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<document id="6473157C87646FB35DC9F613228A9985" ID-DOI="10.2478/aemnp-2018-0011" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e42a0566-4e05-409f-9a50-e9d1756b1683" ID-ISSN="1804-6487" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3676707" ID-ZooBank="5D64E6E7-2F4C-4B40-821F-CBF20E864D7D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1582203405218" checkinUser="tatiana" docAuthor="Veenakumari, Kamalanathan, Buhl, Peter Neerup &amp; Mohanraj, Prashanth" docDate="2018" docId="F87E8798FF80D53A078E83A7FB51FE17" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaEntMusNatPra.58.1.137-141.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85.8:ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="BA2C5C8540539042E893A65A182CEA85" docStyleName="ActaEntMusNatPra.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Synopeas pauropsyllae Veenakumari &amp; Buhl &amp; Mohanraj 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="140" masterDocId="0447FFE0FF81D5390711867AFF91FFC2" masterDocTitle="A new species of Synopeas (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) parasitizing Pauropsylla cf. depressa (Psylloidea: Triozidae) in India" masterLastPageNumber="141" masterPageNumber="137" pageNumber="138" updateTime="1698720404171" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
<mods:mods id="4C04E3C620B35FD4C0DA2D55DF7C0946" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="197DF18745B8F6812FC6319D6819A924">
<mods:title id="DA36CA9F362D4EEFE718F913181EEB00">A new species of Synopeas (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) parasitizing Pauropsylla cf. depressa (Psylloidea: Triozidae) in India</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="31B404C8AACB8552474B29B648576CA3" type="personal">
<mods:role id="204CB9EA6CC86D88FFD3A17501F24A33">
<mods:roleTerm id="132BE238409BDE48DC77A907C05958C2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="71764979F8E63FF5B94EA0EC67F57929">Veenakumari, Kamalanathan</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="E569251AA35B0297A0ECA66749732BE1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D3A5A2EB46F5DA9D3F84E470A2644E98">
<mods:roleTerm id="CE0822B497E92868A50C02D58D557491">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="52CC2EEF5B13BAC1C7A86C24BCAE9B36">Buhl, Peter Neerup</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D3C7B365EFDC30C256F3F109AD06145C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D50562729CC49BC637DAA62834B36008">
<mods:roleTerm id="ED13B428C822A6747028B7BE77B657E0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="94B96CAC3BBA71FD6007548150627E78">Mohanraj, Prashanth</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="FF01216CEF368F08E6F7BF892E567D28">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="A5B3C7159AB4F3FE790C0F35469DDB32" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="D1BFEC637FE396B038871D66B115C145">
<mods:title id="2A28E83A6D6F5B74DEFBB37DB8792CBF">Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="3F75EBA1FDA76044A0A50AE233A24E2E">
<mods:date id="1CB69A7B76AF467C3BA5512437D5EEED">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="229F88337F9D023B143EFCE2D54DA1EB" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="D454B7A71353E284964C6708D83C33F1">2018-05-29</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="C8D60808B701F9AA13914A20B9F947F5" type="volume">
<mods:number id="A7394A7FFF89C9A6FD8F7FBC07234C52">58</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="EF1096CADE4C1C49A90F923680DCFDEA" type="issue">
<mods:number id="51B45722030B3B93C0877F4F28747E99">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="05FACB5071779AFC6C1B333DB47647C5">137</mods:start>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="49E657A1ABBA587F0184F57AD3FFDD7D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="F7CA37A367DD54AF709A77DBEA4A58F5" type="DOI">10.2478/aemnp-2018-0011</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="07AF32930F8BB4161B0B73A7B804EB0F" type="GBIF-Dataset">e42a0566-4e05-409f-9a50-e9d1756b1683</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6501585424AB3D431805E93F5C244FCB" type="ISSN">1804-6487</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7694068201FEFE10F3F3EB6E2971C22C" type="Zenodo-Dep">3676707</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="91E1DAAC2EE16EB30B681BD4312C20C3" type="ZooBank">5D64E6E7-2F4C-4B40-821F-CBF20E864D7D</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="F87E8798FF80D53A078E83A7FB51FE17" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681373" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162233691" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681373" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F87E8798FF80D53A078E83A7FB51FE17" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F87E8798FF80D53A078E83A7FB51FE17" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
<paragraph id="7068368EFF80D538078E83A7FE62F9CD" blockId="1.[159,752,1501,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
<subSubSection id="38CD6505FF80D538078E83A7FD61FA37" box="[159,752,1501,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="nomenclature">
<heading id="2B2081E2FF80D538078E83A7FD61FA37" box="[159,752,1501,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538078E83A7FD61FA37" bold="true" box="[159,752,1501,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
<taxonomicName id="B7D74D0DFF80D538078E83A7FD05FA37" authority="Veenakumari &amp; Buhl" authorityName="Veenakumari &amp; Buhl &amp; Mohanraj" authorityYear="2018" box="[159,660,1501,1525]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauropsyllae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538078E83A7FE0BFA37" bold="true" box="[159,410,1501,1525]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Synopeas pauropsyllae</emphasis>
Veenakumari &amp; Buhl
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="599057E7FF80D538058B83A4FD61FA37" box="[666,752,1502,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38CD6505FF80D538068A8386FE62F9CD" box="[411,499,1532,1551]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="description">
(
<figureCitation id="E8EC2A0BFF80D53806B08386FE7CF9CD" box="[417,493,1532,1551]" captionStart-0="Figs 1–5" captionStart-1="Figs 6–8" captionStartId-0="2.[151,188,2019,2038]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,188,1161,1180]" captionTargetBox-0="[154,1436,190,1896]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1434,510,1147]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,190,1896]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[151,1436,507,1151]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionText-0="Figs 1–5. Synopeas pauropsyllae sp. nov. 1 – habitus, dorsal view; 2 – head and mesoscutum; 3 – mesoscutum, lateral view; 4 – frons; 5 – frons and female antenna." captionText-1="Figs 6–8. Synopeas pauropsyllae sp. nov. 6 – propodeum and metasoma; 7 – male antenna; 8 – metanotum and propodeum, lateral view." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676709" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676711" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3676709/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3676711/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Figs 1–8</figureCitation>
)
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="38CD6505FF80D5380786805CFEC7F961" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7068368EFF80D5380786805CFEC7F961" blockId="1.[151,760,1570,1699]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D5380786805CFEDFF9FB" bold="true" box="[151,334,1574,1593]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="C0BF3CD3FF80D5380644805CFE0EF9AC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569653231" collectingDate="2011-12-02" collectionCode="NBAIR, ICAR" country="India" elevation="906" latitude="13.035556" location="Hebbal" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="77.59695" municipality="Bengaluru" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" specimenCode="P1920" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Karnataka" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="AF6C882CFF80D5380644805CFE3BF9F5" box="[341,426,1574,1593]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="66D1FD07FF80D53806A98058FE59F9FB" box="[440,456,1570,1593]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
,
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D53806C4805CFD01F9FB" bold="true" box="[469,656,1574,1593]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
<collectingCountry id="08C0761EFF80D53806C4805CFD89F9FB" box="[469,536,1574,1593]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">INDIA</collectingCountry>
:
<collectingRegion id="B213F86CFF80D5380535805CFD18F9F5" box="[548,649,1574,1593]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">KARNATAKA</collectingRegion>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingMunicipality id="900CACF4FF80D5380589805CFD65F9FB" box="[664,756,1574,1593]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Bengaluru</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="75086055FF80D5380786803AFF46F991" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F87E8798FF80D53A078E83A7FB51FE17:75086055FF80D5380786803AFF46F991" box="[151,215,1600,1619]" country="India" latitude="13.035556" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="77.59695" municipality="Bengaluru" name="Hebbal" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" stateProvince="Karnataka">Hebbal</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="15E35049FF80D53807CF803AFED2F991" box="[222,323,1600,1619]" degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" precision="15" seconds="08" value="13.035556">
13°02
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D5380600803AFE87F991" bold="true" box="[273,278,1600,1619]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">′</emphasis>
08
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538063A803AFEA5F991" bold="true" box="[299,308,1600,1619]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">″</emphasis>
N
</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="15E35049FF80D5380659803AFE3CF991" box="[328,429,1600,1619]" degrees="77" direction="east" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" precision="15" seconds="49" value="77.59695">
77°35
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538066A803AFE11F991" bold="true" box="[379,384,1600,1619]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">′</emphasis>
49
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D5380684803AFE0FF991" bold="true" box="[405,414,1600,1619]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">″</emphasis>
E
</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="B72F9B6BFF80D53806A5803AFE7AF991" box="[436,491,1600,1619]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.059999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="906.0">
<elevation id="FBFAD1BDFF80D53806A5803AFE7AF991" box="[436,491,1600,1619]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.059999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" unit="m" value="906.0">906 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="0469104EFF80D53806E3803AFDCBF991" box="[498,602,1600,1619]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" value="2011-12-02">
<collectingDate id="142DE9A6FF80D53806E3803AFDCBF991" box="[498,602,1600,1619]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" value="2011-12-02">02.XII.2011</collectingDate>
</date>
(
<collectionCode id="16C6AE4BFF80D5380575803AFD3BF991" box="[612,682,1600,1619]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">NBAIR</collectionCode>
, registration no.
<collectionCode id="16C6AE4BFF80D53807CC8021FE83F9AC" box="[221,274,1627,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">ICAR</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="16C6AE4BFF80D53806088021FECCF9AC" box="[281,349,1627,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">NBAIR</collectionCode>
/
<specimenCode id="20719EF5FF80D53806758021FE08F9AC" box="[356,409,1627,1646]" collectionCode="NBAIR" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">P1920</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="C0BF3CD3FF80D53806B68021FEC7F961" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2569653232" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="AF6C882CFF80D53806B68021FE6FF9AE" box="[423,510,1627,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="66D1FD07FF80D53805188021FDD3F9AC" box="[521,578,1623,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="female">11 ♀♀</specimenCount>
(nos.
<collectionCode id="16C6AE4BFF80D53805678021FD38F9AC" box="[630,681,1627,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">ICAR</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="16C6AE4BFF80D53805A18021FD63F9AC" box="[688,754,1627,1646]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">NBAIR</collectionCode>
/ P1921–P1931) and 2 (nos.
<collectionCode id="16C6AE4BFF80D538068D800CFE40F94B" box="[412,465,1654,1673]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">ICAR</collectionCode>
/
<collectionCode id="16C6AE4BFF80D53806C6800CFD8AF94B" box="[471,539,1654,1673]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">NBAIR</collectionCode>
/P1932–P1933), same data as
<typeStatus id="AF6C882CFF80D53807BF80EAFF68F961" box="[174,249,1680,1699]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="16C6AE4BFF80D538061580EAFEDAF961" box="[260,331,1680,1699]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">NBAIR</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38CD6505FF80D538078680C6FB59F937" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="description">
<paragraph id="7068368EFF80D538078680C6FD5DF931" blockId="1.[151,760,1723,2067]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538078680C6FE28F911" bold="true" box="[151,441,1723,1747]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
Description.
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538063B80C1FE28F911" bold="true" box="[298,441,1723,1747]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Adult female</emphasis>
</emphasis>
. Body length:
<quantity id="B72F9B6BFF80D538054A80C6FD66F911" box="[603,759,1724,1747]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.305" metricValueMax="1.37" metricValueMin="1.24" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="1.305" valueMax="1.37" valueMin="1.24">1.24–1.37 mm</quantity>
(mean = 1.3, SD = 0.04, n = 11;
<typeStatus id="AF6C882CFF80D53806E080A6FDDFF931" box="[497,590,1756,1779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
=
<quantity id="B72F9B6BFF80D538057B80A6FD51F931" box="[618,704,1756,1779]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7068368EFF80D53807A48086FE60F8B1" blockId="1.[151,760,1723,2067]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D53807A48086FE94F8D1" box="[181,261,1788,1811]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Colour.</emphasis>
General body colour black. A1 and legs golden yellow except dark brown coxae, apices of femur and tibia and basitarsi of hind leg; clava dark brown, other antennomeres golden yellow (
<figureCitation id="E8EC2A0BFF80D53806928126FE72F8B1" box="[387,483,1884,1907]" captionStart="Figs 1–5" captionStartId="2.[151,188,2019,2038]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,190,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,190,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–5. Synopeas pauropsyllae sp. nov. 1 – habitus, dorsal view; 2 – head and mesoscutum; 3 – mesoscutum, lateral view; 4 – frons; 5 – frons and female antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676709/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Figs 1, 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7068368EFF80D53807A48106FAA5FE57" blockId="1.[151,760,1723,2067]" lastBlockId="1.[828,1437,190,2070]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D53807A48106FF7EF851" box="[181,239,1916,1939]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Head</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E8EC2A0BFF80D53806118106FE31F851" box="[256,416,1916,1939]" captionStart="Figs 1–5" captionStartId="2.[151,188,2019,2038]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,190,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,190,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–5. Synopeas pauropsyllae sp. nov. 1 – habitus, dorsal view; 2 – head and mesoscutum; 3 – mesoscutum, lateral view; 4 – frons; 5 – frons and female antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676709/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Figs 1, 2, 4, 5</figureCitation>
). FCI = 1.23; LCI = 1.44. IOS 0.65× width of head, shortest at the level of mid-frons; frons finely reticulate, sparsely setose; inverted V shaped striae present above toruli; hyperoccipital carina distinct, joining the posterior orbits; hyperoccipital carina extending anteromedially; occiput finely reticulate; compound eye bare, L/W= 19.4/13.1; posterior ocellus contiguous with orbits; POL&gt;LOL in ratio of 24.4/10.5; clypeus rectangular (L/W = 2.3/12.7); interantennal process projecting; length to width of antennomeres in ratios of 25.1/5.1, 6.7/3.1, 2.8/1.9, 5.5/2.0, 2.5/2.3, 3.7/3.0, 4.2/4.7, 5.1/5.7, 5.1/6.6, 7.7/5.7, respectively; radicle 0.1× length of A1.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7068368EFF80D538044B87E5FA17FB97" blockId="1.[828,1437,190,2070]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538044B87E5FC5CFE74" box="[858,973,415,438]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Mesosoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E8EC2A0BFF80D53804CE87E4FBD2FE77" box="[991,1091,414,437]" captionStart="Figs 1–5" captionStartId="2.[151,188,2019,2038]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,190,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,190,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–5. Synopeas pauropsyllae sp. nov. 1 – habitus, dorsal view; 2 – head and mesoscutum; 3 – mesoscutum, lateral view; 4 – frons; 5 – frons and female antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676709/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Figs 1–3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E8EC2A0BFF80D538034387E4FBEEFE77" box="[1106,1151,414,437]" captionStart="Figs 6–8" captionStartId="3.[151,188,1161,1180]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,510,1147]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,507,1151]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 6–8. Synopeas pauropsyllae sp. nov. 6 – propodeum and metasoma; 7 – male antenna; 8 – metanotum and propodeum, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676711/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">6, 8</figureCitation>
). Mesoscutum as long as wide (L/W = 29.5/30.6), convex, sparsely setose, finely reticulate, reticulations longitudinally elongate medially; posteromedial margin of mesoscutum extending as a short triangular midlobe over mesoscutellum; axilla large, triangular, covered with 12 long white setae; scutoscutellar sulcus non-foveate; pronotum clearly visible from above, reticulate, sparsely setose; epomial carina faint; cervical pronotal area finely reticulate with anterior rim of pronotum smooth; upper lateral pronotal area reticulate and sparsely setose; lower lateral pronotal area smooth; entire mesopleuron smooth; metapleuron smooth with dense long white setae; mesoscutellum triangular, convex, smooth with a short upturned spine with a lamella posteromedially, L/W = 13.7/20.4; lateral keel broad anteriorly and narrow posteriorly; metascutellum rectangular, smooth; metanotal trough smooth with two transverse median carinae (
<figureCitation id="E8EC2A0BFF80D538024185E4FA1CFC77" box="[1360,1421,926,949]" captionStart="Figs 6–8" captionStartId="3.[151,188,1161,1180]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,510,1147]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,507,1151]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 6–8. Synopeas pauropsyllae sp. nov. 6 – propodeum and metasoma; 7 – male antenna; 8 – metanotum and propodeum, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676711/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
); propodeum with two median carinae placed close to each other; lateral propodeal area smooth with dense long white setae. Forewing (L/W = 88.7/39.4) and hind wing (L/W = 77.5/14.1) hyaline, with sparse microtrichia; forewing with no marginal cilia; hind wing cilia 0.25× width of wing.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7068368EFF80D538044B8225FC2DFA97" blockId="1.[828,1437,190,2070]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538044B8225FC58FBB4" box="[858,969,1119,1142]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Metasoma</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E8EC2A0BFF80D53804C68224FB8AFBB7" box="[983,1051,1118,1141]" captionStart="Figs 1–5" captionStartId="2.[151,188,2019,2038]" captionTargetBox="[154,1436,190,1896]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,190,1896]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs 1–5. Synopeas pauropsyllae sp. nov. 1 – habitus, dorsal view; 2 – head and mesoscutum; 3 – mesoscutum, lateral view; 4 – frons; 5 – frons and female antenna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676709/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Figs 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E8EC2A0BFF80D53803398224FBA9FBB7" box="[1064,1080,1118,1141]" captionStart="Figs 6–8" captionStartId="3.[151,188,1161,1180]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,510,1147]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,507,1151]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 6–8. Synopeas pauropsyllae sp. nov. 6 – propodeum and metasoma; 7 – male antenna; 8 – metanotum and propodeum, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676711/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">6</figureCitation>
). L/W = 41.6/34.4; T1 short with median and submedian carinae; T2, entirely smooth with a row of long white setae on anterior margin; remaining tergites anteriorly smooth and with faint reticulations and sparse setae posteriorly; length and width of tergites T1–T
<quantity id="B72F9B6BFF80D53804668284FC31FAD7" box="[887,928,1278,1301]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
ratios of 3.9/11.6, 30.3/18.2, 2.3/32.7, 2.0/28.1, 1.4/24.1, 3.5/18.7, respectively; anterior margin of S2 with dense setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7068368EFF80D538044B8327FB59FA57" blockId="1.[828,1437,190,2070]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538044B8327FC48FAB7" bold="true" box="[858,985,1373,1397]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Adult male.</emphasis>
Similar to female. Body length
<quantity id="B72F9B6BFF80D53802238324FCF4FA57" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" metricValueMax="1.28" metricValueMin="1.24" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" unit="mm" value="1.26" valueMax="1.28" valueMin="1.24">1.24–1.28 mm</quantity>
(mean = 1.26, SD = 0.03, n = 2).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7068368EFF80D538044B83E4FAD9F9B7" blockId="1.[828,1437,190,2070]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
Length and width of antennomeres A1–A
<quantity id="B72F9B6BFF80D538021C83E4FAD0FA77" box="[1293,1345,1438,1461]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" unit="in" value="10.0">10 in</quantity>
ratios of 25.6/5.2, 6.2/3.2, 2.2/2.1, 5.8/2.6, 4.3/2.5, 5.0/3.1, 6.0/3.6, 6.1/3.7, 6.0/3.7, 10.0/3.5, respectively (
<figureCitation id="E8EC2A0BFF80D53803F983A4FABDFA37" box="[1256,1324,1502,1525]" captionStart="Figs 6–8" captionStartId="3.[151,188,1161,1180]" captionTargetBox="[151,1434,510,1147]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,507,1151]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 6–8. Synopeas pauropsyllae sp. nov. 6 – propodeum and metasoma; 7 – male antenna; 8 – metanotum and propodeum, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676711" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676711/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
). A3–A10 densely setose, length of setae 0.1× length of A1. Metasoma L/W = 37.3/30.1, with seven tergites; length and width of tergites T1–T
<quantity id="B72F9B6BFF80D53804DC8044FC69F997" box="[973,1016,1598,1621]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
ratios of 3.6/14.1, 24.0/17.6, 2.9/29.3, 2.9/26.5, 2.1/21.2, 1.7/14.8, 1.3/8.3, respectively.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7068368EFF80D538042D8004FB59F937" blockId="1.[828,1437,190,2070]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538042D8004FC2BF957" bold="true" box="[828,954,1662,1685]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Variability.</emphasis>
Not much variation was found between specimens except for differences in size as mentioned above. This could possibly be the result of all specimens being obtained from a single batch of galls.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38CD6505FF80D53A042D8084FE8EFF37" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7068368EFF80D53A042D8084FE8EFF37" blockId="1.[828,1437,190,2070]" lastBlockId="3.[151,760,190,469]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="140" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538042D8084FBA6F8D7" bold="true" box="[828,1079,1790,1813]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
This new species of
<taxonomicName id="B7D74D0DFF80D538020F8085FA12F8D4" authorityName="Forster" authorityYear="1856" box="[1310,1411,1791,1814]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538020F8085FA12F8D4" box="[1310,1411,1791,1814]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">Synopeas</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="B7D74D0DFF80D53804B28165FB29F8F7" authority="Kieffer, 1926" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1926" box="[931,1208,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="involutum">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D53804B28165FBB7F8F7" box="[931,1062,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">S. involutum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="14464B7FFF80D538033A8164FB29F8F7" author="KIEFFER J. J." box="[1067,1208,1822,1845]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" refId="ref2860" refString="KIEFFER J. J. 1926: Scelionidae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 48. Walter de Gruyter &amp; Co., Berlin, 885 pp." type="book" year="1926">Kieffer, 1926</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D53803D38165FA8DF8F4" box="[1218,1308,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">S. pinnei</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="14464B7FFF80D53802338164FA08F8F7" author="BUHL P. N." box="[1314,1433,1822,1845]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" pagination="65 - 83" refId="ref2675" refString="BUHL P. N. 2009: New or little known Palaearctic species of Platygastrinae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). III. Entomologica Fennica 20: 65 - 83." type="journal article" year="2009">Buhl, 2009</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="B7D74D0DFF80D538042D8145FBCFF897" authority="Austin, 1984" authorityName="Austin" authorityYear="1984" box="[828,1118,1854,1878]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mangiferae">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538042D8145FC5EF897" box="[828,975,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">S. mangiferae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="14464B7FFF80D53804C58144FBCFF897" author="AUSTIN A. D." box="[980,1118,1854,1877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" pagination="549 - 557" refId="ref2553" refString="AUSTIN A. D. 1984: New species of Platygastridae (Hymenoptera) from India which parasitise pests of mango, particularly Procontarinia spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 74: 549 - 557." type="journal article" year="1984">Austin, 1984</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D53803808145FB69F897" box="[1169,1272,1854,1878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">S. fuscum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="14464B7FFF80D53803EC8144FAE2F897" author="BUHL P. N." box="[1277,1395,1854,1877]" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" pagination="11 - 42" refId="ref2634" refString="BUHL P. N. 1998: Platygastridae (Hymenoptera) species of a Juniperus thurifera L. forest of Los Monegros region (Zaragoza, Spain). Zapateri, Revista Aragonensa de Entomologia 8: 11 - 42." type="journal article" year="1998">Buhl, 1998</bibRefCitation>
but differs from them in the following combination of character states: presence of hyperoccipital carina, OOL not distinct, dense setae along hind margin of mesoscutum, shape of scutellum and unusually short female T3–T6. While
<taxonomicName id="B7D74D0DFF80D538029981C5FC36F837" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityYear="1926" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="involutum">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538029981C5FC36F837" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">S. involutum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D53804A481A5FB84F834" box="[949,1045,2015,2038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">S. pinnei</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D538035A81A5FB25F837" box="[1099,1204,2014,2038]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">S. fuscum</emphasis>
are distributed in the Palaearctic Region,
<taxonomicName id="B7D74D0DFF80D53803048185FB3AF7D7" authorityName="Austin" authorityYear="1984" box="[1045,1195,2046,2070]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mangiferae">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF80D53803048185FB3AF7D7" box="[1045,1195,2046,2070]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="138">S. mangiferae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an Oriental species known from
<collectingCountry id="08C0761EFF82D53A063D86C4FEF4FF17" box="[300,357,190,213]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="14464B7FFF82D53A066686C4FD80FF17" author="KIEFFER J. J." box="[375,529,190,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" refId="ref2860" refString="KIEFFER J. J. 1926: Scelionidae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 48. Walter de Gruyter &amp; Co., Berlin, 885 pp." type="book" year="1926">KIEFFER 1926</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="14464B7FFF82D53A050F86C4FD3EFF17" author="AUSTIN A. D." box="[542,687,190,213]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" pagination="549 - 557" refId="ref2553" refString="AUSTIN A. D. 1984: New species of Platygastridae (Hymenoptera) from India which parasitise pests of mango, particularly Procontarinia spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 74: 549 - 557." type="journal article" year="1984">AUSTIN 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="14464B7FFF82D53A05AF86C4FF5EFF37" author="BUHL P. N." pageId="3" pageNumber="140" pagination="11 - 42" refId="ref2634" refString="BUHL P. N. 1998: Platygastridae (Hymenoptera) species of a Juniperus thurifera L. forest of Los Monegros region (Zaragoza, Spain). Zapateri, Revista Aragonensa de Entomologia 8: 11 - 42." type="journal article" year="1998">BUHL 1998</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="14464B7FFF82D53A07CB86A4FE85FF37" author="BUHL P. N." box="[218,276,222,245]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" pagination="65 - 83" refId="ref2675" refString="BUHL P. N. 2009: New or little known Palaearctic species of Platygastrinae (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae). III. Entomologica Fennica 20: 65 - 83." type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="24A86606FF83D53B07868199FEB1F7D3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676709" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3676709" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676709/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" startId="2.[151,188,2019,2038]" targetBox="[154,1436,190,1896]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="7068368EFF83D53B07868199FEB1F7D3" blockId="2.[151,1436,2019,2065]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">
Figs 1–5.
<taxonomicName id="B7D74D0DFF83D53B07FC819EFE22F834" authority="Veenakumari &amp; Buhl &amp; Mohanraj, 2018" authorityName="Veenakumari &amp; Buhl &amp; Mohanraj" authorityYear="2018" box="[237,435,2019,2039]" class="Insecta" family="Platygastridae" genus="Synopeas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pauropsyllae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF83D53B07FC819EFE22F834" box="[237,435,2019,2039]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="139">Synopeas pauropsyllae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="599057E7FF83D53B06A88199FE6CF834" box="[441,509,2019,2038]" pageId="2" pageNumber="139" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
1 – habitus, dorsal view; 2 – head and mesoscutum; 3 – mesoscutum, lateral view; 4 – frons; 5 – frons and female antenna.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7068368EFF82D53A07868684FB51FE17" blockId="3.[151,760,190,469]" lastBlockId="3.[828,1437,190,469]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">
<subSubSection id="38CD6505FF82D53A07868684FA0DFEB7" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" type="biology_ecology">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF82D53A07868684FF7EFED7" bold="true" box="[151,239,254,277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Biology.</emphasis>
All specimens emerged from galls induced by
<taxonomicName id="B7D74D0DFF82D53A05D48685FEFDFEF7" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pauropsylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressa">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF82D53A05D48685FF7AFEF7" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Pauropsylla</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF82D53A06018764FEFDFEF7" box="[272,364,286,309]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">depressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="B7D74D0DFF82D53A06698764FE7DFEF7" box="[376,492,286,309]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
: Psylloidea:
<taxonomicName id="B7D74D0DFF82D53A057C8764FD43FEF7" baseAuthorityName="Loew" baseAuthorityYear="1867" box="[621,722,286,309]" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Triozidae</taxonomicName>
) on isolated trees of
<taxonomicName id="B7D74D0DFF82D53A06518745FD99FE97" box="[320,520,318,342]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="benghalensis">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF82D53A06518745FD99FE97" box="[320,520,318,342]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Ficus benghalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="E8EC2A0BFF82D53A05048744FDEEFE97" box="[533,639,318,341]" captionStart="Figs 9–12" captionStartId="3.[151,188,2065,2084]" captionTargetBox="[151,1425,1215,2053]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,1215,2053]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figs 9–12. Host of Synopeas pauropsyllae sp. nov. 9 – galls on Ficus benghalensis leaves; 10 – cross section of a gall showing two nymphs of Pauropsylla cf. depressa Crawford, 1912 in the cavities; 11 – close up of a nymph of P. cf. depressa; 12– lateral view of an adult male of P. cf. depressa." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676713" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676713/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Figs 9–12</figureCitation>
) situated in rainfed agricultural land. The adult male psyllid that emerged from the galls closely resembles
<taxonomicName id="B7D74D0DFF82D53A06CE8705FD69FE57" authority="Crawford, 1912" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1912" box="[479,760,382,406]" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pauropsylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressa">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF82D53A06CE8705FDC3FE57" box="[479,594,382,406]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">P. depressa</emphasis>
Crawford, 1912
</taxonomicName>
as redescribed by
<bibRefCitation id="14464B7FFF82D53A065A87E4FE78FE77" author="MATHUR R. N." box="[331,489,414,437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" refId="ref3015" refString="MATHUR R. N. 1975: Psyllidae of the Indian subcontinent. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 429 pp." type="book" year="1975">MATHUR (1975)</bibRefCitation>
in the structure of the head and antenna, the shape and venation of the fore wing and probably also in the paramere shape, but a more detailed study of the material is needed to confirm the identity (I. Malenovský &amp; D. Burckhardt, pers. comm.).
<taxonomicName id="B7D74D0DFF82D53A020C8684FC09FEF7" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1912" class="Insecta" family="Triozidae" genus="Pauropsylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="depressa">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF82D53A020C8684FC09FEF7" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Pauropsylla depressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a widely distributed species in
<collectingCountry id="08C0761EFF82D53A03EC8764FAA3FEF7" box="[1277,1330,286,309]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">India</collectingCountry>
including
<collectingRegion id="B213F86CFF82D53A042D8744FC3BFE97" box="[828,938,318,341]" country="India" name="Karnataka" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Karnataka</collectingRegion>
; it has so far been known to induce galls on
<taxonomicName id="B7D74D0DFF82D53A02738745FC0EFEB4" class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="racemosa">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF82D53A02738745FC0EFEB4" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Ficus racemosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. (
<bibRefCitation id="14464B7FFF82D53A04D48724FBC0FEB7" author="MATHUR R. N." box="[965,1105,350,373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" refId="ref3015" refString="MATHUR R. N. 1975: Psyllidae of the Indian subcontinent. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 429 pp." type="book" year="1975">MATHUR 1975</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="14464B7FFF82D53A034B8724FA00FEB7" author="D'SOUZA M. R. &amp; RAVISHANKAR B. E." box="[1114,1425,350,373]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" pagination="129 - 136" refId="ref2775" refString="D'SOUZA M. R. &amp; RAVISHANKAR B. E. 2014: Nutritional sink formation in galls of Ficus glomerata Roxb. (Moraceae) by the insect Pauropsylla depressa (Psyllidae, Hemiptera). Tropical Ecology 55: 129 - 136." type="journal article" year="2014">D’SOUZA &amp; RAVISHANKAR 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="38CD6505FF82D53A042D8704FB51FE17" pageId="3" pageNumber="140" type="etymology">
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF82D53A042D8704FC2DFE57" bold="true" box="[828,956,382,405]" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">Etymology.</emphasis>
This species is named ‘
<emphasis id="42A3EA9CFF82D53A03D48704FADEFE57" box="[1221,1359,382,405]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="140">pauropsyllae</emphasis>
’ based on the generic name of the host of this parasitoid; noun in genitive case standing in apposition.
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
</treatment>
</document>
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