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<document id="C3EAD38B89748C81CD0AC328219C05C1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5503.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745712" ID-ZooBank="7385E4AA-D7AD-4E79-A05C-684319E0843B" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1726051594773" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hotèkpo, Sourou Joseph, Schön, Isa &amp; Martens, Koen" docDate="2024" docId="FA1F073A4528FF94FF411FBCFEA02C98" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5503.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5503 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5503.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Benincandona sakitii Hotèkpo, Schön &amp; Martens, 2024, gen. et spec. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="06267F424535FFBCFFD61B4EFF8E2D35" masterDocTitle="An endemic species flock of Candonidae Kaufmann, 1900 (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from wells in Benin (Africa), with the description of a new subfamily, a new genus and five new species" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1726052453190" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F2B16A1A844C01FFA69B72B53A827D9C">An endemic species flock of Candonidae Kaufmann, 1900 (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from wells in Benin (Africa), with the description of a new subfamily, a new genus and five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="861E1FF13D6F90F8445969B3B389AB9E">Hotèkpo, Sourou Joseph</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4394AA0AFCC6F79558ED0DDE0F25CF25" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9091-433X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="9703CFC661B2732F09849B01AB7B2A03">Centre de Recherche pour la lutte contre les Maladies Infectieuses Tropicales (CReMIT / TIDRC), Université d’Abomey-Calavi, Bénin jshotekpo @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9091 - 433 X &amp; Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Freshwater Biology, Vautierstraat 29, B- 1000 Brussels, Belgium &amp; University of Hasselt, Research Group Zoology, Agoralaan Building D, B- 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium ischoen @ naturalsciences. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9269 - 6487</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="35496AB6ED5A9BEE701614C28119C951" type="email">jshotekpo@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B6788D253D1C2F0A58E05416FACCAAEC">Schön, Isa</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="10614999F470CA30CB133F171299F478" type="ORCID">0000-0001-9269-6487</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="C6C748CCBE7652A3748D6FDCA1C66683">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Freshwater Biology, Vautierstraat 29, B- 1000 Brussels, Belgium &amp; University of Hasselt, Research Group Zoology, Agoralaan Building D, B- 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium ischoen @ naturalsciences. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9269 - 6487</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="137C7580372A50D74C7FFE33110134B4" type="email">ischoen@naturalsciences.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A218636843867754AB4EB5E1AC1702D8">Martens, Koen</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="24BB3FA4716242311CB8B93B9680DE89" type="ORCID">0000-0001-8680-973X</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="466DDA0AE17E340D3164D8071A8271F3">Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Freshwater Biology, Vautierstraat 29, B- 1000 Brussels, Belgium &amp; Ghent University, Dept. Biology, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B- 9000 Ghent, Belgium kmartens @ naturalsciences. be; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8680 - 973 X * Corresponding author</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DFDC4F4A5429F8C03D9C1A569308D42C" type="email">kmartens@naturalsciences.be</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="F11E52E71F88C3AB971C311D9A9DA37F">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A3758C1A9A7ABC8106793A37066B48A6">2024-09-04</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="C067C04D545C6E2FC58806F6B857697B">5503</mods:number>
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<treatment id="FA1F073A4528FF94FF411FBCFEA02C98" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA1F073A4528FF94FF411FBCFEA02C98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA1F073A4528FF94FF411FBCFEA02C98" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<subSubSection id="3AACE5A74528FFA1FF411FBCFC5D2804" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7209B62C4528FFA1FF411FBCFC5D2804" blockId="29.[151,979,1266,1365]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="294101404528FFA1FF411FBCFCFB2838" bold="true" box="[151,885,1266,1293]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" reason="4">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4528FFA1FF411FBCFCFB2838" bold="true" box="[151,885,1266,1293]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="B5B6CDAF4528FFA1FF411FBCFE172838" authorityName="Hotèkpo &amp; Schön &amp; Martens" authorityYear="2024" box="[151,409,1266,1293]" class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Benincandona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakitii" status="gen. et spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4528FFA1FF411FBCFE172838" bold="true" box="[151,409,1266,1293]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Benincandona sakitii</emphasis>
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Hotèkpo &amp; Martens
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<subSubSection id="3AACE5A74528FFA1FF411E75FE2C2860" box="[151,418,1339,1365]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="7209B62C4528FFA1FF411E75FE2C2860" blockId="29.[151,979,1266,1365]" box="[151,418,1339,1365]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
(
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94528FFA1FF491E75FECA2860" box="[159,324,1339,1365]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 16" captionStart-1="FIGURE 17" captionStart-2="FIGURE 18" captionStart-3="FIGURE 19" captionStart-4="FIGURE 20" captionStart-5="FIGURE 21" captionStart-6="FIGURE 22" captionStart-7="FIGURE 23" captionStartId-0="30.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionStartId-1="31.[151,250,1630,1654]" captionStartId-2="33.[151,250,1798,1822]" captionStartId-3="34.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-4="35.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-5="37.[151,250,1981,2005]" captionStartId-6="38.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-7="39.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox-0="[169,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1606]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,345,1775]" captionTargetBox-3="[156,1433,185,1915]" captionTargetBox-4="[185,1402,185,1915]" captionTargetBox-5="[177,1420,212,1949]" captionTargetBox-6="[195,1394,191,1912]" captionTargetBox-7="[173,1413,185,1915]" captionTargetId-0="figure-31@30.[169,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-17@31.[151,1436,181,1606]" captionTargetId-2="figure-109@33.[151,1436,345,1775]" captionTargetId-3="figure-31@34.[152,1436,181,1919]" captionTargetId-4="figure-17@35.[181,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetId-5="figure-17@37.[166,1422,181,1957]" captionTargetId-6="figure-31@38.[185,1402,181,1919]" captionTargetId-7="figure-17@39.[170,1417,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="30" captionTargetPageId-1="31" captionTargetPageId-2="33" captionTargetPageId-3="34" captionTargetPageId-4="35" captionTargetPageId-5="37" captionTargetPageId-6="38" captionTargetPageId-7="39" captionText-0="FIGURE 16. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., valves (A–C, G, I–K ♂; D–F, H ♀). A–H. CpRl, (A–C, G: INV.159235, D–F, H: INV.159237). I–K. INV.159236, CpD. Scale bars. 1 (B, E, I) = 500 µm; 2 (A, C, D, F, G, H, J, K) = 200 µm." captionText-1="FIGURE 17. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., valves (♂). A, C, D, G. LVi (A, C, D. INV.159225; G. INV.159227). B, E, F. RVi (INV.159225). G. CMS. Scale bars. 1 (A, B) = 500 µm; 2 (C–F) = 200 µm; 3 (G) = 50 µm." captionText-2="FIGURE 18. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., valves (♀). A, C, D. LVi (A, C, D. INV.159226). B, E, F, G. RVi (INV.159226). G. CMS. Scale bars. 1 (A, B) = 500 µm; 2 (C–F) = 200 µm; 3 (G) = 50 µm." captionText-3="FIGURE 19. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. A2 (INV.159225). B. A1 (INV.159225). C, D. MdCoxa (INV.159228). Scale bar = 50 µm." captionText-4="FIGURE 20. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. Mx1-palp (INV.159225). B. Mx1, respiratory plate (INV.159227). C. MdPalp (INV.159227). Scale bar. 1 (B), 2 (C), 3 (A) = 50 µm." captionText-5="FIGURE 21. Benincandona sakitii et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. T3 (INV.159225). B. T2 (INV.159225). C. CR (INV.159225). D. CRAtt (INV.15922). Scale bar = 50 µm." captionText-6="FIGURE 22. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. Zenker organ (INV.159227). B–D. Hp (INV.159225). B. External view (drawing). C. Internal view (photograph with interference contrast). D. Internal view (photograph without interference contrast). Scale bar = 50 µm." captionText-7="FIGURE 23. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (A, B ♂ and C–E ♀). A. T1, Lpp (INV.159228). B. T1, Rpp (INV.159228). C. A2 (INV.159226, INV.159231). D. CR (INV.159232). E. T1 (INV.159226). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745754" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745756" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745758" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745760" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745762" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745764" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745766" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745768" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13745754/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13745756/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13745758/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/13745760/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/13745762/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/13745764/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/13745766/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/13745768/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Figures 16–23</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94528FFA1FE861E75FE142860" box="[336,410,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 41" captionStartId="61.[151,250,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetId="figure-17@61.[151,1436,181,1089]" captionTargetPageId="61" captionText="FIGURE 41. Benincandona gen. et spec. nov., CpRl. (A, C, E, F, G, I, K, N, O, Q ♂ and B, D, H, J, L, M, P, R ♀). A–D. B. martini. E–F. B. ibikounlei. G–J. B. sakitii. K–N. B. cebios. O–R. B. trapezoides. Scale bar = 500 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745806/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">41G–J</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AACE5A74528FFA1FF411ECDFB6728D0" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7209B62C4528FFA1FF411ECDFE9628A8" blockId="29.[151,1436,1411,1509]" box="[151,280,1411,1437]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4528FFA1FF411ECDFE9628A8" bold="true" box="[151,280,1411,1437]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4528FFA1FF411EE9FB6728D0" blockId="29.[151,1436,1411,1509]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
The species is named after Prof. Nestor G. Sakiti who initiated, in collaboration with Prof. Claude Boutin, subterranean biology research in
<collectingCountry id="0AA1F6BC4528FFA1FDDD1E85FDDF28D0" box="[523,593,1483,1509]" name="Benin" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Benin</collectingCountry>
, in gratitude for his continued support to the career of SJH.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AACE5A74528FFA1FF411D5CFDE92A44" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7209B62C4528FFA1FF411D5CFE842B19" blockId="29.[151,1437,1554,1905]" box="[151,266,1554,1580]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4528FFA1FF411D5CFE842B19" bold="true" box="[151,266,1554,1580]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4528FFA1FF411D79FDE92A44" blockId="29.[151,1437,1554,1905]" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
CpRl elongated (L/H = 2.0), sub-triangular, with greatest height slightly behind the middle; LV dorsally extending beyond RV, anterior margin bluntly pointed and with anteroventral part almost straight, posterior margin asymmetrically rounded towards the almost straight ventral side, valve surface set with polygonal ridges in midventral and central part. CpD and CpV narrow, with greatest width in the middle and evenly rounded lateral sides, anterior margin sharply and posterior margin bluntly pointed. A2 with seta X (medium length) reaching beyond middle of aesthetasc Y in males, beyond tip of aesthetasc Y in females (long). This aesthetasc Y distally asymmetrically bifurcated. Second palp segment of Mx1 with L
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4528FFA1FD7B1C41FD372A1D" box="[685,697,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">c</emphasis>
. 1.5x basal W. T3 with seta d2 about 2/3 of L of seta d1. Hp with ls and ms with overlapping positions, narrower lobe ls on Hp with skewed rectangular distal margin, extending beyond lobe ms with more than half of its length.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="26C9E6A4452BFFA2FF411CD8FAB22AE6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745754/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" startId="30.[151,250,1942,1966]" targetBox="[169,1418,181,1919]" targetPageId="30" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7209B62C452BFFA2FF411CD8FAB22AE6" blockId="30.[151,1436,1942,2003]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E452BFFA2FF411CD8FEAE2A9B" bold="true" box="[151,288,1942,1966]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5B6CDAF452BFFA2FEF01CD9FE732A9A" authorityName="Hotèkpo &amp; Schön &amp; Martens" authorityYear="2024" box="[294,509,1943,1967]" class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Benincandona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakitii" status="gen. et spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E452BFFA2FEF01CD9FE732A9A" box="[294,509,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Benincandona sakitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BF1D745452BFFA2FDD21CD9FD382A9B" box="[516,694,1943,1967]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" rank="species">gen. et spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, valves (A–C, G, I–K ♂; D–F, H ♀).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E452BFFA2FBE51CD8FBEB2A9B" bold="true" box="[1075,1125,1942,1966]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">A–H</emphasis>
. CpRl, (A–C, G: INV.159235, D–F, H: INV.159237).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E452BFFA2FE561CF5FE242AE6" bold="true" box="[384,426,1979,2003]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">I–K</emphasis>
. INV.159236, CpD. Scale bars. 1 (B, E, I) = 500 µm; 2 (A, C, D, F, G, H, J, K) = 200 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="26C9E6A4452AFFA3FF411D10FB172BAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745756" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745756/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" startId="31.[151,250,1630,1654]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1606]" targetPageId="31" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7209B62C452AFFA3FF411D10FB172BAE" blockId="31.[151,1436,1630,1691]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E452AFFA3FF411D10FEAE2B43" bold="true" box="[151,288,1630,1654]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5B6CDAF452AFFA3FEF11D10FE702B43" authorityName="Hotèkpo &amp; Schön &amp; Martens" authorityYear="2024" box="[295,510,1630,1654]" class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Benincandona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakitii" status="gen. et spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E452AFFA3FEF11D10FE702B43" box="[295,510,1630,1654]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Benincandona sakitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BF1D745452AFFA3FDD31D11FD392B43" box="[517,695,1631,1655]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="species">gen. et spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, valves (♂).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E452AFFA3FCEC1D10FC222B43" bold="true" box="[826,940,1630,1655]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">A, C, D, G</emphasis>
. LVi (A, C, D. INV.159225; G. INV.159227).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E452AFFA3FA531D11FF4A2BAE" bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B, E, F</emphasis>
. RVi (INV.159225).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E452AFFA3FE4E1DCCFE3F2BAE" bold="true" box="[408,433,1666,1691]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">G.</emphasis>
CMS. Scale bars. 1 (A, B) = 500 µm; 2 (C–F) = 200 µm; 3 (G) = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="3AACE5A7452AFF9CFF411DA3FC5C2F08" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7209B62C452AFFA3FF411DA3FEB02A33" blockId="31.[151,318,1772,1799]" box="[151,318,1772,1799]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E452AFFA3FF411DA3FEB02A33" bold="true" box="[151,318,1772,1799]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Type material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C452AFFA3FF411C7BFE8A2A7A" blockId="31.[151,1282,1845,1907]" box="[151,260,1845,1871]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E452AFFA3FF411C7BFE8A2A7A" bold="true" box="[151,260,1845,1871]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<typeStatus id="AD0D088E452AFFA3FF411C7BFE8A2A7A" box="[151,260,1845,1871]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C452AFFA3FF411C17FA8C2A46" blockId="31.[151,1282,1845,1907]" box="[151,1282,1880,1907]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<materialsCitation id="C2DEBC71452AFFA3FF411C17FA8C2A46" box="[151,1282,1880,1907]" collectionCode="INV" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<specimenCount id="64B07DA5452AFFA3FF411C17FF4D2A46" box="[151,195,1881,1907]" count="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
, with soft parts dissected in glycerine in a sealed slide, and with valves stored dry (
<collectionCode id="14A72EE9452AFFA3FBB01C17FB182A46" box="[1126,1174,1881,1907]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13356" name="Inverness Museum and Art Gallery" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">INV</collectionCode>
.159225).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C452AFFA3FF411CEEFF722A8F" blockId="31.[151,736,1952,2015]" box="[151,252,1952,1978]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E452AFFA3FF411CEEFF722A8F" bold="true" box="[151,252,1952,1978]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<typeStatus id="AD0D088E452AFFA3FF411CEEFF722A8F" box="[151,252,1952,1978]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="allotype">Allotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C452AFFA3FF411C8BFD6E2AEA" blockId="31.[151,736,1952,2015]" box="[151,736,1988,2015]" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<materialsCitation id="C2DEBC71452AFFA3FF411C8BFD6E2AEA" box="[151,736,1988,2015]" collectionCode="INV" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="allotype">
<specimenCount id="64B07DA5452AFFA3FF411C8BFF4F2AEA" box="[151,193,1989,2015]" count="1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, dissected and stored as the male (
<collectionCode id="14A72EE9452AFFA3FD921C8AFDF72AEA" box="[580,633,1988,2015]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13356" name="Inverness Museum and Art Gallery" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="Herbarium">INV</collectionCode>
.159226).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4515FF9CFF411BD9FE812D84" blockId="32.[151,1436,151,285]" box="[151,271,151,177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4515FF9CFF411BD9FE812D84" bold="true" box="[151,271,151,177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<typeStatus id="AD0D088E4515FF9CFF411BD9FE812D84" box="[151,271,151,177]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4515FF9CFF411BF5FADB2C28" blockId="32.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<materialsCitation id="C2DEBC714515FF9CFF411BF5FBD12DE0" box="[151,1119,186,213]" collectionCode="INV" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="64B07DA54515FF9CFF411BF5FF542DE0" box="[151,218,187,213]" count="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
, dissected and stored as the
<typeStatus id="AD0D088E4515FF9CFDF51BF5FD0B2DE0" box="[547,645,187,213]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="14A72EE94515FF9CFD431BF4FD472DE0" box="[661,713,186,213]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13356" name="Inverness Museum and Art Gallery" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">INV</collectionCode>
.159227, INV.159228, INV.159229)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C2DEBC714515FF9CFBBB1BF5FD7D2DCC" collectionCode="INV" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="64B07DA54515FF9CFBBB1BF5FB202DE0" box="[1133,1198,187,213]" count="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="female">3 ♀♀</specimenCount>
dissected and stored as the male (
<collectionCode id="14A72EE94515FF9CFEFF1B90FED32DCC" box="[297,349,222,249]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13356" name="Inverness Museum and Art Gallery" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">INV</collectionCode>
.159230, INV.159231, INV.159232)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C2DEBC714515FF9CFCD61B91FDCD2C28" collectionCode="JSH" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCode="JSH0344" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="64B07DA54515FF9CFCD61B91FCCF2DCC" box="[768,833,223,249]" count="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="male">3 ♂♂</specimenCount>
carapaces stored dry in micropalaeontological slides (
<specimenCode id="22101E574515FF9CFF491A4DFE842C28" box="[159,266,259,285]" collectionCode="JSH" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">JSH0344</specimenCode>
, INV.159235, INV.159236)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="C2DEBC714515FF9CFD981A4DFADB2C28" box="[590,1365,258,285]" collectionCode="INV" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="64B07DA54515FF9CFD981A4DFDF62C28" box="[590,632,259,285]" count="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
carapace stored dry in micropalaeontological slide (
<collectionCode id="14A72EE94515FF9CFB171A4CFB7B2C28" box="[1217,1269,258,285]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13356" name="Inverness Museum and Art Gallery" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="Herbarium">INV</collectionCode>
.159227)
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4515FF9CFF411A05FEBE2C51" blockId="32.[151,1436,330,465]" box="[151,304,330,357]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4515FF9CFF411A05FEBE2C51" bold="true" box="[151,304,330,357]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Type locality</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4515FF9CFF411A21FCD32CE4" blockId="32.[151,1436,330,465]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<materialsCitation id="C2DEBC714515FF9CFF411A21FE632C98" country="Benin" location="Tchaourou District" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Borgou">
<collectingCountry id="0AA1F6BC4515FF9CFF411A21FF542CBC" box="[151,218,367,393]" name="Benin" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Benin</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="B07278CE4515FF9CFF311A21FE492CBC" box="[231,455,367,393]" country="Benin" name="Borgou" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Borgou Department</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="7769E0F74515FF9CFE061A21FD2A2CBC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA1F073A4528FF94FF411FBCFEA02C98:7769E0F74515FF9CFE061A21FD2A2CBC" box="[464,676,367,393]" country="Benin" name="Tchaourou District" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" stateProvince="Borgou">Tchaourou District</location>
, town of Badékparou located in the Okpara catchment area (tributary of the
<collectingRegion id="B07278CE4515FF9CFF361ADDFEBF2C98" box="[224,305,403,429]" country="Benin" name="Oueme" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Ouémé</collectingRegion>
catchment area)
</materialsCitation>
, coordinates:
<geoCoordinate id="1782D0EB4515FF9CFD5F1ADDFC832C98" box="[649,781,403,429]" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="13.314" orientation="latitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="1" value="9.2219">9°13.314’N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="1782D0EB4515FF9CFCC21ADDFC162C98" box="[788,920,403,429]" degrees="2" direction="east" minutes="33.790" orientation="longitude" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" precision="1" value="2.5631666">2°33.790’E</geoCoordinate>
, Leg.: S.J. Hotèkpo and M. Lagnika collected on
<date id="060890EC4515FF9CFF6C1AF9FEFB2CE4" box="[186,373,439,465]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" value="2022-10-11">11 October 2022</date>
(Locality code BEN066 in
<tableCitation id="3F3483974515FF9CFD7D1AF9FC872CE4" box="[683,777,439,465]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[152,244,929,955]" captionText="TABLE 1. Localities where Benincandona gen. nov. sp. nov. were collected, coordinates and hydro-morphological characteristics. In all stations, the water was clear and was used for both drinking water and household purposes by the riparian villages." pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Tables 1</tableCitation>
and
<tableCitation id="3F3483974515FF9CFCE91AF9FCDE2CE4" box="[831,848,439,465]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,244,1634,1658]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of physical and chemical water parameters and variables at the time of well fauna collection. WT= water temperature (°C), EC = electrical conductivity (µS cm-1), DO = dissolved oxygen (mg L-1). NM= no measurement." pageId="32" pageNumber="33">2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4515FF9CFF411AB0FE6E2F2D" blockId="32.[151,978,510,573]" box="[151,480,510,536]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4515FF9CFF411AB0FE6E2F2D" bold="true" box="[151,480,510,536]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Other material investigated</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4515FF9CFF41196DFC5C2F08" blockId="32.[151,978,510,573]" box="[151,978,547,573]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
See
<tableCitation id="3F3483974515FF9CFF10196DFE972F08" box="[198,281,547,573]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,244,1634,1658]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of physical and chemical water parameters and variables at the time of well fauna collection. WT= water temperature (°C), EC = electrical conductivity (µS cm-1), DO = dissolved oxygen (mg L-1). NM= no measurement." pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Table 2</tableCitation>
for a list of localities where the present species was collected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AACE5A74515FF94FF411924FD862C28" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="7209B62C4515FF9CFF411924FE0F2FB0" blockId="32.[151,1437,618,2013]" box="[151,385,618,645]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4515FF9CFF411924FE0F2FB0" bold="true" box="[151,385,618,645]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Description of male</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4515FF9CFF4119C1FDC42EB4" blockId="32.[151,1437,618,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
CpRl (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94515FF9CFF3619C1FE2C2F9C" box="[224,418,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-31@30.[169,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 16. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., valves (A–C, G, I–K ♂; D–F, H ♀). A–H. CpRl, (A–C, G: INV.159235, D–F, H: INV.159237). I–K. INV.159236, CpD. Scale bars. 1 (B, E, I) = 500 µm; 2 (A, C, D, F, G, H, J, K) = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745754/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 16A–C, G</figureCitation>
) elongated (L/H ratio = 2.0) and sub-triangular, dorsal margin bluntly pointed, with greatest height behind the middle, anterior part of dorsal margin sloping almost straight to anterior margin, passing into it with a blunt angle, anteroventral part of anterior margin almost straight, posterior part of dorsal margin sloping towards ventral margin, the latter almost straight; LV overlapping RV along anterior, ventral and posterior sides, dorsally strongly overlapping RV; valve surface set with polygonal ridges in midventral and central part. CpD (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94515FF9CFF49180DFEB62E68" box="[159,312,835,861]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-31@30.[169,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 16. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., valves (A–C, G, I–K ♂; D–F, H ♀). A–H. CpRl, (A–C, G: INV.159235, D–F, H: INV.159237). I–K. INV.159236, CpD. Scale bars. 1 (B, E, I) = 500 µm; 2 (A, C, D, F, G, H, J, K) = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745754/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 16I–K</figureCitation>
) narrow and sharply pointed at anterior margin, more bluntly pointed at posterior side, greatest width in the middle, lateral margins rounded.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4515FF9CFF1118C5FF7E2900" blockId="32.[151,1437,618,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
LVi (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94515FF9CFED418C5FE762E90" box="[258,504,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1630,1654]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-17@31.[151,1436,181,1606]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 17. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., valves (♂). A, C, D, G. LVi (A, C, D. INV.159225; G. INV.159227). B, E, F. RVi (INV.159225). G. CMS. Scale bars. 1 (A, B) = 500 µm; 2 (C–F) = 200 µm; 3 (G) = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745756/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 17A, C, D, G</figureCitation>
) elongated and sub-triangular, dorsal margin bluntly pointed in the centre, with greatest height behind the middle, anterior part of dorsal margin sloping almost straight to anterior margin, passing into it with a blunt angle, anteroventral part almost straight, posterior part of dorsal margin sloping towards ventral margin, the latter almost straight; one ventral il without antero-ventral tooth. CMS (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94515FF9CFBB318B9FB642924" box="[1125,1258,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1630,1654]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-17@31.[151,1436,181,1606]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 17. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., valves (♂). A, C, D, G. LVi (A, C, D. INV.159225; G. INV.159227). B, E, F. RVi (INV.159225). G. CMS. Scale bars. 1 (A, B) = 500 µm; 2 (C–F) = 200 µm; 3 (G) = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745756/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 17G</figureCitation>
) as in the
<typeStatus id="AD0D088E4515FF9CFABA18B9FA122924" box="[1388,1436,1015,1041]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">type</typeStatus>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4515FF9CFF111F71FE0629F0" blockId="32.[151,1437,618,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
RVi (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94515FF9CFED41F71FE4B296C" box="[258,453,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="31.[151,250,1630,1654]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1606]" captionTargetId="figure-17@31.[151,1436,181,1606]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="FIGURE 17. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., valves (♂). A, C, D, G. LVi (A, C, D. INV.159225; G. INV.159227). B, E, F. RVi (INV.159225). G. CMS. Scale bars. 1 (A, B) = 500 µm; 2 (C–F) = 200 µm; 3 (G) = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745756" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745756/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 17B, E, F</figureCitation>
) elongated, dorsal margin with greatest height well behind the middle, anterior part of dorsal margin sloping almost straight to anterior margin, passing into it with a blunt angle, anteroventral part straight, posterior part of dorsal margin sloping towards ventral margin, the latter almost straight; il running submarginally along ventral margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4515FF9CFF111F81FB4C2B64" blockId="32.[151,1437,618,2013]" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
A1 (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94515FF9CFF211F81FEF929DC" box="[247,375,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,185,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-31@34.[152,1436,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 19. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. A2 (INV.159225). B. A1 (INV.159225). C, D. MdCoxa (INV.159228). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745760/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 19B</figureCitation>
) consisting of seven articulated segments, one basal and six distal. Basal segment
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4515FF9CFADE1F81FA9529DD" box="[1288,1307,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">c.</emphasis>
three times as long as basal width, supporting two long ventro-subapical setae with the more apical slightly shorter than the other one; and two medium length setae on the dorsal side (one illustrated here), situated some distance from each other. First distal segment about twice the basal width, with one short dorso-apical seta. Second distal segment about the same length/width ratio as the previous segment with one very small dorso-apical seta. Third distal segment about three times as long as basal width, set with one very small apical seta in each side. Fourth distal segment about twice the basal width, with one short ventro-apical seta and one medium length dorso-apical seta, reaching beyond tip of sixth segment with more than the half the total length. Fifth distal segment about four times as long as wide, with two long dorso-apical setae and one short ventro-apical seta clearly exceeding the next segment. Sixth distal segment narrow,
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4515FF9CFE801D5DFEE72B19" box="[342,361,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">c.</emphasis>
four times as long as wide, with four apical structures: one aesthetasc Ya of intermediate length, two long setae about twice the length of Ya and one short seta, about one third the length of Ya.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4515FF9DFF111D15FE042C74" blockId="32.[151,1437,618,2013]" lastBlockId="33.[151,1437,151,321]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
A2 (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94515FF9CFF2C1D15FEF12B40" box="[250,383,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,185,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-31@34.[152,1436,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 19. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. A2 (INV.159225). B. A1 (INV.159225). C, D. MdCoxa (INV.159228). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745760/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 19A</figureCitation>
) with a basal segment (first protopodite) broad and rounded, mid-ventrally with one seta of medium length, two subapical setae of unequal length, proximal one
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4515FF9CFC621D31FC492BAD" box="[948,967,1663,1688]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">c.</emphasis>
twice the length of the more apical one. Second protopodite large and stout,
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4515FF9CFDF91DEDFDCC2B89" box="[559,578,1699,1724]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">c.</emphasis>
twice as long as basal width, set with one long ventro-subapical seta X. No remnant of exopodite visible. Endopodite consisting of four segments with the penultimate segment divided. First endopodal segment large, more than five times as long as basal width, carrying one long aesthetasc Y (distally asymmetrically bifurcated) on the mid-ventral side (slightly under tip of segment) and two ventro-apical setae, one short and one large, hirsute in its distal 4/5. Second endopodal segment (segment 2A)
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4515FF9CFB5D1C7DFB102A79" box="[1163,1182,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">c.</emphasis>
twice as long as wide, carrying one stout dorso-apical seta and three t-setae; seta t1 long, narrow and plumose, accompanied by a long and slender aesthetasc y1; setae t2 and t3 hyper-developed into male bristles, t2 ventro-apical, t3 centro-apical. Third endopodal segment (segment 2B) smaller than previous segment and almost as long as wide, set with a complex (and sexually dimorphic) apical chaetotaxy (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94515FF9CFD451C8DFC862AE8" box="[659,776,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-31@60.[151,1435,181,1492]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 40. Diagrams of apical views of the A2 of Benincandona, showing position of (sub-) terminal claws, setae and aesthetascs of the terminal (small circle) and penultimate segment (large circle). For explanations of codes, see Material and Methods (Abbreviations used in text and figures)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745804/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Figure 40</figureCitation>
): ventro-apically with one slender aesthetasc y2 and claw G3 transformed into short seta of almost equal length; centrally with one short seta z3; dorso-apically with z1 claw-like, length about twice as long as penultimate segment. Claw G2 and G1 about 2.5 times as long as z1, with z2 seta transformed into long claw, reaching tip of G2. Fourth, terminal, endopodal segment with one long claw (Gm), one short claw (GM), a long aesthetasc y3 with shorter accompanying seta, with fused part short, and seta g almost as long as aesthetasc y3.
</paragraph>
<caption id="26C9E6A44514FF9DFF411C48FBBD2A76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745758" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745758/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" startId="33.[151,250,1798,1822]" targetBox="[151,1436,345,1775]" targetPageId="33" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7209B62C4514FF9DFF411C48FBBD2A76" blockId="33.[151,1437,1798,1859]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4514FF9DFF411C48FEAD2A2B" bold="true" box="[151,291,1798,1822]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5B6CDAF4514FF9DFEFB1C49FD892A2A" authorityName="Hotèkpo &amp; Schön &amp; Martens" authorityYear="2024" box="[301,519,1799,1823]" class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Benincandona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakitii" status="gen. et spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4514FF9DFEFB1C49FD892A2A" box="[301,519,1799,1823]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">Benincandona sakitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BF1D7454514FF9DFDC71C49FD432A2B" box="[529,717,1799,1823]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" rank="species">gen. et spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, valves (♀).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4514FF9DFC8F1C48FC3E2A2A" bold="true" box="[857,944,1798,1823]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">A, C, D</emphasis>
. LVi (A, C, D. INV.159226).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4514FF9DFB241C49FAE82A2B" bold="true" box="[1266,1382,1798,1823]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">B, E, F, G</emphasis>
. RVi (INV.159226).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4514FF9DFEE71C64FEC52A76" bold="true" box="[305,331,1834,1859]" pageId="33" pageNumber="34">G.</emphasis>
CMS. Scale bars. 1 (A, B) = 500 µm; 2 (C–F) = 200 µm; 3 (G) = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="26C9E6A44517FF9EFF411CD9FE7C2AE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745760" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745760/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" startId="34.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[156,1433,185,1915]" targetPageId="34" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7209B62C4517FF9EFF411CD9FE7C2AE1" blockId="34.[151,1437,1943,2004]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4517FF9EFF411CD9FEAC2A9A" bold="true" box="[151,290,1943,1967]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5B6CDAF4517FF9EFEFC1CD6FD8C2A85" authorityName="Hotèkpo &amp; Schön &amp; Martens" authorityYear="2024" box="[298,514,1944,1968]" class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Benincandona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakitii" status="gen. et spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4517FF9EFEFC1CD6FD8C2A85" box="[298,514,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">Benincandona sakitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BF1D7454517FF9EFDDC1CD6FD4F2A9A" box="[522,705,1944,1968]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35" rank="species">gen. et spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, limbs (♂).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4517FF9EFCE91CD9FCDF2A9A" bold="true" box="[831,849,1943,1967]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">A</emphasis>
. A2 (INV.159225).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4517FF9EFBF71CD6FBBC2A85" bold="true" box="[1057,1074,1944,1968]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">B</emphasis>
. A1 (INV.159225).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4517FF9EFAD41CD9FABB2A85" bold="true" box="[1282,1333,1943,1968]" pageId="34" pageNumber="35">C, D</emphasis>
. MdCoxa (INV.159228). Scale bar = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="26C9E6A44516FF9FFF411CD9FC482AE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745762" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745762/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" startId="35.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[185,1402,185,1915]" targetPageId="35" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7209B62C4516FF9FFF411CD9FC482AE1" blockId="35.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4516FF9FFF411CD9FEAB2A9A" bold="true" box="[151,293,1943,1967]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5B6CDAF4516FF9FFEE61CD6FD852A85" authorityName="Hotèkpo &amp; Schön &amp; Martens" authorityYear="2024" box="[304,523,1944,1968]" class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Benincandona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakitii" status="gen. et spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4516FF9FFEE61CD6FD852A85" box="[304,523,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">Benincandona sakitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BF1D7454516FF9FFDC01CD6FD582A9A" box="[534,726,1944,1968]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36" rank="species">gen. et spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, limbs (♂).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4516FF9FFC8B1CD9FCE12A9A" bold="true" box="[861,879,1943,1967]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">A</emphasis>
. Mx1-palp (INV.159225).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4516FF9FFB581CD6FB112A85" bold="true" box="[1166,1183,1944,1968]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">B</emphasis>
. Mx1, respiratory plate (INV.159227).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4516FF9FFEE71CF5FECD2AE6" bold="true" box="[305,323,1979,2003]" pageId="35" pageNumber="36">C</emphasis>
. MdPalp (INV.159227). Scale bar. 1 (B), 2 (C), 3 (A) = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4511FF98FF111BD9FC472DCC" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
MdCoxa (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FEEE1BD9FE532D84" box="[312,477,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="34.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[156,1433,185,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-31@34.[152,1436,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="FIGURE 19. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. A2 (INV.159225). B. A1 (INV.159225). C, D. MdCoxa (INV.159228). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745760" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745760/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 19C–D</figureCitation>
) elongated, proximally sharply pointed, medially widened, distally with an obliquely widened end, set with a series (6–7) of strong teeth, interspaced with setae; subapically with a short seta.
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4511FF98FAEB1BF5FA1A2DE0" box="[1341,1428,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Remark</emphasis>
: asymmetry illustrated possibly resulting from different positions in slide.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4511FF98FF111A4DFAAB2F2C" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
MdPalp (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FEE61A4DFE3D2C28" box="[304,435,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,185,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@35.[181,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 20. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. Mx1-palp (INV.159225). B. Mx1, respiratory plate (INV.159227). C. MdPalp (INV.159227). Scale bar. 1 (B), 2 (C), 3 (A) = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745762/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 20C</figureCitation>
) consisting of four segments. Basal segment ventro-apically with two hirsute setae: one long (S1), reaching tip of terminal segment and one short and stout (S2), length about one fifth of the length of S1; in between with a short flagellum-like alpha seta (thin and about 1.5x length of S2); more proximally, one smooth, medium-length seta. Second segment of sub-triangular shape, dorso-apically with two setae of unequal length, ventro-apically with a group of four setae (long and unequal size). Third segment with two unequal dorso-subapical setae, two mid-dorsal setae, one of which being the gamma seta, and ventro-apically with three setae of sub-equal length. Terminal segment sub-rectangular, apically set with one large claw, fused with the segment over its entire distal margin, accompanied by one smooth lateral seta on each side, slightly shorter than the fused claw.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4511FF98FF11196DFF6B2F9C" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Mx1 (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FEDB196DFE382F08" box="[269,438,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,185,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@35.[181,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 20. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. Mx1-palp (INV.159225). B. Mx1, respiratory plate (INV.159227). C. MdPalp (INV.159227). Scale bar. 1 (B), 2 (C), 3 (A) = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745762/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 20A, B</figureCitation>
) palp with first segment carrying four long dorso-apical setae; terminal segment short and rectangular, carrying also four distal setae, some slightly claw-like. Respiratory plate (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FB401909FA962F54" box="[1174,1304,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[185,1402,185,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@35.[181,1406,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 20. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. Mx1-palp (INV.159225). B. Mx1, respiratory plate (INV.159227). C. MdPalp (INV.159227). Scale bar. 1 (B), 2 (C), 3 (A) = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745762" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745762/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 20B</figureCitation>
) elongated, carrying
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4511FF98FF2D1925FE802FB1" box="[251,270,619,644]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">c.</emphasis>
15 plumose respiratory rays, two short distal setae and a group of four shorter proximal setae of unequal length.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4511FF98FF1119FDFD712E68" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
T1 (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FF2119FDFE132FF8" box="[247,413,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,185,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@39.[170,1417,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 23. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (A, B ♂ and C–E ♀). A. T1, Lpp (INV.159228). B. T1, Rpp (INV.159228). C. A2 (INV.159226, INV.159231). D. CR (INV.159232). E. T1 (INV.159226). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745768/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 23A, B</figureCitation>
) with basal part (protopodite) carrying respiratory plates (exopodites not shown), distally set with 3+7 setae of different morphology and length including two plumose; more proximally set with d and d’ setae, length of the setae d’ being 1.5x the length of d. Prehensile palps clearly asymmetrical with Rpp (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FAC519B5FA1A2E20" box="[1299,1428,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,185,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@39.[170,1417,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 23. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (A, B ♂ and C–E ♀). A. T1, Lpp (INV.159228). B. T1, Rpp (INV.159228). C. A2 (INV.159226, INV.159231). D. CR (INV.159232). E. T1 (INV.159226). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745768/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 23B</figureCitation>
) slightly more swollen than Lpp (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FE281851FD0D2E0C" box="[510,643,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,185,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@39.[170,1417,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 23. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (A, B ♂ and C–E ♀). A. T1, Lpp (INV.159228). B. T1, Rpp (INV.159228). C. A2 (INV.159226, INV.159231). D. CR (INV.159232). E. T1 (INV.159226). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745768/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 23A</figureCitation>
); one-segmented, distally sigmoid hook-like, both palps set with a short sensory organ and proximally with two subequal setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4511FF98FF111829FAFB2900" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
T2 (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FF251829FEFC2EB4" box="[243,370,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1981,2005]" captionTargetBox="[177,1420,212,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-17@37.[166,1422,181,1957]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 21. Benincandona sakitii et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. T3 (INV.159225). B. T2 (INV.159225). C. CR (INV.159225). D. CRAtt (INV.15922). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745764/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 21B</figureCitation>
) with 4-segmented endopodite (penultimate segment divided), elongated, without basal setae (d1 and d2). First endopodal segment without any setae, length
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4511FF98FCE318C5FCC62E91" box="[821,840,907,932]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">c.</emphasis>
four times as long as basal width. Second endopodal segment with length
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4511FF98FE5418E1FE1B2EFD" box="[386,405,943,968]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">c.</emphasis>
4x basal width, set with one short ventro-apical seta f. Third endopodal segment with about the same length/width ratio as the previous segment and with one ventro-subapical seta g, about 1/3 the length of following segment. Terminal segment about 1.5 times as long as basal width, apically two short setae, h1 ventral and h3 (length being the half of the length of h1) dorsal and a long slender claw (h2), distally set with short setulae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4511FF98FF111F71FE1B2838" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
T3 (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FF231F71FEF6296C" box="[245,376,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1981,2005]" captionTargetBox="[177,1420,212,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-17@37.[166,1422,181,1957]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 21. Benincandona sakitii et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. T3 (INV.159225). B. T2 (INV.159225). C. CR (INV.159225). D. CRAtt (INV.15922). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745764/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 21A</figureCitation>
) with first segment carrying only one medium length seta d1. Second (knee-) segment set with d2-seta. Third segment about 4x as long as wide, not carrying any seta. Fourth segment narrower,
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4511FF98FB0F1F2DFB622949" box="[1241,1260,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">c.</emphasis>
7x basal width, slightly longer than the previous segment, carrying one short subapical seta g. Terminal segment well-separated from penultimate segment, length about twice basal width and carrying three setae: one long and reflexed (h3), tip clearly reaching base of the third segment, and two ventrally directed and curved setae h1 &amp; h2, the former
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4511FF98FA801F81FAE729DD" box="[1366,1385,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">c.</emphasis>
half the length of the latter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4511FF98FF111E59FEB9284C" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
CR (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FF2D1E59FEF32804" box="[251,381,1303,1329]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1981,2005]" captionTargetBox="[177,1420,212,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-17@37.[166,1422,181,1957]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 21. Benincandona sakitii et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. T3 (INV.159225). B. T2 (INV.159225). C. CR (INV.159225). D. CRAtt (INV.15922). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745764/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 21C</figureCitation>
) with stout ramus; claw Ga sigmoid, well-developed and stout, length ratio of ramus and claw Ga approximately 1.6; setae Sp (ventro-subapical), Sa (dorso-apical) and claw Gp (first ventro-subapical) reduced to small setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4511FF98FF111ECDFE1D28F4" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
CRAtt (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FEC91ECDFE2D28A8" box="[287,419,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="37.[151,250,1981,2005]" captionTargetBox="[177,1420,212,1949]" captionTargetId="figure-17@37.[166,1422,181,1957]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="FIGURE 21. Benincandona sakitii et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. T3 (INV.159225). B. T2 (INV.159225). C. CR (INV.159225). D. CRAtt (INV.15922). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745764/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 21D</figureCitation>
) long and stout, distally bifurcated and subapically with additional lateral branch; rounded fist-shaped apical end.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4511FF98FF111E85FE032B64" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Hp (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FF2A1E85FE2A28D0" box="[252,420,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-31@38.[185,1402,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. Zenker organ (INV.159227). B–D. Hp (INV.159225). B. External view (drawing). C. Internal view (photograph with interference contrast). D. Internal view (photograph without interference contrast). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745766/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 22B–D</figureCitation>
) with elongated lobe ls, apically rounded and with a pronounced hump-shaped ventral protrusion, reaching well beyond asymmetrically rounded medium shield (ms), both lobes overlapping, not diverging; lobe ‘h’ shorter and sub-rectangular; internal anatomy (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FC571D5DFBA82B18" box="[897,1062,1555,1581]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-31@38.[185,1402,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. Zenker organ (INV.159227). B–D. Hp (INV.159225). B. External view (drawing). C. Internal view (photograph with interference contrast). D. Internal view (photograph without interference contrast). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745766/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 22C, D</figureCitation>
) with postlabyrinthal spermiduct with one circular coil.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4511FF98FF111D15FD732BAC" blockId="36.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Zenker organ (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FEA41D15FE772B40" box="[370,505,1627,1653]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="38.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,191,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-31@38.[185,1402,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="FIGURE 22. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (♂). A. Zenker organ (INV.159227). B–D. Hp (INV.159225). B. External view (drawing). C. Internal view (photograph with interference contrast). D. Internal view (photograph without interference contrast). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745766/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 22A</figureCitation>
) elongated, with
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4511FF98FD131D15FD562B41" box="[709,728,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">c.</emphasis>
seven spinous whirls, with an elongated central tube joining posterior funnel-shaped end plate to anterior end plate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4511FF98FF411D88FE182BD5" blockId="36.[151,1436,1734,1977]" box="[151,406,1734,1760]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4511FF98FF411D88FE182BD5" bold="true" box="[151,406,1734,1760]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Description of female</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4511FF98FF411DA5FB4D2A30" blockId="36.[151,1436,1734,1977]" box="[151,1219,1771,1797]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Cp and valves (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FE921DA5FD9C2A30" box="[324,530,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1942,1966]" captionTargetBox="[169,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-31@30.[169,1418,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 16. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., valves (A–C, G, I–K ♂; D–F, H ♀). A–H. CpRl, (A–C, G: INV.159235, D–F, H: INV.159237). I–K. INV.159236, CpD. Scale bars. 1 (B, E, I) = 500 µm; 2 (A, C, D, F, G, H, J, K) = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745754" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745754/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figures 16D–F, H</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FDC81DA5FDFE2A30" box="[542,624,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1798,1822]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,345,1775]" captionTargetId="figure-109@33.[151,1436,345,1775]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 18. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., valves (♀). A, C, D. LVi (A, C, D. INV.159226). B, E, F, G. RVi (INV.159226). G. CMS. Scale bars. 1 (A, B) = 500 µm; 2 (C–F) = 200 µm; 3 (G) = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745758" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745758/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">18A–G</figureCitation>
) as in the male, without obvious sexual dimorphism.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4511FF98FF111C41FB072A1C" blockId="36.[151,1436,1734,1977]" box="[199,1161,1807,1833]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
Limbs (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FECB1C41FE312A1C" box="[285,447,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,185,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@39.[170,1417,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 23. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (A, B ♂ and C–E ♀). A. T1, Lpp (INV.159228). B. T1, Rpp (INV.159228). C. A2 (INV.159226, INV.159231). D. CR (INV.159232). E. T1 (INV.159226). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745768/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 23C–E</figureCitation>
) largely as in the male, but with sexually dimorphic A2 and T1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C4511FF98FF111C7DFC232A8C" blockId="36.[151,1436,1734,1977]" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">
A2 (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FF2F1C7DFEF22A78" box="[249,380,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,185,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@39.[170,1417,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 23. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (A, B ♂ and C–E ♀). A. T1, Lpp (INV.159228). B. T1, Rpp (INV.159228). C. A2 (INV.159226, INV.159231). D. CR (INV.159232). E. T1 (INV.159226). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745768/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 23C</figureCitation>
) with second endopodal segment undivided, with two t-setae, t1 (long, narrow and plumose) and t2 (thin and smooth); apical chaetotaxy (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA94511FF98FD451C19FC8A2A44" box="[659,772,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 40" captionStartId="60.[151,250,1516,1540]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,181,1492]" captionTargetId="figure-31@60.[151,1435,181,1492]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 40. Diagrams of apical views of the A2 of Benincandona, showing position of (sub-) terminal claws, setae and aesthetascs of the terminal (small circle) and penultimate segment (large circle). For explanations of codes, see Material and Methods (Abbreviations used in text and figures)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745804" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745804/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="37">Figure 40</figureCitation>
) with z1claw-like, z2 and z3 being both setae, z1 twice as long as z2 and z3; claws G1, G2, G3 and GM all reaching about the same point; seta g and aesthetasc y3 as in the male. Small claw Gm in female homologous to large claw in the male.
</paragraph>
<caption id="26C9E6A44510FF99FF411CF3FDA02ACF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745764" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745764" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745764/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" startId="37.[151,250,1981,2005]" targetBox="[177,1420,212,1949]" targetPageId="37" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7209B62C4510FF99FF411CF3FDA02ACF" blockId="37.[151,1436,1981,2042]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4510FF99FF411CF3FE912AE0" bold="true" box="[151,287,1981,2005]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">FIGURE 21.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5B6CDAF4510FF99FEF31CF3FE752AE0" authorityName="Hotèkpo &amp; Schön &amp; Martens" authorityYear="2024" box="[293,507,1981,2005]" class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Benincandona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakitii">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4510FF99FEF31CF3FE752AE0" box="[293,507,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Benincandona sakitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
et spec. nov., limbs (♂).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4510FF99FD231CF3FC892AE0" bold="true" box="[757,775,1981,2005]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">A</emphasis>
. T3 (INV.159225).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4510FF99FC181CF0FC512AE3" bold="true" box="[974,991,1982,2006]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">B</emphasis>
. T2 (INV.159225).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4510FF99FB731CF3FB392AE0" bold="true" box="[1189,1207,1981,2005]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">C</emphasis>
. CR (INV.159225).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4510FF99FA521CF0FA182AE3" bold="true" box="[1412,1430,1982,2006]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">D</emphasis>
. CRAtt (INV.15922). Scale bar = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="26C9E6A44513FF9AFF411CD9FDB32ACD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745766" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745766" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745766/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[195,1394,191,1912]" targetPageId="38" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7209B62C4513FF9AFF411CD9FDB32ACD" blockId="38.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4513FF9AFF411CD9FEAD2A9A" bold="true" box="[151,291,1943,1967]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 22.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5B6CDAF4513FF9AFEFB1CD9FD882A9A" authorityName="Hotèkpo &amp; Schön &amp; Martens" authorityYear="2024" box="[301,518,1943,1967]" class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Benincandona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakitii" status="gen. et spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4513FF9AFEFB1CD9FD882A9A" box="[301,518,1943,1967]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Benincandona sakitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BF1D7454513FF9AFDC61CD6FD452A9A" box="[528,715,1944,1968]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" rank="species">gen. et spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, limbs (♂).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4513FF9AFC9B1CD9FCD12A9A" bold="true" box="[845,863,1943,1967]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">A</emphasis>
. Zenker organ (INV.159227).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4513FF9AFB771CD6FB5E2A85" bold="true" box="[1185,1232,1944,1968]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B–D</emphasis>
. Hp (INV.159225).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4513FF9AFF411CF2FF262AE1" bold="true" box="[151,168,1980,2004]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">B</emphasis>
. External view (drawing).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4513FF9AFE141CF5FE5A2AE6" bold="true" box="[450,468,1979,2003]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">C</emphasis>
. Internal view (photograph with interference contrast).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4513FF9AFBCE1CF2FBA42AE1" bold="true" box="[1048,1066,1980,2004]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">D</emphasis>
. Internal view (photograph without interference contrast). Scale bar = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="26C9E6A44512FF9BFF411CD9FA9F2AE1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745768" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13745768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745768/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[173,1413,185,1915]" targetPageId="39" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7209B62C4512FF9BFF411CD9FA9F2AE1" blockId="39.[151,1436,1943,2004]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4512FF9BFF411CD9FEAD2A9A" bold="true" box="[151,291,1943,1967]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 23.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B5B6CDAF4512FF9BFEFA1CD6FD882A85" authorityName="Hotèkpo &amp; Schön &amp; Martens" authorityYear="2024" box="[300,518,1944,1968]" class="Ostracoda" family="Candonidae" genus="Benincandona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Podocopida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sakitii" status="gen. et spec. nov.">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4512FF9BFEFA1CD6FD882A85" box="[300,518,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Benincandona sakitii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BF1D7454512FF9BFDD91CD6FD442A9A" box="[527,714,1944,1968]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" rank="species">gen. et spec. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, limbs (A, B ♂ and C–E ♀).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4512FF9BFBDF1CD9FB952A9A" bold="true" box="[1033,1051,1943,1967]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A</emphasis>
. T1, Lpp (INV.159228).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4512FF9BFAF01CD6FAB92A85" bold="true" box="[1318,1335,1944,1968]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B</emphasis>
. T1, Rpp (INV.159228).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4512FF9BFEE71CF5FECD2AE6" bold="true" box="[305,323,1979,2003]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C</emphasis>
. A2 (INV.159226, INV.159231).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4512FF9BFD401CF2FD262AE1" bold="true" box="[662,680,1980,2004]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">D</emphasis>
. CR (INV.159232).
<emphasis id="40C26A3E4512FF9BFCA11CF2FC062AE1" bold="true" box="[887,904,1980,2004]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">E</emphasis>
. T1 (INV.159226). Scale bar = 50 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7209B62C451DFF94FF111BD9FC112DCC" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
T1 (
<figureCitation id="EA8DAAA9451DFF94FF231BD9FEF82D84" box="[245,374,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,185,1915]" captionTargetId="figure-17@39.[170,1417,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 23. Benincandona sakitii gen. et spec. nov., limbs (A, B ♂ and C–E ♀). A. T1, Lpp (INV.159228). B. T1, Rpp (INV.159228). C. A2 (INV.159226, INV.159231). D. CR (INV.159232). E. T1 (INV.159226). Scale bar = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13745768" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13745768/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Figure 23E</figureCitation>
) with basal part with
<emphasis id="40C26A3E451DFF94FDBB1BD9FD0E2D85" box="[621,640,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">c.</emphasis>
10 distal setae of unequal length; d, d’ and b setae present; respiratory plate reduced to about three rays, two short, one medium size about twice as long as others. Endopodite with a broad and short palp, set with three subequal but short apical setae (h1–h3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C451DFF94FF111A4DFD862C28" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,520,259,285]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E451DFF94FF111A4DFE0E2C28" bold="true" box="[199,384,259,285]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Measurements:</emphasis>
See
<tableCitation id="3F348397451DFF94FE601A4DFD862C28" box="[438,520,259,285]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="19.[152,244,1592,1616]" captionText="TABLE 3. Measurements of illustrated specimens of Benincandona gen. et spec. nov., using SEM." pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Table 3</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AACE5A7451DFF94FF111A68FDD32C74" box="[199,605,294,321]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7209B62C451DFF94FF111A68FDD32C74" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,605,294,321]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E451DFF94FF111A68FE5B2C75" bold="true" box="[199,469,294,320]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Differential Diagnosis:</emphasis>
See
<tableCitation id="3F348397451DFF94FDDC1A69FDD32C74" box="[522,605,295,321]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="20.[152,245,1665,1689]" captionText="TABLE 4. Differential character states between the five new species of Benincandona gen. nov." pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Table 4</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3AACE5A7451DFF94FF111A05FEA02C98" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="7209B62C451DFF94FF111A05FE612C51" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,429]" box="[199,495,330,357]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="40C26A3E451DFF94FF111A05FE612C51" bold="true" box="[199,495,330,357]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Ecology and distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7209B62C451DFF94FF111A21FEA02C98" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,429]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
This subterranean species is presently known from its
<typeStatus id="AD0D088E451DFF94FCFC1A21FCD42CBC" box="[810,858,367,393]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">type</typeStatus>
locality and a second, closely situated station, only (see
<tableCitation id="3F348397451DFF94FF1D1ADDFEAF2C98" box="[203,289,403,429]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[152,244,1634,1658]" captionText="TABLE 2. Measurements of physical and chemical water parameters and variables at the time of well fauna collection. WT= water temperature (°C), EC = electrical conductivity (µS cm-1), DO = dissolved oxygen (mg L-1). NM= no measurement." pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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