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554 lines
58 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24423" ID-PMC="PMC6019434" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-768-113" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CB01CA30FFB4F96DFFA2FF86FFAEFFB6" ID-PubMed="29955215" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1298776" ID-ZooBank="399BCC3E9D6F4231870E05C79B9FD4B0" ModsDocID="1313-2970-768-113" checkinTime="1529468775230" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Giron, Jennifer C. & Short, Andrew Edward Z." docDate="2018" docId="FA2CB7E26838DAC19194930CC498F010" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 768: 113-158" docOrigin="ZooKeys 768" docPubDate="2018-06-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24423" docTitle="Nanosaphes Girón & Short 2018, gen. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="92C19CA3-E66E-4339-8B36-D9D4BC0A196B" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="CB01CA30FFB4F96DFFA2FF86FFAEFFB6" lastPageNumber="138" masterDocId="CB01CA30FFB4F96DFFA2FF86FFAEFFB6" masterDocTitle="Three new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from tropical South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)" masterLastPageNumber="158" masterPageNumber="113" pageNumber="136" updateTime="1668165917053" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Three new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from tropical South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Giron, Jennifer C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0851-6883</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">entiminae@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Short, Andrew Edward Z.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, and Division of Entomology, Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-19</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>768</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>113</mods:start>
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<mods:end>158</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24423</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24423</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-768-113</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">399BCC3E9D6F4231870E05C79B9FD4B0</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">CB01CA30FFB4F96DFFA2FF86FFAEFFB6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1298776</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="146002393" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:92C19CA3-E66E-4339-8B36-D9D4BC0A196B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA2CB7E26838DAC19194930CC498F010" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="136" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/92C19CA3-E66E-4339-8B36-D9D4BC0A196B" authority="Girón & Short, 2018" authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="gen. n.">Nanosaphes</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="23" pageNumber="136">gen. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of thorax and abdomen: A-B Crucisternum ouboteri: A meso- and metaventrite B apex of fifth abdominal ventrite; C-D Nanosaphes tricolor C meso- and metaventrite D apex of fifth abdominal ventrite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211215" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Figs 5C, D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes castaneus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes punctatus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211228" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">; 15</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">, 16</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Thorax and abdomen of Nanosaphes spp.: A-C Nanosaphes hesperus: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing longitudinal carina) B posterior view of metafurca: (at) anterior tendon, (c) crux, (ds) dorsal sheath, (fa) furcal arm, (h) hemiductus, (ls) lateral sheath, (s) stalk C fifth abdominal ventrite D Nanosaphes punctatus, fifth abdominal ventrite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211230" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">, 17</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Aedeagus of Nanosaphes spp.: A Nanosaphes tricolor B Nanosaphes hesperus C Nanosaphes castaneus D Nanosaphes punctatus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211231" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">, 18</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Distribution of Nanosaphes species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211232" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">, 19</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Habitat of Nanosaphes spp. A Habitat for N. hesperus, Guyana: near Parabara; collecting event GY 13 - 1103 - 02 A B Habitat of N. punctatus, Guyana, upper Potaro near Chenapau, collecting event GY 14 - 0311 - 02 A C Type locality and habitat for N. hesperus, Suriname, along Kutari River, collecting event SR 10 - 0820 - 01 A D Habitat for N. hesperus and N. tricolor, Suriname, near Kasikasima, collecting event SR 12 - 0320 - 02 A E Habitat for N. tricolor, Suriname, near Voltzberg, collecting event SR 12 - 0729 - 02 C F Habitat for N. tricolor, Suriname, Sipaliwini Savanna, collecting event SR 17 - 0331 - 01 B." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211233" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">, 20</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="136" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes tricolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Nanosaphes tricolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="23" pageNumber="136" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
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Very small beetles, total body length 1.15-1.45 mm, width 0.7-0.9 mm. Coloration uniformly brown, to variable along the body (see Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes castaneus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes punctatus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211228" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">15</figureCitation>
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-
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">16</figureCitation>
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). Body shape oval in dorsal view; uniformly, slightly to moderately convex in lateral view (e.g., Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes castaneus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes punctatus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211228" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">15F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">16F</figureCitation>
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). Antennae with eight antennomeres (e.g., Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">16G</figureCitation>
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). Maxillary palps curved inward, moderately long (e.g., Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">16H</figureCitation>
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). Each elytron with ground punctures usually only shallowly marked, seemingly forming longitudinal rows (e.g., Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">16E</figureCitation>
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), with irregularly distributed systematic punctures bearing rather long setae, denser along lateral and posterior regions; elytra without sutural striae. Posterior elevation of mesoventrite, usually only projected as a low and short longitudinal carina between mesocoxae (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of thorax and abdomen: A-B Crucisternum ouboteri: A meso- and metaventrite B apex of fifth abdominal ventrite; C-D Nanosaphes tricolor C meso- and metaventrite D apex of fifth abdominal ventrite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211215" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">5C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Thorax and abdomen of Nanosaphes spp.: A-C Nanosaphes hesperus: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing longitudinal carina) B posterior view of metafurca: (at) anterior tendon, (c) crux, (ds) dorsal sheath, (fa) furcal arm, (h) hemiductus, (ls) lateral sheath, (s) stalk C fifth abdominal ventrite D Nanosaphes punctatus, fifth abdominal ventrite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211230" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">17A</figureCitation>
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; sharply carinated and posteriorly pointed in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hesperus" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="hesperus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">N. hesperus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Metaventrite with posterolateral and mesal glabrous patches (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of thorax and abdomen: A-B Crucisternum ouboteri: A meso- and metaventrite B apex of fifth abdominal ventrite; C-D Nanosaphes tricolor C meso- and metaventrite D apex of fifth abdominal ventrite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211215" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">5C</figureCitation>
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). Posterior femora for the most part densely covered by setae. Fifth abdominal ventrite apically emarginated, with stout setae (Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of thorax and abdomen: A-B Crucisternum ouboteri: A meso- and metaventrite B apex of fifth abdominal ventrite; C-D Nanosaphes tricolor C meso- and metaventrite D apex of fifth abdominal ventrite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211215" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">5D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Thorax and abdomen of Nanosaphes spp.: A-C Nanosaphes hesperus: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing longitudinal carina) B posterior view of metafurca: (at) anterior tendon, (c) crux, (ds) dorsal sheath, (fa) furcal arm, (h) hemiductus, (ls) lateral sheath, (s) stalk C fifth abdominal ventrite D Nanosaphes punctatus, fifth abdominal ventrite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211230" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">17C-D</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
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The minute size of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Nanosaphes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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make them smaller than any other
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zaitzev" baseAuthorityYear="1908" lsidName="" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acidocerinae">Acidocerinae</taxonomicName>
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in the New World, and about equal in size as the smallest
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Agraphydrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Agraphydrus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Agraphydrus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species in the Old World. They are among the smallest water scavenger beetles worldwide. The lack of elytral serial or sutural striae and the antennae with eight antennomeres also separate
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Nanosaphes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from all other Neotropical
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zaitzev" baseAuthorityYear="1908" lsidName="" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acidocerinae">Acidocerinae</taxonomicName>
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genera except the co-occurring
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="2001" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Globulosis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Globulosis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Globulosis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The genus can be easily separated from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="2001" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Globulosis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Globulosis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Globulosis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its smaller size and narrower, more parallel sided body form (broader and almost rotund in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="2001" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Globulosis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Globulosis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Globulosis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, see
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<bibRefCitation author="Short, AEZ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="37" pageNumber="150" pagination="271 - 281" publicationUrl="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4232.2.10" refId="B13" refString="Short, AEZ, Garcia, M, Giron, JC, 2017. Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Globulosis Garcia, 2001 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae). Zootaxa 4232 (2): 271 - 281, https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4232.2.10" title="Revision of the Neotropical water scavenger beetle genus Globulosis Garcia, 2001 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)." url="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4232.2.10" volume="4232" year="2017">Short et al. (2017)</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1298824" doi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211228" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
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<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Figure 15.</emphasis>
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Habitus of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Nanosaphes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp.:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">A-D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes castaneus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Nanosaphes castaneus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">A</emphasis>
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dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">B</emphasis>
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lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">C</emphasis>
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ventral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">D</emphasis>
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head
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">E-H</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes punctatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Nanosaphes punctatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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:
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">E</emphasis>
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dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">F</emphasis>
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lateral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">G</emphasis>
|
|
ventral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">H</emphasis>
|
|
head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">
|
|
Body oval, uniformly and usually weakly convex (moderately convex in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. punctatus" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">N. punctatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, see Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes castaneus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes punctatus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211228" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">15F</figureCitation>
|
|
), coloration uniformly brown, or variable along the body (e.g., paler pronotum in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hesperus" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">N. hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. tricolor" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="tricolor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">N. tricolor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, see Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">16</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Head.</emphasis>
|
|
Frons and clypeus (e.g., Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">16H</figureCitation>
|
|
) with shallow ground punctures irregularly distributed over the surface, accompanied by scattered seta-bearing systematic punctures; setae particularly noticeable on frons behind frontoclypeal suture; surface between punctures smooth, at most only finely reticulated along anterior and lateral margins of clypeus; anterior corners of clypeus roundly angulated; anterior margin of clypeus widely roundly emarginate. Eyes oval (e.g., Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">16D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Labrum rather short and wide, fully exposed and positioned nearly perpendicular to clypeus (e.g., Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">16B</figureCitation>
|
|
); dorsal surface convex, basally smooth, apically and laterally finely reticulated, with scattered shallow punctures; anterior margin mesally emarginate and bent inwards; anterolateral margins bearing a row of long setae. Temporae densely covered by setae (hydrofuge pubescence), with few longer setae along outer posteroventral margin of eye. Mentum nearly 1.5-1.7-times wider than long, parallel sided, basilaterally flat, with lateral oblique longitudinal ridges; anterior margin with wide, deep, concave median impression. Submentum rather flat, with sparse rather long setae; ocular ridge well-developed (e.g., Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">16G</figureCitation>
|
|
). Maxilla (e.g., Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes castaneus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes punctatus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211228" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">15G</figureCitation>
|
|
) with ventral surface of cardo and stipes smooth and shiny, with a row of stiff decumbent spiniform setae along outer dorsal margin of palpifer; limit between cardo and stipes oblique; maxillary palps yellowish, longer than antennae; palpomere 1 extending beyond base of cardo, with inner margin straight, only slightly concave at base, and outer margin distally convex; palpomere 2 similar in shape to palpomere 1, 0.7-times as long; palpomere 3 fusiform, slightly longer and wider than palpomere 1, apically widely rounded; apex of palpomere 3 bearing sensilla. Mandibles with apex bifid (examined in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hesperus" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">N. hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Labial palps yellowish, nearly as long as mentum, dorsoventrally flattened; palpomere 2 with inner and outer margin convex apicad of midpoint; palpomere 3 digitiform, markedly shorter and narrower than palpomere 2, with a long subapical seta on outer corner. Antennae (e.g., Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">16G</figureCitation>
|
|
) with eight antennomeres, paler than general coloration of head; antennomere 1 anteriorly swollen near anterior margin of eye, reaching midpoint of ventral surface of eye (reaching cardo-stipes joint), nearly 1.4-times longer than antennomere 2; antennomere 2 slightly longer than antennomeres 3-4 combined; antennomere 5 forming a rather small, but well differentiated cupule; antennomeres 6-8 similar in size (7 shortest, 8 longest), slightly flattened, forming a loosely articulated, pubescent club; setae at apex of antennomere 8 longer than general pubescence of club.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">Thorax.</emphasis>
|
|
Pronotum widest at base, narrowed anteriorly, surface evenly convex; ground punctation shallow, uniformly sparse, with surface between punctures smooth and shiny; seta bearing systematic punctures particularly noticeable as transverse anterolateral and mediolateral bands. Scutellar shield of moderate size, triangular, nearly as long as wide, with scarce shallow punctures. Prosternum (e.g., Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">16G</figureCitation>
|
|
) very short, flat, at most only weakly convex, not carinate; anterior margin of prosternum mesally projected, with a preapical fringe of setae; intercoxal process truncate, aligned with posterior margin of procoxal cavities. Mesoventrite not fused to mesepisterna, with anterior margin nearly as wide as anterior margin of mesepisternum; posterior elevation of mesoventrite either flat (as in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. punctatus" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">N. punctatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
), or longitudinally carinate (weakly as in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. tricolor" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="tricolor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">N. tricolor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of thorax and abdomen: A-B Crucisternum ouboteri: A meso- and metaventrite B apex of fifth abdominal ventrite; C-D Nanosaphes tricolor C meso- and metaventrite D apex of fifth abdominal ventrite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211215" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">5C</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Thorax and abdomen of Nanosaphes spp.: A-C Nanosaphes hesperus: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing longitudinal carina) B posterior view of metafurca: (at) anterior tendon, (c) crux, (ds) dorsal sheath, (fa) furcal arm, (h) hemiductus, (ls) lateral sheath, (s) stalk C fifth abdominal ventrite D Nanosaphes punctatus, fifth abdominal ventrite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211230" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">17A</figureCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. castaneus" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="castaneus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">N. castaneus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
or sharply as in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hesperus" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">N. hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
); mesepisternum obliquely widely concave; surface of mesoventrite and mesepisternum reticulated; mesepimeron narrow and trapezoid, with pubescent surface. Mesofurca (examined in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hesperus" pageId="23" pageNumber="136" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="136">N. hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) with short arms, 1.3-times longer than length of mesocoxae; each arm expanding ventrally as a lamina, reaching mesoventrite; apex of arms free (not forming part of lamina), oval and explanate. Metaventrite (Fig.
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="24" pageNumber="137" start="start">5</pageBreakToken>
|
|
C) posteromesally elevated, with elevation rather flat and metathoracic discrimen well defined; anterior and lateromedian surfaces of metaventrite pubescent, with median and posterolateral glabrous patches. Metepisterna 3-4-times longer than wide, slightly narrowing posteriorly. Metepimeron triangular and acute. Metafurca (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Thorax and abdomen of Nanosaphes spp.: A-C Nanosaphes hesperus: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing longitudinal carina) B posterior view of metafurca: (at) anterior tendon, (c) crux, (ds) dorsal sheath, (fa) furcal arm, (h) hemiductus, (ls) lateral sheath, (s) stalk C fifth abdominal ventrite D Nanosaphes punctatus, fifth abdominal ventrite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211230" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">17B</figureCitation>
|
|
, examined in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hesperus" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">N. hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) 1.25-times wider than long, with furcal arms (fa) nearly as long as stalk (s); stalk triangular (wider near the crux (c), gradually narrowing ventrally), with paired longitudinal keels extending along basal two thirds of posterior face, and a well-developed median keel on the anterior face extending to anterior margin of dorsal sheets (ds); outer margins of stalk diverging from ventral third towards midpoint of furcal arms; furcal arms somewhat rectangular, with apex (hemiductus (h)) slightly explanate, perpendicularly positioned; anterior tendons (at) inserted along half third of dorsal edge of furcal arms; dorsal sheaths well-developed, slightly wider than widest point of lateral sheaths (ls).
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Elytra.</emphasis>
|
|
Surface even (without elevations or depressions), with serial punctures seemingly longitudinally aligned, usually shallowly marked (e.g., Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">16E</figureCitation>
|
|
) (except in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. punctatus" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">N. punctatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
which has rather coarsely punctate elytra, see Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes castaneus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes punctatus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211228" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">15 E, F</figureCitation>
|
|
), not impressed into striae; seta bearing systematic punctures scattered along interstriae; setae of systematic punctures rather long; elytral margins simple (as opposed to explanate). Epipleura well-developed, nearly glabrous, at most with scarce setae, oblique, anteriorly wide, gradually narrowing posteriorly, extending up to line of first abdominal ventrite; pseudepipleura reduced, limited to margin of elytra. Hind wings well-developed.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Legs.</emphasis>
|
|
All femora with dense pubescence, along basal three fourths, remainder of surface glabrous and shiny; all femora antero-posteriorly flattened; metafemora with rather sharp tibial grooves along apical half. Tibiae moderately slender, rather weakly flattened, with moderately fine and sparse spines. All tarsi with five tarsomeres, bearing few long apical hair-like setae on dorsal face, and two lateral rows of spines on ventral face of tarsomeres 2-4; tarsomeres 1-4 similar in size and shape; tarsomere 5 approximately as long as tarsomeres 3-4 combined, without spines on ventral face; claws rather large, curved; empodium well-developed, bearing a pair of long, curved apical setae.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Abdomen.</emphasis>
|
|
Abdomen with five ventrites, medially longitudinally weakly convex, all ventrites with uniform, fine pubescence, either dense (as in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. tricolor" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="tricolor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">N. tricolor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, see Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">16C</figureCitation>
|
|
) or scanty (as in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. castaneus" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="castaneus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">N. castaneus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hesperus" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">N. hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. punctatus" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">N. punctatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
; e.g., Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">16G</figureCitation>
|
|
); posterior margin of fifth ventrite mesally weakly emarginated, set with a row of thick, flat spine-like setae (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. SEM images of thorax and abdomen: A-B Crucisternum ouboteri: A meso- and metaventrite B apex of fifth abdominal ventrite; C-D Nanosaphes tricolor C meso- and metaventrite D apex of fifth abdominal ventrite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211215" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">5D</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="F17" captionText="Figure 17. Thorax and abdomen of Nanosaphes spp.: A-C Nanosaphes hesperus: A ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing longitudinal carina) B posterior view of metafurca: (at) anterior tendon, (c) crux, (ds) dorsal sheath, (fa) furcal arm, (h) hemiductus, (ls) lateral sheath, (s) stalk C fifth abdominal ventrite D Nanosaphes punctatus, fifth abdominal ventrite." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211230" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">17C, D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Aedeagus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="F18" captionText="Figure 18. Aedeagus of Nanosaphes spp.: A Nanosaphes tricolor B Nanosaphes hesperus C Nanosaphes castaneus D Nanosaphes punctatus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure18" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211231" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">18</figureCitation>
|
|
) nearly parallel sided, with basal piece between 0.3 and 0.6-times the length of parameres; median lobe with well-developed lateral basal apodemes, wider at base than base of each paramere, usually narrower at apex than preapical width of parameres; apex of median lobe rounded; parameres from slightly shorter to longer than median lobe, and only narrowing at apex; gonopore situated beyond midpoint of median lobe.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1298826" doi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
|
Habitus of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Nanosaphes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
spp.:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">A-D</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes tricolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Nanosaphes tricolor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">A</emphasis>
|
|
dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">B</emphasis>
|
|
lateral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">C</emphasis>
|
|
ventral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">D</emphasis>
|
|
head
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">E-H</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes hesperus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Nanosaphes hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">E</emphasis>
|
|
dorsal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">F</emphasis>
|
|
lateral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">G</emphasis>
|
|
ventral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">H</emphasis>
|
|
head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1298828" doi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure17" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211230" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" start="Figure 17" startId="F17">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Figure 17.</emphasis>
|
|
Thorax and abdomen of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Nanosaphes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
spp.:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">A-C</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes hesperus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Nanosaphes hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">A</emphasis>
|
|
ventral view of mesoventrite (white arrow pointing longitudinal carina)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">B</emphasis>
|
|
posterior view of metafurca: (at) anterior tendon, (c) crux, (ds) dorsal sheath, (fa) furcal arm, (h) hemiductus, (ls) lateral sheath, (s) stalk
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">C</emphasis>
|
|
fifth abdominal ventrite
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">D</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes punctatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="137" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Nanosaphes punctatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, fifth abdominal ventrite.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="larvae">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Larvae.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="137">The immature stages are unknown.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="24" pageNumber="137" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="137">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="24" pageNumber="137">
|
|
Noun in apposition. Named after the small size of the beetles (the smallest known acidocerines), with the Greek word
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">nanos</emphasis>
|
|
meaning little and the Greek word
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="137">saphes</emphasis>
|
|
meaning distinct, in reference to the relative ease of recognizing the species of the genus. Genus is to be treated as neutral.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="25" pageNumber="138" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
Brazil (
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
|
|
), Guyana, Suriname. See Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="F19" captionText="Figure 19. Distribution of Nanosaphes species." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211232" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">19</figureCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Biology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Species are associated with stream margins, particularly where there are banks for margins of sand and roots.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
Characters of taxonomic importance for
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Nanosaphes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
In contrast to some to of the other acidocerines treated here, the known species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Nanosaphes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
are diagnosable by external characters alone.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Punctation</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
The well-marked ground and serial elytral punctures differentiate
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. punctatus" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">N. punctatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the remaining species, in which the punctation is only shallowly marked.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Coloration</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
The most common and widespread species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Nanosaphes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. tricolor" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rank="species" species="tricolor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">N. tricolor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hesperus" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">N. hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) have a distinctive yellow coloration on the pronotum, and can be distinguished from each other by the coloration of the head. The entire body of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. castaneus" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rank="species" species="castaneus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">N. castaneus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is uniform in coloration.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Posterior elevation of mesoventrite</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
In
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Nanosaphes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
the overall shape and sharpness of the carina formed in the posterior elevation of the mesoventrite aids species identification, where only
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hesperus" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">N. hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a sharp carina.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Density of abdominal pubescence</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
It is uncommon in the
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Zaitzev" baseAuthorityYear="1908" lsidName="" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Acidocerinae">Acidocerinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
that this character varies. Only
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes tricolor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricolor">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Nanosaphes tricolor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has densely pubescent abdominal ventrites, whereas the remainder species of the genus the pubescence is sparser.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="138" type="key">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
Key to the species of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Girón & Short" authorityYear="2018" class="Insecta" family="Hydrophilidae" genus="Nanosaphes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nanosaphes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">Nanosaphes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<table inLine="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">1</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">
|
|
Elytra with well-marked punctures (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes castaneus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes punctatus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211228" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">15E, F</figureCitation>
|
|
); posterior elevation of mesoventrite flat
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. punctatus" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">N. punctatus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">
|
|
Elytra with shallowly marked punctures (e.g., Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes castaneus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes punctatus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211228" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">15A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
); posterior elevation of mesoventrite weakly to sharply carinate
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">2</emphasis>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">2</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">
|
|
Coloration of the body rather uniformly brown (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes castaneus: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes punctatus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211228" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">15A-D</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. castaneus" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rank="species" species="castaneus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">N. castaneus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">
|
|
Coloration of pronotum yellow (see Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">16</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">3</emphasis>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">3</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">
|
|
Coloration of the head and clypeus uniformly dark brown (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">16D</figureCitation>
|
|
); posterior elevation of mesoventrite weakly carinate; ventral surface densely pubescent (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">16C</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. tricolor" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rank="species" species="tricolor">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">N. tricolor</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr pageId="25" pageNumber="138">
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">
|
|
Coloration of the head brown, with orange clypeus (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">16H</figureCitation>
|
|
); posterior elevation of mesoventrite sharply carinate; ventral surface scantily pubescent (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Habitus of Nanosaphes spp.: A-D Nanosaphes tricolor: A dorsal view B lateral view C ventral view D head E-H Nanosaphes hesperus: E dorsal view F lateral view G ventral view H head. Scale bars: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.768.24423.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/211229" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">16G</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td colspan="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rowspan="1">
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="N. hesperus" pageId="25" pageNumber="138" rank="species" species="hesperus">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="138">N. hesperus</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |