box="[197,586,331,353]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">relative to lengths of scape and pedicel</th>
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<td box="[616,848,331,353]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">than scape and pedicel</td>
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<td box="[877,1128,331,353]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">than scape and pedicel</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[197,1128,355,377]" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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||
<th box="[197,586,355,377]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">combined.</th>
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||
<td box="[616,848,355,377]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">combined.</td>
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<td box="[877,1128,355,377]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">combined.</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[197,1128,387,409]" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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||
<th box="[197,586,387,409]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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||
<emphasis box="[197,246,387,408]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Head</emphasis>
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: Extent of pruinescence.
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||
</th>
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||
<td box="[616,848,387,409]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Head fairly extensively</td>
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<td box="[877,1128,387,409]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Head entirely pruinose.</td>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[197,1128,411,433]" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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<th box="[197,1128,411,433]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">apruinose.</th>
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||
</tr>
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||
<tr box="[197,1128,443,465]" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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||
<th box="[197,586,443,465]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
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||
<emphasis box="[197,262,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Thorax</emphasis>
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(pronotum, mesonotum, scutellum,
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</th>
|
||
<td box="[616,848,443,465]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Thorax fairly extensively</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,443,465]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Thorax entirely pruinose.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,467,489]" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="462" rowspan-2="1">
|
||
<th box="[197,586,467,489]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">pleura and coxae): Extent of pruinescence.</th>
|
||
<td box="[616,848,467,489]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">apruinose.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,498,520]" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,586,498,520]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<emphasis box="[197,262,498,519]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Shape of mesonotum in dorsal
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[616,848,498,520]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Mesonotal length equal</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,498,520]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Mesonotum clearly longer</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,522,544]" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,586,522,544]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">view (maximum length to maximum</th>
|
||
<td box="[616,848,522,544]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">to or shorter than breadth</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,522,544]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
than wide (
|
||
<emphasis box="[979,989,523,544]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">c</emphasis>
|
||
. 1.3 times as
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,546,568]" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,586,546,568]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">breadth ratio).</th>
|
||
<td box="[616,848,546,568]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">(i.e. almost circular in</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,546,568]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">long as broad).</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,571,592]" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,1128,571,592]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">appearance).</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,602,624]" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,586,602,624]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<emphasis box="[197,262,602,623]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Development of katepisternal
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[616,848,602,624]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Katepisternal setae</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,602,624]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Katepisternal setae well</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,626,648]" gridrow="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,586,626,648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">setae.</th>
|
||
<td box="[616,848,626,648]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">absent to poorly deve-</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,626,648]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">developed (many and</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,650,672]" gridrow="14" pageId="31" pageNumber="462" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[616,848,650,672]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">loped (few and short).</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,650,672]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">long).</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,682,704]" gridrow="15" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,586,682,704]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<emphasis box="[197,240,683,704]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: Development of pulvilli.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[616,848,682,704]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Present, but poorly</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,682,704]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Absent (or so minute as to</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,706,728]" gridrow="16" pageId="31" pageNumber="462" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[616,848,706,728]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
developed (
|
||
<emphasis box="[723,733,707,728]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">c</emphasis>
|
||
. one-third
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,706,728]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">be considered absent).</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,730,752]" gridrow="17" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,1128,730,752]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">the length of claws).</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,762,784]" gridrow="18" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,586,762,784]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<emphasis box="[197,283,762,783]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: General shape (defined by
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[616,848,762,784]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Dorsoventrally</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,762,784]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Cylindrical (T3 longer than</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,786,808]" gridrow="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,586,786,808]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">length and breadth of terga).</th>
|
||
<td box="[616,848,786,808]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">compressed (T3 much</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,786,808]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">wide).</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,810,832]" gridrow="20" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,1128,810,832]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">wider than long).</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,841,863]" gridrow="21" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,586,841,863]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<emphasis box="[197,283,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: General development (defined
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[616,848,841,863]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Segments 1–6 well-deve-</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,841,863]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
Segments 1–8
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,865,887]" gridrow="22" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,586,865,887]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">wellby number of clearly visible terga and</th>
|
||
<td box="[616,848,865,887]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">loped and clearly visible.</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,865,887]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">developed and clearly seen.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,889,911]" gridrow="23" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,586,889,911]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">sterna).</th>
|
||
<td box="[616,848,889,911]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Segments 7–8 and</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,889,911]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Terminalia not greatly</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,913,935]" gridrow="24" pageId="31" pageNumber="462" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[616,848,913,935]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">terminalia much reduced,</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,913,935]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">reduced and hidden from</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,937,959]" gridrow="25" pageId="31" pageNumber="462" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[616,848,937,959]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">withdrawn and largely</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,937,959]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">view.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,961,983]" gridrow="26" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,1128,961,983]" colspan="3" colspanRight="2" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">hidden from view.</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,993,1015]" gridrow="27" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<th box="[197,586,993,1015]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<emphasis box="[197,313,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Hypopygium</emphasis>
|
||
: Development of epandrium.
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td box="[616,848,993,1015]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Epandrium poorly deve-</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,993,1015]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Epandrium well developed,</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,1017,1039]" gridrow="28" pageId="31" pageNumber="462" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[616,848,1017,1039]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">loped, slightly indented</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,1017,1039]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">almost completely incised</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,1041,1063]" gridrow="29" pageId="31" pageNumber="462" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[616,848,1041,1063]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">distomedially to form</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,1041,1063]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">medially, forming a pair of</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[197,1128,1065,1087]" gridrow="30" pageId="31" pageNumber="462" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<td box="[616,848,1065,1087]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">weakly developed lobes.</td>
|
||
<td box="[877,1128,1065,1087]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">well-developed lobes.</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[181,1142,1124,1674]" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<emphasis box="[181,261,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Uniformly dark red-brown. Pronotum white setose. Mesonotum whitish setose. Lateral macrosetae moderately developed, pale yellowish white. Pleura largely asetose except for some long, straight, white katatergals and dorsally situated anepisternals. Katepisternum long white setose. Scutellum dark red-brown, gold-silver pruinose, with poorly developed transverse, subapical groove. Eight well developed pale yellowish apical macrosetae, unaccompanied by shorter setae; disc asetose.Legs: Dark red brown, distal ends of femora and proximal parts of femora and
|
||
<emphasis box="[805,835,1386,1412]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">tib</emphasis>
|
||
yellowish. Setae yellowish white. Ventral parts of
|
||
<emphasis box="[435,468,1418,1443]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">tar</emphasis>
|
||
and terminal end of
|
||
<emphasis box="[698,728,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">tib</emphasis>
|
||
with short, black setae. Claws black, long (about as long as tarsomere 5); empodia slender, yellowish, less than half length of claws; pulvilli absent. Haltere pale yellow-white, base slightly darker. Wing (damaged, usual measurements impossible): Distance between humeral crossvein and tip of R
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[1133,1141,1532,1546]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">1</subScript>
|
||
<quantity box="[181,274,1546,1572]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="31" pageNumber="462" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Veins brown-yellow, membrane entirely lacking microtrichiae. Membrane entirely transparent and unstained. Vein R
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[651,659,1596,1610]" fontSize="6" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">4</subScript>
|
||
with shortish basal stump-vein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[181,1142,1124,1674]" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">
|
||
<emphasis box="[181,287,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="462">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Uniformly dark red-brown to black; pale yellow-white. Eight terga clearly discernable, T2–6 longer than wide. Terga apruinose, sterna finely goldish pruinose.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[144,1105,203,1670]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">
|
||
Genitalia exposed (not withdrawn between terminal terga and sterna) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[957,1092,203,230]" captionStart="Figs 52–63" captionStartId="47.[181,220,1476,1498]" captionTargetBox="[208,1129,313,1455]" captionTargetId="figure-58@47.[181,1141,309,1464]" captionTargetPageId="47" captionText="Figs 52–63. Male terminalia: (52–54) Afroholopogon futilis (Wulp, 1899) lectotype, lateral, dorsal and ventral; (55–57) Sporadothrix gracilis Hermann, 1907, holotype, lateral, dorsal and ventral; (58–60) Ammodaimon platythrix sp. n. holotype,lateral, dorsal and ventral; (61–63) Astiptomyia bikos sp. n. holotype lateral, dorsal and ventral. Scale lines = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7913797" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7913797/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Figs 55–57</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<emphasis box="[144,217,236,262]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Epand</emphasis>
|
||
medially incised to form two clearly defined lobes; lobes project to a similar extent as external parts of
|
||
<emphasis box="[443,510,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">goncx</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis box="[525,578,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Proc</emphasis>
|
||
juts out to about same level achieved by
|
||
<emphasis box="[1049,1103,268,294]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">hypd</emphasis>
|
||
(lateral view). External lobe of
|
||
<emphasis box="[510,577,300,325]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">goncx</emphasis>
|
||
suboval in lateral view, interior lobe slender, slightly down-curved distally.
|
||
<emphasis box="[486,547,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Hypd</emphasis>
|
||
broadly rounded basally, tapering distally to narrowly rounded apex which has a small medial lobe.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[144,1105,203,1670]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<emphasis box="[144,198,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Note</emphasis>
|
||
: As the antennae and wings of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[594,695,404,430]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
are damaged, the following measurements are those of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oldroyd" authorityYear="1974" box="[424,562,436,462]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Acnephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindricum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[424,562,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">cylindricum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus box="[569,673,436,462]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, which is larger than the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Londt" authorityYear="1994" box="[959,1048,436,462]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Acnephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[959,1048,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type (distance between humeral crossvein and tip of R
|
||
<subScript attach="left" box="[718,726,486,500]" fontSize="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">1</subScript>
|
||
being
|
||
<quantity box="[806,900,468,494]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
). Antennal ratios: 1:1.2:3.5:1.1:2.2. Wing: 8.6×
|
||
<quantity box="[485,579,499,526]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Illustrations of an entire specimen (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1016,1088,500,526]" captionStart="Figs 1–5" captionStartId="41.[181,220,1411,1433]" captionTargetBox="[194,1125,361,1385]" captionTargetId="figure-9@41.[181,1141,348,1396]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figs 1–5. Appearance of entire specimens: (1) Acnephalomyia andrenoides (Wiedemann, 1828) [lectotype ♂ Dasypogon quadratus Wiedemann, 1828]; (2) Afroholopogon futilis (Wulp, 1899) [lectotype ♂ Acnephalum futilis Wulp, 1899]; (3) Sporadothrix gracilis Hermann, 1907, ♂ from 65 km SE Noenieput; (4) Ammodaimon platythrix sp. n., holotype ♂; (5) Astiptomyia bikos sp. n., paratype ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7913781" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7913781/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
), antenna (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[250,335,531,558]" captionStart="Figs 12–23" captionStartId="43.[181,220,1427,1449]" captionTargetBox="[202,1108,232,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-9@43.[200,1122,220,1403]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figs 12–23.(12, 13) Head in anterior view:(12) Acnephalum olivierii Macquart, 1838,holotype (dotted lines show angle subtended by frons/vertex); (13) Acnephalomyia andrenoides (Wiedemann, 1828), lectotype;(14–18)Antennae,lateral view:(14) A.olivierii holotype;(15) A.andrenoides lectotype; (16) Sporadothrix gracilis Hermann, 1907, ca 65 km SE Noenieput ♂; (17) Ammodaimon platythrix sp. n., holotype ♂; (18) Astiptomyia bikos sp. n., holotype; (19–23) Tarsomere 5 and associated structures: (19) A. olivierii holotype; (20) A. andrenoides lectotype; (21) Sporadothrix gracilis Hermann, 1907, ca 65 km SE Noenieput ♂; (22) Ammodaimon platythrix sp. n., holotype ♂; (23) Astiptomyia bikos sp. n., holotype. Scale lines = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7913785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7913785/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
), wing (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[431,501,532,558]" captionStart="Figs 6–11" captionStartId="42.[144,183,1125,1147]" captionTargetBox="[155,1091,484,1058]" captionTargetId="figure-8@42.[144,1104,458,1076]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figs 6–11. Wing venation (none removed from specimens): (6) Acnephalum olivierii Macquart, 1838, holotype; (7) Acnephalomyia andrenoides (Wiedemann, 1828), lectotype ♂ Dasypogon andrenoides Wiedemann, 1828 (the shadow in the region of the anal cell is a leg situated below the wing); (8) Acnephalomyia platygaster (Loew, 1858), ♂ from 60 km S Aus; (9) Sporadothrix gracilis Hermann, 1907, ♂ from 39 km WNW of Upington; (10) Ammodaimon platythrix sp. n., holotype ♂; (11) Astiptomyia bikos sp. n., paratype ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7913783" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7913783/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
) and tar 5 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[635,719,532,558]" captionStart="Figs 12–23" captionStartId="43.[181,220,1427,1449]" captionTargetBox="[202,1108,232,1395]" captionTargetId="figure-9@43.[200,1122,220,1403]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figs 12–23.(12, 13) Head in anterior view:(12) Acnephalum olivierii Macquart, 1838,holotype (dotted lines show angle subtended by frons/vertex); (13) Acnephalomyia andrenoides (Wiedemann, 1828), lectotype;(14–18)Antennae,lateral view:(14) A.olivierii holotype;(15) A.andrenoides lectotype; (16) Sporadothrix gracilis Hermann, 1907, ca 65 km SE Noenieput ♂; (17) Ammodaimon platythrix sp. n., holotype ♂; (18) Astiptomyia bikos sp. n., holotype; (19–23) Tarsomere 5 and associated structures: (19) A. olivierii holotype; (20) A. andrenoides lectotype; (21) Sporadothrix gracilis Hermann, 1907, ca 65 km SE Noenieput ♂; (22) Ammodaimon platythrix sp. n., holotype ♂; (23) Astiptomyia bikos sp. n., holotype. Scale lines = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7913785" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7913785/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
) are those of other specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[144,1105,203,1670]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">
|
||
Variation: Previously known only from the
|
||
<specimenCount box="[624,720,572,598]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="generic" typeStatus="type">two type</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens listed below, I can now list further
|
||
<specimenCount box="[266,421,604,630]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="generic">31 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
. This is a remarkably consistent species showing no variation of significance. There is a little variation in size, males (wing length
|
||
<quantity box="[956,1096,635,662]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="6.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="8.8" valueMin="6.2">6.2–8.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) being slightly smaller than females (wing length
|
||
<quantity box="[692,845,667,694]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" metricValueMax="10.9" metricValueMin="6.3" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="mm" value="8.6" valueMax="10.9" valueMin="6.3">6.3–10.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[144,1105,203,1670]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">
|
||
Type specimens examined:
|
||
<typeStatus box="[396,480,703,725]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Hermann" authorityYear="1907" box="[494,688,703,724]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Sporadothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[494,688,703,724]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Sporadothrix gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
):
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[709,812,703,724]" name="Namibia" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">NAMIBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount box="[820,837,704,725]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
‘Brit. S.W: Afrika / Kalahari [
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[149,222,727,749]" degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="05" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="925" value="-19.083334">19°05'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[225,300,727,749]" degrees="14" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="925" value="14.583333">14°35'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
] / L. Schultze S.’, ‘Holotypus’ [red], ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Hermann" authorityYear="1907" box="[632,750,727,748]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Sporadothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[632,750,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Sporadothrix</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Hermann" authorityYear="1907" box="[765,833,727,748]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Sporadothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[765,833,727,748]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Type Hr / Kalahari / Nr 968.2 / Det. / Dr. F. Hermann [last 2 lines sideways]’ (ZMHB).
|
||
<typeStatus box="[650,734,751,773]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Oldroyd" authorityYear="1974" box="[747,973,751,772]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Acnephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindricum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[747,973,751,772]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Acnephalum cylindricum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
):
|
||
<specimenCount box="[991,1008,752,773]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
‘80 mls S. of / Gobabis [
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[268,344,775,797]" degrees="22" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="925" value="-22.45">22°27'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[346,421,775,797]" degrees="18" direction="east" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="925" value="18.966667">18°58'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
] S.W.A. /
|
||
<date box="[517,622,775,797]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" value="1961-01-01">1 Jan. 1961</date>
|
||
/ W. D. Haacke.’, ‘Collection. Transvaal / Museum’ [pale green], ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[271,384,799,820]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Acnephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[271,384,799,820]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Acnephalum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[390,407,800,821]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Londt, 2010" authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2010" box="[425,533,799,820]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Acnephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindricum" status="sp. n.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[425,533,799,820]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">cylindricum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[539,588,800,821]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
/ det. H. Oldroyd 1971 / Holotype’ [white] (NMSA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[144,1105,203,1670]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">
|
||
Type locality: The precise provenance of the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Hermann" authorityYear="1907" box="[663,748,836,862]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Sporadothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[663,748,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type specimen is not known. I therefore designate the type locality as
|
||
<quantity box="[577,647,868,894]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="km" value="80.0">80 km</quantity>
|
||
S of Gobabis, where the
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2010" box="[927,1059,868,894]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Acnephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindricum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[927,1059,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">cylindricum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus pageId="32" pageNumber="463">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was collected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[144,1105,203,1670]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">
|
||
Other specimens studied:
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[371,500,935,956]" name="Botswana" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">BOTSWANA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount box="[507,534,935,956]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
‘nr. [illegible] / Bechuanaland / 20 xii.57’ (BMNH).
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[999,1101,935,956]" name="Namibia" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">NAMIBIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount box="[144,171,959,980]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
‘S W Africa: / Satansplatz [
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[417,492,959,981]" degrees="24" direction="south" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="925" value="-24.85">24°51'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[495,571,959,981]" degrees="17" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="925" value="17.516666">17°31'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
] /
|
||
<quantity box="[591,654,959,980]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="m" value="1300.0">1300m</quantity>
|
||
/
|
||
<date box="[669,802,959,981]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" value="1933-12-17" valueMax="1933-12-18" valueMin="1933-12-17">1718 xii.1933</date>
|
||
/ K Jordan’ (BMNH);
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1003,1031,959,980]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
‘Swartbaas West 276 / Keetmanshoop / SE 2619Dc /
|
||
<date box="[558,710,983,1005]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" value="1972-04-19" valueMax="1972-04-22" valueMin="1972-04-19">1922 Apr. 1972</date>
|
||
’, ‘H7800’ (NMNW).
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[902,1068,983,1004]" name="South Africa" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1075,1103,983,1004]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="male">4♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[144,172,1007,1028]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
‘Sth Africa
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[280,327,1007,1028]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
Prov / ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[419,471,1007,1029]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="km" value="65.0">65km</quantity>
|
||
SE Noenieput / 2720DC
|
||
<date box="[697,796,1007,1029]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" value="1982-03-20">20.iii.1982</date>
|
||
/ J. Londt & L. Schoeman / Kloof/ green shrubs’ (NMSA);
|
||
<specimenCount box="[355,383,1031,1052]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[387,415,1031,1052]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
‘South Africa:N
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[569,615,1031,1052]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity box="[629,680,1031,1053]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="km" value="39.0">39km</quantity>
|
||
WNW of Upington /
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[867,976,1031,1053]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="21.219" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="1" value="-28.35365">28°21.219'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[979,1103,1031,1053]" degrees="020" direction="east" minutes="54.319" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="1" value="20.905317">020°54.319'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity box="[156,207,1055,1077]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.55" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="m" value="955.0">955m</quantity>
|
||
J Londt & T Dikow /
|
||
<date box="[411,491,1055,1077]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" value="2004-02-02">2.ii.2004</date>
|
||
Dry road verge /
|
||
<emphasis box="[652,861,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Stipogrostis Eragrostis</emphasis>
|
||
area’ (NMSA);
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1009,1037,1055,1076]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
‘South Africa: N
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[237,284,1079,1100]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ Witsand Nature Reserve / ca.
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[576,678,1079,1101]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="15" seconds="15" value="-28.5375">28°32'15"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[681,790,1079,1101]" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="15" seconds="30" value="22.508333">22°30'30"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity box="[809,872,1079,1100]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</quantity>
|
||
<date box="[878,965,1079,1101]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" value="2001-03-06">6.iii.2001</date>
|
||
/ J.G.H. Londt Red sand. /
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[257,320,1104,1125]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[257,320,1104,1125]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Acacia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[327,394,1104,1125]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Grewia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[327,394,1104,1125]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Grewia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
grassland’ (NMSA);
|
||
<specimenCount box="[596,624,1103,1124]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
‘South Africa: N
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[796,843,1103,1124]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ Witsand Nature Reserve /
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[144,246,1127,1149]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="33" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="15" seconds="37" value="-28.560278">28°33'37"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[249,358,1127,1149]" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="15" seconds="05" value="22.484722">22°29'05"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity box="[382,445,1127,1148]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</quantity>
|
||
<date box="[453,563,1127,1149]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" value="2001-03-05" valueMax="2001-03-08" valueMin="2001-03-05">5–8.iii.2001</date>
|
||
/ J.G.H. Londt White sand. / Low vegetation, few trees’ (NMSA);
|
||
<specimenCount box="[237,265,1151,1172]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[271,299,1151,1172]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
‘South Africa: N
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[463,510,1151,1172]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ Witsand Nature Reserve /
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[768,878,1151,1173]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="33.615" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="1" value="-28.56025">28°33.615'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[881,1008,1151,1173]" degrees="022" direction="east" minutes="29.105" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="1" value="22.485083">022°29.105'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity box="[1027,1089,1151,1173]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.16" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="m" value="1160.0">1160m</quantity>
|
||
J Londt & T Dikow /
|
||
<date box="[330,462,1175,1197]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" value="2004-01-31" valueMax="2004-02-01" valueMin="2004-01-31">31.i.–1.ii.2004</date>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[468,531,1176,1197]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[468,531,1176,1197]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Acacia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ savannah & white dune area’ (NMSA,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[909,938,1175,1196]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
Coll TD);
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1040,1068,1175,1196]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1075,1104,1175,1197]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="female">5♀</specimenCount>
|
||
‘South Africa: N
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[300,347,1199,1220]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ Witsand Nature Reserve /
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[600,710,1199,1221]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="33.673" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="1" value="-28.561216">28°33.673'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[713,841,1199,1221]" degrees="022" direction="east" minutes="29.656" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="1" value="22.494267">022°29.656'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<quantity box="[858,921,1199,1220]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="m" value="1200.0">1200m</quantity>
|
||
J Londt & T Dikow /
|
||
<date box="[156,288,1223,1245]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" value="2004-01-30" valueMax="2004-02-02" valueMin="2004-01-30">30.i.–2.ii.2004</date>
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[295,358,1224,1245]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[295,358,1224,1245]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Acacia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ savannah. Red sandy ridge’ (NMSA,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[719,748,1223,1244]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[753,782,1223,1244]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
Coll TD);
|
||
<specimenCount box="[883,911,1223,1244]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
|
||
‘S. Afr.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[991,1092,1223,1245]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Cape Prov.</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ Boksputs Farm /
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[295,367,1247,1269]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="35" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="925" value="-28.583334">28°35'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[370,448,1247,1269]" degrees="20" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="925" value="20.9">20°54'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
. / Ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[501,553,1247,1269]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="km" value="20.0">20km</quantity>
|
||
N. Keimoes /
|
||
<date box="[679,760,1247,1269]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" value="1979-02-05">5.ii.1979</date>
|
||
/ B. Lamoral’ (NMSA);
|
||
<specimenCount box="[978,1006,1247,1268]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="male">8♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1010,1039,1247,1269]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="female">6♀</specimenCount>
|
||
‘South Africa: N
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[238,285,1271,1292]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
/ Ca.
|
||
<quantity box="[343,395,1271,1293]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="km" value="22.0">22km</quantity>
|
||
E Keimoes
|
||
<quantity box="[511,562,1271,1293]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.35" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="m" value="635.0">635m</quantity>
|
||
/
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[583,694,1271,1293]" degrees="28" direction="south" minutes="44.910" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="1" value="-28.7485">28°44.910'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[697,823,1271,1293]" degrees="020" direction="east" minutes="46.191" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="1" value="20.76985">020°46.191'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
/
|
||
<date box="[844,924,1271,1293]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" value="2004-02-04">4.ii.2004</date>
|
||
J Londt T Dikow / Vegetated red Kalahari sand / dune.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[477,540,1296,1317]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[477,540,1296,1317]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Acacia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
savannah’ (NMSA,
|
||
<specimenCount box="[729,757,1295,1316]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="male">3♂</specimenCount>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[764,792,1295,1316]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
Coll TD);
|
||
<specimenCount box="[895,923,1295,1316]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<quantity box="[930,977,1295,1317]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="km" value="4.0">4 km</quantity>
|
||
NW Hotazel,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[144,247,1319,1341]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="15" seconds="44" value="-29.22889">29°13'44"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
:
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[250,359,1319,1341]" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" precision="15" seconds="24" value="22.923332">22°55'24"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, Almeida,
|
||
<date box="[457,544,1319,1341]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" value="2004-01-17">17.i.2004</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity box="[554,623,1319,1341]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" unit="m" value="1030.0">1030 m</quantity>
|
||
(Coll TD).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[144,1105,203,1670]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">
|
||
<emphasis box="[144,187,1352,1373]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Note</emphasis>
|
||
: I have not personally studied a few of the specimens currently housed in Dr Torsten Dikow’s collection (listed as Coll TD above) but had input into their identification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[144,1105,203,1670]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">
|
||
Distribution, phenology (Table 3) and biology: The species appears to be fairly widely distributed being recorded from four places in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[659,755,1444,1470]" name="Namibia" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and eight in the
|
||
<collectingRegion country="South Africa" name="Northern Cape" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Northern Cape Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[280,423,1476,1502]" name="South Africa" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(four being within the Witsand Nature Reserve) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[977,1060,1475,1502]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="50.[144,177,852,874]" captionTargetBox="[287,981,263,828]" captionTargetId="figure-9@50.[286,982,256,834]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="Fig. 68. Distribution of species: Acnephalomyia iota sp. n. – diamonds; A. probolos sp. n. – star; Sporadothrix gracilis Hermann, 1907 – circles; Ammodaimon platythrix sp. n. – triangle; Astiptomyia bikos sp. n. – square." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7913813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7913813/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Fig. 68</figureCitation>
|
||
), as well as from one unknown locality in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[563,677,1508,1534]" name="Botswana" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Botswana</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Adults are active in summer and have been collected in December–April. Specimens have been taken from grass in dry, sandy,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[184,262,1572,1598]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[184,262,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">Acacia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
savannah habitats.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[144,1105,203,1670]" lastBlockId="33.[181,1142,204,550]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="464" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">
|
||
Remarks:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="OLDROYD, H." box="[260,485,1612,1638]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" pagination="1 - 171" refId="ref39202" refString="OLDROYD, H. 1974. An introduction to the robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of southern Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum 22 (1): 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="1974">Oldroyd (1974: 83)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who had not seen the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[756,857,1612,1638]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, records, for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Hermann" authorityYear="1907" box="[1011,1097,1612,1638]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Sporadothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1011,1097,1612,1638]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="463">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ‘Type in? Munich. Type-locality: Kalahari Desert. Distribution. I have seen
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1002,1103,1644,1670]" pageId="32" pageNumber="463" type="male">one male</specimenCount>
|
||
that I assign to this species, from S.W. AFRICA: Noachabeb,
|
||
<quantity box="[913,988,204,230]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="33" pageNumber="464" unit="km" value="43.0">43 km</quantity>
|
||
N.N.E. Grunan [Grünau],
|
||
<date box="[351,500,236,262]" pageId="33" pageNumber="464" value="1972-01-10" valueMax="1972-01-12" valueMin="1972-01-10">10–12.i.1972</date>
|
||
(B. M. S Afr. Exped., 1972).’ Firstly, the type is not in Munich, but in the ZMHB collection. Secondly, I have studied the Noachabeb male (identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName=": Hermann" authorityYear="1907" box="[334,420,300,326]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Sporadothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[334,420,300,326]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="464">gracilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="OLDROYD, H." box="[462,638,300,326]" pageId="33" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 171" refId="ref39202" refString="OLDROYD, H. 1974. An introduction to the robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of southern Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum 22 (1): 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="1974">Oldroyd (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and commented upon by Londt (1994)) and, as suspected, it has proved to be a new species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Londt, 1985" authorityName=": Londt" authorityYear="1985" box="[755,1061,331,358]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Ammodaimon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[755,911,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="464">Ammodaimon</emphasis>
|
||
Londt, 1985
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is described below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[181,1142,204,550]" pageId="33" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<materialsCitation collectorName="W. D. Haacke" country="Namibia" location="Gobabis" pageId="33" pageNumber="464" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="OLDROYD, H." box="[208,430,395,422]" pageId="33" pageNumber="464" pagination="1 - 171" refId="ref39202" refString="OLDROYD, H. 1974. An introduction to the robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) of southern Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum 22 (1): 1 - 171." type="journal article" year="1974">Oldroyd (1974: 26)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
characterised
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2010" box="[596,730,396,422]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Acnephalum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="464" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindricum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[596,730,396,422]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="464">cylindricum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a key, providing a description of fewer than forty words and no illustrations. His statement regarding the material used is equally brief: ‘
|
||
<typeStatus box="[370,479,460,486]" pageId="33" pageNumber="464">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount box="[487,508,460,486]" pageId="33" pageNumber="464" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
|
||
in Pretoria. Type locality: S. W. AFRICA,
|
||
<quantity box="[995,1080,460,486]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="33" pageNumber="464" unit="km" value="128.0">128 km</quantity>
|
||
S. of
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA455017FFFAAD5AFEB1716B4EA6FDE4:7733B7DAFFC5AD5AFF5874C54C4AFDC4" box="[181,277,492,518]" country="Namibia" name="Gobabis" pageId="33" pageNumber="464">Gobabis</location>
|
||
, January (
|
||
<collectorName box="[392,559,492,518]" pageId="33" pageNumber="464">W. D. Haacke</collectorName>
|
||
).’ The unique
|
||
<typeStatus box="[717,818,492,518]" pageId="33" pageNumber="464">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, is actually a female, now in the NMSA, and is labelled
|
||
<locationDeviation box="[486,738,524,550]" location="Gobabis" pageId="33" pageNumber="464">
|
||
<quantity box="[486,582,524,550]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2874752" pageId="33" pageNumber="464" unit="mi" value="80.0">80 miles</quantity>
|
||
S of Gobabis
|
||
</locationDeviation>
|
||
, in present day
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[913,1013,524,550]" name="Namibia" pageId="33" pageNumber="464">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |