744 lines
213 KiB
XML
744 lines
213 KiB
XML
<document id="C6B9B424D6455611A9255F5F3FC62C26" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab102" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7034929" ID-ZooBank="C7008A79-ABF6-403A-9366-2C68AE7C405C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1661766660323" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Xu, Wenxin, Ma, Jiyang, Li, Yuan, Bourland, William A., Petroni, Giulio, Luo, Xiaotian & Song, Weibo" docDate="2022" docId="F86287B2FFF0FF96FEC611A3FE4FAA8E" docLanguage="en" docName="zlab102.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab102" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Clampia sinica Xu & Ma & Li & Bourland & Petroni & Luo & Song 2022, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docUuid="894A94B9-FD7C-4E85-AB08-EC470D2DE78F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="045BFFCAFFF4FF9FFF871404FFC4AF63" masterDocTitle="Phylogeny of a new ciliate family Clampidae fam. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), with notes on morphology and morphogenesis" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="88" pageNumber="92" updateTime="1716379681677" updateUser="tatiana">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AD1F27CC963FBFD1125FEA582305B589">
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<mods:title id="8C862FCE953B7A9391B031047E863354">Phylogeny of a new ciliate family Clampidae fam. nov. (Protista: Ciliophora), with notes on morphology and morphogenesis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="87761CCEEFBFECA92235A7CDB3C6AD06">Xu, Wenxin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="272105C335AD649CD37307A201F8070A">Ma, Jiyang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7ADAB89C5583FADED8C948A6954DC0F8">Li, Yuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="2B98B1C440EFB23336EC3A944C8C50A0">Bourland, William A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6F2461064D0F8C667FB0F5C2A2EB8FE1">Petroni, Giulio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D841876C37A6DFF73AD2F5278EE87B79">Luo, Xiaotian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="83D72E23515B6ECF7BC55959D623C2D7">Song, Weibo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="231BB65B4CEFBDF32477D491563AA8EC">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="6E37639354A4A7DA70D0EF18B2AA59A6">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="62B9822A33772E33551FBFACC2A0B5FF">2022-01-25</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="1CBCB9A495C6810243F8AA964DB166D3">https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab102</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier id="7B85881262AC2AE0AD149620DF552AB1" type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab102</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="6BCAA58F89A0905CE22DCEF641E26543" type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F86287B2FFF0FF96FEC611A3FE4FAA8E" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:894A94B9-FD7C-4E85-AB08-EC470D2DE78F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F86287B2FFF0FF96FEC611A3FE4FAA8E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">
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<subSubSection id="38D1652FFFF0FF9BFEC611A3FDA8AADC" box="[321,620,1447,1471]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="707436A4FFF0FF9BFEC611A3FDA8AADC" blockId="4.[321,620,1447,1471]" box="[321,620,1447,1471]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">
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<heading id="2B3C81C8FFF0FF9BFEC611A3FDA8AADC" box="[321,620,1447,1471]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="B7CB4D27FFF0FF9BFEC611A3FDC6AADD" authority="Xu & Ma & Li & Bourland & Petroni & Luo & Song, 2022" authorityName="Xu & Ma & Li & Bourland & Petroni & Luo & Song" authorityYear="2022" box="[321,514,1447,1471]" family="Clampidae" genus="Clampia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="sinica" status="sp. nov.">CLAMPIA SINICA</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFD8D11AFFDA8AADC" bold="true" box="[522,620,1447,1471]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="598C57CDFFF0FF9BFD8D11AFFDA8AADC" box="[522,620,1447,1471]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" rank="species">SP. NOV.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="38D1652FFFF0FF9BFF2411D5FCC8A967" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" type="description">
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<paragraph id="707436A4FFF0FF9BFF2411D5FCC8A967" blockId="4.[163,780,1488,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFF2411D5FE20AA85" box="[163,484,1488,1510]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Z o o b a n k r e g i s t r a t i o n</emphasis>
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: u r n: l s i d: z o o b a n k. org:act:
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<uuid id="046D0C71FFF0FF9BFF7711EAFCCCA967" box="[240,776,1518,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">
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894A94B9-FD7C-4E85-AB08-EC470D2DE
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<specimenCount id="66CDFD2DFFF0FF9BFD5A11EAFCCCA967" box="[733,776,1518,1540]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" type="generic">78F</specimenCount>
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</uuid>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="38D1652FFFF0FF9BFF241227FBB3AE7B" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="707436A4FFF0FF9BFF241227FBB3AE7B" blockId="4.[163,780,1570,1899]" lastBlockId="4.[827,1442,197,280]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFF241227FEE3A95B" box="[163,295,1571,1592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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100–145 × 30–50 µm
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<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFDC21227FD5FA95B" box="[581,667,1571,1592]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">in vivo</emphasis>
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, slender elliptical in shape; cortical granules colourless, spherical and 0.8–1.0 µm across, mainly distributed along cirral rows and dorsal kineties; about 33 adoral membranelles; invariably three frontoventral rows, with the anteriormost cirrus slightly enlarged; generally three short midventral rows, left and right long midventral row composed of about 28 and 40 cirri, respectively; on average six buccal and seven transverse cirri; left and right marginal row composed of about 35 and 37 cirri respectively; limnetic habitat.
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<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFCBC14C1FC06AFB9" box="[827,962,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Etymology:</emphasis>
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Specific epithet is the feminine Latin adjective
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<taxonomicName id="B7CB4D27FFF0FF9BFC2E14E0FB9FAF99" authority=", Chinese" authorityName="Chinese" box="[937,1115,228,250]" family="Clampidae" genus="Clampia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="sinica">
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<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFC2E14E0FC2AAF9A" box="[937,1006,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">sinica</emphasis>
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, Chinese
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</taxonomicName>
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, refers to the country where this species was discovered.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="38D1652FFFF0FF9BFCBC1546FAEBADE8" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="707436A4FFF0FF9BFCBC1546FC1CAED0" blockId="4.[827,1443,321,435]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">
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<materialsCitation id="C0A33CF9FFF0FF9BFCBC1546FC11AED0" country="China" latitude="29.96607" location="China" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="113.77644" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFCBC1546FC28AE35" box="[827,1004,321,343]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">
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<typeStatus id="AF708806FFF0FF9BFCBC1546FCB2AE34" box="[827,886,322,343]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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</emphasis>
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Freshwater fishpond in Honghu (
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="15FF5063FFF0FF9BFC7A1564FB71AE16" box="[1021,1205,351,374]" degrees="113" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" precision="1" seconds="35.17" value="113.77644">113°46′35.17″E</geoCoordinate>
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), central
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<collectingCountry id="08DC7634FFF0FF9BFAAF1564FAB4AE15" box="[1320,1392,352,374]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">China</collectingCountry>
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(for details, see section ‘Sample collection, observation and terminology’)
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="707436A4FFF0FF9BFCBC15D8FAEBADE8" blockId="4.[827,1443,476,651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFCBC15D8FC21AE92" box="[827,997,476,497]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Type material:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="C0A33CF9FFF0FF9BFC6A15D8FBA8ADE8" country="China" location="Laboratory of Protozoology" municipality="Ocean University" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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One protargol-impregnated slide (no. XWX201904Y401–01) with the
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<typeStatus id="AF708806FFF0FF9BFB1F15FEFB3DAD73" box="[1176,1273,506,528]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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specimen (
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<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFAF515FEFC92AD4D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[145,1425,195,1297]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov.from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of Clampia sinica in vivo (H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast).A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Figs 3F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFCE2161DFC41AD4D" box="[869,901,537,558]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">4A</figureCitation>
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, marked with ink circle on the slide) and
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<specimenCount id="66CDFD2DFFF0FF9BFAFF161DFC67AD2E" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" type="generic" typeStatus="paratype">five paratype</specimenCount>
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slides (no. XWX201904Y401–02, 03, 04, 05, 06) were deposited in the
|
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<location id="7514607FFFF0FF9BFBEF1652FA5BAD0F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F86287B2FFF0FF96FEC611A3FE4FAA8E:7514607FFFF0FF9BFBEF1652FA5BAD0F" box="[1128,1439,598,620]" country="China" municipality="Ocean University" name="Laboratory of Protozoology" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Laboratory of Protozoology</location>
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||
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="9010ACDEFFF0FF9BFCBC1671FBC7ADE8" box="[827,1027,629,651]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Ocean University</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
of
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||
<collectingCountry id="08DC7634FFF0FF9BFBA21671FBA8ADE8" box="[1061,1132,629,651]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">China</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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, Qingdao,
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<collectingCountry id="08DC7634FFF0FF9BFB641671FAE8ADE8" box="[1251,1324,629,651]" name="China" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">China</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="38D1652FFFF0FF99FCCA16D9FD29A80A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" type="description">
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<paragraph id="707436A4FFF0FF9BFCCA16D9FA54AD97" blockId="4.[845,1424,733,788]" box="[845,1424,733,758]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">
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<heading id="2B3C81C8FFF0FF9BFCCA16D9FA54AD97" box="[845,1424,733,758]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" reason="2">
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MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION OF
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<taxonomicName id="B7CB4D27FFF0FF9BFB5F16D9FA54AD97" box="[1240,1424,733,756]" family="Clampidae" genus="Clampia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="sinica">
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<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFB5F16D9FA54AD97" box="[1240,1424,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">
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<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFB5F16D9FAFAAD97" box="[1240,1342,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">CLAMPIA</emphasis>
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||
SINICA
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF0FF9BFC4B16FFFAD5AC77" blockId="4.[845,1424,733,788]" box="[972,1297,763,788]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFC5316FFFB8AAC77" box="[980,1102,763,788]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[145,1425,195,1297]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov.from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of Clampia sinica in vivo (H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast).A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">FIGS 3A–S</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFBDC16FFFB30AC70" box="[1115,1268,763,788]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">4A–D; TABLE</figureCitation>
|
||
1)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF0FF9BFCBC1720FA57AADD" blockId="4.[827,1444,804,1899]" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Size 100–145 × 30–50 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFBF81720FB17AC5A" box="[1151,1235,804,825]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, length to width ratio 3.0–4.5:
|
||
<quantity id="B7339B41FFF0FF9BFC511746FC3AAC3B" box="[982,1022,834,856]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" unit="in" value="1.0">
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1
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFC601747FC3AAC3B" box="[999,1022,835,856]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">in</emphasis>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
vivo (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFBC41746FB78AC3B" box="[1091,1212,834,856]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[145,1425,195,1297]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov.from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of Clampia sinica in vivo (H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast).A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Fig. 3H–M</figureCitation>
|
||
) and 1.7–2.8:1 after protargol staining. Elongated body, elliptical in shape, both ends broadly rounded, posterior end slightly narrowed, body flexible but not contractile (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFAC0179AFC51ACB0" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[145,1425,195,1297]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov.from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of Clampia sinica in vivo (H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast).A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Fig. 3A, B, H–M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Single contractile vacuole, about 17 µm in diameter at end-diastole, located at left body margin slightly behind buccal vertex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFB3F17FEFAFDAB73" box="[1208,1337,1018,1040]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[145,1425,195,1297]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov.from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of Clampia sinica in vivo (H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast).A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Fig. 3E, M</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow). Cortical granules colourless, spherical, about 0.8– 1.0 µm across, often arranged in small groups near cirri, grouped or scattered along and between cirral rows and dorsal kineties (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFBE41071FAD6ABE8" box="[1123,1298,1141,1163]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[145,1425,195,1297]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov.from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of Clampia sinica in vivo (H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast).A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Fig. 3C, D, N–P</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cytoplasm colourless, usually packed with many lipid droplets (about 1–2 µm across), spheroidal granules (about 1–4 µm across), a few irregularly shaped crystals (about 2–3 × 0.5 µm), other undefined inclusions and several food vacuoles sometimes containing small-sized ciliates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFC271129FC3EAA21" box="[928,1018,1325,1347]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[145,1425,195,1297]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov.from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of Clampia sinica in vivo (H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast).A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Figs 3R</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFB8F1129FBECAA21" box="[1032,1064,1325,1346]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows). Macronuclear nodules 50–120, scattered throughout cell body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFA931148FAAAAA02" box="[1300,1390,1356,1378]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[145,1425,195,1297]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov.from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of Clampia sinica in vivo (H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast).A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Figs 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFAFB1148FA58AA02" box="[1404,1436,1356,1377]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowhead). Locomotion by swimming while rotating about the main body axis or slow to moderately fast crawling on substrates with body folding or twisting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF0FF99FCD411C2FDECA9D3" blockId="4.[827,1444,804,1899]" lastBlockId="6.[161,780,1599,1897]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Adoral zone question mark-shaped, with 29–36 membranelles, occupies 32–42% of cell length
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFAC811E2FA59AA98" box="[1359,1437,1510,1531]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
. Undulating membranes more or less in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7CB4D27FFF0FF9BFAAB1200FA67A97A" box="[1324,1443,1540,1561]" class="Hypotrichea" family="Oxytrichidae" genus="Oxytricha" kingdom="Chromista" order="Oxytrichida" pageId="4" pageNumber="92" phylum="Ciliophora" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFAAB1200FA67A97A" box="[1324,1443,1540,1561]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Oxytricha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pattern, paroral and endoral membranes almost equal in length, slightly curved and optically intersected, both diplostichomonad, the paroral membrane begins slightly anterior to the endoral membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFAE9127AFC93A9D1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[145,1425,195,1297]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov.from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of Clampia sinica in vivo (H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast).A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Figs 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFCE21299FC62A9D0" box="[869,934,1693,1715]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral ciliature as follows (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFA881299FAA1A9D1" box="[1295,1381,1693,1715]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[145,1425,195,1297]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov.from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of Clampia sinica in vivo (H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast).A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Figs 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFAF31299FA57A9D1" box="[1396,1427,1693,1714]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
): frontoventral cirri arranged in three short rows, each row usually composed of four or five cirri, with the anteriormost cirrus slightly enlarged, with cilia 10–12 µm long
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF0FF9BFC7F131CFB8CA84E" box="[1016,1096,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
. On average, six buccal cirri arranged longitudinally to the right of the paroral membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFC491351FBECA809" box="[974,1064,1877,1899]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[145,1425,195,1297]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov.from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of Clampia sinica in vivo (H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast).A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">Figs 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF0FF9BFBBF1351FBBFA808" box="[1080,1147,1877,1899]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="92">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Generally, three short and invariably two long midventral rows (MV). MV n–1 (i.e. the left long midventral row) composed of 22–34 cirri, begins at the level of the posterior end of or slightly above buccal cirral row and terminates at about 85% of cell length. MV n (i.e. the right long midventral row) composed of 28–48 cirri, commences near the distal end of the adoral zone and terminates at the rightmost transverse cirrus. Transverse cirri four to nine, arranged in an oblique pseudorow, with cilia about 16 µm long
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF1FF9AFBB41310FB44A84A" box="[1075,1152,1812,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="93">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, protruding beyond the posterior end of the cell (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF1FF9AFBD31336FB2FA82B" box="[1108,1259,1842,1864]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[145,1425,195,1297]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov.from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of Clampia sinica in vivo (H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast).A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="93">Figs 3A, B, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF1FF9AFB7D1336FADDA824" box="[1274,1305,1842,1863]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="93">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). One left and one right marginal row, extending towards the posterior end of cell, separated by a distinct gap, with cilia about 9–11 µm long
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF2FF99FE5E125AFDEEA910" box="[473,554,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
; left marginal row composed of 24–42 cirri and J-shaped, right marginal row with 26–44 cirri (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FE1E129FFE28A9D3" box="[409,492,1691,1713]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[145,1425,195,1297]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov.from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of Clampia sinica in vivo (H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast).A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">Figs 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FE7E129FFDDCA9D3" box="[505,536,1691,1712]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="24B4662CFFF1FF9AFF15113DFF1DA9F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="93" startId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" targetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF1FF9AFF15113DFF1DA9F2" blockId="5.[143,1425,1337,1681]" pageId="5" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF1FF9AFF15113DFF3DAA2D" bold="true" box="[146,249,1337,1359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="93">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7CB4D27FFF1FF9AFE1D113DFDFCAA2C" authority="Xu & Ma & Li & Bourland & Petroni & Luo & Song, 2022" authorityName="Xu & Ma & Li & Bourland & Petroni & Luo & Song" authorityYear="2022" box="[410,568,1337,1359]" family="Clampidae" genus="Clampia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="sinica" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF1FF9AFE1D113DFDFCAA2C" box="[410,568,1337,1359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="93">Clampia sinica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="598C57CDFFF1FF9AFDBB113DFD14AA2C" box="[572,720,1337,1359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="93" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF1FF9AFF2F1152FE4AAA0F" box="[168,398,1366,1388]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7CB4D27FFF1FF9AFF2F1152FE81AA0F" authorityName="Xu & Ma & Li & Bourland & Petroni & Luo & Song" authorityYear="2022" box="[168,325,1366,1388]" family="Clampidae" genus="Clampia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="93" rank="species" species="sinica">Clampia sinica</taxonomicName>
|
||
in vivo
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast). A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="24B4662CFFF2FF99FF241034FCE5AA9D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94" startId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" targetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF2FF99FF241034FCE5AA9D" blockId="6.[162,1444,1072,1534]" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF2FF99FF241034FECEAB26" bold="true" box="[163,266,1072,1094]" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Photomicrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7CB4D27FFF2FF99FE731034FD56AB25" authority="Xu & Ma & Li & Bourland & Petroni & Luo & Song, 2022" authorityName="Xu & Ma & Li & Bourland & Petroni & Luo & Song" authorityYear="2022" box="[500,658,1072,1094]" family="Clampidae" genus="Clampia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="sinica" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF2FF99FE731034FD56AB25" box="[500,658,1072,1094]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">Clampia sinica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="598C57CDFFF2FF99FD1F1034FCF4AB25" box="[664,816,1072,1094]" pageId="6" pageNumber="94" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF2FF99FF3C12BEFD29A80A" blockId="6.[161,780,1599,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Invariably three dorsal kineties (DK), four out of
|
||
<specimenCount id="66CDFD2DFFF2FF99FD6812BEFEDCA98D" pageId="6" pageNumber="94" type="generic">21 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
investigated have two or three extra dorsal bristles to the right of the anterior end of DK3, DK2 and DK3 nearly equal to the whole body length, DK1 slightly shortened anterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FE201330FE3EA82A" box="[423,506,1844,1866]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[146,224,1337,1359]" captionTargetBox="[152,1421,204,1294]" captionTargetId="figure-143@5.[145,1425,195,1297]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3. Morphology of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov.from life (A–E), after protargol staining (F, G) and photomicrographs of Clampia sinica in vivo (H–K, Q–S, bright field; L–P, differential interference contrast).A, B, ventral views of representative specimens. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view showing the distribution of cortical granules. E, ventral views of individuals, showing different body shapes, location of contractile vacuoles. F, G, ventral (F) and dorsal (G) view of the holotype specimen showing the infraciliature and nuclear apparatus. H–M, ventral views of typical individuals, showing the flexibility of body and different body shapes, arrow marks the contractile vacuole. N–P, ventral (N) and dorsal (O, P) views, showing cortical granules (arrowheads). Q, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show adoral zone of membranelles and frontoventral cirri. R, posterior part of cell, showing irregular granules of cytoplasm and a food vacuole (arrow). S, macronuclear nodules (arrowheads). Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; e, endoral membrane; FVR1–3, frontoventral rows; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; 1–3, short midventral rows. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034938" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034938/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">Figs 3G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FD831330FDE6A82A" box="[516,546,1844,1865]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The length of dorsal bristles is about 4 µm
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF2FF99FE131350FE19A80A" box="[404,477,1876,1897]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
. Caudal cirri are absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38D1652FFFF2FF96FC1C1239FE4FAA8E" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="6" pageNumber="94" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF2FF99FC1C1239FA86A936" blockId="6.[827,1444,1597,1897]" box="[923,1346,1597,1622]" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<heading id="2B3C81C8FFF2FF99FC1C1239FA86A936" box="[923,1346,1597,1622]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="94" reason="2">
|
||
MORPHOGENESIS OF
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7CB4D27FFF2FF99FB0D123AFA86A936" authorityName="Xu & Ma & Li & Bourland & Petroni & Luo & Song" authorityYear="2022" box="[1162,1346,1598,1621]" family="Clampidae" genus="Clampia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="94" rank="species" species="sinica">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF2FF99FB0D123AFA86A936" box="[1162,1346,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF2FF99FB0D123AFB34A936" box="[1162,1264,1598,1621]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">CLAMPIA</emphasis>
|
||
SINICA
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF2FF99FB871258FB19A916" blockId="6.[827,1444,1597,1897]" box="[1024,1245,1628,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FB8F1258FB40A916" box="[1032,1156,1628,1653]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">FIGS 4E–L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FB161258FB11A916" box="[1169,1237,1628,1653]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">5A–H</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF2FF99FCBC1279FC10A80A" blockId="6.[827,1444,1597,1897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Seven morphogenetic specimens were observed: one at early stage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FC7A129FFB99A9D2" box="[1021,1117,1691,1713]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">Figs 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FBE8129FFB54A9D2" box="[1135,1168,1691,1713]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
); two at early-middle stage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FC0D12BEFC24A9AC" box="[906,992,1722,1744]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">Figs 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FC6812BEFBF5A9B3" box="[1007,1073,1722,1744]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">5B–D</figureCitation>
|
||
); one at middle stage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FAC612BEFA59A9AC" box="[1345,1437,1722,1744]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">Figs 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FCBC12DDFCBDA98D" box="[827,889,1753,1775]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">5E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
); one at middle-late stage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FB3B12DDFAEAA98D" box="[1212,1326,1753,1775]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">Fig. 4H–J</figureCitation>
|
||
); and two at late stage (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FC5B12F3FB90A86E" box="[988,1108,1783,1805]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">Figs 4K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FBE412F3FB62A86E" box="[1123,1190,1783,1805]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">5G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). As some key stages, such as early stages between
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FB181312FAD2A84F" box="[1183,1302,1814,1836]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">Figure 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF2FF99FAD31312FC9FA828" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="94">Figure 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
, were not observed, the origins of some anlagen are not clear.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="24B4662CFFF3FF98FF0814C0FB86AFB9" ID-Table-UUID="24B4662CFFF3FF98FF0814C0FB86AFB9" box="[143,1090,196,218]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24B4662CFFF3FF98FF0814C0FB86AFB9" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" startId="7.[143,207,196,217]" targetBox="[145,1422,253,1202]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF3FF98FF0814C0FB86AFB9" blockId="7.[143,1090,196,218]" box="[143,1090,196,218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF3FF98FF0814C0FF2DAFBA" bold="true" box="[143,233,196,217]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric characterization of the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7CB4D27FFF3FF98FC8214C0FC60AFB9" authority="Xu & Ma & Li & Bourland & Petroni & Luo & Song, 2022" authorityName="Xu & Ma & Li & Bourland & Petroni & Luo & Song" authorityYear="2022" box="[773,932,196,218]" family="Clampidae" genus="Clampia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="sinica" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF3FF98FC8214C0FC60AFB9" box="[773,932,196,218]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Clampia sinica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="598C57CDFFF3FF98FC2D14C0FB86AFB9" box="[938,1090,196,218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF3FF98FF1614F9FA4AABD1" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<table id="02CBC404FFF30060FF1614F9FA4AABD1" box="[145,1422,253,1202]" gridcols="8" gridrows="31" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF1614F9FA4AAE77" box="[145,1422,253,276]" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF1614F9FD8BAE77" box="[145,591,253,276]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF3FF98FF1614F9FECDAE70" bold="true" box="[145,265,253,275]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Character</emphasis>
|
||
*
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B14F9FD02AE77" box="[668,710,253,276]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Min</th>
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC9714F9FC8EAE77" box="[784,842,253,276]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Max</th>
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F14F9FC07AE77" box="[904,963,253,276]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Mean</th>
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A14F9FBF0AE77" box="[1037,1076,253,276]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">M</th>
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA14F9FB6EAE77" box="[1149,1194,253,276]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">SD</th>
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB7514F9FAE8AE77" box="[1266,1324,253,276]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">CV</th>
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF214F9FA4AAE77" box="[1397,1422,253,276]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF3FF98FAF214FAFA43AE70" box="[1397,1415,254,275]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">N</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161531FA4AAE28" box="[145,1422,309,331]" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161531FD8BAE28" box="[145,591,309,331]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Body, length</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1531FD02AE28" box="[668,710,309,331]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">94</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971531FC8EAE28" box="[784,842,309,331]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">156</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1531FC07AE28" box="[904,963,309,331]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">126.4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1531FBF0AE28" box="[1037,1076,309,331]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">125</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1531FB6EAE28" box="[1149,1194,309,331]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">17.1</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751531FAE8AE28" box="[1266,1324,309,331]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">13.5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21531FA4AAE28" box="[1397,1422,309,331]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161557FA4AAE0A" box="[145,1422,339,361]" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161557FD8BAE0A" box="[145,591,339,361]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Body, width</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1557FD02AE0A" box="[668,710,339,361]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">40</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971557FC8EAE0A" box="[784,842,339,361]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">89</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1557FC07AE0A" box="[904,963,339,361]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">61.4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1557FBF0AE0A" box="[1037,1076,339,361]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">65</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1557FB6EAE0A" box="[1149,1194,339,361]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">13.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751557FAE8AE0A" box="[1266,1324,339,361]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21.2</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21557FA4AAE0A" box="[1397,1422,339,361]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161575FA4AAEE4" box="[145,1422,369,391]" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161575FD8BAEE4" box="[145,591,369,391]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Body length: width, ratio</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1575FD02AEE4" box="[668,710,369,391]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971575FC8EAEE4" box="[784,842,369,391]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">2.8</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1575FC07AEE4" box="[904,963,369,391]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">2.1</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1575FBF0AEE4" box="[1037,1076,369,391]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">2</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1575FB6EAEE4" box="[1149,1194,369,391]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751575FAE8AEE4" box="[1266,1324,369,391]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">15.4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21575FA4AAEE4" box="[1397,1422,369,391]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF16158BFA4AAEC6" box="[145,1422,399,421]" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF16158BFD8BAEC6" box="[145,591,399,421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Adoral zone, length</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B158BFD02AEC6" box="[668,710,399,421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">40</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC97158BFC8EAEC6" box="[784,842,399,421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">61</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F158BFC07AEC6" box="[904,963,399,421]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">49.8</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A158BFBF0AEC6" box="[1037,1076,399,421]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">50</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA158BFB6EAEC6" box="[1149,1194,399,421]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5.2</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB75158BFAE8AEC6" box="[1266,1324,399,421]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">10.5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF2158BFA4AAEC6" box="[1397,1422,399,421]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF1615A9FA4AAEA0" box="[145,1422,429,451]" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF1615A9FD8BAEA0" box="[145,591,429,451]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Adoral membranelles, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B15A9FD02AEA0" box="[668,710,429,451]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">29</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC9715A9FC8EAEA0" box="[784,842,429,451]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">36</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F15A9FC07AEA0" box="[904,963,429,451]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">33.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A15A9FBF0AEA0" box="[1037,1076,429,451]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">33</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA15A9FB6EAEA0" box="[1149,1194,429,451]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB7515A9FAE8AEA0" box="[1266,1324,429,451]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">6.1</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF215A9FA4AAEA0" box="[1397,1422,429,451]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF1615CFFA4AAE82" box="[145,1422,459,481]" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF1615CFFD8BAE82" box="[145,591,459,481]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Buccal cirri, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B15CFFD02AE82" box="[668,710,459,481]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC9715CFFC8EAE82" box="[784,842,459,481]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F15CFFC07AE82" box="[904,963,459,481]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5.7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A15CFFBF0AE82" box="[1037,1076,459,481]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">6</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA15CFFB6EAE82" box="[1149,1194,459,481]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB7515CFFAE8AE82" box="[1266,1324,459,481]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">11.6</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF215CFFA4AAE82" box="[1397,1422,459,481]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF1615EDFA4AAE9C" box="[145,1422,489,511]" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF1615EDFD8BAE9C" box="[145,591,489,511]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Frontoventral cirri, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B15EDFD02AE9C" box="[668,710,489,511]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">10</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC9715EDFC8EAE9C" box="[784,842,489,511]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">17</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F15EDFC07AE9C" box="[904,963,489,511]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">14.5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A15EDFBF0AE9C" box="[1037,1076,489,511]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">15</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA15EDFB6EAE9C" box="[1149,1194,489,511]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB7515EDFAE8AE9C" box="[1266,1324,489,511]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">12.6</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF215EDFA4AAE9C" box="[1397,1422,489,511]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161603FA4AAD7E" box="[145,1422,519,541]" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161603FD8BAD7E" box="[145,591,519,541]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Frontoventral rows, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1603FD02AD7E" box="[668,710,519,541]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971603FC8EAD7E" box="[784,842,519,541]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1603FC07AD7E" box="[904,963,519,541]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1603FBF0AD7E" box="[1037,1076,519,541]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1603FB6EAD7E" box="[1149,1194,519,541]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751603FAE8AD7E" box="[1266,1324,519,541]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21603FA4AAD7E" box="[1397,1422,519,541]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161621FA4AAD58" box="[145,1422,549,571]" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161621FD8BAD58" box="[145,591,549,571]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Cirri in frontoventral row 1, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1621FD02AD58" box="[668,710,549,571]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971621FC8EAD58" box="[784,842,549,571]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">6</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1621FC07AD58" box="[904,963,549,571]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">4.1</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1621FBF0AD58" box="[1037,1076,549,571]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1621FB6EAD58" box="[1149,1194,549,571]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751621FAE8AD58" box="[1266,1324,549,571]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">17.5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21621FA4AAD58" box="[1397,1422,549,571]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161647FA4AAD3A" box="[145,1422,579,601]" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161647FD8BAD3A" box="[145,591,579,601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Cirri in frontoventral row 2, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1647FD02AD3A" box="[668,710,579,601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971647FC8EAD3A" box="[784,842,579,601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1647FC07AD3A" box="[904,963,579,601]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1647FBF0AD3A" box="[1037,1076,579,601]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1647FB6EAD3A" box="[1149,1194,579,601]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751647FAE8AD3A" box="[1266,1324,579,601]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">19.3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21647FA4AAD3A" box="[1397,1422,579,601]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161665FA4AAD14" box="[145,1422,609,631]" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161665FD8BAD14" box="[145,591,609,631]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Cirri in frontoventral row 3, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1665FD02AD14" box="[668,710,609,631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971665FC8EAD14" box="[784,842,609,631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1665FC07AD14" box="[904,963,609,631]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5.3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1665FBF0AD14" box="[1037,1076,609,631]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1665FB6EAD14" box="[1149,1194,609,631]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.9</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751665FAE8AD14" box="[1266,1324,609,631]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">17.1</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21665FA4AAD14" box="[1397,1422,609,631]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF16167BFA4AADF6" box="[145,1422,639,661]" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF16167BFD8BADF6" box="[145,591,639,661]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Short midvenral rows, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B167BFD02ADF6" box="[668,710,639,661]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">2</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC97167BFC8EADF6" box="[784,842,639,661]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F167BFC07ADF6" box="[904,963,639,661]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A167BFBF0ADF6" box="[1037,1076,639,661]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA167BFB6EADF6" box="[1149,1194,639,661]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB75167BFAE8ADF6" box="[1266,1324,639,661]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">18.3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF2167BFA4AADF6" box="[1397,1422,639,661]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161699FA4AADD0" box="[145,1422,669,691]" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161699FD8BADD0" box="[145,591,669,691]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Cirri in short midventral row 1, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1699FD02ADD0" box="[668,710,669,691]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971699FC8EADD0" box="[784,842,669,691]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">6</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1699FC07ADD0" box="[904,963,669,691]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1699FBF0ADD0" box="[1037,1076,669,691]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1699FB6EADD0" box="[1149,1194,669,691]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751699FAE8ADD0" box="[1266,1324,669,691]" gridcol="6" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">16.9</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21699FA4AADD0" box="[1397,1422,669,691]" gridcol="7" gridrow="13" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF1616B8FA4AADB1" box="[145,1422,700,722]" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF1616B8FD8BADB1" box="[145,591,700,722]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Cirri in short midventral row 2, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B16B8FD02ADB1" box="[668,710,700,722]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC9716B8FC8EADB1" box="[784,842,700,722]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F16B8FC07ADB1" box="[904,963,700,722]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">4.3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A16B8FBF0ADB1" box="[1037,1076,700,722]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA16B8FB6EADB1" box="[1149,1194,700,722]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB7516B8FAE8ADB1" box="[1266,1324,700,722]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">13.3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF216B8FA4AADB1" box="[1397,1422,700,722]" gridcol="7" gridrow="14" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF1616DEFA4AAD93" box="[145,1422,730,752]" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF1616DEFD8BAD93" box="[145,591,730,752]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Cirri in short midventral row 3, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B16DEFD02AD93" box="[668,710,730,752]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC9716DEFC8EAD93" box="[784,842,730,752]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F16DEFC07AD93" box="[904,963,730,752]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">4.7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A16DEFBF0AD93" box="[1037,1076,730,752]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA16DEFB6EAD93" box="[1149,1194,730,752]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB7516DEFAE8AD93" box="[1266,1324,730,752]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">20.8</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF216DEFA4AAD93" box="[1397,1422,730,752]" gridcol="7" gridrow="15" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">18</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF1616FCFA4AAC6D" box="[145,1422,760,782]" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF1616FCFD8BAC6D" box="[145,591,760,782]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Cirri in short midventral row 4, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B16FCFD02AC6D" box="[668,710,760,782]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC9716FCFC8EAC6D" box="[784,842,760,782]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F16FCFC07AC6D" box="[904,963,760,782]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A16FCFBF0AC6D" box="[1037,1076,760,782]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA16FCFB6EAC6D" box="[1149,1194,760,782]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB7516FCFAE8AC6D" box="[1266,1324,760,782]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF216FCFA4AAC6D" box="[1397,1422,760,782]" gridcol="7" gridrow="16" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161712FA4AAC4F" box="[145,1422,790,812]" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161712FD8BAC4F" box="[145,591,790,812]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Long midventral rows, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1712FD02AC4F" box="[668,710,790,812]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">2</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971712FC8EAC4F" box="[784,842,790,812]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">2</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1712FC07AC4F" box="[904,963,790,812]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">2.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1712FBF0AC4F" box="[1037,1076,790,812]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">2</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1712FB6EAC4F" box="[1149,1194,790,812]" gridcol="5" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751712FAE8AC4F" box="[1266,1324,790,812]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21712FA4AAC4F" box="[1397,1422,790,812]" gridcol="7" gridrow="17" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161730FA4AAC29" box="[145,1422,820,842]" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161730FD8BAC29" box="[145,591,820,842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Cirri in left long midventral row, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1730FD02AC29" box="[668,710,820,842]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">22</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971730FC8EAC29" box="[784,842,820,842]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">34</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1730FC07AC29" box="[904,963,820,842]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">27.6</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1730FBF0AC29" box="[1037,1076,820,842]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">28</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1730FB6EAC29" box="[1149,1194,820,842]" gridcol="5" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3.1</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751730FAE8AC29" box="[1266,1324,820,842]" gridcol="6" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">11.3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21730FA4AAC29" box="[1397,1422,820,842]" gridcol="7" gridrow="18" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161756FA4AAC0B" box="[145,1422,850,872]" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161756FD8BAC0B" box="[145,591,850,872]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Cirri in right long midventral row, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1756FD02AC0B" box="[668,710,850,872]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">28</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971756FC8EAC0B" box="[784,842,850,872]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">48</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1756FC07AC0B" box="[904,963,850,872]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">39.8</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1756FBF0AC0B" box="[1037,1076,850,872]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">40</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1756FB6EAC0B" box="[1149,1194,850,872]" gridcol="5" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5.2</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751756FAE8AC0B" box="[1266,1324,850,872]" gridcol="6" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">13.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21756FA4AAC0B" box="[1397,1422,850,872]" gridcol="7" gridrow="19" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161774FA4AACE5" box="[145,1422,880,902]" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161774FD8BACE5" box="[145,591,880,902]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Transverse cirri, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1774FD02ACE5" box="[668,710,880,902]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971774FC8EACE5" box="[784,842,880,902]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">9</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1774FC07ACE5" box="[904,963,880,902]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">6.9</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1774FBF0ACE5" box="[1037,1076,880,902]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1774FB6EACE5" box="[1149,1194,880,902]" gridcol="5" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751774FAE8ACE5" box="[1266,1324,880,902]" gridcol="6" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">14.4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21774FA4AACE5" box="[1397,1422,880,902]" gridcol="7" gridrow="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF16178AFA4AACC7" box="[145,1422,910,932]" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF16178AFD8BACC7" box="[145,591,910,932]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Left marginal cirri, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B178AFD02ACC7" box="[668,710,910,932]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">24</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC97178AFC8EACC7" box="[784,842,910,932]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">42</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F178AFC07ACC7" box="[904,963,910,932]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">34.7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A178AFBF0ACC7" box="[1037,1076,910,932]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">34</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA178AFB6EACC7" box="[1149,1194,910,932]" gridcol="5" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">4.4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB75178AFAE8ACC7" box="[1266,1324,910,932]" gridcol="6" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">12.7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF2178AFA4AACC7" box="[1397,1422,910,932]" gridcol="7" gridrow="21" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF1617A8FA4AACA1" box="[145,1422,940,962]" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF1617A8FD8BACA1" box="[145,591,940,962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Right marginal cirri, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B17A8FD02ACA1" box="[668,710,940,962]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">26</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC9717A8FC8EACA1" box="[784,842,940,962]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">44</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F17A8FC07ACA1" box="[904,963,940,962]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">37.4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A17A8FBF0ACA1" box="[1037,1076,940,962]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">39</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA17A8FB6EACA1" box="[1149,1194,940,962]" gridcol="5" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5.4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB7517A8FAE8ACA1" box="[1266,1324,940,962]" gridcol="6" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">14.3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF217A8FA4AACA1" box="[1397,1422,940,962]" gridcol="7" gridrow="22" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF1617CEFA4AAC83" box="[145,1422,970,992]" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF1617CEFD8BAC83" box="[145,591,970,992]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Dorsal kineties, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B17CEFD02AC83" box="[668,710,970,992]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC9717CEFC8EAC83" box="[784,842,970,992]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F17CEFC07AC83" box="[904,963,970,992]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A17CEFBF0AC83" box="[1037,1076,970,992]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA17CEFB6EAC83" box="[1149,1194,970,992]" gridcol="5" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB7517CEFAE8AC83" box="[1266,1324,970,992]" gridcol="6" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF217CEFA4AAC83" box="[1397,1422,970,992]" gridcol="7" gridrow="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF1617ECFA4AAC9D" box="[145,1422,1000,1022]" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF1617ECFD8BAC9D" box="[145,591,1000,1022]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Extra dorsal bristles, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B17ECFD02AC9D" box="[668,710,1000,1022]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC9717ECFC8EAC9D" box="[784,842,1000,1022]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F17ECFC07AC9D" box="[904,963,1000,1022]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A17ECFBF0AC9D" box="[1037,1076,1000,1022]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA17ECFB6EAC9D" box="[1149,1194,1000,1022]" gridcol="5" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">1.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB7517ECFAE8AC9D" box="[1266,1324,1000,1022]" gridcol="6" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">216.4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF217ECFA4AAC9D" box="[1397,1422,1000,1022]" gridcol="7" gridrow="24" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161002FA4AAB7F" box="[145,1422,1030,1052]" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161002FD8BAB7F" box="[145,591,1030,1052]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Dorsal kinety 1, number of bristles</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1002FD02AB7F" box="[668,710,1030,1052]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">13</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971002FC8EAB7F" box="[784,842,1030,1052]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">22</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1002FC07AB7F" box="[904,963,1030,1052]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">17.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1002FBF0AB7F" box="[1037,1076,1030,1052]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">17</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1002FB6EAB7F" box="[1149,1194,1030,1052]" gridcol="5" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">2.5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751002FAE8AB7F" box="[1266,1324,1030,1052]" gridcol="6" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">14.7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21002FA4AAB7F" box="[1397,1422,1030,1052]" gridcol="7" gridrow="25" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161020FA4AAB59" box="[145,1422,1060,1082]" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161020FD8BAB59" box="[145,591,1060,1082]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Dorsal kinety 2, number of bristles</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1020FD02AB59" box="[668,710,1060,1082]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">16</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971020FC8EAB59" box="[784,842,1060,1082]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">25</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1020FC07AB59" box="[904,963,1060,1082]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">20.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1020FBF0AB59" box="[1037,1076,1060,1082]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">20</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1020FB6EAB59" box="[1149,1194,1060,1082]" gridcol="5" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">2.3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751020FAE8AB59" box="[1266,1324,1060,1082]" gridcol="6" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">11.5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21020FA4AAB59" box="[1397,1422,1060,1082]" gridcol="7" gridrow="26" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161046FA4AAB3B" box="[145,1422,1090,1112]" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161046FD8BAB3B" box="[145,591,1090,1112]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Dorsal kinety 3, number of bristles</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1046FD02AB3B" box="[668,710,1090,1112]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">15</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971046FC8EAB3B" box="[784,842,1090,1112]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">25</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1046FC07AB3B" box="[904,963,1090,1112]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21.4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1046FBF0AB3B" box="[1037,1076,1090,1112]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">22</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1046FB6EAB3B" box="[1149,1194,1090,1112]" gridcol="5" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">2.2</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751046FAE8AB3B" box="[1266,1324,1090,1112]" gridcol="6" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">10.5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21046FA4AAB3B" box="[1397,1422,1090,1112]" gridcol="7" gridrow="27" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">19</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161064FA4AAB15" box="[145,1422,1120,1142]" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161064FD8BAB15" box="[145,591,1120,1142]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Macronuclear nodules, number</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1064FD02AB15" box="[668,710,1120,1142]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">54</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971064FC8EAB15" box="[784,842,1120,1142]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">113</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1064FC07AB15" box="[904,963,1120,1142]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">85.0</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1064FBF0AB15" box="[1037,1076,1120,1142]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">85</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1064FB6EAB15" box="[1149,1194,1120,1142]" gridcol="5" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">16.3</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751064FAE8AB15" box="[1266,1324,1120,1142]" gridcol="6" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">19.2</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21064FA4AAB15" box="[1397,1422,1120,1142]" gridcol="7" gridrow="28" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF16107AFA4AABF7" box="[145,1422,1150,1172]" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF16107AFD8BABF7" box="[145,591,1150,1172]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Macronuclear nodule, length†</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B107AFD02ABF7" box="[668,710,1150,1172]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">6</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC97107AFC8EABF7" box="[784,842,1150,1172]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">19</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F107AFC07ABF7" box="[904,963,1150,1172]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">10.4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A107AFBF0ABF7" box="[1037,1076,1150,1172]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">10</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA107AFB6EABF7" box="[1149,1194,1150,1172]" gridcol="5" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">3.8</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB75107AFAE8ABF7" box="[1266,1324,1150,1172]" gridcol="6" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">36.7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF2107AFA4AABF7" box="[1397,1422,1150,1172]" gridcol="7" gridrow="29" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEFB34E6FFF30060FF161098FA4AABD1" box="[145,1422,1180,1202]" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<th id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FF161098FD8BABD1" box="[145,591,1180,1202]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Macronuclear nodule, width†</th>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FD1B1098FD02ABD1" box="[668,710,1180,1202]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">2</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC971098FC8EABD1" box="[784,842,1180,1202]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">8</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FC0F1098FC07ABD1" box="[904,963,1180,1202]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB8A1098FBF0ABD1" box="[1037,1076,1180,1202]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FBFA1098FB6EABD1" box="[1149,1194,1180,1202]" gridcol="5" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">1.8</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FB751098FAE8ABD1" box="[1266,1324,1180,1202]" gridcol="6" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">39.9</td>
|
||
<td id="8D2A5D9AFFF30060FAF21098FA4AABD1" box="[1397,1422,1180,1202]" gridcol="7" gridrow="30" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">21</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<tableNote id="8D2D372AFFF3FF98FF1610D8FE78AA4E" pageId="7" pageNumber="95" targetBox="[145,1422,253,1202]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF3FF98FF1610D8FCD5AB8F" blockId="7.[145,1425,1244,1325]" box="[145,785,1244,1261]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">*All data are based on protargol-stained specimens. Measurements in µm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF3FF98FF1610F5FD15AA61" blockId="7.[145,1425,1244,1325]" box="[145,721,1265,1282]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">†Macronucleus nodules were selected randomly in each individual.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF3FF98FF161102FE78AA4E" blockId="7.[145,1425,1244,1325]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Abbreviations: CV, coefficient of variation in %; M, median; Max, maximum; Mean, arithmetic mean; Min, minimum;
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF3FF98FB301103FB02AA74" box="[1207,1222,1287,1303]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">N</emphasis>
|
||
, number of specimens measured; SD, standard deviation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</tableNote>
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF3FF98FF161156FCBCA9F9" blockId="7.[145,762,1362,1906]" lastBlockId="7.[809,1426,1362,1691]" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Stomatogenesis: In the earliest divider observed, several groups of closely spaced basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe are developed near the rightmost short midventral row and by dedifferentiation of some posterior cirri of MV n–1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF3FF98FF4A11E8FEE2A962" box="[205,294,1516,1538]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Figs 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF3FF98FEB311E8FE90A961" box="[308,340,1516,1538]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows). In the early-middle stage, the parental undulating membranes disorganize and develop into the undulating membranes anlage (UMA) in the proter, while the parental adoral zone of membranelles remains unchanged. Simultaneously, in the opisthe, the oral primordium gives rise to new adoral membranelles, to the right of which appears the streak-like UMA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF3FF98FEE412C6FE72A9BB" box="[355,438,1730,1752]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subsequently, the proter’s oral primordium appears near the posterior end of UMA (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF3FF98FF5C1304FEECA875" box="[219,296,1792,1814]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
, double arrowheads). At the middle stage, in both proter and opisthe, UMA splits longitudinally to form the paroral and endoral membranes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF3FF98FD1D1339FD37A831" box="[666,755,1853,1875]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Figs 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF3FF98FF16135FFF75A812" box="[145,177,1883,1905]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows), with differentiation commencing at the anterior end to form the leftmost frontoventral row (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF3FF98FCB61175FC4CAAE5" box="[817,904,1393,1415]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Figs 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF3FF98FC121175FC71AAE4" box="[917,949,1393,1415]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
, double arrowheads). Simultaneously, the oral primordium of the proter moves to the proximal end of parental adoral zone of membranelles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF3FF98FABE11AAFA4FAAA7" box="[1337,1419,1454,1476]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowhead). From middle to late stage, the posterior portion of parental adoral zone of membranelles is partly renewed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF3FF98FC75120EFB8EA943" box="[1010,1098,1546,1568]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrow). At the same time, the new adoral zone of membranelles of the opisthe continues to differentiate posteriad and anterior part of the adoral zone bends towards the right (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF3FF98FA9A1262FA4EA91F" box="[1309,1418,1638,1660]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Figs 4I, L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF3FF98FCAE1281FCACA9F9" box="[809,872,1669,1691]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5E, G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFF3FF96FCAE12B8FE5CAC42" blockId="7.[809,1425,1724,1899]" lastBlockId="9.[145,762,197,802]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFF3FF98FCAE12B8FB5DA9B2" box="[809,1177,1724,1745]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Frontoventral-transverse cirri:</emphasis>
|
||
At the early-middle stages, seven to nine streak-like frontoventraltransverse cirral anlagen (FVTA) are formed in both proter and opisthe, of which the two rightmost anlagen are separated from the others (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF3FF98FB071332FB14A82F" box="[1152,1232,1846,1868]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">Figs 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFF3FF98FB5B1332FAD3A82F" box="[1244,1303,1846,1868]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="95">5B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterior portion of the short parental frontoventral rows is likely to take part in the formation of proter’s FVTA. In both proter and opisthe, parental cirri in MV n disaggregate to develop the FVTA n–1 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFFDFF96FE4E1506FDF8AE7B" box="[457,572,258,280]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Fig. 5B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrows), which forms the new MV n–1. The origin of FVTA n (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFFDFF96FD4B1525FF16AE36" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Fig. 5B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowheads) is not clear and it may develop
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFFDFF96FF16155AFF29AE17" box="[145,237,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">de novo</emphasis>
|
||
or, alternatively, it may split off from the FVTA n–1 anlage at an early stage. Subsequently, the streaks broaden, break apart and migrate to their final positions during cytokinesis. Cirri develop as follows: FVTA I (= UMA) forms the leftmost frontoventral row and the new undulating membranes; FVTA II forms the middle frontoventral row, four to seven buccal cirri, and the leftmost transverse cirrus; FVTA III forms the rightmost frontoventral row and one transverse cirrus; FVTA IV to FVTA n–2 each forms one short midventral row and one transverse cirrus, respectively; FVTA n–1 forms MV n–1 and the penultimate transverse cirrus; FVTA n forms MV n and the rightmost transverse cirrus. The absorption of old cirri occurs during the morphogenetic process.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="24B4662CFFFCFF97FF241174FCCDA85D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="96" startId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" targetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFFCFF97FF241174FCCDA85D" blockId="8.[163,1444,1392,1854]" pageId="8" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFFCFF97FF241174FEC8AAE6" bold="true" box="[163,268,1392,1414]" pageId="8" pageNumber="96">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
Morphogenesis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B7CB4D27FFFCFF97FE511174FDB2AAE5" authority="Xu & Ma & Li & Bourland & Petroni & Luo & Song, 2022" authorityName="Xu & Ma & Li & Bourland & Petroni & Luo & Song" authorityYear="2022" box="[470,630,1392,1414]" family="Clampidae" genus="Clampia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="96" rank="species" species="sinica" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFFCFF97FE511174FDB2AAE5" box="[470,630,1392,1414]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="96">Clampia sinica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="598C57CDFFFCFF97FDFA1174FCD3AAE5" box="[637,791,1392,1414]" pageId="8" pageNumber="96" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFFDFF96FF161746FD77AB73" blockId="9.[145,761,834,1040]" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFFDFF96FF161746FE9CAC3B" box="[145,344,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Marginal rows:</emphasis>
|
||
Two marginal anlagen develop intrakinetally within each parental marginal row (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFFDFF96FF1D1784FF33ACF6" box="[154,247,896,918]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Figs 4G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFFDFF96FE811784FEE2ACF5" box="[262,294,896,918]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). These commence asynchronously, i.e. one of the anlagen appears first (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFFDFF96FD8B179AFDA4ACD7" box="[524,608,926,948]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Figs 4F</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowheads, 5C). These anlagen then increase in size and develop into new cirri that eventually replace the old ones in both proter and opisthe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFFDFF96FE2C17FEFDF2AB73" box="[427,566,1018,1040]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Figs 4G, I, L</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFFDFF96FDC417FEFD60AB73" box="[579,676,1018,1040]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">5E, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFFDFF96FF161035FDFFAA7D" blockId="9.[145,762,1073,1310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFFDFF96FF161035FE8DAB25" box="[145,329,1073,1094]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Dorsal kineties:</emphasis>
|
||
Two anlagen develop intrakinetally in each parental row, which then stretch towards both ends of the cell and develop into new structures along with the incorporation or absorption of parental structures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFFDFF96FEAF10A8FE40ABA2" box="[296,388,1196,1218]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Figs 4J</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFFDFF96FE1110A8FDC4ABA2" box="[406,512,1196,1218]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">5D, F, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). In some dividers, there are two or three extra dorsal bristles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFFDFF96FD1B10CEFD37AB83" box="[668,755,1226,1248]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
|
||
, arrowheads) near the anterior end of RMA. No caudal cirri were formed during ontogenesis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="707436A4FFFDFF96FF16113AFE4FAA8E" blockId="9.[145,760,1342,1518]" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis id="42BFEAB6FFFDFF96FF16113AFE48AA37" box="[145,396,1342,1364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Nuclear apparatus:</emphasis>
|
||
Macronuclear nodules fuse into many masses in the early-middle stage of morphogenesis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFFDFF96FED61178FE62AAF1" box="[337,422,1404,1426]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
), and then fuse into a single mass (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFFDFF96FF58119EFEF1AAD3" box="[223,309,1434,1456]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
), which subsequently divides several times to form new structures for both proter and opisthe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFFDFF96FF7511DCFE88AA8E" box="[242,332,1496,1518]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[163,241,1072,1094]" captionTargetBox="[165,1446,196,1030]" captionTargetId="figure-243@6.[163,1446,195,1032]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4. Photomicrographs of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, ventral view of the infraciliature of the holotype specimen. B, ventral view of the anterior portion, to show frontoventral rows, short midventral rows, long midventral rows, and undulating membranes. Cirri are linked according to anlagen. C, dorsal view of the anterior portion, to show the dorsal kineties. D, ventral view of the middle portion, showing macronuclear nodules (arrowhead) and an ingested small-sized ciliate (arrow). E, ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. F, ventral view of an early-middle divider, arrows show anlage n and n–1, arrowheads mark marginal anlagen. G, ventral view of a middle divider. At this stage the macronuclear nodules have fused into a single mass, arrows show the newly formed undulating membranes, double arrowheads mark the anteriormost cirrus of the first frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlage. H, a middle-late divider, showing the fission of macronuclear nodules and micronuclei (arrows). I, J, ventral (I) and dorsal (J) view of a middle-late divider to show one transverse cirrus formed at the rear end of each frontoventral-transverse cirral anlage and the newly formed dorsal kineties (arrowheads). K, dorsal view of a late divider, arrow marks two extra bristles at the anterior end of the right marginal anlage. L, ventral view of a late divider, arrows show two long midventral rows, arrowheads show transverse cirri. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; BC, buccal cirri; DK1–3, dorsal kineties; e, endoral membrane; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; p, paroral membrane; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri. Scale bars: 50 µm (A), 30 µm (B–L)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034940" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034940/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">Figs 4H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8F02A21FFFDFF96FEDE11DCFEBFAA8D" box="[345,379,1496,1518]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="8.[163,242,1392,1414]" captionTargetBox="[166,1443,197,1349]" captionTargetId="figure-26@8.[163,1446,195,1352]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 5. Morphogenesis of Clampia sinica gen. et sp. nov. after protargol staining. A, portion of ventral view of an early divider, arrows show the basal body patches forming the oral primordium of the opisthe. B, ventral view of an earlymiddle divider to show the frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, arrows denote the anlage n–1 which forms the left long midventral row, arrowheads denote the anlage n that develops into the right long midventral row. C, D, ventral (C) and dorsal (D) view of an early-middle divider, showing marginal anlagen and dorsal kineties anlagen developed intrakinetally, arrows and arrowheads mark the anlage n–1 and anlage n respectively, double arrowheads denote the proter’s oral primordium. E, F, ventral (E) and dorsal (F) view of a middle divider to show the differentiated frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen, the macronuclear nodules fused into a single mass, the separation of undulating membranes (arrows), the proter’s oral primordium (arrowhead in E), and dorsal kineties anlagen (arrowheads in F), double arrowheads mark the leftmost frontoventral row generated from the undulating membranes anlagen, dashed areas denote buccal cirral rows. G, H, ventral (G) and dorsal (H) view of a late divider, showing all the cirri almost in their final positions, which are linked according to anlagen. Arrow shows the partly renewed adoral zone of membranelles of proter, arrowheads mark extra dorsal bristles. Abbreviations: AZM, adoral zone of membranelles; DKA1–3, dorsal kineties anlagen; e, endoral membrane; LMA, left marginal anlagen; LMR, left marginal row; Ma, macronuclear nodules; MV n and n–1, long midventral rows; OP, oral primordia; p, paroral membrane; RMA, right marginal anlagen; RMR, right marginal row; TC, transverse cirri; I–VI, frontoventral-transverse cirral anlagen. Scale bars: 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7034942" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7034942/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="97">5H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |