756 lines
91 KiB
XML
756 lines
91 KiB
XML
<document id="BBD5FC6AC490B6A62CA4ADF216EAED40" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.198718" ID-GBIF-Dataset="51f3133b-0961-417f-a32b-9dbaf1512e69" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="198718" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460311549789" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Nishikawa, Masaaki, Ikeda, Hiroshi, Kubota, Kohei & Sota, Teiji" docDate="2010" docId="FA01F1186E761A554CA0B5C3FB83F960" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02648p031.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2648" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Silpha longicornis Portevin 1926" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="063889606E721A584C37B164FFF6FFB4" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic redefinition and natural history of the endemic silphid beetle Silpha longicornis (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Japan, with an analysis of its geographic variation" masterLastPageNumber="31" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="5" updateTime="1698254323434" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="991049D4AB6B090CA8017493F76DF193">Taxonomic redefinition and natural history of the endemic silphid beetle Silpha longicornis (Coleoptera: Silphidae) of Japan, with an analysis of its geographic variation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8405FFBBFEFEFED04F3AB1FADA2FF140">Nishikawa, Masaaki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F12BDECC90B23499735B7A509C999D0A">Ikeda, Hiroshi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AD01A01A52D0258BCD32F08EA4487238">Kubota, Kohei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="338D9EC8F26BD5E3EEE10D9D3B4DAA4D">Sota, Teiji</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="6773FE55476E7A1A4E4FA9AF67F528EB">2010</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D7194D811430C99F574BEAC129A50563">2648</mods:number>
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<treatment id="FA01F1186E761A554CA0B5C3FB83F960" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5631757" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119400989" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5631757" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA01F1186E761A554CA0B5C3FB83F960" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA01F1186E761A554CA0B5C3FB83F960" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<subSubSection id="3AB213856E761A5C4CA0B5C3FEA4FB50" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7217400E6E761A5C4CA0B5C3FDC6FB75" blockId="4.[151,560,1191,1252]" box="[151,560,1191,1217]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<heading id="295FF7626E761A5C4CA0B5C3FDC6FB75" bold="true" box="[151,560,1191,1217]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4CA0B5C3FDC6FB75" authority="Portevin, 1926" authorityName="Portevin" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,560,1191,1217]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
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||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4CA0B5C3FDC6FB75" bold="true" box="[151,560,1191,1217]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4CA0B5C3FE83FB75" bold="true" box="[151,373,1191,1217]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Silpha longicornis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E761A5C4D4BB5C3FDC6FB75" author="Portevin" box="[380,560,1191,1217]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Portevin, G. (1926) Les Grands Necrophages du Globe. Silphini - Necrodini - Necrophorini. Encyclopedie Entomologique, (A) 6, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="1926">Portevin, 1926</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7217400E6E761A5C4CA0B5AEFEA4FB50" blockId="4.[151,560,1191,1252]" box="[151,338,1226,1252]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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(
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<figureCitation id="EA935C8B6E761A5C4CA8B5AEFEBFFB50" box="[159,329,1226,1252]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,197,1684]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 16. Habitus of type specimens and labels (1 – 7): 1 — Silpha longicornis Portevin, lectotype, Ψ, dorsal view; 2 — same, labels; 3 — Silpha yamatona Kôno, holotype, ♂, dorsal view (photo by S. Shimano); 4 — same, labels (photo by S. Shimano); 5 — Silpha imitator Shibata, holotype, ♂, dorsal view; 6 — same, labels; 7 — same, aedeagus in ventral view. Details of Silpha longicornis Portevin, showing variation of elytron color (8 – 9), and sculpture (10 – 13): 8 — black specimen from Mt. Kurikoma, Iwate Pref.; 9 — reddish-brown specimen from Mt. Kasa-ga-take, Nagano Pref. (with aberration of elytral costae); 10 — rugose intervals; 11 — flat intervals; 12 — punctate microsculpture; 13 — smooth microsculpture. Apex of male metatibia, showing terminal projection (14). Prothorax of larvae of Silpha perforata Gebler (15, from Moheji near Hakodate, S. W. Hokkaido) and Silpha longicornis Portevin (16, from Jikkoku-tôge, Nagano Pref.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198719/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Figs. 1–14, 16</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="3AB213856E761A5C4CA0B471FBBFFA78" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7217400E6E761A5C4CA0B471FEE2FAF8" blockId="4.[151,1436,1301,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="52B867206E761A5C4CA0B471FEE2FAF8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4CA0B471FDACFA98" authority="Portevin, 1920: 309" authorityName="Portevin" authorityPageNumber="309" authorityYear="1920" box="[151,602,1301,1324]" class="Insecta" family="Silphidae" genus="Phosphuga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
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<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4CA0B471FE83FA98" box="[151,373,1301,1324]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phosphuga japonica</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="F309661F6E761A5C4D48B471FDACFA98" author="Portevin" box="[383,602,1301,1324]" page="309" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1920">
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<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E761A5C4D48B471FDD5FA98" author="Portevin" box="[383,547,1301,1324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Portevin, G. (1920) Note sur quelques Silphides du Japon. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1920, 309." type="journal article" year="1920">Portevin, 1920</bibRefCitation>
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: 309
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E761A5C4E5FB471FD60FA98" box="[616,662,1301,1324]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
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locality: Chiuzinji [= Chûzenji, Nikko, Tochigi Pref., central Honshu,
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<collectingCountry id="0ABF009E6E761A5C4CF0B451FEFCFAF8" box="[199,266,1333,1356]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Japan</collectingCountry>
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].
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7217400E6E761A5C4CA0B431FE55FA38" blockId="4.[151,1436,1301,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="52B867206E761A5C4CA0B431FE55FA38" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4CA0B431FDB0FAD8" authority="Portevin, 1926: 69" authorityName="Portevin" authorityPageNumber="69" authorityYear="1926" box="[151,582,1365,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
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<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4CA0B431FE94FAD8" box="[151,354,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Silpha longicornis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="F309661F6E761A5C4D46B431FDB0FAD8" author="Portevin" box="[369,582,1365,1388]" page="69" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1926">
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<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E761A5C4D46B431FDEFFAD8" author="Portevin" box="[369,537,1365,1388]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Portevin, G. (1926) Les Grands Necrophages du Globe. Silphini - Necrodini - Necrophorini. Encyclopedie Entomologique, (A) 6, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="1926">Portevin, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 69
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(nom. nov. for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4F3EB431FB69FAD8" authority="Portevin, 1920" authorityName="Portevin" authorityYear="1920" box="[777,1183,1365,1388]" class="Insecta" family="Silphidae" genus="Phosphuga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4F3EB431FC1AFAD8" box="[777,1004,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Phosphuga japonica</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E761A5C4FCCB431FB69FAD8" author="Portevin" box="[1019,1183,1365,1388]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Portevin, G. (1920) Note sur quelques Silphides du Japon. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, 1920, 309." type="journal article" year="1920">Portevin, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(non
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<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C48DBB431FE64FA38" authority="Motschulsky, 1862" authorityName="Motschulsky" authorityYear="1862" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">
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<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C48DBB431FA6AFAD8" box="[1260,1436,1365,1388]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Silpha japonica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E761A5C4CF0B411FE64FA38" author="Motschulsky" box="[199,402,1397,1420]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Motschulsky, V. de (1862) Entomologie speciale. Insectes du Japon. Etudes Entomologiques, 9 [1860], 4 - 39." type="journal article" year="1862">Motschulsky, 1862</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
))
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E761A5C4CA0B4F1FB2FFA18" blockId="4.[151,1436,1301,1485]" box="[151,1241,1429,1453]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="52B867206E761A5C4CA0B4F1FB2FFA18" box="[151,1241,1429,1453]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4CA0B4F1FD93FA18" authority="Kono, 1929: 158" authorityName="Kono" authorityPageNumber="158" authorityYear="1929" box="[151,613,1429,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamatona" subGenus="Silpha">
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<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4CA0B4F1FF2DFA18" box="[151,219,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Silpha</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4CDDB4F1FED8FA18" box="[234,302,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Silpha</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4D09B4F1FE51FA18" box="[318,423,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">yamatona</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="F309661F6E761A5C4D9AB4F1FD93FA18" author="Kono" box="[429,613,1429,1452]" page="158" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1929">
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<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E761A5C4D9AB4F1FDD9FA18" author="Kono" box="[429,559,1429,1452]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Kono, H. (1929) Beitrag zur Silphiden-Fauna Japans (Col.). Insecta Matsumurana, 3, 157 - 165." type="journal article" year="1929">Kôno, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 158
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E761A5C4E47B4F1FD68FA18" box="[624,670,1429,1452]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
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locality: Sanjodake,
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<collectingCountry id="0ABF009E6E761A5C4F48B4F1FC27FA18" box="[895,977,1429,1452]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yamato</collectingCountry>
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[= Nara Pref.],
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<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C484DB4F1FB69FA19" bold="true" box="[1146,1183,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">syn</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C489BB4F1FB24FA19" bold="true" box="[1196,1234,1429,1453]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">nov</emphasis>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E761A5C4CA0B4D1FBBFFA78" blockId="4.[151,1436,1301,1485]" box="[151,1097,1461,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="52B867206E761A5C4CA0B4D1FBBFFA78" box="[151,1097,1461,1485]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
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||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4CA0B4D1FE0BFA78" authority="Shibata, 1969: 49" authorityName="Shibata" authorityPageNumber="49" authorityYear="1969" box="[151,509,1461,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
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<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4CA0B4D1FECEFA78" box="[151,312,1461,1484]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Silpha imitator</emphasis>
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||
<treatmentCitation id="F309661F6E761A5C4D09B4D1FE0BFA78" author="Shibata" box="[318,509,1461,1484]" page="49" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" year="1969">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E761A5C4D09B4D1FE22FA78" author="Shibata" box="[318,468,1461,1484]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Shibata, T. (1969) Some reports on the burying beetles from Japan, I (Col., Silphidae). The Entomological Review of Japan, 21, 47 - 54, pls. 5 - 6." type="journal article" year="1969">Shibata, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 49
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E761A5C4E3FB4D1FDC0FA78" box="[520,566,1461,1484]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
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||
locality: Mt. Ohmine,
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||
<collectingCountry id="0ABF009E6E761A5C4F1DB4D1FC89FA78" box="[810,895,1461,1484]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yamato</collectingCountry>
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||
, Honshu.
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||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4FDEB4D1FBF8FA79" bold="true" box="[1001,1038,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">syn</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C482CB4D1FBB7FA79" bold="true" box="[1051,1089,1461,1485]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3AB213856E761A554CA0B49EFB83F960" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E761A5C4CA0B49EFA6AF8AE" blockId="4.[151,1438,1530,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4CA0B49EFDFFF9A0" bold="true" box="[151,521,1530,1556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
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<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E761A5C4CA0B49EFF2DF9A0" box="[151,219,1530,1556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens examined.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4E24B49FFC7CF9A0" authority="Portevin." authorityName="Portevin." box="[531,906,1530,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4E24B49FFCFEF9A0" box="[531,776,1531,1556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Silpha longicornis</emphasis>
|
||
Portevin.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4FA3B49EFBE8F9A0" bold="true" box="[916,1054,1530,1556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E761A5C4FA3B49EFBE8F9A0" box="[916,1054,1530,1556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(here designated): female in “COLLECTION GENERALE /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4E23B744FD44F98E" box="[532,690,1568,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Silphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">SILPHIDAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
”,
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E761A5C4EF1B744FCD5F98E" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[710,803,1568,1594]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
, bearing the following labels (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA935C8B6E761A5C48B3B744FB3BF98E" box="[1156,1229,1568,1594]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,197,1684]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 16. Habitus of type specimens and labels (1 – 7): 1 — Silpha longicornis Portevin, lectotype, Ψ, dorsal view; 2 — same, labels; 3 — Silpha yamatona Kôno, holotype, ♂, dorsal view (photo by S. Shimano); 4 — same, labels (photo by S. Shimano); 5 — Silpha imitator Shibata, holotype, ♂, dorsal view; 6 — same, labels; 7 — same, aedeagus in ventral view. Details of Silpha longicornis Portevin, showing variation of elytron color (8 – 9), and sculpture (10 – 13): 8 — black specimen from Mt. Kurikoma, Iwate Pref.; 9 — reddish-brown specimen from Mt. Kasa-ga-take, Nagano Pref. (with aberration of elytral costae); 10 — rugose intervals; 11 — flat intervals; 12 — punctate microsculpture; 13 — smooth microsculpture. Apex of male metatibia, showing terminal projection (14). Prothorax of larvae of Silpha perforata Gebler (15, from Moheji near Hakodate, S. W. Hokkaido) and Silpha longicornis Portevin (16, from Jikkoku-tôge, Nagano Pref.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198719/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
): “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0ABF009E6E761A5C48DBB744FAC0F98E" box="[1260,1334,1568,1594]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Japon</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Chû- / - zenji,
|
||
<date id="061666CE6E761A5C4CD4B721FEB5F9EB" box="[227,323,1605,1631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1923-10-07">23-7-10</date>
|
||
/ Edme Gallois”, “MUSEUM
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4E8BB721FCF9F9EB" box="[700,783,1605,1631]" class="Liliopsida" family="Melanthiaceae" genus="Paris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Liliales" pageId="4" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E761A5C4E8BB721FCF9F9EB" box="[700,783,1605,1631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">PARIS</collectionCode>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0ABF009E6E761A5C4F1EB721FC60F9EB" box="[809,918,1605,1631]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">NIPPON</collectingCountry>
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E761A5C4FA8B721FBFBF9EB" box="[927,1037,1605,1631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MOYEN</collectionCode>
|
||
/ E. GALLOIS 1912”, “
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E761A5C490EB721FA7BF9EB" box="[1337,1421,1605,1631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E761A5C490EB721FA7BF9EB" box="[1337,1421,1605,1631]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4C93B70FFF07F930" box="[164,241,1643,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4C93B70FFF07F930" box="[164,241,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Silpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4D3DB70FFE65F930" box="[266,403,1643,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4D3DB70FFE65F930" box="[266,403,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">longicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E761A5C4D9BB70EFDA8F930" author="Portevin" box="[428,606,1642,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Portevin, G. (1926) Les Grands Necrophages du Globe. Silphini - Necrodini - Necrophorini. Encyclopedie Entomologique, (A) 6, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="1926">Portevin, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
/ Ψ / Jan Rûžička det. 2002”, “
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E761A5C4FE1B70EFB75F930" box="[982,1155,1642,1668]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="lectotype">LECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C48ABB70FFB1EF930" box="[1180,1256,1643,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C48ABB70FFB1EF930" box="[1180,1256,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Silpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4934B70FFA7AF930" box="[1283,1420,1643,1668]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4934B70FFA7AF930" box="[1283,1420,1643,1668]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">longicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E761A5C4CA0B7F4FEBCF91E" author="Portevin" box="[151,330,1680,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Portevin, G. (1926) Les Grands Necrophages du Globe. Silphini - Necrodini - Necrophorini. Encyclopedie Entomologique, (A) 6, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="1926">Portevin, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
/ Ψ / Design.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E761A5C4DC0B7F4FD05F91E" author="Nishikawa" box="[503,755,1680,1706]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Nishikawa, M. & Sikes, D. S. (2008) New records and range extensions of the Asian Silphidae (Coleoptera). Special Publication of the Japan Coleopterological Society, Osaka, (2), 127 - 143." type="journal article" year="2008">M. Nishikawa, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
” (right antennal segments V–XI and left middle leg are missing).
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E761A5C4D39B7D1FE49F97B" box="[270,447,1717,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paralectotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4D39B7D1FE49F97B" bold="true" box="[270,447,1717,1743]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Paralectotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
: female in “COLLECTION GENERALE /
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4FE6B7D1FB84F97B" box="[977,1138,1717,1743]" class="Insecta" family="Silphidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">SILPHIDAE</taxonomicName>
|
||
”,
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E761A5C48BEB7D1FB11F97B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" box="[1161,1255,1717,1743]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
, bearing labels with the same inscriptions as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E761A5C4E2CB7BEFD70F940" box="[539,646,1754,1780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and an additional label “
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E761A5C4F9FB7BEFB69F940" box="[936,1183,1754,1780]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paralectotype">PARALECTOTYPE</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4882B7BFFAF6F940" box="[1205,1280,1755,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4882B7BFFAF6F940" box="[1205,1280,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Silpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4921B7BFFA6DF940" box="[1302,1435,1755,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4921B7BFFA6DF940" box="[1302,1435,1755,1780]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">longicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E761A5C4C91B664FEA5F8AE" author="Portevin" box="[166,339,1792,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Portevin, G. (1926) Les Grands Necrophages du Globe. Silphini - Necrodini - Necrophorini. Encyclopedie Entomologique, (A) 6, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="1926">Portevin, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
/ Ψ / Design.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E761A5C4DC2B664FD11F8AE" author="Nishikawa" box="[501,743,1792,1818]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refString="Nishikawa, M. & Sikes, D. S. (2008) New records and range extensions of the Asian Silphidae (Coleoptera). Special Publication of the Japan Coleopterological Society, Osaka, (2), 127 - 143." type="journal article" year="2008">M. Nishikawa, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
” (the basal portion of the left elytron is slightly deformed).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E761A5C4CF1B641FE3EF83E" blockId="4.[151,1438,1530,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4CF1B641FE13F88B" authority="Kono." authorityName="Kono." box="[198,485,1829,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamatona">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4CF1B641FE67F88A" box="[198,401,1829,1854]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Silpha yamatona</emphasis>
|
||
Kôno.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E761A5C4DC6B641FD95F88B" box="[497,611,1829,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4DC6B641FD95F88B" bold="true" box="[497,611,1829,1855]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
: male (listed as female in original description) in Kôno collection,
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E761A5C4CA0B62EFF16F8D0" box="[151,224,1866,1892]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kch5-hv72" name="Humboldt University Zoologisches Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">HUM</collectionCode>
|
||
, bearing the following labels (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA935C8B6E761A5C4E61B62EFD55F8D0" box="[598,675,1866,1892]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,197,1684]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 16. Habitus of type specimens and labels (1 – 7): 1 — Silpha longicornis Portevin, lectotype, Ψ, dorsal view; 2 — same, labels; 3 — Silpha yamatona Kôno, holotype, ♂, dorsal view (photo by S. Shimano); 4 — same, labels (photo by S. Shimano); 5 — Silpha imitator Shibata, holotype, ♂, dorsal view; 6 — same, labels; 7 — same, aedeagus in ventral view. Details of Silpha longicornis Portevin, showing variation of elytron color (8 – 9), and sculpture (10 – 13): 8 — black specimen from Mt. Kurikoma, Iwate Pref.; 9 — reddish-brown specimen from Mt. Kasa-ga-take, Nagano Pref. (with aberration of elytral costae); 10 — rugose intervals; 11 — flat intervals; 12 — punctate microsculpture; 13 — smooth microsculpture. Apex of male metatibia, showing terminal projection (14). Prothorax of larvae of Silpha perforata Gebler (15, from Moheji near Hakodate, S. W. Hokkaido) and Silpha longicornis Portevin (16, from Jikkoku-tôge, Nagano Pref.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198719/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
): “Sanjodake, /
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0ABF009E6E761A5C4F5FB62EFC3EF8D0" box="[872,968,1866,1892]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Yamato</collectingCountry>
|
||
, /
|
||
<date id="061666CE6E761A5C4FD0B62EFB89F8D0" box="[999,1151,1866,1892]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1913-08-09">9–VIII 1913</date>
|
||
/ T. Isshiki.”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C490AB62FFA7DF8D0" box="[1341,1419,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C490AB62FFA7DF8D0" box="[1341,1419,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Silpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E761A5C4CA0B614FEFDF83D" box="[151,267,1904,1929]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamatona">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E761A5C4CA0B614FEFDF83D" box="[151,267,1904,1929]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">yamatona</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Kôno /
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E761A5C4D4EB614FE4CF83E" box="[377,442,1904,1930]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="26D710866E771A5D4CA0B7DBFEC2F862" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198719/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[159,1436,197,1676]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E771A5D4CA0B7DBFEC2F862" blockId="5.[151,1437,1727,2006]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E771A5D4CA0B7DBFEA6F963" bold="true" box="[151,336,1727,1751]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURES 1–16.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitus of type specimens and labels (1–7): 1—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E771A5D4F6FB7DBFB76F962" authority="Portevin" authorityName="Portevin" box="[856,1152,1727,1750]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E771A5D4F6FB7DBFBEBF962" box="[856,1053,1727,1750]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Silpha longicornis</emphasis>
|
||
Portevin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, lectotype, Ψ, dorsal view; 2—same, labels; 3—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E771A5D4D40B7BBFD99F942" authority="Kono" authorityName="Kono" box="[375,623,1759,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yamatona">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E771A5D4D40B7BBFDDDF942" box="[375,555,1759,1782]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Silpha yamatona</emphasis>
|
||
Kôno
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, ♂, dorsal view (photo by S. Shimano); 4—same, labels (photo by S. Shimano); 5—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E771A5D4D66B79BFDBDF8A2" authority="Shibata" authorityName="Shibata" box="[337,587,1791,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E771A5D4D66B79BFE04F8A2" box="[337,498,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Silpha imitator</emphasis>
|
||
Shibata
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype, ♂, dorsal view; 6—same, labels; 7—same, aedeagus in ventral view. Details of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E771A5D4D39B67BFDBFF882" authority="Portevin" authorityName="Portevin" box="[270,585,1823,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E771A5D4D39B67BFE28F882" box="[270,478,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Silpha longicornis</emphasis>
|
||
Portevin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, showing variation of elytron color (8–9), and sculpture (10–13): 8—black specimen from Mt. Kurikoma, Iwate Pref.; 9—reddish-brown specimen from Mt. Kasa-ga-take, Nagano Pref. (with aberration of elytral costae); 10—rugose intervals; 11—flat intervals; 12—punctate microsculpture; 13—smooth microsculpture. Apex of male metatibia, showing terminal projection (14). Prothorax of larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E771A5D48D3B61BFF15F802" authority="Gebler" authorityName="Gebler" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perforata">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E771A5D48D3B61BFA6AF822" box="[1252,1436,1919,1942]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Silpha perforata</emphasis>
|
||
Gebler
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(15, from Moheji near Hakodate, S.W. Hokkaido) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E771A5D4F64B6FBFB7FF802" authority="Portevin" authorityName="Portevin" box="[851,1161,1951,1974]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E771A5D4F64B6FBFBD5F802" box="[851,1059,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Silpha longicornis</emphasis>
|
||
Portevin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(16, from Jikkoku-tôge, Nagano Pref.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="26D710866E741A5E4CA0B565FE3EFBEC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198720/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[491,1091,186,1003]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E741A5E4CA0B565FE3EFBEC" blockId="6.[151,1436,1025,1112]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4CA0B565FED1FBAD" bold="true" box="[151,295,1025,1049]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FIGURE 17.</emphasis>
|
||
SAMOVA grouping of population of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4EF3B565FC1AFBAC" authority="Portevin" authorityName="Portevin" box="[708,1004,1025,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4EF3B565FC7CFBAC" box="[708,906,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Silpha longicornis</emphasis>
|
||
Portevin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1–21) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4847B565FACFFBAC" authority="Shibata" authorityName="Shibata" box="[1136,1337,1025,1048]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4847B565FB8BFBAC" box="[1136,1149,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E48BCB565FB17FBAC" box="[1163,1249,1025,1048]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
Shibata
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(22–23). Numbers are the sampling site numbers as described in Ikeda
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4F0FB545FC9EFB8C" box="[824,872,1057,1080]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2009). Six symbols (●Ο□․♢♦) indicate the groups discriminated by SAMOVA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E741A5E4CF1B5E5FC2BF944" blockId="6.[151,1437,1152,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4CF1B5E5FE17FB2F" authority="Shibata." authorityName="Shibata." box="[198,481,1153,1179]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4CF1B5E5FE8EFB2E" box="[198,376,1153,1178]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Silpha imitator</emphasis>
|
||
Shibata.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E741A5E4DDEB5E4FDADFB2E" box="[489,603,1152,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4DDEB5E4FDADFB2E" bold="true" box="[489,603,1152,1178]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Holotype</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
: male in Shibata collection,
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E741A5E4F85B5E5FBF4FB2F" box="[946,1026,1153,1179]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KCMI</collectionCode>
|
||
, bearing the following labels (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA935C8B6E741A5E495AB5E5FF5FFB74" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 16" captionStartId="5.[151,269,1727,1751]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,197,1676]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,197,1684]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 16. Habitus of type specimens and labels (1 – 7): 1 — Silpha longicornis Portevin, lectotype, Ψ, dorsal view; 2 — same, labels; 3 — Silpha yamatona Kôno, holotype, ♂, dorsal view (photo by S. Shimano); 4 — same, labels (photo by S. Shimano); 5 — Silpha imitator Shibata, holotype, ♂, dorsal view; 6 — same, labels; 7 — same, aedeagus in ventral view. Details of Silpha longicornis Portevin, showing variation of elytron color (8 – 9), and sculpture (10 – 13): 8 — black specimen from Mt. Kurikoma, Iwate Pref.; 9 — reddish-brown specimen from Mt. Kasa-ga-take, Nagano Pref. (with aberration of elytral costae); 10 — rugose intervals; 11 — flat intervals; 12 — punctate microsculpture; 13 — smooth microsculpture. Apex of male metatibia, showing terminal projection (14). Prothorax of larvae of Silpha perforata Gebler (15, from Moheji near Hakodate, S. W. Hokkaido) and Silpha longicornis Portevin (16, from Jikkoku-tôge, Nagano Pref.)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198719/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
): “Mt. OHMINE /
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0ABF009E6E741A5E4DB1B5C2FE09FB74" box="[390,511,1190,1216]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">YAMATO</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="061666CE6E741A5E4E22B5C2FD6DFB74" box="[533,667,1190,1216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1960-06-27">27.VI.1960</date>
|
||
/ M. Yoshikawa”, “
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E741A5E4F48B5C2FC02FB74" box="[895,1012,1190,1216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
”, “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4820B5C3FB94FB74" box="[1047,1122,1191,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4820B5C3FB94FB74" box="[1047,1122,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Silpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4840B5C3FB20FB74" box="[1143,1238,1191,1216]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4840B5C3FB20FB74" box="[1143,1238,1191,1216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ SHIBATA / sp. nov. ď”, “a”.
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E741A5E4D76B5AFFE33FB51" box="[321,453,1227,1253]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4D76B5AFFE33FB51" bold="true" box="[321,453,1227,1253]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Paratypes</emphasis>
|
||
</typeStatus>
|
||
: Ψ, “Dorogawa–Hôriki-tôge”, “DOROGAWA /
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0ABF009E6E741A5E4817B5AFFB68FB51" box="[1056,1182,1227,1253]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">YAMATO</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="061666CE6E741A5E488FB5AFFAEAFB51" box="[1208,1308,1227,1253]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">13.VIII.</date>
|
||
[print] 19 [handwritten] 58 / [print] T. Shibata”, [red rectangular label; print] “
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E741A5E4FEFB595FBBDFABF" box="[984,1099,1265,1291]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
”, [orange rectangular label; print] “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4CDBB473FEC1FA84" box="[236,311,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4CDBB473FEC1FA84" box="[236,311,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Silpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4D78B473FE58FA84" box="[335,430,1303,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4D78B473FE58FA84" box="[335,430,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ SHIBATA Ψ / sp. nov.” (
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E741A5E4EDFB472FCCDFA84" box="[744,827,1302,1328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">KCMI</collectionCode>
|
||
); ď, [white rectangular label; print] “MT. OHMINE /
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0ABF009E6E741A5E4C90B45FFED7FAE1" box="[167,289,1339,1365]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">YAMATO</collectingCountry>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="061666CE6E741A5E4D0DB45FFE44FAE1" box="[314,434,1339,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1961-06-01">1.VI.1961</date>
|
||
/ N. OHTANI”, [orange rectangular label; print] “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E483CB458FBA1FAE1" box="[1035,1111,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E483CB458FBA1FAE1" box="[1035,1111,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Silpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4847B458FB39FAE1" box="[1136,1231,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4847B458FB39FAE1" box="[1136,1231,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ SHIBATA / sp. nov. ď”, [red rectangular label; print] “
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E741A5E4E6BB405FD3EFACF" box="[604,712,1377,1403]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
” (
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E741A5E4ED4B405FCCDFACF" box="[739,827,1377,1403]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">NSMT</collectionCode>
|
||
); Ψ, [white rectangular label; print] “Inamuragatake / Nara
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0ABF009E6E741A5E4CDFB4E2FEDDFA14" box="[232,299,1414,1440]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
/ [handwritten]
|
||
<date id="061666CE6E741A5E4DDDB4E2FDBEFA14" box="[490,584,1414,1440]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">14.VIII.</date>
|
||
[print] 19 [handwritten]
|
||
<date id="061666CE6E741A5E4F58B4E2FC40FA14" box="[879,950,1414,1440]" bridgedPair="/" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" value="1960-01">60 / I.</date>
|
||
Hiura leg.”, [red rectangular label; print] “
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E741A5E4C95B4CFFEEDFA71" box="[162,283,1451,1477]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
”, [orange rectangular label; print] “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4ED0B4C8FCCFFA71" box="[743,825,1452,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4ED0B4C8FCCFFA71" box="[743,825,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Silpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4F63B4C8FC4DFA71" box="[852,955,1452,1477]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4F63B4C8FC4DFA71" box="[852,955,1452,1477]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ SHIBATA Ψ / sp. nov.”, [light-blue rectangular label; print] “Osaka Mus. N.H. / Jap. Insect Coll. / No. [handwritten] 21377”; Ψ, [white rectangular label; print] “Kawai, Tenkawa / Nara,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0ABF009E6E741A5E4EDEB492FCDAF9A4" box="[745,812,1526,1552]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
/ [handwritten]
|
||
<date id="061666CE6E741A5E4FDBB492FBB7F9A4" box="[1004,1089,1526,1552]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">21.VII.</date>
|
||
[print] 195 [handwritten] 6”, [white rectangular label; print] “Osaka Munic. Mus. / Nat. Hist. / Leg. M. Hori”, [red rectangular label; print] “
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E741A5E4C95B725FEEDF9EF" box="[162,283,1601,1627]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
”, [orange rectangular label; print] “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4ED0B725FCCFF9EE" box="[743,825,1601,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4ED0B725FCCFF9EE" box="[743,825,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Silpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4F63B725FC4DF9EE" box="[852,955,1601,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4F63B725FC4DF9EE" box="[852,955,1601,1626]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ SHIBATA Ψ / sp. nov.”, [light-blue rectangular label; print] “Osaka Mus. N.H. / Jap. Insect Coll. / No. [handwritten] 21376”; Ψ, [white rectangular label; print] “Mt. Inamura / Nara. Pref. / [handwritten]
|
||
<date id="061666CE6E741A5E4F92B7E8FC0FF912" box="[933,1017,1676,1702]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">22.VII.</date>
|
||
[print] 19 [handwritten] 61 / [print] Coll. Mitsuo Goto”, [red rectangular label; print] “
|
||
<typeStatus id="AD13FEAC6E741A5E4EC7B7D5FCADF97F" box="[752,859,1713,1739]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4F44B7D5FBD0F97E" box="[883,1062,1713,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4F44B7D5FBD0F97E" box="[883,1062,1713,1738]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Silpha imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ Shibata”, [orange rectangular label; print] “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4D03B7B3FE89F944" box="[308,383,1751,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4D03B7B3FE89F944" box="[308,383,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Silpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4DA1B7B3FE02F944" box="[406,500,1751,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imitator">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4DA1B7B3FE02F944" box="[406,500,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">imitator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
/ SHIBATA Ψ / sp. nov.” (all in
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E741A5E4F46B7B2FC26F944" box="[881,976,1750,1776]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/rcjv-ktyc" name="Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">OMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E741A5E4CF1B79FFD68F81F" blockId="6.[151,1437,1152,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4CF1B79FFDF4F8A1" bold="true" box="[198,514,1787,1813]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Geographic Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E741A5E4E3BB798FD13F8A1" box="[524,741,1788,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E741A5E4E3BB798FD13F8A1" box="[524,741,1788,1813]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Silpha longicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0ABF009E6E741A5E4FAEB798FC2AF8A2" box="[921,988,1788,1814]" name="Japan" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and occurs in 17 mountain ranges of Honshu and Sado Island (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA935C8B6E741A5E4DF4B645FDECF88F" box="[451,538,1825,1851]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="7.[151,256,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[439,1150,837,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[432,1154,829,1806]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 18. Geographic distribution of S. longicornis Portevin based on the examined specimens (Appendix 1) and mountain ranges. Contour interval 1,000 feet. 1 — Ôu Mountains; 2 — Shirakami Mountains; 3 — Kitakami Hills; 4 — Dewa Mountains; 5 — Echigo Mountains; 6 — Ôsado Mountains; 7 — Chikuma Mountains; 8 — Kantô Mountains; 9 — Misaka Mountains; 10 — Tanzawa Mountains; 11 — Fuji Volcanoes; 12 — Hida Mountains; 13 — Kiso Mountains; 14 — Akaishi Mountains; 15 — Hida Hills; 16 — Ryohaku Mountains; 17 — Kii Mountains. Fossil sites (▲) are also shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198721/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
). This species is widespread in the mountainous areas in the northeastern Kii Mountains, but a gap exists between the Kii Mountains and Ryohaku Mountains in south–central Honshu. In the Kii Mountains, this species occurs in the central massifs, such as Daikô and Ômine, but not west of the Totsu-kawa River (Harusawa, pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E741A5F4CF1B6D2FCB5FF48" blockId="6.[151,1437,1152,2038]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1438,152,775]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
The highest locality where this species has been found is at
|
||
<quantity id="B550EDEB6E741A5E4FAAB6D2FBF6F864" box="[925,1024,1974,2000]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="2300.0">2,300 m</quantity>
|
||
on Mt. Kiso-komagatake, and the lowest site is at
|
||
<quantity id="B550EDEB6E741A5E4D78B6B8FE6FF842" box="[335,409,2012,2038]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.59" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" unit="m" value="159.0">159 m</quantity>
|
||
altitude in Onoso, Yamagata Pref. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA935C8B6E741A5E4F0EB6B8FC66F842" box="[825,912,2012,2038]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="8.[151,256,1735,1759]" captionTargetBox="[327,1263,739,1702]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[317,1270,717,1725]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 19. Vertical distribution of Silpha longicornis Portevin based on the examined specimens (Appendix 1) and climatic vegetation zones. Solid line shows the maximum altitude along the transect. a—forest limit; b—border between evergreen coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved forests; c—hypothetical forest limit during the Last Glacial Maximum; d—hypothetical border between coniferous and broad-leaved forest during the Last Glacial Maximum. Modified from Nogami (2001: Fig. 4.2.1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198722/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 19</figureCitation>
|
||
). The mean altitude of the vertical range was 1,404 ± 474 (SD) m. The vertical limit was approximately
|
||
<quantity id="B550EDEB6E751A5F4F49B1FCFC3BFF06" box="[894,973,152,178]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="500.0">500 m</quantity>
|
||
above the border between evergreen coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved forests, and
|
||
<quantity id="B550EDEB6E751A5F4F21B1D9FC56FF63" box="[790,928,189,215]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="600.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="500.0">500–700 m</quantity>
|
||
below the forest limit. Thus, this species inhabits cool −temperate and subalpine −coniferous forests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E751A5F4CF1B06CFC81FE03" blockId="7.[151,1438,152,775]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Only three fossil specimens of this species have been found to date (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA935C8B6E751A5F483DB06CFB93FE96" box="[1034,1125,264,290]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="7.[151,256,1835,1859]" captionTargetBox="[439,1150,837,1797]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[432,1154,829,1806]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 18. Geographic distribution of S. longicornis Portevin based on the examined specimens (Appendix 1) and mountain ranges. Contour interval 1,000 feet. 1 — Ôu Mountains; 2 — Shirakami Mountains; 3 — Kitakami Hills; 4 — Dewa Mountains; 5 — Echigo Mountains; 6 — Ôsado Mountains; 7 — Chikuma Mountains; 8 — Kantô Mountains; 9 — Misaka Mountains; 10 — Tanzawa Mountains; 11 — Fuji Volcanoes; 12 — Hida Mountains; 13 — Kiso Mountains; 14 — Akaishi Mountains; 15 — Hida Hills; 16 — Ryohaku Mountains; 17 — Kii Mountains. Fossil sites (▲) are also shown." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198721/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 18</figureCitation>
|
||
): in the Early Pleistocene Uonuma Formation (Higashikubiki Hills, Niigata Pref.), at the Late Pleistocene Taruguchi-iseki archaeological site (Asahi-mura, Niigata Pref.), and in the Late Pleistocene Nojiri-ko Formation (Ikejiri-gawa Hollow near Lake Nojiri-ko, Nagano Pref.;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E751A5F4EA9B01CFCB1FE26" author="Hayashi" box="[670,839,376,402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Hayashi, M. (2002) Search for the formative history of the insect fauna in the Japanese Archipelago. An existing state and future subjects of the paleontological approach. Nejirebane, Osaka, (103), 1 - 6. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2002">Hayashi 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The oldest of the three indicates that this species has existed for at least 1.2 to 0.9 million years (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E751A5F4EF6B0F9FC9CFE03" author="Hayashi" box="[705,874,413,439]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Hayashi, M. (2001) Fossil insects and paleoenvironments of the Plio-Pleistocene Uonuma Formation, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum, 28, 223 - 238. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2001">Hayashi 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E751A5F4CF1B0A6FAF3FDC6" blockId="7.[151,1438,152,775]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E751A5F4CF1B0A6FE9CFE68" bold="true" box="[198,362,450,476]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Life History.</emphasis>
|
||
Based on the field studies by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E751A5F4EC5B0A6FBE1FE68" box="[754,1047,450,476]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Kamimura, K., Nakane, T. & Koyama, N. (1964) Seasonal and altitudinal distribution of beetles in Mt. Jonen, the Japan Alps, with descriptions of new species, I (Studies on the insects of high mountains, III). Scientific Reports of the Kyoto Prefectural University (Natural Science, Living Science and Welfare Science), 15 (A), 17 - 38." type="journal article">
|
||
Kamimura
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E751A5F4F4BB0A6FC43FE6F" box="[892,949,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1964)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E751A5F486BB0A6FAFCFE68" author="Martin" box="[1116,1290,450,476]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Martin, S. (1989) Altitudinal distribution of burying beetles (Coleoptera, Silphidae) in the Southern Alps of Japan. Japanese Journal of Entomology, 57, 876 - 879." type="journal article" year="1989">Martin (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, a breeding observation (Ikeda, unpublished data), and previous predictions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E751A5F4FBBB08CFBCBFDB6" author="Kusakari" box="[908,1085,488,514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Kusakari, K. (1993) A preliminary study on Silpha longicornis Portevin. In: Yamaya, B. & Kusakari, K. (Eds.), Insects of Kita Honshu, II. Bunanoki Shuppan, Yamagata, pp. 9 - 17. [In Japanese]" type="book chapter" year="1993">Kusakari 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E751A5F487EB08CFB1EFDB6" author="Hosoda" box="[1097,1256,488,514]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Hosoda, H. (1999) Altitudinal and seasonal occurrences of Silpha longicornis Portevin (Insecta: Coleoptera: Silphidae) at Mt. Kurobi, central Japan. Natural History Bulletin of Ibaraki University, Mito, (3), 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="1999">Hosoda 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this species is thought to have a univoltine life cycle. It overwinters as an adult, and these adults are active from late spring and probably reproduce in early summer. Larvae appear from mid- to late summer and newly emerged adults occur in early autumn, so the pupal stage may occupy the interval from summer to early autumn.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E751A504CF1B319FBEAFF48" blockId="7.[151,1438,152,775]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,671]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Due to brachyptery and the absence of flight muscles, the principal microhabitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E751A5F4899B319FAA5FD22" box="[1198,1363,637,663]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E751A5F4899B319FB4BFD22" box="[1198,1213,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E751A5F48FAB319FAA5FD22" box="[1229,1363,637,662]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">longicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the ground surface (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E751A5F4D6FB3C6FDD0FD08" author="Ikeda" box="[344,550,674,700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Ikeda, H., Kubota K., Kagaya, T. & Abe, T. (2007) Flight capabilities and feeding habits of silphine beetles: are flightless species really " carrion beetles "? Ecological Research, 22, 237 - 241." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ikeda
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E751A5F4D93B3C6FE2EFD0F" box="[420,472,674,699]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E751A5F4E04B3C6FD85FD08" author="Ikeda" box="[563,627,674,700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" refString="Ikeda, H., Kagaya T., Kubota, K. & Abe, T. (2008) Evolutionary relationships among food habit, loss of flight, and reproductive traits: life-history evolution in the Silphinae (Coleoptera: Silphidae). Evolution, 62, 2065 - 2079." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). During the active season, adults and larvae can be collected easily using pitfall traps set in small glades and at edges of forests or mountain roads. However, adults were attracted to carrion traps bound to branches about
|
||
<quantity id="B550EDEB6E751A5F4EB5B389FD30FCB3" box="[642,710,749,775]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="m" value="1.5">1.5 m</quantity>
|
||
above the ground (Nishikawa, unpublished), indicating that adults are capable of climbing trees. From late autumn to late spring, hibernating adults are often found inside decaying trees and under stones. An aggregation of larvae of different sizes was found under a stone on the forest floor (Nishikawa, unpublished). This habit may be related to pupation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="26D710866E751A5F4CA0B64FFA86F87B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198721/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[439,1150,837,1797]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E751A5F4CA0B64FFA86F87B" blockId="7.[151,1437,1835,1999]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E751A5F4CA0B64FFEDFF8F7" bold="true" box="[151,297,1835,1859]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Geographic distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E751A5F4E6BB648FCAEF8F7" authority="Portevin" authorityName="Portevin" box="[604,856,1836,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E751A5F4E6BB648FD9FF8F7" box="[604,617,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E751A5F4E4FB648FD02F8F7" box="[632,756,1836,1859]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">longicornis</emphasis>
|
||
Portevin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the examined specimens (Appendix 1) and mountain ranges. Contour interval 1,000 feet. 1—Ôu Mountains; 2—Shirakami Mountains; 3—Kitakami Hills; 4— Dewa Mountains; 5—Echigo Mountains; 6—Ôsado Mountains; 7—Chikuma Mountains; 8—Kantô Mountains; 9— Misaka Mountains; 10—Tanzawa Mountains; 11—Fuji Volcanoes; 12—Hida Mountains; 13—Kiso Mountains; 14— Akaishi Mountains; 15—Hida Hills; 16—Ryohaku Mountains; 17—Kii Mountains. Fossil sites (▲) are also shown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7A1A504CF1B06CFB63FED3" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
This species was previously believed to feed on carrion and fungi, based on the observed attraction to carrion and predation marks on fungi (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E7A1A504E56B04EFD0BFEF0" author="Hirano" box="[609,765,298,324]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Hirano, Y. (1985) Silpha longicornis preys on a fungus. Kanagawa-Chuho, Kawasaki, (76), 43. [In Japanese]" type="journal article" year="1985">Hirano 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E7A1A504FBBB04EFB97FEF0" author="Ikeda" box="[908,1121,298,324]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Ikeda, H., Kubota K., Kagaya, T. & Abe, T. (2007) Flight capabilities and feeding habits of silphine beetles: are flightless species really " carrion beetles "? Ecological Research, 22, 237 - 241." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Ikeda
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7A1A504FE1B04EFBFCFEF7" box="[982,1034,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E7A1A504858B04EFB5AFEF0" author="Ikeda" box="[1135,1196,298,324]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Ikeda, H., Kagaya T., Kubota, K. & Abe, T. (2008) Evolutionary relationships among food habit, loss of flight, and reproductive traits: life-history evolution in the Silphinae (Coleoptera: Silphidae). Evolution, 62, 2065 - 2079." type="journal article" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) used stable isotope analysis to demonstrate that this species is carnivorous, feeding mainly on earthworms.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7A1A504CF1B00BFE1BFD2B" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7A1A504CF1B00BFD61FE3D" bold="true" box="[198,663,367,393]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Geographic variation in morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
Five morphological dimensions (BL, PW, PL, EW, and EL) were integrated into the first principal component axis (PC1) with the highest contribution to the total variance in PCA (89.9%). PC1 was positively correlated with all five body dimensions. Multiple regression analysis showed that PC1 was larger in females than males (df = 1,
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7A1A504F7BB0BCFCA8FE45" box="[844,862,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F</emphasis>
|
||
= 24.5,
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7A1A504FF7B0BCFC24FE45" box="[960,978,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001) and positively regressed with
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E7A1A504CA0B09EFF2EFDA0" box="[151,216,506,532]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">AMT</collectionCode>
|
||
(df = 1,
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7A1A504D77B09EFEA4FDA7" box="[320,338,506,531]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">F</emphasis>
|
||
= 63.8,
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7A1A504D83B09EFE30FDA7" box="[436,454,506,531]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001;
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA935C8B6E7A1A504E0FB09EFD78FDA0" box="[568,654,506,532]" captionStart="FIGURE 20" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1266,1290]" captionTargetBox="[401,1190,646,1233]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[391,1196,629,1245]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 20. Relationship between AMT and PC 1. Females are indicated by open circles and the dashed line, and males are indicated by solid circles and the solid line." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198723/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
|
||
, see
|
||
<tableCitation id="3F2A75B56E7A1A504EFFB09EFCE9FDA0" box="[712,799,506,532]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="9.[151,239,1394,1418]" captionText="TABLE 3. Latitude, longitude, and climatic data at each site." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
for climatic data at each site). Thus, larger body sizes are exhibited in warmer localities. This pattern follows the converse of Bergmann’s rule (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E7A1A504888B379FAC8FD83" author="Park" box="[1215,1342,541,567]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Park, O. (1949) Application of the converse Bergmann principle to the carabid beetle, Dicaelus purpuratus. Physiological Zoology, 22, 359 - 372." type="journal article" year="1949">Park 1949</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as has been recognized in some insect groups (
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7A1A504EB2B324FD64FDED" box="[645,658,576,601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">e</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7A1A504EACB324FD5CFDED" box="[667,682,576,601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E7A1A504EF5B324FC92FDEE" author="Masaki" box="[706,868,576,602]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Masaki, S. (1966) Geographic variation and adaptation in a field cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Evolution, 21, 725 - 741." type="journal article" year="1966">Masaki 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E7A1A504F45B324FBCEFDEE" author="Sota" box="[882,1080,576,602]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Sota, T., Takami, Y., Kubota, K. & Ishikawa, R. (2000) Geographic variation in the body size of some Japanese Leptocarabus species (Coleoptera, Carabidae): the " toppled-domino pattern " in species along a geographic cline. Entomological Science, 3, 309 - 320." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Sota
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7A1A504F86B324FC11FDED" box="[945,999,576,601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and could be caused by the decrease in the length of the season suitable for growth and activity with increasing latitude and altitude (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E7A1A504CA8B3E1FEC2FD2B" author="Sustek" box="[159,308,645,671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Sustek, Z. (1983) Silpha bilineata Reitter, 1901 and Silpha tatrica Smetana, 1952 - new synonyms of Silpha carinata Herbst, 1783, and some ecological aspects of its intraspecific variability. Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae, Bratislava, 153, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1983">Šustek 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E7A1A504D77B3E1FE16FD2B" author="Hosoda" box="[320,480,645,671]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refString="Hosoda, H. (1999) Altitudinal and seasonal occurrences of Silpha longicornis Portevin (Insecta: Coleoptera: Silphidae) at Mt. Kurobi, central Japan. Natural History Bulletin of Ibaraki University, Mito, (3), 5 - 8." type="journal article" year="1999">Hosoda 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="26D710866E7A1A504CA0B7A3FE40F8EB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198722/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[327,1263,739,1702]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7A1A504CA0B7A3FE40F8EB" blockId="8.[151,1436,1735,1887]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7A1A504CA0B7A3FEDFF96B" bold="true" box="[151,297,1735,1759]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Vertical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E7A1A504E18B7ACFCADF96B" authority="Portevin" authorityName="Portevin" box="[559,859,1736,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7A1A504E18B7ACFD01F96B" box="[559,759,1736,1759]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Silpha longicornis</emphasis>
|
||
Portevin
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the examined specimens (Appendix 1) and climatic vegetation zones. Solid line shows the maximum altitude along the transect. a—forest limit; b—border between evergreen coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved forests; c—hypothetical forest limit during the Last Glacial Maximum; d—hypothetical border between coniferous and broad-leaved forest during the Last Glacial Maximum. Modified from Nogami (2001: Fig. 4.2.1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7A1A514CF1B6ECFF27FE26" blockId="8.[151,1437,1928,2028]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,152,588]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Elytral color variation in this species also showed a cline along the geographic gradients of temperature (
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E7A1A504CA8B6C9FF10F873" box="[159,230,1965,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">AMT</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7A1A504CC3B6C9FEF0F872" box="[244,262,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.0001) and precipitation (
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E7A1A504E46B6C9FD4EF873" box="[625,696,1965,1991]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90v0-7gw3" name="Australian Mycological Panel" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">AMP</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7A1A504EF2B6C9FD21F872" box="[709,727,1965,1990]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.0001;
|
||
<tableCitation id="3F2A75B56E7A1A504F68B6C9FC48F873" box="[863,958,1965,1991]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,240,1543,1567]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,1766,1950]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 4. Effect of sex, AMT, AMP, and PC 1 on the proportions of dark individuals, individuals with punctate elytra, and individuals with rugose intervals based on multiple logistic regression analyses. Odds ratios were calculated as dark / light, punctate / smooth, or flat / rugose, respectively. If the results of regression analyses were significant and odds ratios were higher than 1, the proportion of dark forms, punctate forms, or flat forms increased with the indicated factor. P values were calculated from likelihood ratio tests. Significant values are shown in bold." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/26D710866E7F1A554CA0B763FBA0F92B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="26D710866E7F1A554CA0B763FBA0F92B">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
). Darker elytral color was exhibited in warmer and wetter localities, and lighter elytral color in colder and drier localities. This geographic pattern in color variation follows Gloger’s rule (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E7B1A514E6AB1FCFD0FFF06" author="Gloger" box="[605,761,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Gloger, C. L. (1883) Das Abandern der Vogel durch Einfluss des Klima's. A. Schulz, Breslau, xxix + 3 + 159 pp." type="book" year="1883">Gloger 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In other silphid beetles,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="16393DFF6E7B1A514818B1FCFB23FF06" author="Sustek" box="[1071,1237,152,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" refString="Sustek, Z. (1983) Silpha bilineata Reitter, 1901 and Silpha tatrica Smetana, 1952 - new synonyms of Silpha carinata Herbst, 1783, and some ecological aspects of its intraspecific variability. Annotationes Zoologicae et Botanicae, Bratislava, 153, 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1983">Šustek (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found that color variation in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E7B1A514D11B1D9FE51FF62" box="[294,423,189,215]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carinata">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7B1A514D11B1D9FEC2FF62" box="[294,308,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7B1A514D73B1D9FE51FF62" box="[324,423,189,214]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">carinata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was correlated with altitude and the accumulated temperature of a given locality, and concluded that color variation is influenced by climate. However, he did not examine the effect of humidity and did not refer to Gloger’s rule. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A83B8D6E7B1A514E4DB06CFCD8FE95" box="[634,814,264,289]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Silpha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7B1A514E4DB06CFCD8FE95" box="[634,814,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. longicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the localities dominated by dark specimens are widespread across the distributional range, whereas the localities dominated by light specimens are sporadic and restricted mostly to the mountainous areas of central Honshu (see Appendix 3 for the proportions at each site).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7B1A514CF1B0F9FF27FDF8" blockId="9.[151,1437,152,588]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Elytral microsculpture and punctation also varied along climatic gradients. The proportion of specimens showing punctate microsculpture increased significantly with increasing temperature (
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E7B1A5148AFB0A6FB2BFE68" box="[1176,1245,450,476]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">AMT</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7B1A5148DDB0A6FB0AFE6F" box="[1258,1276,450,475]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.001) and precipitation (
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E7B1A514D0DB08CFE89FDB6" box="[314,383,488,514]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90v0-7gw3" name="Australian Mycological Panel" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">AMP</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7B1A514DBDB08CFE6AFDB5" box="[394,412,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.0001), and it was higher among females than males (
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7B1A51480FB08CFBBCFDB5" box="[1080,1098,488,513]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">P</emphasis>
|
||
<0.0001). The smooth form was dominant in the mountainous areas of east–central Honshu (see Appendix 3 for the proportions at each site).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="26D710866E7B1A514CA0B596FD7BFA9D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/198723/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[401,1190,646,1233]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7B1A514CA0B596FD7BFA9D" blockId="9.[151,1436,1266,1321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7B1A514CA0B596FED0FABE" bold="true" box="[151,294,1266,1290]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 20.</emphasis>
|
||
Relationship between AMT and PC1. Females are indicated by open circles and the dashed line, and males are indicated by solid circles and the solid line.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="26D710866E7B1A514CA0B416FCD5FA3D" box="[151,803,1394,1418]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7B1A514CA0B416FCD5FA3D" blockId="9.[151,1427,1394,1980]" box="[151,803,1394,1418]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7B1A514CA0B416FEFEFA3E" bold="true" box="[151,264,1394,1418]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Latitude, longitude, and climatic data at each site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7B1A514CA8B4C0FA9FFA0F" blockId="9.[151,1427,1394,1980]" box="[159,1385,1444,1467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Locality Site No Latitude Longitude
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E7B1A5148A2B4C0FB26FA0F" box="[1173,1232,1444,1467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">AMT</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E7B1A514918B4C0FA9FFA0F" box="[1327,1385,1444,1467]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90v0-7gw3" name="Australian Mycological Panel" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">AMP</collectionCode>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7B1A514CA8B4ABFEB2FA53" blockId="9.[151,1427,1394,1980]" box="[159,324,1487,1511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7B1A514CA8B4ABFEB2FA53" bold="true" box="[159,324,1487,1511]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ôu Mountains</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7B1A514C92B49EFA92F9A5" blockId="9.[151,1427,1394,1980]" box="[165,1380,1530,1553]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Osorezan 1 41.2732 141.1040 5.4 1838</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7B1A514C92B740FA92F925" blockId="9.[151,1427,1394,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Hakkoda/Towada 1 40.5688 140.7245 7.5 1379 2 40.5213 140.7755 7.6 1639 3 40.3890 140.7927 6.9 1738</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7B1A514C92B7C0FA92F90F" blockId="9.[151,1427,1394,1980]" box="[165,1380,1700,1723]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Ninohe 1 40.0692 141.1050 5.8 1345</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7B1A514C92B7ABFA92F8A5" blockId="9.[151,1427,1394,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Iwatesan/Hachimantai 1 39.8368 141.0263 5.7 1912 2 39.8037 140.7925 5.7 2524</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7B1A514C92B640FA92F8D2" blockId="9.[151,1427,1394,1980]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Mahiru 1 39.0032 140.8408 8.4 2068 2 38.9737 140.7673 5.3 2290</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7B1A524C92B61EFA92FE83" blockId="9.[151,1427,1394,1980]" lastBlockId="10.[159,1427,159,2017]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
Zaô 1 38.4013 140.7077 7.7 1755
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7B1A51487BB6C1FA65F808" box="[1100,1427,1957,1980]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">......continued on the next page</emphasis>
|
||
Locality Site No Latitude Longitude
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E781A5248A2B1AEFB26FF55" box="[1173,1232,202,225]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">AMT</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E781A524918B1AEFA9FFF55" box="[1327,1385,202,225]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90v0-7gw3" name="Australian Mycological Panel" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">AMP</collectionCode>
|
||
2 38.2872 140.7858 11.0 1341 3 38.2363 140.4733 6.8 1375
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="26D710866E781A524CA8B1FBFE65FF03" box="[159,403,159,183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E781A524CA8B1FBFE65FF03" blockId="10.[159,1427,159,2017]" box="[159,403,159,183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E781A524CA8B1FBFEE6FF03" bold="true" box="[159,272,159,183]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
(continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E781A524C92B02EFA92FDD5" blockId="10.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Bandai 1 37.8372 140.3372 9.8 1437 2 37.7760 140.2213 6.9 1832 3 37.7732 140.1185 6.4 1762 4 37.7515 140.1412 1.5 1863 5 37.6588 140.2673 5.2 1986 6 37.6193 140.2860 3.7 1891 7 37.3918 140.1863 7.8 1458</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E781A524C92B311FA92FD03" blockId="10.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Nasu 1 37.1208 139.9687 3.5 1768 2 37.1060 139.9228 6.1 1680</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E781A524CA8B3AEFA92FCB8" blockId="10.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E781A524CA8B3AEFE6EFD56" bold="true" box="[159,408,714,738]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Shirakami Mountains</emphasis>
|
||
1 40.6522 140.2918 2.7 1692 2 39.7245 140.3233 9.4 2346
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E781A524CA8B27BFA92FB83" blockId="10.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E781A524CA8B27BFEB1FC83" bold="true" box="[159,327,799,823]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Kitakami Hills</emphasis>
|
||
1 39.8425 141.5057 5.3 1267 2 39.7025 141.7708 5.7 1331 3 39.6583 141.7595 8.3 1247 4 39.5672 141.3520 6.4 1337 5 39.5548 141.4865 1.4 1636 6 39.5338 141.4080 7.3 1443 7 39.1743 141.3917 7.2 1336
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E781A524CA8B52EFE96FBD6" blockId="10.[159,1427,159,2017]" box="[159,352,1098,1122]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E781A524CA8B52EFE96FBD6" bold="true" box="[159,352,1098,1122]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Dewa Mountains</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E781A524C92B511FA92FB03" blockId="10.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Taihei 1 39.8030 140.2598 8.8 2508 2 39.8000 140.2702 8.3 2533</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E781A524C92B5AEFA92FAB8" blockId="10.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Hinotodake 1 39.1058 139.9667 8.1 3070 2 39.0878 139.9005 11.5 2653</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E781A524CA8B47BFE99FA83" blockId="10.[159,1427,159,2017]" box="[159,367,1311,1335]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E781A524CA8B47BFE99FA83" bold="true" box="[159,367,1311,1335]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Echigo Mountains</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E781A524C92B42EFA92FA38" blockId="10.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Asahi 1 38.2563 139.9200 2.7 2863 2 38.1750 139.9762 4.9 2582</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E781A524C92B4C4FA92F983" blockId="10.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Iide 1 37.9220 139.6022 5.0 3034 2 37.8893 139.6238 2.3 3235 3 37.8882 139.6005 4.4 3177 4 37.8413 139.6753 1.2 2989</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E781A534C92B72EFA92FED5" blockId="10.[159,1427,159,2017]" lastBlockId="11.[159,1427,159,2017]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Mikuni 1 36.9845 139.3425 5.5 1479 2 36.9228 139.3095 2.9 1612 3 36.8873 139.1930 3.3 1715 4 36.8702 138.7682 8.5 2036 5 36.8175 138.9432 5.8 1722 6 36.8063 139.1848 5.3 1381 7 36.7550 138.8238 7.5 1819 8 36.7518 138.8248 7.5 1819 9 36.6877 138.7710 9.4 1592
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E781A52487BB6AEFA65F855" box="[1100,1427,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">......continued on the next page</emphasis>
|
||
Locality Site No Latitude Longitude
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E791A5348A2B1AEFB26FF55" box="[1173,1232,202,225]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">AMT</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E791A534918B1AEFA9FFF55" box="[1327,1385,202,225]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90v0-7gw3" name="Australian Mycological Panel" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">AMP</collectionCode>
|
||
10 36.5362 139.1755 5.3 1647 11 36.4035 138.6677 7.4 1537 12 35.4030 138.9093 8.2 2214
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="26D710866E791A534CA8B1FBFE65FF03" box="[159,403,159,183]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E791A534CA8B1FBFE65FF03" blockId="11.[159,1427,159,2017]" box="[159,403,159,183]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E791A534CA8B1FBFEE6FF03" bold="true" box="[159,272,159,183]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
(continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E791A534C92B011FA92FC55" blockId="11.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Taishaku 1 37.0062 139.4363 4.6 1510 2 36.9732 139.8693 8.8 1802 3 36.9687 139.7512 7.3 1453 4 36.9528 139.7578 7.4 1561 5 36.9173 139.7380 5.9 1661 6 36.8667 139.3875 4.2 1560 7 36.8393 139.3592 2.2 1582 8 36.8338 139.3415 3.6 1578 9 36.8228 139.3672 2.8 1622 10 36.8205 139.4342 3.1 1782 11 36.8182 139.3903 1.7 1620 12 36.8097 139.4515 3.2 1790 13 36.8067 139.4042 3.0 1663 14 36.7840 139.5008 3.5 2026 15 36.7382 139.4890 6.5 2056</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E791A534C92B291FA92FB83" blockId="11.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Shirane/Shiga 1 36.6838 138.4905 3.5 1641 2 36.6760 138.4860 3.5 1641</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E791A534C92B52EFA92FA83" blockId="11.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Asama 1 36.6058 138.6380 9.1 1716 2 36.4407 138.4175 4.5 1296 3 36.4400 138.4178 4.5 1279 4 36.4023 138.5685 5.6 1537 5 36.3870 138.6087 7.4 1461 6 36.3857 138.6042 7.1 1493</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E791A534CA8B42EFA92FA55" blockId="11.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E791A534CA8B42EFE9FFAD6" bold="true" box="[159,361,1354,1378]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ôsado Mountains</emphasis>
|
||
1 38.1370 138.3872 8.5 2295 2 38.1035 138.3543 7.8 2220 3 38.1022 138.3432 7.8 2220 4 38.0753 138.3263 8.5 2026
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E791A534CA8B490FE7DF9B8" blockId="11.[159,1427,159,2017]" box="[159,395,1524,1548]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E791A534CA8B490FE7DF9B8" bold="true" box="[159,395,1524,1548]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chikuma Mountains</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E791A534C92B744FA92F903" blockId="11.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Chikuma 1 36.9043 138.1422 7.0 2325 2 36.9037 138.1675 8.6 2308 3 36.8752 138.0528 5.6 2303 4 36.8670 138.0198 5.1 2247</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E791A544C92B7AEFA92FDB8" blockId="11.[159,1427,159,2017]" lastBlockId="12.[159,1427,159,2017]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
Yatsu-ga-take 1 36.2577 138.0853 5.3 1310 2 36.2203 138.1097 3.4 1368 3 36.1365 138.0373 5.9 1346 4 36.1192 138.2877 3.8 1460 5 36.1075 138.3182 2.6 1490 6 36.0553 138.3410 2.4 1576
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E791A53487BB6AEFA65F855" box="[1100,1427,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">......continued on the next page</emphasis>
|
||
Locality Site No Latitude Longitude
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E7E1A5448A2B1AEFB26FF55" box="[1173,1232,202,225]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">AMT</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E7E1A544918B1AEFA9FFF55" box="[1327,1385,202,225]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90v0-7gw3" name="Australian Mycological Panel" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">AMP</collectionCode>
|
||
7 36.0537 138.3220 2.9 1586 8 36.0500 138.3082 4.3 1581 9 36.0390 138.3927 6.0 1541 10 36.0350 138.3238 3.6 1576 11 36.0333 138.3060 4.6 1554 12 36.0095 137.2187 7.3 2340 13 35.9755 138.3232 4.7 1550
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="26D710866E7E1A544CA8B1FBFE65FF03" box="[159,403,159,183]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7E1A544CA8B1FBFE65FF03" blockId="12.[159,1427,159,2017]" box="[159,403,159,183]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7E1A544CA8B1FBFEE6FF03" bold="true" box="[159,272,159,183]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
(continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7E1A544CA8B37BFA92FB38" blockId="12.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7E1A544CA8B37BFE9EFD83" bold="true" box="[159,360,543,567]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Kantô Mountains</emphasis>
|
||
1 36.1018 138.6368 6.5 1183 2 36.0333 138.6043 3.5 1457 3 36.0197 138.5843 6.5 1444 4 35.9022 138.9518 7.3 1559 5 35.8858 138.9503 5.9 1612 6 35.8758 138.6023 3.4 1440 7 35.8705 138.6577 1.5 1517 8 35.8587 138.9872 5.6 1621 9 35.8578 138.9403 5.8 1648 10 35.8365 138.6407 5.0 1396 11 35.8247 138.5595 6.0 1208 12 35.8002 138.5740 9.2 1189 13 35.7930 138.6503 6.8 1248 14 35.7722 138.8015 6.5 1472 15 35.7257 138.8260 6.9 1492
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7E1A544CA8B5FBFA92FB03" blockId="12.[159,1427,159,2017]" box="[159,1380,1183,1207]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7E1A544CA8B5FBFE83FB03" bold="true" box="[159,373,1183,1207]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Misaka Mountains</emphasis>
|
||
1 35.5428 138.8055 5.8 1618
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7E1A544CA8B5AEFA92FAD5" blockId="12.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7E1A544CA8B5AEFE70FB56" bold="true" box="[159,390,1226,1250]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tanzawa Mountains</emphasis>
|
||
1 35.5065 139.0677 7.1 1907 2 35.4763 139.1722 8.9 2122 3 35.4740 139.1017 7.1 2093 4 35.4712 139.1575 6.8 2072
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7E1A544CA8B410FA92F938" blockId="12.[159,1427,159,2017]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7E1A544CA8B410FEB0FA38" bold="true" box="[159,326,1396,1420]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Fuji Volcanoes</emphasis>
|
||
1 35.8900 138.1725 4.5 1460 2 35.4075 138.8875 8.8 2213 3 35.3883 138.8583 8.3 2360 4 35.3593 138.8013 6.9 2879 5 35.3208 138.7925 7.8 2943 6 35.2537 138.7847 9.8 2923 7 35.2428 138.8507 11.8 2992
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7E1A554CA8B7FBFA92FCB8" blockId="12.[159,1427,159,2017]" lastBlockId="13.[159,1385,159,1420]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7E1A544CA8B7FBFEAFF903" bold="true" box="[159,345,1695,1719]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Hida Mountains</emphasis>
|
||
1 36.5547 137.6533 4.4 2652 2 36.4013 137.7382 4.3 2179 3 36.2582 137.6870 4.7 2582 4 36.2413 137.6222 4.8 2784 5 36.1898 137.5835 4.0 2445 6 36.1858 137.7747 8.9 2103 7 36.1833 137.7765 8.9 2103
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7E1A54487BB6AEFA65F855" box="[1100,1427,1994,2017]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">......continued on the next page</emphasis>
|
||
Locality Site No Latitude Longitude
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E7F1A5548A2B1AEFB26FF55" box="[1173,1232,202,225]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">AMT</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="14B9D8CB6E7F1A554918B1AEFA9FFF55" box="[1327,1385,202,225]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/90v0-7gw3" name="Australian Mycological Panel" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">AMP</collectionCode>
|
||
8 35.9093 137.5415 6.2 2805 9 35.8667 137.5175 3.6 3356 10 35.8577 137.5253 4.4 3232
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7F1A554CA8B010FEA2FE38" bold="true" box="[159,340,372,396]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kiso Mountains</emphasis>
|
||
1 35.7717 137.8193 0.6 2992 2 35.7695 137.8222 3.2 2942 3 35.4698 137.6258 5.9 2565
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7F1A554CA8B090FE8EFDB8" bold="true" box="[159,376,500,524]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Akaishi Mountains</emphasis>
|
||
1 35.6837 138.3748 6.5 1573 2 35.4337 138.0237 4.6 1967 3 35.3172 138.3545 7.4 3034 4 35.1243 138.0388 7.9 2838
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7F1A554CA8B3FBFE71FD03" bold="true" box="[159,391,671,695]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ryohaku Mountains</emphasis>
|
||
1 36.1405 136.7258 3.6 3512 2 35.8248 136.4853 8.1 2817 3 35.7745 136.4055 8.1 2669
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="26D710866E7F1A554CA8B1FBFE65FF03" box="[159,403,159,183]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7F1A554CA8B1FBFE65FF03" blockId="13.[159,1385,159,1420]" box="[159,403,159,183]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7F1A554CA8B1FBFEE6FF03" bold="true" box="[159,272,159,183]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
(continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7F1A554CA8B27BFEB2FC83" blockId="13.[159,1385,159,1420]" box="[159,324,799,823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="40DC9C1C6E7F1A554CA8B27BFEB2FC83" bold="true" box="[159,324,799,823]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Kii Mountains</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7217400E6E7F1A554C92B22EFB83F960" blockId="13.[159,1385,159,1420]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,1543,1748]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Daikô 1 34.3598 136.0875 7.1 2484 2 34.3570 136.0598 8.0 2376 Ômine 1 34.2545 135.9377 6.1 2269 2 34.2515 135.9378 6.0 2371 3 34.2513 135.9172 7.1 2238 4 34.2430 135.9183 7.1 2238 5 34.2378 135.8540 11.1 1982 6 34.2342 135.8552 10.4 2028 7 34.1745 135.9055 4.8 2758 8 34.1745 135.9050 4.8 2758 9 34.1745 135.9045 4.8 2758 10 34.1742 135.9238 6.8 2785 Hôriki-tôge 1 34.2548 135.9037 7.8 2142 Mt. Shaka-ga-take 1 34.0932 135.8833 7.4 2840 Dark Punctate Flat</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |