312 lines
41 KiB
XML
312 lines
41 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="3D8D5A8A5D395CE226917E48658BC290">Procladius travassosi (Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos, 1992) regarded as a new junior synonym of Procladius stroudi Roback 1982 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanypodinae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="FA06AD6DFFADFC25FF01CFD6FB5FFAA7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5935700" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154533934" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5935700" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA06AD6DFFADFC25FF01CFD6FB5FFAA7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA06AD6DFFADFC25FF01CFD6FB5FFAA7" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">
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<paragraph id="72101C7BFFADFC24FF01CFD6FE18FA18" blockId="0.[151,1437,1466,2027]" box="[151,476,1500,1526]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">
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<heading id="2958AB17FFADFC24FF01CFD6FE18FA18" bold="true" box="[151,476,1500,1526]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFADFC24FF01CFD6FE18FA18" ID-CoL="4MNQP" authority="Roback" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,476,1500,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stroudi">
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<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FF01CFD6FE18FA18" bold="true" box="[151,476,1500,1526]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">
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<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FF01CFD6FEB1FA18" bold="true" box="[151,373,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">Procladius stroudi</emphasis>
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Roback
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3AB54FF0FFADFC24FF01CFF5FB91F9A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="72101C7BFFADFC24FF01CFF5FD1EF9FA" blockId="0.[151,1437,1466,2027]" box="[151,730,1535,1556]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">
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<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFADFC24FF01CFF5FDCEF9FA" ID-CoL="4MNQP" authority="Roback 1982 b: 122" authorityName="Roback" authorityPageNumber="122" authorityYear="1982" box="[151,522,1535,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stroudi">
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<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FF01CFF5FE8CF9FA" box="[151,328,1535,1556]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">Procladius stroudi</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="F30E3A6AFFADFC24FED8CFF5FDCEF9FA" author="Roback, S. S." box="[334,522,1535,1556]" page="122" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" year="1982">
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<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFADFC24FED8CFF5FE19F9FA" author="Roback, S. S." box="[334,477,1535,1556]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" pagination="122 - 126" refId="ref2249" refString="Roback, S. S. (1982 b) Some new Procladius (Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) species from Colombia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 134, 122 - 126." type="journal article" year="1982">Roback 1982b</bibRefCitation>
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: 122
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(original description)
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="72101C7BFFADFC24FF01CC16FB91F9A0" blockId="0.[151,1437,1466,2027]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="52BF3B55FFADFC24FF01CC16FB91F9A0" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">
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<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFADFC24FF01CC16FC9AF9DF" ID-CoL="6P4CZ" authority="Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos 1992: 410" authorityName="Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos" authorityPageNumber="410" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,862,1564,1585]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Laurotanypus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travassosi">
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<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FF01CC16FEBBF9DF" box="[151,383,1564,1585]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">Laurotanypus travassosi</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="F30E3A6AFFADFC24FE13CC16FC9AF9DF" author="Oliveira, S. J. & Messias, M. C. & Silva-Vasconcelos, A." box="[389,862,1564,1585]" page="410" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" year="1992">
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<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFADFC24FE13CC16FCF4F9DF" author="Oliveira, S. J. & Messias, M. C. & Silva-Vasconcelos, A." box="[389,816,1564,1585]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" pagination="161 - 165" refId="ref1860" refString="Oliveira, S. J., Messias, M. C. & Silva-Vasconcelos, A. (1992) On a new Neotropical genus of the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 87, 161 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761992000500032" type="journal article" year="1992">Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos 1992</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 410
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(description of male and female);
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<treatmentCitation id="F30E3A6AFFADFC24FB3CCC16FF2FF9A0" author="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N." page="463" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" year="2018">
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<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFADFC24FB3CCC16FA5DF9DF" author="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N." box="[1194,1433,1564,1585]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" pagination="462 - 470" refId="ref1797" refString="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N. (2018) Immature stages of Laurotanypus travassosi Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos, 1992 reveal a new synonymy in Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 4444 (4), 462 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4444.4.6" type="journal article" year="2018">Dantas & Hamada 2018</bibRefCitation>
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: 463
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</treatmentCitation>
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(as
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<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFADFC24FE85CC33FEBFF9A0" ID-CoL="9G2QS" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[275,379,1593,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FE85CC33FEBFF9A0" box="[275,379,1593,1614]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">Procladius</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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, description of immature stages and redescription of male).
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<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FC2ACC33FB8AF9A1" bold="true" box="[956,1102,1593,1615]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">New Synonym</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3AB54FF0FFADFC25FF01CC5DFB5FFAA7" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="72101C7BFFADFC24FF01CC5DFB2AF86D" blockId="0.[151,1437,1466,2027]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">
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The
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<typeStatus id="AD14A2D9FFADFC24FF5ECC5DFEE1F980" box="[200,293,1623,1646]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and one
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<typeStatus id="AD14A2D9FFADFC24FE1FCC5DFE21F980" box="[393,485,1623,1646]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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||
of
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<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFADFC24FD9CCC5CFD15F980" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1982" box="[522,721,1622,1646]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stroudi">
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<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FD9CCC5CFD15F980" box="[522,721,1622,1646]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">Procladius stroudi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, slide-mounted in Hoyer’s medium and deposited at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP), were examined. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFADFC24FC2FCC70FB5FF97F" author="Oliveira, S. J. & Messias, M. C. & Silva-Vasconcelos, A." box="[953,1179,1657,1681]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" pagination="161 - 165" refId="ref1860" refString="Oliveira, S. J., Messias, M. C. & Silva-Vasconcelos, A. (1992) On a new Neotropical genus of the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 87, 161 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761992000500032" type="journal article" year="1992">
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Oliveira
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<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FB80CC70FB88F97F" box="[1046,1100,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">et al.</emphasis>
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(1992)
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</bibRefCitation>
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, the types of
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<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFADFC24FABECC73FEC7F95D" baseAuthorityName="Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travassosi">
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<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FABECC73FEC7F95D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">Procladius travassosi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(as
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<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFADFC24FEB9CC96FE05F95D" authorityName="de Oliveira, da Conceicao Messias & da Silva-Vasconcelos" authorityYear="1992" box="[303,449,1692,1715]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Laurotanypus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FEB9CC96FE05F95D" box="[303,449,1692,1715]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">Laurotanypus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) are deposited in the Entomological Collections of the Institute Oswaldo Cruz (CEIOC-RJ). However, in a recent visit to this collection G. P. S. Dantas was not able to locate either the
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<typeStatus id="AD14A2D9FFADFC24FB14CCB5FB1BF938" box="[1154,1247,1727,1750]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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or the
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<typeStatus id="AD14A2D9FFADFC24FAB8CCB5FA53F938" box="[1326,1431,1727,1750]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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, which suggests that the types have been lost (
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<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFADFC24FDEBCCE8FC42F917" author="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N." box="[637,902,1762,1785]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" pagination="462 - 470" refId="ref1797" refString="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N. (2018) Immature stages of Laurotanypus travassosi Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos, 1992 reveal a new synonymy in Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 4444 (4), 462 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4444.4.6" type="journal article" year="2018">Dantas & Hamada 2018</bibRefCitation>
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||
). Therefore, information on
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<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFADFC24FB23CCEBFA58F917" baseAuthorityName="Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[1205,1436,1761,1785]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travassosi">
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<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FB23CCEBFA58F917" box="[1205,1436,1761,1785]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">Procladius travassosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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is based on the original descriptions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFADFC24FDACCD0EFCDCF8F5" author="Oliveira, S. J. & Messias, M. C. & Silva-Vasconcelos, A." box="[570,792,1795,1819]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" pagination="161 - 165" refId="ref1860" refString="Oliveira, S. J., Messias, M. C. & Silva-Vasconcelos, A. (1992) On a new Neotropical genus of the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 87, 161 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761992000500032" type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Oliveira
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||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FD0BCD0EFD14F8F5" box="[669,720,1795,1819]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the complete redescription of the species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFADFC24FAA7CD0EFEF0F8D0" author="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N." pageId="0" pageNumber="280" pagination="462 - 470" refId="ref1797" refString="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N. (2018) Immature stages of Laurotanypus travassosi Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos, 1992 reveal a new synonymy in Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 4444 (4), 462 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4444.4.6" type="journal article" year="2018">Dantas & Hamada 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). From the drawings provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFADFC24FD22CD2DFC67F8D0" author="Oliveira, S. J. & Messias, M. C. & Silva-Vasconcelos, A." box="[692,931,1830,1854]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" pagination="161 - 165" refId="ref1860" refString="Oliveira, S. J., Messias, M. C. & Silva-Vasconcelos, A. (1992) On a new Neotropical genus of the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 87, 161 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761992000500032" type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FC80CD2DFC8BF8D0" box="[790,847,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1992)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, it was immediately apparent that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFADFC24FABECD2CFEC7F88F" baseAuthorityName="Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travassosi">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FABECD2CFEC7F88F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">Procladius travassosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is identical to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFADFC24FE21CD40FDE7F88F" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1982" box="[439,547,1865,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stroudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FE21CD40FE00F88F" box="[439,452,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FE4ECD43FDE7F88F" box="[472,547,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">stroudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Here, the seeming synonymy is confirmed after the comparison between the redescription of the adult male by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFADFC24FD92CD66FCD2F86D" author="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N." box="[516,790,1900,1923]" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" pagination="462 - 470" refId="ref1797" refString="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N. (2018) Immature stages of Laurotanypus travassosi Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos, 1992 reveal a new synonymy in Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 4444 (4), 462 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4444.4.6" type="journal article" year="2018">Dantas & Hamada (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and the type material of
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FBB4CD61FB2AF86D" box="[1058,1262,1899,1923]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFADFC24FBB4CD61FB2EF86D" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1982" box="[1058,1258,1899,1923]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stroudi">Procladius stroudi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="72101C7BFFADFC25FF51CD85FDE2FDC2" blockId="0.[151,1437,1466,2027]" lastBlockId="1.[151,1436,151,1353]" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="281" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">
|
||
The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFADFC24FEC3CD84FD85F848" baseAuthorityName="Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[341,577,1934,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travassosi">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FEC3CD84FD85F848" box="[341,577,1934,1958]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">Procladius travassosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was diagnosed by the presence of a scutal tubercle, banded wings and the gonostylus without heel. The scutum has a well-developed tubercle, indeed. However, this feature has been also observed in other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFADFC24FE52CDD9FDFCF805" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[452,568,2003,2027]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="280" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFADFC24FE52CDD9FDFCF805" box="[452,568,2003,2027]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="280">Procladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The gonostylus was figured and described in some detail, but apart from the lack of heel, the species described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFACFC25FE6ECA92FD1EFF41" author="Oliveira, S. J. & Messias, M. C. & Silva-Vasconcelos, A." box="[504,730,151,175]" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" pagination="161 - 165" refId="ref1860" refString="Oliveira, S. J., Messias, M. C. & Silva-Vasconcelos, A. (1992) On a new Neotropical genus of the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 87, 161 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761992000500032" type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FDC0CA92FD48FF41" box="[598,652,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1992)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
seems not to possess any features affording distinction from most other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FF43CAB3FE8DFF3F" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[213,329,185,209]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FF43CAB3FE8DFF3F" box="[213,329,185,209]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Procladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species. Comparing specimens ascribed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FCB7CAB3FC2CFF3F" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1982" box="[801,1000,185,209]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stroudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FCB7CAB3FC2CFF3F" box="[801,1000,185,209]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Procladius stroudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FB8BCAB0FB6CFF3F" baseAuthorityName="Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos" baseAuthorityYear="1992" box="[1053,1192,186,209]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="travassosi">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FB8BCAB0FBEEFF3F" box="[1053,1066,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FBAFCAB0FB6CFF3F" box="[1081,1192,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">travassosi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FB3ECAB0FB68FF3F" box="[1192,1196,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">,</emphasis>
|
||
I was not able to find any valid difference between them to justify the Brazilian specimens as a separate species from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FB1DCAD6FA94FF1A" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1982" box="[1163,1360,220,244]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stroudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FB1DCAD6FA94FF1A" box="[1163,1360,220,244]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Procladius stroudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Slight differences are evident in the descriptions and some specimens examined. In the Colombian specimens, for example, the scutal tubercle is less prominent and the apices of the abdominal segments II–V are narrowly pale, while the gonocoxite is brown in the apical half. These minor divergences observed can be reasonably interpreted as differences between populations of the same species in different areas. Males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FCC7CB6DFBD9FE91" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1982" box="[849,1053,359,383]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stroudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FCC7CB6DFBD9FE91" box="[849,1053,359,383]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Procladius stroudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated from any other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FF01CB83FE6AFE4F" authority="" box="[151,430,393,417]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Psilotanypus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FF01CB83FECEFE4F" box="[151,266,393,417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Procladius</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FE8DCB83FE60FE4F" box="[283,420,393,417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Psilotanypus</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the wings with two dark transverse bands, the reduced eye dorsomedial extension and the presence of scutal tubercle. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFACFC25FDC7CBA7FCA2FE2A" author="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N." box="[593,870,429,452]" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" pagination="462 - 470" refId="ref1797" refString="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N. (2018) Immature stages of Laurotanypus travassosi Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos, 1992 reveal a new synonymy in Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 4444 (4), 462 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4444.4.6" type="journal article" year="2018">Dantas & Hamada (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pupae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FC45CBA6FB5CFE2A" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1982" box="[979,1176,428,452]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stroudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FC45CBA6FB5CFE2A" box="[979,1176,428,452]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Procladius stroudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are characterized by the cylindrical thoracic horn, the rounded plastron plate and the absence of lateral fringe on the abdominal segments III–VI, while the larvae can be distinguished by the mola distally expanded with bilobed apex and the paraligula with small points in the outer and inner margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="72101C7BFFACFC25FF51C832FDC5FBB9" blockId="1.[151,1436,151,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">
|
||
In a comprehensive study of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FD0DC832FBE7FDA1" authority=", Silva & Ekrem (2016)" authorityName=", Silva & Ekrem" authorityYear="2016" box="[667,1059,568,591]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tanypodinae">
|
||
Tanypodinae,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFACFC25FCA5C832FBE7FDA1" author="Silva, F. L. & Ekrem, T." box="[819,1059,568,591]" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" pagination="73 - 92" refId="ref2542" refString="Silva, F. L. & Ekrem, T. (2016) Phylogenetic relationships of nonbiting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) inferred from morphology. Systematic Entomology, 41, 73 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12141" type="journal article" year="2016">Silva & Ekrem (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sampled morphological characters across all life stages for all nine tribes within the subfamily. In that study, the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FBA5C850FB01FD9F" authorityName="de Oliveira, da Conceicao Messias & da Silva-Vasconcelos" authorityYear="1992" box="[1075,1221,602,625]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Laurotanypus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FBA5C850FB01FD9F" box="[1075,1221,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Laurotanypus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was recovered as a sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FF6BC876FE29FD7A" authority="Fittkau" authorityName="Fittkau" authorityYear="1968" box="[253,493,636,660]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Djalmabatista" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FF6BC876FE52FD7A" box="[253,406,636,660]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Djalmabatista</emphasis>
|
||
Fittkau
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in both analyses of equally weighted characters and by using implied weights. A phylogenetic analysis, based on the data of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFACFC25FDE6C8AAFCA0FD59" author="Silva, F. L. & Ekrem, T." box="[624,868,672,695]" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" pagination="73 - 92" refId="ref2542" refString="Silva, F. L. & Ekrem, T. (2016) Phylogenetic relationships of nonbiting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) inferred from morphology. Systematic Entomology, 41, 73 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12141" type="journal article" year="2016">Silva & Ekrem (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, including information about the immature stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FF01C8C8FEEEFD37" authorityName="de Oliveira, da Conceicao Messias & da Silva-Vasconcelos" authorityYear="1992" box="[151,298,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Laurotanypus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FF01C8C8FEEEFD37" box="[151,298,706,729]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Laurotanypus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recovered the putative genus occupying the most basal position within the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FB2FC8C8FAEAFD37" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1971" box="[1209,1326,706,729]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Procladiini">Procladiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(data not shown). According to the nomenclatural action proposed here, I would expect
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FC41C8EFFBAEFD12" authorityName="de Oliveira, da Conceicao Messias & da Silva-Vasconcelos" authorityYear="1992" box="[983,1130,741,764]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Laurotanypus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FC41C8EFFBAEFD12" box="[983,1130,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Laurotanypus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be recovered as a sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FF01C90DFECEFCF1" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,266,775,799]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FF01C90DFECEFCF1" box="[151,266,775,799]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Procladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as these terminals are represented by different species of the latter genus. Nonetheless, the phylogenetic sister-relationship between the so-called
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FDDBC920FD1BFCAF" authorityName="de Oliveira, da Conceicao Messias & da Silva-Vasconcelos" authorityYear="1992" box="[589,735,810,833]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Laurotanypus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FDDBC920FD1BFCAF" box="[589,735,810,833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Laurotanypus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the remaining genera in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FB88C920FB57FCAF" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1971" box="[1054,1171,810,833]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Procladiini">Procladiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be attributed to the lack of character information about the unknown immature stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FC2AC946FB04FC8A" authority="Harrison" authorityName="Harrison" authorityYear="1970" box="[956,1216,844,868]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Lepidopelopia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FC2AC946FB92FC8A" box="[956,1110,844,868]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Lepidopelopia</emphasis>
|
||
Harrison
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and partially from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FF01C965FCE5FC69" authority="Niitsuma. Moreover, Silva & Ekrem (2016)" authorityName="Niitsuma. Moreover, Silva & Ekrem" authorityYear="2016" box="[151,801,879,903]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Saetheromyia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FF01C965FEEDFC69" box="[151,297,879,903]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Saetheromyia</emphasis>
|
||
Niitsuma. Moreover,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFACFC25FDB4C97AFCE5FC69" author="Silva, F. L. & Ekrem, T." box="[546,801,880,903]" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" pagination="73 - 92" refId="ref2542" refString="Silva, F. L. & Ekrem, T. (2016) Phylogenetic relationships of nonbiting midges in the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae) inferred from morphology. Systematic Entomology, 41, 73 - 92. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / syen. 12141" type="journal article" year="2016">Silva & Ekrem (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in their matrix, did not fully considered the subgeneric morphological divergence in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FE7FC99BFD99FC47" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[489,605,913,937]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FE7FC99BFD99FC47" box="[489,605,913,937]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Procladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFACFC25FC92C998FBF4FC47" author="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N." box="[772,1072,914,937]" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" pagination="462 - 470" refId="ref1797" refString="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N. (2018) Immature stages of Laurotanypus travassosi Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos, 1992 reveal a new synonymy in Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 4444 (4), 462 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4444.4.6" type="journal article" year="2018">Dantas & Hamada (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported inconsistencies in the establishment of the subgenera of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FD91C9BEFDBFFC22" authorityName="Skuse" authorityYear="1889" box="[519,635,948,972]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FD91C9BEFDBFFC22" box="[519,635,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Procladius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, since the male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FCDEC9BFFC6AFC22" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1982" box="[840,942,948,972]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stroudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FCDEC9BFFC91FC22" box="[840,853,949,972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">P</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FCF5C9BEFC6AFC22" box="[867,942,948,972]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">stroudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
seems not to fit in the diagnosis of any of the three subgroups of the genus. Other than that, the boundary of some genera in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FBC2C9D2FB0DFC01" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1971" box="[1108,1225,984,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Procladiini">Procladiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to become increasingly unclear with deeper sampling in recent years. In this context, the use of molecular markers may be a suitable approach for summarizing the diversity and detecting taxonomically challenging species (Silva & Wiedenbrug 2014) and species groups within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FE12CE4AFE38FBB9" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1971" box="[388,508,1088,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Procladiini">Procladiini</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="72101C7BFFACFC25FF51CE68FB5FFAA7" blockId="1.[151,1436,151,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">
|
||
In relation to the ecology, in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AB85CEBFFACFC25FD89CE68FDA7FB97" box="[543,611,1122,1145]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5AF67F8FFACFC25FC84CE6BFC1AFB97" authorityName="Roback" authorityYear="1982" box="[786,990,1121,1145]" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Procladius" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stroudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FC84CE6BFC1AFB97" box="[786,990,1121,1145]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Procladius stroudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected associated with aquatic vegetation on the banks of a first order stream, characterized by acidic black water (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFACFC25FBCFCE8FFAABFB72" author="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N." box="[1113,1391,1157,1180]" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" pagination="462 - 470" refId="ref1797" refString="Dantas, G. P. S. & Hamada, N. (2018) Immature stages of Laurotanypus travassosi Oliveira, Messias & Silva-Vasconcelos, 1992 reveal a new synonymy in Tanypodinae (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 4444 (4), 462 - 470. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4444.4.6" type="journal article" year="2018">Dantas & Hamada 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AB85CEBFFACFC25FF01CEA2FEC7FB51" box="[151,259,1192,1215]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, although no immature stages were collected, the adults were found in the vicinities of the Laguna
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AB85CEBFFACFC25FF01CEC0FEE0FB0F" box="[151,292,1226,1249]" name="Mozambique" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFACFC25FEA5CEC0FE10FB0F" author="Roback, S. S." box="[307,468,1226,1249]" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" pagination="122 - 126" refId="ref2249" refString="Roback, S. S. (1982 b) Some new Procladius (Chironomidae: Tanypodinae) species from Colombia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 134, 122 - 126." type="journal article" year="1982">Roback 1982b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is an old cutoff oxbows of the Metica river, characterized by having the margins with decaying vegetation, and a layer of clean fine silt toward the center (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFACFC25FC3CCEE7FB62FAEA" author="Roback, S. S. & Nieser, N." box="[938,1190,1261,1284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" pagination="29 - 49" refId="ref2149" refString="Roback, S. S. & Nieser, N. (1974) Aquatic Hemiptera (Heteroptera) from the Llanos of Colombia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 126, 29 - 49." type="journal article" year="1974">Roback & Nieser 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although there is not much information about the distribution in the type-locality,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AB85CEBFFACFC25FCB7CF1AFC49FAC9" box="[801,909,1296,1319]" name="Colombia" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the species appears to disperse widely in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0AB85CEBFFACFC25FAC2CF1AFA5CFAC9" box="[1364,1432,1296,1319]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, occurring from the north to the southeast, in both savanna and forest areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="163E618AFFACFC25FC2CCF38FB4BFAA7" author="Oliveira, S. J. & Messias, M. C. & Silva-Vasconcelos, A." box="[954,1167,1329,1353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="281" pagination="161 - 165" refId="ref1860" refString="Oliveira, S. J., Messias, M. C. & Silva-Vasconcelos, A. (1992) On a new Neotropical genus of the subfamily Tanypodinae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 87, 161 - 165. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0074 - 02761992000500032" type="journal article" year="1992">
|
||
Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="40DBC069FFACFC25FB8CCF38FB94FAA7" box="[1050,1104,1329,1353]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="281">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1992
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |