treatments-xml/data/F8/CB/A5/F8CBA579086451ACBF102571452C9C66.xml

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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce2a2763-3c4d-4be7-b56d-7a8c7e27608b" ID-PMC="PMC7297811" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-939-87" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" ID-PubMed="32577083" ID-ZooBank="B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33" ModsDocID="1313-2970-939-87" checkinTime="1591794867056" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gosik, Rafal, Skuhrovec, Jiri, Caldara, Roberto &amp; Tosevski, Ivo" docDate="2020" docId="F8CBA579086451ACBF102571452C9C66" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 939: 87-165" docOrigin="ZooKeys 939" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" docTitle="Mecinus Germar 1821" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" masterDocTitle="Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1732487594982" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5B3E2E4EBF5015F6C65B461615F02E36">Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2F213627D3162C875A248D9A0594D5C0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="DE767BF6A11EA408C931E06DCE52D9FF">Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="471696AE9F029DC44E995190968A8801">Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A735CAD419E1B593AD5F110A69CC5638">Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="BA24B4820FA1F94FF098C9C2C96AE843">Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E43951AF1305F17C94C1A03C5143F5E9" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="DDB2AB2B377DA064F41FC2F08D7C8AE8" type="email">jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="FD0369D937B59CC8ECC92D878B64685D">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="831D7E7D26B2B1FCA3340713E35CE962">Center of Alpine Entomology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5E15C428A9B2C7C0AA709E72C32BC5C4">Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="052E572FD95A26D251B5A85E73CDFA4B">CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland &amp; Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080, Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="92204466F356DE05AE220C0124282B11">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0927788CDA1DD79991512D498F5FD4B8">939</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A05D60A53446DC859C57C7091A0DC3F8">87</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="AD48DBFC8C46D2556579E5F1247DCE7C">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="FEDD1E43833C60EF50BC48A8E68DD30C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F61E017E370B50244F6F2857ECB93461" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FEED1C101AF99A9E2707D850583D68A2" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-939-87</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F8CBA579086451ACBF102571452C9C66" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164500613" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F8CBA579086451ACBF102571452C9C66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F8CBA579086451ACBF102571452C9C66" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" scope_family="Curculionidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
<subSubSection id="F0F9461AD1CE29BA16960D976CE8FD5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="246DBE2C37364C89F9B9C9328B54A17F" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="C03AEAE075DF05F7B4E06F9BD15EF5B3" ID-CoL="8HJQT" LSID="F8CBA579-0864-51AC-BF10-2571452C9C66" authority="Germar, 1821" authorityName="Germar" authorityYear="1821" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mecinus Germar, 1821</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7965D164F9672BCBEA8CC0B781483E59" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="FCA2EF75084EDF2C7455C04B7FA52E8B" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of the mature larva</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DEFE4771A294F684F4E7981F0A2561C4" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="47FF77C93F7B3AF0DA1D4078660B1B45" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
(L3).
<emphasis id="DF3D5355B9FA902E9E07CAC377008B8E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
</emphasis>
(in mm). Body length: 1.66-4.75. Body width (metathorax or abdominal segments I-II) 0.37-1.25. Head width: 0.30-0.66.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7546759A958AE008CE79F43A76B9C5C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="9DE2D1D128708B5DCEA0F93D796D7E2D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
distinctly white to yellow. Body curved, slender, rounded in cross section. Setae on body thin, in different colouration, distinctly different in length; piliform, integument often with some asperities. Prothorax slightly smaller than meso- and metathorax. Spiracle placed between the pro- and mesothorax (see e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="4EB87024A8F3D6D6ABBE1C8417F65E60" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4108.1.1" author="Gosik, R" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 67" refId="B21" refString="Gosik, R, Sprick, P, Skuhrovec, J, Derus, M, Hommes, M, 2016. Morphology and identification of the mature larvae of several species of the genus Otiorhynchus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) from Central Europe with an update of life history traits. Zootaxa 4108: 1 - 67, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4108.1.1" title="Morphology and identification of the mature larvae of several species of the genus Otiorhynchus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae) from Central Europe with an update of life history traits." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4108.1.1" volume="4108" year="2016">Gosik et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Abdominal segments I-III(VI) of almost equal length, next abdominal segments decreasing gradually to the terminal parts of the body. Abdominal segment X reduced to three or four anal lobes of unequal size. Anus located terminally. Thoracic spiracles uni- or bicameral, eight abdominal spiracles unicameral, all spiracles functional, close to anterior margin of segment. Prothorax with eight to eleven
<emphasis id="07EACE8C659EEB323CBDB57F09A8BE3A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
; two
<emphasis id="1184A60D69236F3966AC4A5E6CFEAD8F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
; and one
<emphasis id="21E4249E6BA1EFCEF7A3EAAC45D71B0D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Mesothorax with one
<emphasis id="EC5C786508C81D6D2D96B7A730F1E82D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
, two or three
<emphasis id="53EBFE7ED9C9DCDAC0862E8B4AC48945" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
; one or two
<emphasis id="45615148C15CD6B3ADBA156368B2ACFF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
; three
<emphasis id="BDE0D688BE7181D4752E3434526299B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
; one
<emphasis id="7CD77AD5BE939374D84AA5B3D152925C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
; one
<emphasis id="E2CBBD025525575C0F9313CA5CF95FBB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
; and one
<emphasis id="88AC0986F0ECB1BFDAEEA591E2070E6A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Chaetotaxy of metathorax almost identical to that of mesothorax. Each pedal area of thoracic segments well separated, with three to six
<emphasis id="2D74AB1D2598736EC693BD8EA3990CB7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda.</emphasis>
Abdominal segments I-VIII with one
<emphasis id="B25A4313E34338837CE8E8647D691740" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
; three or four
<emphasis id="FFD5D103021440CD03C58537DE5CCE27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
; two or three
<emphasis id="D831CEEF5C6E907251E1C26EAAF26006" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
; two long
<emphasis id="CE7ACC01CE782EADBF7982A9D76C7310" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
; one
<emphasis id="D3023D5AD5D1879E73569F02F1C45807" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
; one
<emphasis id="08BDF1BD38B5CD8113D7C4F903C19DF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
; and two
<emphasis id="E135B2011002B4CCB1A7DF9C2DB250B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Abdominal segment IX with two to four
<emphasis id="CEE81D88CBCB0E0A182594CC1AB48818" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
; one or two
<emphasis id="3837BF3B4E6C8F756DD2E0BEF7876FA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
; and two
<emphasis id="B741ACBC06559796552C4300E5489B83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts.</emphasis>
Abdominal segment X without or with up to two minute
<emphasis id="1D5ABECF02F7D1828CCC41B0F99F5172" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ts</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="22F097325D8F6A6F63C340B3BE3F681E" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="270D3558F2B2F7B53579CC08C9B682B3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Head capsule</emphasis>
yellow to pale brown, rounded or flattened laterally, endocarinal line distinct, half or more than half the length of frons. Frontal sutures extended to antennae. One or two stemmata (st), anterior stemma in the form of a pigmented spot with convex cornea. Dorsum of the epicranium with five setae;
<emphasis id="877F0D381C84F5CA4A59980F210133BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
located in the central part of epicranium,
<emphasis id="3421611F19FC763D4FA149A5BCE6D217" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des2</emphasis>
lateral,
<emphasis id="81A7B61EEADE734ECFC24AEF8B8DCC6F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des3</emphasis>
located anteriorly on epicranium close to frontal suture,
<emphasis id="4124DE08395D3198A3CF370BD03310D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des4</emphasis>
often medially,
<emphasis id="69A6762379742623AFD58BC5E7DC44FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des5</emphasis>
located anterolaterally. Frons with three to five
<emphasis id="C98F36907777655BAB74B991B29D8648" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="D19B797CF7FA1FBF8D050C754FCF688F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs1</emphasis>
sometimes absent,
<emphasis id="90EFFAB6D449BC9382DA8035D9843E0E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs2</emphasis>
absent except one exception;
<emphasis id="C3D06DB972DD221D944AC36243C866F5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs4</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="A8EC8D5E3780623DBA9AC628C48641EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs5</emphasis>
subequal. Head with two
<emphasis id="2B50B5A28B1151607FFB32ED311B5A38" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">les</emphasis>
, one or two
<emphasis id="D170ED5767208524F922181F8EF49B48" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
, and one to five
<emphasis id="CBE2829EE5CFD72A3C42DBD2ACBDA529" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes. Antennae</emphasis>
located at the end of the frontal suture on each side, membranous and distinctly convex basal article bearing three or four sensilla and a conical sensorium, the later elongated, narrow.
<emphasis id="70B1027032A9CFF14E5E4AF5FA01D7ED" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Clypeus</emphasis>
trapezium-shaped, with one or two
<emphasis id="E4219B9EFBC64A760A8EA09DA8BAD78A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls</emphasis>
, and one sensillum (
<emphasis id="068B022A3C050060DECAD637BEEAC745" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
); all very close to margin with frons. Labrum with three
<emphasis id="2B3E8B3E058159242935587786C0E66F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lms</emphasis>
; anterior margin bisinuated;
<emphasis id="470A5794099A6C87C9D581A4E573A44E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs1</emphasis>
placed posteromedially,
<emphasis id="2D4F8E6332F7CFBCA13327E492C86AD7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs2</emphasis>
anteromedially,
<emphasis id="791D41A7B59C7348D3797AC42D856089" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs3</emphasis>
posterolaterally. Epipharynx with three finger-like
<emphasis id="1AFAEC411E8F4C312B04583F85DBA99C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
; with two or three
<emphasis id="C471697F25EF359003A53641DDDF1C58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
; and one or two
<emphasis id="ACC5FAA2B2BD4EBB4E188722105D6762" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
; labral rods (lr) distinct, kidney-shaped. Mandibles distinctly broad, bifid, teeth of unequal height; slightly truncate; both setae piliform. Maxilla stipes with one
<emphasis id="74790C8573C099A4E96C3098869BDC37" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
, two
<emphasis id="3F79F476AD3CC428C6614604A5DC6B39" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
and one short to minute
<emphasis id="7820C8E45F6AD6630701B83DE5B7E1FA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
; mala with six or seven finger-like
<emphasis id="0F67CF74B5DEF75292F31621109627AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
; four or five
<emphasis id="78E7B799C45E983F674BCA9447E706F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
; all
<emphasis id="1398FDD1F1CA1ED93ED67DC245D60F58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
distinctly shorter than
<emphasis id="2A5E6110160E94E90E2860BEFEA93C29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms.</emphasis>
Maxillary palpi with two palpomeres; basal palpomere with one short
<emphasis id="39D749093C53FC0434F033D5340159C7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mxps</emphasis>
and two sensilla; distal palpomere with one sensillum and a group of microcuticular apical processes. Prelabium various in shape, with one
<emphasis id="B30359572EDCA2B2344BC939C49E9545" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
; ligula with sinuate margin and two or three
<emphasis id="04A632BC6E443FDF301F9ED283763E00" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
; premental sclerite well sclerotised but without anterior and posterior extensions, U-shaped or cup-like. Labial palpi with one or two palpomeres; each of the palpomeres with one sensillum, distal palpomere with cuticular apical processes. Postlabium with three
<emphasis id="4F8E90E9FA0DA89E7FC4EB56292883C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms</emphasis>
:
<emphasis id="CC1788A05CB6AB85186F2400832CE75A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms1</emphasis>
usually the shortest, placed anteromedially or anterolaterally,
<emphasis id="9194A708C1C3FC2EAA2D91815C4726D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms2</emphasis>
the longest, placed laterally, and
<emphasis id="2282188B786E20A7DE730404BA14A9D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms3</emphasis>
short or medium, placed posterolaterally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DA97CAAB29F601DC4571175EF3C1D574" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="1E2AB18636B5174025C9C1C8D63E3AEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of pupa.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F476F70621772549904618B882884713" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="88BCDEFFACBD2D7ECFBD50B7F2C6F3CE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm). Head width: 0.28-0.75. Body width: 0.90-2.15. Body length: 1.20-5.00.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="35B80B0A0685C6E4B711874E6D816209" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="7479E7F9D7E5B6C7BF7A855617FAEA62" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
stout or elongate; normally white, but sometimes yellowish; cuticle smooth. Rostrum various in length, from two to five times as long as wide. Antennae short or elongate. Pronotum 1.1-2.2 times as wide as long. Meso- and metanotum often equal in length. Abdominal segments I-(IV)VII of equal length; segment VIII almost semicircle, segment IX distinctly reduced. Spiracles on abdominal segments placed dorsolaterally; on segments I-V functional, on segment VI atrophied on next ones invisible. Urogomphi (ur) short or elongate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C39E86D74BD6097368219F0EBCD1336F" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="34ADA77BD952F8EE0ED66A4E3AF98C53" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
often well developed, but sometimes almost invisible. Head capsule without or with one
<emphasis id="5CD960AF3FA4841C72177A992ADBEE3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vs</emphasis>
, without or with up to two
<emphasis id="C35F71E6C08F2C74EF981E6D96BBE368" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sos</emphasis>
, without or with up to two
<emphasis id="C0DE102062B4F02F57E30DB65CF467CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
. Rostrum without or with up to two
<emphasis id="2A2DFF29918ACA962BB516A67F84F4CF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
, and without or with one
<emphasis id="0C8D60B99105602AD8EF2548BFBE1EFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pas</emphasis>
. Pronotum without or with up to two
<emphasis id="8044BA9E4A1A87E22C0C3C57DD4573AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
, without or with one
<emphasis id="E4A97636731DCE5BAE07C83E499CD9ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
, one or two
<emphasis id="1334B3367F941E6B74758BD1C0EF90D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sls</emphasis>
, without or with up to two
<emphasis id="6987CCF7FF05E1EA1FD6FFAEF8DB40BC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
, and two to four
<emphasis id="E477DEC496D4BCC582637E481E4117B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls.</emphasis>
Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with two or three setae. Apex of femora normally with one short
<emphasis id="E898E8E28F507B92AFCE00062B8A95D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fes.</emphasis>
Abdominal segments I-VIII without or with up to two setae laterally and without or with up to three setae ventrally. Dorsal parts of abdominal segments I-VII with three to seven setae; abdominal segment VIII with three to six setae dorsally. Abdominal segment IX without or with up to four micro-setae ventrally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>