1261 lines
226 KiB
XML
1261 lines
226 KiB
XML
<document id="37DAC6079CC4214A7883AA9418B0F05C" ID-CLB-Dataset="7076" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4964.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e12ede0d-6b37-44c2-adcd-dfcaeaf47c99" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4706613" ID-ZooBank="41D36DDA-7A84-4828-A1F6-2C692EAF9EEB" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1618985164003" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mooi, Rich & Noordenburg, Henk Van" docDate="2021" docId="F824CF39A31D817EFF1FFC6DB092F84E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4964.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4964 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Clypeaster brigitteae Mooi & Noordenburg 2021, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="18" masterDocId="041DB741A315816FFF88FF9BB507FF98" masterDocTitle="A new species and comparative morphology of Philippine sea biscuits (Echinoidea Clypeaster)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698937287246" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods id="FCEB3FA0AD1DF505A917340C3F75C83A" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E4EDD96E830067509D43E05F9F5CF643">
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<mods:title id="4B36384DD14ED14AB7DEC5DB145725C0">A new species and comparative morphology of Philippine sea biscuits (Echinoidea Clypeaster)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="36A474D360D8B11599E776ABF2143481" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="7341A668792C0632BE5CDE7E3071F05B">Mooi, Rich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="80248E33ED16FBF1B0C6266EF2782D6A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E3D91F4D543D199D676588FAADC8F69A">Noordenburg, Henk Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D7EF099C2D2E67BD4ECA4757CBCE1798">Schaapherder 16, 3834 CK Leusden, the Netherlands,</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="96B035CE79E35B2CACE332F24BB452F4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="53C2F5998668CD7C2F773C8F64094CD7">
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<mods:date id="2C9A8B732CDBA1BD95CDDE1B8334E6B2">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7500F8A32E172D77E5AA39933CA4AEA8">2021-04-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="782B86E661F44731D6E27F2047A60854">4964</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="2832E69CF36CB2AAFBCE564BAA5E140C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4964.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F824CF39A31D817EFF1FFC6DB092F84E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4740738" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181875015" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4740738" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F824CF39A31D817EFF1FFC6DB092F84E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F824CF39A31D817EFF1FFC6DB092F84E" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection id="38972DA4A31D8167FF1FFC6DB4DEFB89" box="[151,473,1014,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="70327E2FA31D8167FF1FFC6DB4DEFB89" blockId="8.[151,473,1014,1077]" box="[151,473,1014,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<heading id="2B7AC943A31D8167FF1FFC6DB4DEFB89" bold="true" box="[151,473,1014,1041]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31D8167FF1FFC6DB4DEFB89" bold="true" box="[151,473,1014,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31D8167FF1FFC6DB497FB89" authority="Mooi & Noordenburg, 2021" authorityName="Mooi & Noordenburg" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,400,1014,1041]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brigitteae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31D8167FF1FFC6DB497FB89" bold="true" box="[151,400,1014,1041]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Clypeaster brigitteae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="59CA1F46A31D8167FE1FFC6CB4DEFB89" box="[407,473,1015,1041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="38972DA4A31D8167FF1FFB80B4CBFBAD" box="[151,460,1050,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph id="70327E2FA31D8167FF1FFB80B4CBFBAD" blockId="8.[151,473,1014,1077]" box="[151,460,1050,1077]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31D8167FF1FFB80B419FBAD" box="[151,286,1051,1077]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStart-4="FIGURE 7" captionStart-5="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionStartId-1="14.[151,250,1741,1765]" captionStartId-2="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionStartId-3="19.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionStartId-4="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionStartId-5="21.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetBox-2="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetBox-3="[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetBox-4="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetBox-5="[173,1410,195,1784]" captionTargetId-0="figure-194@10.[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetId-1="figure-25@14.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetId-2="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetId-3="figure-21@19.[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetId-4="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetId-5="figure-21@21.[151,1436,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="14" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionTargetPageId-3="19" captionTargetPageId-4="20" captionTargetPageId-5="21" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., different views of holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., paratype CASIZ 234821, Balicasag Island, Bohol, Philippines, 88.7 mm TL, photographs of aboral surface morphology of cleaned but not bleached specimen, painted with 50% glycerine in 95% ethanol. A: Detail of apical system. B: Petal in ambulacrum III. C: Petal in ambulacrum IV, specimen rotated to place distal part of petal and ambitus at top. D: Detail of distal portion of petal in ambulacrum IV." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., photographs of internal structure and Aristotle’s lantern. A–E, G, and H show preparations from cleaned but not bleached specimen from paratype CASIZ 234826, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 70.1 mm TL, F shows bleached preparation from paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL. A: Aboral view of specimen in which aboral surface was cut away, Aristotle’s lantern still in place. B: Aboral view of preparation in A, Aristotle’s lantern removed. C: Direct view of left side of preparation in A. D: Slightly oblique, left side view of preparation in B. Box indicates area shown in E. E: Magnified, oblique, left side view of inner surface of portion of interambulacrum 4 and ambulacrum V showing bars, walls, pillars and needles. F: Section through test along perradius showing pillars and needles. G: Slightly oblique, left side view of Aristotle’s lantern from preparation shown in A and C. H: Direct posterior view of Aristotle’s lantern shown in G." captionText-4="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." captionText-5="FIGURE 8. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., bleached pedicellarial valves and stems from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL. A: Series of valves from same ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. B: Stem of ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. C: Valve of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. D: Stem of of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. E: Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. F: Valve, magnified view of valve, and stem of triphyllous pedicellaria from oral surface." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706619" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706621" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706625" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706629" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4706619/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4706621/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4706625/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4706629/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figures 3–8</figureCitation>
|
||
, tables 2–5, 11.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38972DA4A31D8167FF1FFBF9B081FA5A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31D8167FF1FFBF9B7D7FA95" blockId="8.[151,1437,1122,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31D8167FF1FFBF9B415FBE4" bold="true" box="[151,274,1122,1148]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Among all known extant taxa, very few
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31D8167FD54FBF8B6AAFBE5" box="[732,941,1123,1149]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31D8167FD54FBF8B652FBE5" box="[732,853,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess completely unique features (i.e. autapomorphies). Therefore, early workers used unique combinations of relatively conspicuous features to diagnose new species, and this is also the approach here. Nevertheless, among the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31D8167FC67FB30B1C4FB5D" box="[1007,1219,1195,1221]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31D8167FC67FB30B16FFB5D" box="[1007,1128,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="089A3EBFA31D8167FF1FFB54B41FFB71" box="[151,280,1231,1257]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31D8167FEACFB54B715FB71" authority="Mooi & Noordenburg, 2021" authorityName="Mooi & Noordenburg" authorityYear="2021" box="[292,530,1231,1257]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brigitteae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31D8167FEACFB54B715FB71" box="[292,530,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Clypeaster brigitteae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31D8167FD92FB54B75EFB71" bold="true" box="[538,601,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59CA1F46A31D8167FD92FB54B75EFB71" box="[538,601,1231,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is unique with respect to certain characters, and these are marked with an asterisk in the following list of relevant characters:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31D8167FF4FFA8CB081FA5A" blockId="8.[151,1437,1122,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31D8167FF4FFA8CB447FAA9" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[199,320,1303,1329]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31D8167FF4FFA8CB447FAA9" box="[199,320,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with all petals widely open*; fewer than 9 respiratory pore pairs counted within a section
|
||
<quantity id="B775D3CAA31D8167FAD1FA8DB09AFAA9" box="[1369,1437,1302,1329]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long along the length of single column in each petal; only 1 or 2 primary tubercles in poriferous zone between adjacent respiratory pore pairs*; interambulacral basicoronals separated from first pair of post-basicoronals by two plates from each adjacent ambulacrum; single occluded distal plate (very rarely two) in petal*; aboral primary tubercles not densely distributed (only about 50/cm
|
||
<superScript id="87F8D367A31D8167FDBDFA3DB73AFA2C" attach="left" box="[565,573,1446,1460]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">2</superScript>
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||
)*; valves of ophicephalous large (largest of trio usually about
|
||
<quantity id="B775D3CAA31D8167FB61FA3CB039FA59" box="[1257,1342,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="400.0">400 µm</quantity>
|
||
long).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38972DA4A31D8167FF4FFA50B684F925" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="70327E2FA31D8167FF4FFA50B684F925" blockId="8.[151,1437,1122,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31D8167FF4FFA50B74CFA7C" bold="true" box="[199,587,1482,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type and other material studied.</emphasis>
|
||
A total of
|
||
<specimenCount id="668BB5A6A31D8167FD48FA50B65FFA7D" box="[704,856,1483,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">12 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D0F4B94A31D8167FCEDFA50B6BCFA7D" box="[869,955,1483,1509]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,496,522]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 2. Data for all studied specimens of Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., listed in order of increasing TL. For abbreviations, see text. — = missing data." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24F22EA7A316816CFF1FFE6BB3E9FD92" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="24F22EA7A316816CFF1FFE6BB3E9FD92">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), consisting of a
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C0E57472A31D8167FBF0FA50B68DF991" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107297304" collectionCode="CASIZ" country="Philippines" location="Mactan Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="CASIZ 234824" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cebu" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA31D8167FBF0FA50B1DDFA7D" box="[1144,1242,1483,1509]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="202BD654A31D8167FB60FA50B09FFA7D" box="[1256,1432,1483,1509]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CASIZ 234824</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="755228F4A31D8167FF1FFA74B439F991" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F824CF39A31D817EFF1FFC6DB092F84E:755228F4A31D8167FF1FFA74B439F991" box="[151,318,1519,1545]" country="Philippines" name="Mactan Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Cebu">Mactan Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B249B0CDA31D8167FEC7FA74B48AF991" box="[335,397,1519,1545]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cebu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="089A3EBFA31D8167FE15FA74B71AF992" box="[413,541,1519,1546]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
) and 11 individually cataloged
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C0E57472A31D8167FC1FFA74B678F925" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107297302" collectionCode="CASIZ" country="Philippines" county="See" location="Balicasag Island" municipality="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCode="CASIZ 187409, 187411, 187450, 234819-234823, 234825-234827" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bohol" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA31D8167FC1FFA74B105F991" box="[919,1026,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="202BD654A31D8167FB9DFA74B1CCF991" box="[1045,1227,1519,1545]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">CASIZ 187409</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="202BD654A31D8167FB53FA74B036F991" box="[1243,1329,1519,1545]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">187411</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="202BD654A31D8167FAC9FA75B09FF991" box="[1345,1432,1518,1545]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">187450</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="202BD654A31D8167FF1FF988B457F9B5" box="[151,336,1555,1581]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">234819–234823</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="202BD654A31D8167FED5F989B711F9B5" box="[349,534,1554,1581]" collectionCode="CASIZ" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">234825–234827</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="755228F4A31D8167FDABF988B7D8F9B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F824CF39A31D817EFF1FFC6DB092F84E:755228F4A31D8167FDABF988B7D8F9B5" box="[547,735,1555,1581]" country="Philippines" county="See" municipality="California Academy of Sciences" name="Balicasag Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Bohol">Balicasag Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B249B0CDA31D8167FD65F988B636F9B5" box="[749,817,1555,1581]" country="Philippines" name="Bohol" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Bohol</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<location id="755228F4A31D8167FCE3F988B6FFF9B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F824CF39A31D817EFF1FFC6DB092F84E:755228F4A31D8167FCE3F988B6FFF9B5" box="[875,1016,1555,1581]" country="Philippines" county="See" municipality="California Academy of Sciences" name="Balut Island" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Bohol">Balut Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="755228F4A31D8167FB8DF988B17EF9B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F824CF39A31D817EFF1FFC6DB092F84E:755228F4A31D8167FB8DF988B17EF9B5" box="[1029,1145,1555,1581]" country="Philippines" county="See" municipality="California Academy of Sciences" name="Mindanao" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" stateProvince="Bohol">Mindanao</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="089A3EBFA31D8167FB0EF988B00EF9B6" box="[1158,1289,1555,1582]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
), were available for study, obtained in a donation to the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="9056E455A31D8167FD07F9ACB6FBF9C9" box="[655,1020,1591,1617]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">California Academy of Sciences</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
by the second author in 2008–2009, or purchased with export permits by the first author through online dealers in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="089A3EBFA31D8167FBC0F9C0B1CDF9ED" box="[1096,1226,1627,1653]" name="Philippines" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingCounty id="995306A3A31D8167FB5EF9C0B1F9F9ED" box="[1238,1278,1627,1653]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">See</collectingCounty>
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D0F4B94A31D8167FA8FF9C0B05BF9ED" box="[1287,1372,1627,1653]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,496,522]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 2. Data for all studied specimens of Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., listed in order of increasing TL. For abbreviations, see text. — = missing data." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24F22EA7A316816CFF1FFE6BB3E9FD92" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="24F22EA7A316816CFF1FFE6BB3E9FD92">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
for a complete list of all material of the new species studied, repository numbers, localities and depth, condition of each specimen as of this writing, and morphometrics for major features
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38972DA4A31D8167FF4FF95CB1B3F979" box="[199,1204,1735,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31D8167FF4FF95CB1B3F979" blockId="8.[151,1437,1122,1941]" box="[199,1204,1735,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31D8167FF4FF95CB449F979" bold="true" box="[199,334,1735,1761]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is named after the late spouse of the second author, Brigitte.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38972DA4A31D8160FF4FF971B476FA59" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31D8167FF4FF971B455F80D" blockId="8.[151,1437,1122,1941]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31D8167FF4FF971B45EF89C" bold="true" box="[199,345,1770,1796]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
This description relies primarily on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA31D8167FC93F970B687F89D" box="[795,896,1771,1797]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, CASIZ 234824 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31D8167FBCFF970B192F89D" box="[1095,1173,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-194@10.[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., different views of holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706619/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31D8167FB2AF971B1C2F89D" box="[1186,1221,1770,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31D8167FB59F970B1E6F89D" box="[1233,1249,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31D8167FB65F970B1FAF89D" box="[1261,1277,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[173,1410,195,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-21@21.[151,1436,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., bleached pedicellarial valves and stems from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL. A: Series of valves from same ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. B: Stem of ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. C: Valve of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. D: Stem of of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. E: Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. F: Valve, magnified view of valve, and stem of triphyllous pedicellaria from oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706629/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, in order to maintain this specimen intact with nearly complete spination, other specimens were used in dissections and other preparations to obtain additional data and imagery (as noted in
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D0F4B94A31D8167FC2AF8A8B6F2F8D5" box="[930,1013,1843,1869]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,496,522]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 2. Data for all studied specimens of Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., listed in order of increasing TL. For abbreviations, see text. — = missing data." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24F22EA7A316816CFF1FFE6BB3E9FD92" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="24F22EA7A316816CFF1FFE6BB3E9FD92">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
and in the figure captions). Meristics and percentage calculations are from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA31D8167FDE7F8CCB7D6F8E9" box="[623,721,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
unless otherwise noted. Measurements from all specimens are given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D0F4B94A31D8167FF71F8E0B449F80D" box="[249,334,1915,1941]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,496,522]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 2. Data for all studied specimens of Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., listed in order of increasing TL. For abbreviations, see text. — = missing data." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24F22EA7A316816CFF1FFE6BB3E9FD92" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="24F22EA7A316816CFF1FFE6BB3E9FD92">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="24F22EA7A31C8166FF1FFB77B14AFAD4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706617" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4706617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706617/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" startId="9.[151,250,1260,1284]" targetBox="[164,1420,189,1226]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31C8166FF1FFB77B14AFAD4" blockId="9.[151,1436,1260,1356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31C8166FF1FFB77B412FA9C" bold="true" box="[151,277,1260,1284]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements indicated as distances between caliper jaws set at indicated points on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31C8166FB02FB77B1FFFA9C" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1801" box="[1162,1272,1260,1284]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31C8166FB02FB77B1FFFA9C" box="[1162,1272,1260,1284]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
test. For aboral and oral views, anterior is towards top of page. Roman (ambulacra) and arabic (interambulacra) numerals on oral view indicate numbering established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31C8166FE2AFAAFB737FAD4" author="Loven, S." box="[418,560,1332,1356]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 91" refId="ref17792" refString="Loven, S. (1874) Etudes sur les echinoidees. Kongelige Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 11, 1 - 91." type="journal article" year="1874">Lovén (1874)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Abbreviations as in the text (Material and Methods).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31C8166FF4FFAEEB4FDF913" blockId="9.[151,1437,1397,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA31C8166FF4FFAEEB428FA17" box="[199,303,1397,1423]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<quantity id="B775D3CAA31C8166FEBDFAEEB49EFA08" box="[309,409,1397,1424]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.379999999999999" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="93.8">93.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL (size range of type series
|
||
<quantity id="B775D3CAA31C8166FD56FAEEB687FA08" box="[734,896,1397,1424]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.865" metricValueMax="9.459999999999999" metricValueMin="6.27" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="78.65" valueMax="94.6" valueMin="62.7">62.7–94.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
TL,
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D0F4B94A31C8166FC3CFAEEB100FA17" box="[948,1031,1397,1423]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,496,522]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 2. Data for all studied specimens of Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., listed in order of increasing TL. For abbreviations, see text. — = missing data." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24F22EA7A316816CFF1FFE6BB3E9FD92" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="24F22EA7A316816CFF1FFE6BB3E9FD92">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity id="B775D3CAA31C8166FB94FAEEB178FA08" box="[1052,1151,1397,1424]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.51" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="85.1">85.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
TW,
|
||
<quantity id="B775D3CAA31C8166FB32FAEEB01AFA08" box="[1210,1309,1397,1424]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.52" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="mm" value="25.2">25.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
TH. Ambitus relatively thick, rounded, approximately 8% TL thick through point at which oral surface begins to flatten (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31C8166FAE7FA02B5A0FA4F" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-194@10.[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., different views of holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706619/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aboral surface flat near ambitus, but rising close to perimeter to form slight dome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31C8166FBD5FA26B19CFA4F" box="[1117,1179,1469,1495]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-194@10.[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., different views of holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706619/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oral surface flat near ambitus, but deeply indented upwards in centre to form well-developed infundibulum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31C8166FBEFFA7AB1ACFA63" box="[1127,1195,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-194@10.[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., different views of holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706619/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
, and see below). Test broad (TW 90.7% TL), perimeter pentangular with broadly rounded vertices in ambulacra, very shallow indentations in paired interambulacra, slightly convex in posterior interambulacrum (V). Highest point of test at centre of apical system (madreporic plate), approximately 50% TL from anterior end. TH 26.9% TL, but variable among known specimens, see
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D0F4B94A31C8166FE1FF9EAB4EAF913" box="[407,493,1649,1675]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,239,496,522]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="TABLE 2. Data for all studied specimens of Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., listed in order of increasing TL. For abbreviations, see text. — = missing data." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24F22EA7A316816CFF1FFE6BB3E9FD92" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" tableUuid="24F22EA7A316816CFF1FFE6BB3E9FD92">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31C8166FF4FF90EB400F883" blockId="9.[151,1437,1397,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31C8166FF4FF90EB463F937" box="[199,356,1685,1711]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Apical system</emphasis>
|
||
—Monobasal, pentangular (not star-shaped), 49.9% TL from ocular III to anterior edge of test, length ~6% TL, numerous hydropores scattered over slightly domed madreporic plate. Five gonopores, one in each interambulacrum, located at suture between madreporic plate and first adapical plates of interambulacral column (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31C8166FF28F89AB5FDF883" box="[160,250,1793,1819]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1741,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., paratype CASIZ 234821, Balicasag Island, Bohol, Philippines, 88.7 mm TL, photographs of aboral surface morphology of cleaned but not bleached specimen, painted with 50% glycerine in 95% ethanol. A: Detail of apical system. B: Petal in ambulacrum III. C: Petal in ambulacrum IV, specimen rotated to place distal part of petal and ambitus at top. D: Detail of distal portion of petal in ambulacrum IV." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706621/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31C8166FF4FF8BDB4A8F834" blockId="9.[151,1437,1397,2036]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31C8166FF4FF8BDB43EF8A7" box="[199,313,1830,1855]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Peristome</emphasis>
|
||
—Circular to slightly pentangular, relatively small, about 6.6% TL. Anterior edge of peristome 48.1% TL from anterior edge of test. Peristome at top of deep infundibulum that extends 12.3 % TL (46.0% TH) upward from oral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31C8166FEEEF8F6B4B3F81F" box="[358,436,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-194@10.[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., different views of holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706619/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31C8166FE49F8F6B4E0F810" box="[449,487,1901,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Numerous irregular stereom spicules embedded in peristomial membrane, but none bearing spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31C8166FECFF80AB4A5F834" box="[327,418,1937,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 7H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31C8165FF4FF82DB13AFE85" blockId="9.[151,1437,1397,2036]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,150,537]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31C8166FF4FF82DB436F857" box="[199,305,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Periproct</emphasis>
|
||
—Small, length about 4.5% TL (92.0% TL from anterior ambitus, that is to say, posterior edge of the periproct situated approximately length of periproct from ambitus on oral surface). Adoral edge of periproct in con- tact with third and fourth post-basicoronals (interambulacral plates 4a and 5b), aboral edge with fourth and fifth (5a and 6b) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31F8165FF76FF20B450FF4D" box="[254,343,186,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Periproctal membrane slightly sunken, covered in small plates (slightly larger near peristomial edge) surrounding small, central anal opening, plates bearing dense cover of miliary spines, triphyllous pedicellariae, and relatively small tridentate pedicellariae, but no primary spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31F8165FC50FE98B136FE85" box="[984,1073,258,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31F8165FF4FFEBCB404FD81" blockId="10.[151,1437,150,537]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31F8165FF4FFEBCB444FED9" box="[199,323,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ambulacra</emphasis>
|
||
—Petaloid adapically, petals broad, with pore pair columns continuously diverging or parallel distally, only slightly converging in some cases (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31F8165FD1DFED0B7E4FEFD" box="[661,739,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-194@10.[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., different views of holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706619/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31F8165FD78FED0B632FEFD" box="[752,821,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1741,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., paratype CASIZ 234821, Balicasag Island, Bohol, Philippines, 88.7 mm TL, photographs of aboral surface morphology of cleaned but not bleached specimen, painted with 50% glycerine in 95% ethanol. A: Detail of apical system. B: Petal in ambulacrum III. C: Petal in ambulacrum IV, specimen rotated to place distal part of petal and ambitus at top. D: Detail of distal portion of petal in ambulacrum IV." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706621/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">4B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ambulacra widen near ambitus in oral view, approximately twice width of interambulacra at ambitus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31F8165FD59FEF4B65EFE11" box="[721,857,366,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), most commonly with 8 to 10 plates in any given column (half-ambulacrum). Ambulacra with paired basicoronals, all in agreement with Lovén’s Rule (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31F8165FAD0FE08B415FE4A" author="David, B. & Mooi, R. & Telford, M." pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="155 - 164" refId="ref17058" refString="David, B., Mooi, R. & Telford, M. (1996) The ontogenetic basis of Loven's Rule clarifies homologies of the echinoid peristome. In: Emson, R., Smith, A. B. & Campbell, A. (Eds.), Echinoderm Research 1995. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 155 - 164." type="book chapter" year="1996">
|
||
David
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31F8165FF1FFE2CB5C8FE49" box="[151,207,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ambulacral plates Ib, IIb, IIIa, IVb, Va about 2/3 length of other plate in pair (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31F8165FB02FE2CB1E5FE49" box="[1162,1250,438,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). All ambulacral plates with densely arranged unipores scattered between spine tubercles, each unipore supporting single accessory tube foot.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="24F22EA7A31F8165FF1FF9ABB5ECF9F4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706619" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4706619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706619/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" startId="10.[151,250,1584,1608]" targetBox="[151,1436,561,1561]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31F8165FF1FF9ABB5ECF9F4" blockId="10.[151,1436,1584,1644]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31F8165FF1FF9ABB413F9D1" bold="true" box="[151,276,1584,1609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31F8165FE94F9AAB4F3F9D1" authority="Mooi & Noordenburg, 2021" authorityName="Mooi & Noordenburg" authorityYear="2021" box="[284,500,1585,1609]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brigitteae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31F8165FE94F9AAB4F3F9D1" box="[284,500,1585,1609]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Clypeaster brigitteae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31F8165FE74F9AAB731F9D1" bold="true" box="[508,566,1585,1609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59CA1F46A31F8165FE74F9AAB731F9D1" box="[508,566,1585,1609]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, different views of holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31F8164FF4FF900B78FFE11" blockId="10.[151,1437,1691,2041]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31F8165FF4FF900B40AF92D" box="[199,269,1691,1717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Petals</emphasis>
|
||
—Posterior paired petals (I and V) slightly longer than anterior paired petals (II and IV). Posterior paired petals longest relative to TL, petal V 60.0% length of corresponding test radius in planar view, but 32.5% TL; anterior paired petals next longest, petal IV 64.8% length of corresponding test radius, but 31.2% TL; anterior unpaired petal shortest, petal III 59.4% length of corresponding test radius, but 29.6% TL. Petal V width at widest point 19.0% TL, interporiferous zone 12.0% TL, distance between inner pores of distalmost respiratory pore pair in petal 14.2% TL (117.7% of maximum interporiferous zone width and a measure of the “openness” of the petal at its distal end, see Materials and Methods and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31F8165FDB8F8E8B774F815" box="[560,627,1907,1933]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,189,1226]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[158,1430,181,1236]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Measurements indicated as distances between caliper jaws set at indicated points on Clypeaster test. For aboral and oral views, anterior is towards top of page. Roman (ambulacra) and arabic (interambulacra) numerals on oral view indicate numbering established by Lovén (1874). Abbreviations as in the text (Material and Methods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706617/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); petal IV width 16.3% TL, interporiferous zone 11.2% TL, distance between inner pores of distalmost respiratory pore pair in petal 11.2% TL (100.0% of maximum interporiferous zone width and a measure of the “openness” of the petal at its distal end, see Materials and Methods and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31F8165FB63F820B02AF84D" box="[1259,1325,1979,2005]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,189,1226]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[158,1430,181,1236]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Measurements indicated as distances between caliper jaws set at indicated points on Clypeaster test. For aboral and oral views, anterior is towards top of page. Roman (ambulacra) and arabic (interambulacra) numerals on oral view indicate numbering established by Lovén (1874). Abbreviations as in the text (Material and Methods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706617/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
); petal III width 18.1% TL, interporiferous zone 11.8% TL (92.8% of maximum interporiferous zone width and a measure of the “openness” of the petal at its distal end, see Materials and Methods and
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FC69FF0CB122FF29" box="[993,1061,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1260,1284]" captionTargetBox="[164,1420,189,1226]" captionTargetId="figure-21@9.[158,1430,181,1236]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 2. Measurements indicated as distances between caliper jaws set at indicated points on Clypeaster test. For aboral and oral views, anterior is towards top of page. Roman (ambulacra) and arabic (interambulacra) numerals on oral view indicate numbering established by Lovén (1874). Abbreviations as in the text (Material and Methods)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706617/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Respiratory tube foot pore pairs strongly conjugated, inner pore slightly elongate or almost circular, outer pore only slightly elongated (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FABBFF20B5D6FF61" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1741,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., paratype CASIZ 234821, Balicasag Island, Bohol, Philippines, 88.7 mm TL, photographs of aboral surface morphology of cleaned but not bleached specimen, painted with 50% glycerine in 95% ethanol. A: Detail of apical system. B: Petal in ambulacrum III. C: Petal in ambulacrum IV, specimen rotated to place distal part of petal and ambitus at top. D: Detail of distal portion of petal in ambulacrum IV." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706621/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 4B, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Column a of petal V with 42 pore pairs; of petal IV with 44; of petal III with 41. One or two (rarely three) primary tubercles situated along ridge between adjacent pore pairs. Plating within petals of typical clypeasterid architecture, with primary plate spanning entire distance from outer edge of petal to perradial suture, alternating with demiplate spanning just less than half that distance from outer edge of petal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FC7FFED0B199FEFD" box="[1015,1182,331,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1741,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., paratype CASIZ 234821, Balicasag Island, Bohol, Philippines, 88.7 mm TL, photographs of aboral surface morphology of cleaned but not bleached specimen, painted with 50% glycerine in 95% ethanol. A: Detail of apical system. B: Petal in ambulacrum III. C: Petal in ambulacrum IV, specimen rotated to place distal part of petal and ambitus at top. D: Detail of distal portion of petal in ambulacrum IV." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706621/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 4B, C, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). One or two occluded plates present at tips of petals (e.g.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FDA9FEF4B77CFE11" box="[545,635,367,393]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1741,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., paratype CASIZ 234821, Balicasag Island, Bohol, Philippines, 88.7 mm TL, photographs of aboral surface morphology of cleaned but not bleached specimen, painted with 50% glycerine in 95% ethanol. A: Detail of apical system. B: Petal in ambulacrum III. C: Petal in ambulacrum IV, specimen rotated to place distal part of petal and ambitus at top. D: Detail of distal portion of petal in ambulacrum IV." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706621/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31E8164FF4FFE08B600FD55" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31E8164FF4FFE08B470FE35" box="[199,375,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Interambulacra</emphasis>
|
||
—Narrower than ambulacra and straight on oral surface, slightly widening towards ambitus, but containing paired, zig-zag plates between petals right up to madreporic plate. Typically, five, occasionally six, post-basicoronal plates in each half-interambulacrum in oral interambulacra. Single, narrow basicoronal in each interambulacrum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FEEDFE64B4B9FD81" box="[357,446,510,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
), typically but not always reaching ends of adjacent ambulacral basicoronals. Interambulacra disjunct, separated from first pair of interambulacral post-basicoronals by two adjacent oral ambulacral postbasicoronals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FEBBFDDCB48EFDF9" box="[307,393,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FE1EFDDCB4B4FDF9" box="[406,435,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1528,1552]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,354,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-102@27.[154,1434,345,1504]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 11. Drawings of oral surface showing plate architecture in posterior interambulacrum (interambulacrum 5) of all Clypeaster species recorded from the Philippines. Interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black, posterior edge of test at bottom." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706635/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">11</figureCitation>
|
||
). In some specimens, first interambulacral post-basicoronal in one column can be greatly reduced so that it is not contiguous with second post-basicoronal in corresponding column (see interambulacra 2 and
|
||
<quantity id="B775D3CAA31E8164FF1FFD14B5C4FD31" box="[151,195,655,681]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FF42FD14B425FD31" box="[202,290,654,681]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
), but it is not known if this is typical or unique, as it was decided not to prepare additional specimens to produce plate maps for other members of
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA31E8164FD01FD28B7BEFD55" box="[649,697,691,717]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31E8164FF4FFD4CB017FC3D" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31E8164FF4FFD4CB434FD69" box="[199,307,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tubercles</emphasis>
|
||
—Of two main
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA31E8164FE61FD4CB720FD69" box="[489,551,727,753]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, primary and miliary. Aboral miliary tuberculation homogeneous, primary tubercles relatively sparse, only about 50/cm
|
||
<superScript id="87F8D367A31E8164FDFEFD61B779FC90" attach="left" box="[630,638,762,776]" fontSize="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2</superScript>
|
||
. Oral tubercles slightly larger than those on aboral surface, particularly in interambulacra. Tubercles perforate, slightly crenulate, primaries with distinct, deeply sunken areole, miliaries with shallow areole, filling spaces between primaries and greatly outnumbering them (orally by at least 10 to 1, and approximately 20 to 1 on aboral surface). Abundant miliary tubercles on apical system (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FB0FFCFCB1E7FC19" box="[1159,1248,871,897]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1741,1765]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-25@14.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 4. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., paratype CASIZ 234821, Balicasag Island, Bohol, Philippines, 88.7 mm TL, photographs of aboral surface morphology of cleaned but not bleached specimen, painted with 50% glycerine in 95% ethanol. A: Detail of apical system. B: Petal in ambulacrum III. C: Petal in ambulacrum IV, specimen rotated to place distal part of petal and ambitus at top. D: Detail of distal portion of petal in ambulacrum IV." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706621/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and periproctal membrane (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FE95FC10B473FC3D" box="[285,372,906,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5C</figureCitation>
|
||
), primary tubercles lacking in those areas. No tubercles on peristomial membrane.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31E8164FF4FFC34B721FB89" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31E8164FF4FFC34B467FC50" box="[199,352,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Food grooves</emphasis>
|
||
—Unbranched, extending from edge of peristome, following perradial suture, shallowing and narrowing gradually, fading to merge with test surface just short of ambitus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FC51FC48B133FC75" box="[985,1076,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Populated by specialized food groove miliary spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FE11FC6CB71DFB89" box="[409,538,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 7F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31E8164FF4FFB80B131FB72" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31E8164FF4FFB80B489FBAC" box="[199,398,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Internal structure</emphasis>
|
||
—Strongly developed, with four or five peripheral, circumferentially arranged walls (sensu
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31E8164FF1FFBA4B410FBC1" author="Mooi, R." box="[151,279,1087,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="25 - 48" refId="ref18041" refString="Mooi, R. (1990) Paedomorphosis, Aristotle's lantern, and the origin of the sand dollars (Echinodermata: Clypeasteroida). Pa- leobiology, 16, 25 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0094837300009714" type="journal article" year="1990">Mooi 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31E8164FEACFBA4B726FBC1" author="Mihaljevic, M. & Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B." box="[292,545,1087,1113]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="21 - 38" refId="ref17815" refString="Mihaljevic, M., Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B. (2011) The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance. Zootaxa, 2983 (1), 21 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2983.1.2" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mihaljević
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31E8164FE2EFBA4B4E7FBC1" box="[422,480,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in ambulacra, spanning space between floor and ceiling of test (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FA8FFBA4B089FBC1" box="[1287,1422,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@19.[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., photographs of internal structure and Aristotle’s lantern. A–E, G, and H show preparations from cleaned but not bleached specimen from paratype CASIZ 234826, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 70.1 mm TL, F shows bleached preparation from paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL. A: Aboral view of specimen in which aboral surface was cut away, Aristotle’s lantern still in place. B: Aboral view of preparation in A, Aristotle’s lantern removed. C: Direct view of left side of preparation in A. D: Slightly oblique, left side view of preparation in B. Box indicates area shown in E. E: Magnified, oblique, left side view of inner surface of portion of interambulacrum 4 and ambulacrum V showing bars, walls, pillars and needles. F: Section through test along perradius showing pillars and needles. G: Slightly oblique, left side view of Aristotle’s lantern from preparation shown in A and C. H: Direct posterior view of Aristotle’s lantern shown in G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706625/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Some reduced walls on inner side of channel that bears gut. Complicated masses of bars in interambulacra, continuing on proximal side of gut towards and beneath lantern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FCA8FB1CB6A1FB39" box="[800,934,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@19.[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., photographs of internal structure and Aristotle’s lantern. A–E, G, and H show preparations from cleaned but not bleached specimen from paratype CASIZ 234826, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 70.1 mm TL, F shows bleached preparation from paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL. A: Aboral view of specimen in which aboral surface was cut away, Aristotle’s lantern still in place. B: Aboral view of preparation in A, Aristotle’s lantern removed. C: Direct view of left side of preparation in A. D: Slightly oblique, left side view of preparation in B. Box indicates area shown in E. E: Magnified, oblique, left side view of inner surface of portion of interambulacrum 4 and ambulacrum V showing bars, walls, pillars and needles. F: Section through test along perradius showing pillars and needles. G: Slightly oblique, left side view of Aristotle’s lantern from preparation shown in A and C. H: Direct posterior view of Aristotle’s lantern shown in G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706625/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Minute, extremely thin, attenuated needles on both floor and ceiling of test (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FE76FB30B787FB5E" box="[510,640,1195,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@19.[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., photographs of internal structure and Aristotle’s lantern. A–E, G, and H show preparations from cleaned but not bleached specimen from paratype CASIZ 234826, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 70.1 mm TL, F shows bleached preparation from paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL. A: Aboral view of specimen in which aboral surface was cut away, Aristotle’s lantern still in place. B: Aboral view of preparation in A, Aristotle’s lantern removed. C: Direct view of left side of preparation in A. D: Slightly oblique, left side view of preparation in B. Box indicates area shown in E. E: Magnified, oblique, left side view of inner surface of portion of interambulacrum 4 and ambulacrum V showing bars, walls, pillars and needles. F: Section through test along perradius showing pillars and needles. G: Slightly oblique, left side view of Aristotle’s lantern from preparation shown in A and C. H: Direct posterior view of Aristotle’s lantern shown in G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706625/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 6D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
), most strongly expressed in ambulacra. Some needles span entire space between floor and ceiling to join together to form thin columns or pillars (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FC5CFB54B12EFB72" box="[980,1065,1231,1258]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@19.[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., photographs of internal structure and Aristotle’s lantern. A–E, G, and H show preparations from cleaned but not bleached specimen from paratype CASIZ 234826, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 70.1 mm TL, F shows bleached preparation from paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL. A: Aboral view of specimen in which aboral surface was cut away, Aristotle’s lantern still in place. B: Aboral view of preparation in A, Aristotle’s lantern removed. C: Direct view of left side of preparation in A. D: Slightly oblique, left side view of preparation in B. Box indicates area shown in E. E: Magnified, oblique, left side view of inner surface of portion of interambulacrum 4 and ambulacrum V showing bars, walls, pillars and needles. F: Section through test along perradius showing pillars and needles. G: Slightly oblique, left side view of Aristotle’s lantern from preparation shown in A and C. H: Direct posterior view of Aristotle’s lantern shown in G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706625/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31E8164FF4FFB68B48AF902" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31E8164FF4FFB68B427FA94" box="[199,288,1267,1292]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lantern</emphasis>
|
||
—Of typical clypeasterine morphology (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31E8164FD78FB68B675FA95" author="Mooi, R." box="[752,882,1267,1293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref17991" refString="Mooi, R. (1989) Living and fossil genera of the Clypeasteroida (Echinoidea: Echinodermata): An illustrated key and annotated checklist. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 488, 1 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.488" type="journal article" year="1989">Mooi 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31E8164FC08FB68B6BBFA95" author="Mooi, R." box="[896,956,1267,1293]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="25 - 48" refId="ref18041" refString="Mooi, R. (1990) Paedomorphosis, Aristotle's lantern, and the origin of the sand dollars (Echinodermata: Clypeasteroida). Pa- leobiology, 16, 25 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0094837300009714" type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), not protrusible, with strongly developed outer wings separated from almost rudimentary inner wings by continuous, ring-like arrangement of supra-alveolar processes at summit of lantern (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FDB0FAA0B790FACE" box="[568,663,1339,1366]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@19.[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., photographs of internal structure and Aristotle’s lantern. A–E, G, and H show preparations from cleaned but not bleached specimen from paratype CASIZ 234826, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 70.1 mm TL, F shows bleached preparation from paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL. A: Aboral view of specimen in which aboral surface was cut away, Aristotle’s lantern still in place. B: Aboral view of preparation in A, Aristotle’s lantern removed. C: Direct view of left side of preparation in A. D: Slightly oblique, left side view of preparation in B. Box indicates area shown in E. E: Magnified, oblique, left side view of inner surface of portion of interambulacrum 4 and ambulacrum V showing bars, walls, pillars and needles. F: Section through test along perradius showing pillars and needles. G: Slightly oblique, left side view of Aristotle’s lantern from preparation shown in A and C. H: Direct posterior view of Aristotle’s lantern shown in G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706625/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Epiphyses and rotules rudimentary, compasses absent, as typical in clypeasteroids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31E8164FEEFFAC4B4EEFAE1" author="Mooi, R." box="[359,489,1375,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref17991" refString="Mooi, R. (1989) Living and fossil genera of the Clypeasteroida (Echinoidea: Echinodermata): An illustrated key and annotated checklist. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 488, 1 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.488" type="journal article" year="1989">Mooi 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31E8164FE7EFAC4B735FAE1" author="Mooi, R." box="[502,562,1375,1401]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="25 - 48" refId="ref18041" refString="Mooi, R. (1990) Paedomorphosis, Aristotle's lantern, and the origin of the sand dollars (Echinodermata: Clypeasteroida). Pa- leobiology, 16, 25 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0094837300009714" type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Wings of each pyramid, particularly outer wings, strongly convoluted with subdivided walls connecting ambulacrally situated pyramidal muscle attachment surfaces to interambulacrally positioned symphysis between demi-pyramids underlying tooth slide (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FC12FA3CB122FA59" box="[922,1061,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@19.[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., photographs of internal structure and Aristotle’s lantern. A–E, G, and H show preparations from cleaned but not bleached specimen from paratype CASIZ 234826, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 70.1 mm TL, F shows bleached preparation from paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL. A: Aboral view of specimen in which aboral surface was cut away, Aristotle’s lantern still in place. B: Aboral view of preparation in A, Aristotle’s lantern removed. C: Direct view of left side of preparation in A. D: Slightly oblique, left side view of preparation in B. Box indicates area shown in E. E: Magnified, oblique, left side view of inner surface of portion of interambulacrum 4 and ambulacrum V showing bars, walls, pillars and needles. F: Section through test along perradius showing pillars and needles. G: Slightly oblique, left side view of Aristotle’s lantern from preparation shown in A and C. H: Direct posterior view of Aristotle’s lantern shown in G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706625/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 6G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tooth slide almost vertical, but biting surfaces of keeled tooth strongly angled relative to longitudinal axis of tooth to meet along nearly vertical axis from mouth through top of lantern. When in life position over peristome at top of infundibulum, entire lantern slightly canted forward so that supra-alveolar processes at anterior of lantern noticeably lower than at posterior (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FAE7F988B5BCF9CA" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@19.[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., photographs of internal structure and Aristotle’s lantern. A–E, G, and H show preparations from cleaned but not bleached specimen from paratype CASIZ 234826, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 70.1 mm TL, F shows bleached preparation from paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL. A: Aboral view of specimen in which aboral surface was cut away, Aristotle’s lantern still in place. B: Aboral view of preparation in A, Aristotle’s lantern removed. C: Direct view of left side of preparation in A. D: Slightly oblique, left side view of preparation in B. Box indicates area shown in E. E: Magnified, oblique, left side view of inner surface of portion of interambulacrum 4 and ambulacrum V showing bars, walls, pillars and needles. F: Section through test along perradius showing pillars and needles. G: Slightly oblique, left side view of Aristotle’s lantern from preparation shown in A and C. H: Direct posterior view of Aristotle’s lantern shown in G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706625/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lantern supports (auricles) of typical clypeasterid configuration (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31E8164FC26F9ACB123F9C9" author="Kier, P. M." box="[942,1060,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="98 - 109" refId="ref17288" refString="Kier, P. M. (1970) Lantern support structures in the clypeasteroid echinoids. Journal of Paleontology, 44, 98 - 109." type="journal article" year="1970">Kier 1970</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31E8164FBB9F9ACB1B7F9C9" author="Mooi, R." box="[1073,1200,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref17991" refString="Mooi, R. (1989) Living and fossil genera of the Clypeasteroida (Echinoidea: Echinodermata): An illustrated key and annotated checklist. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 488, 1 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.488" type="journal article" year="1989">Mooi 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31E8164FB34F9ACB1FFF9C9" author="Mooi, R." box="[1212,1272,1591,1617]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="25 - 48" refId="ref18041" refString="Mooi, R. (1990) Paedomorphosis, Aristotle's lantern, and the origin of the sand dollars (Echinodermata: Clypeasteroida). Pa- leobiology, 16, 25 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0094837300009714" type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), consisting of pairs of elongated, relatively thin, upright processes, one support for every pair contributed by adjacent ambulacral basicoronal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FEA0F9E4B487F902" box="[296,384,1663,1690]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetId="figure-21@19.[207,1380,181,1694]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 6. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., photographs of internal structure and Aristotle’s lantern. A–E, G, and H show preparations from cleaned but not bleached specimen from paratype CASIZ 234826, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 70.1 mm TL, F shows bleached preparation from paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL. A: Aboral view of specimen in which aboral surface was cut away, Aristotle’s lantern still in place. B: Aboral view of preparation in A, Aristotle’s lantern removed. C: Direct view of left side of preparation in A. D: Slightly oblique, left side view of preparation in B. Box indicates area shown in E. E: Magnified, oblique, left side view of inner surface of portion of interambulacrum 4 and ambulacrum V showing bars, walls, pillars and needles. F: Section through test along perradius showing pillars and needles. G: Slightly oblique, left side view of Aristotle’s lantern from preparation shown in A and C. H: Direct posterior view of Aristotle’s lantern shown in G." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706625" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706625/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31E8164FF4FF938B07AF845" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31E8164FF4FF938B417F925" box="[199,272,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Spines</emphasis>
|
||
—Of two main
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA31E8164FE4DF938B704F925" box="[453,515,1699,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, primary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FDF0F938B7FAF925" box="[632,765,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and miliary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FC29F938B124F925" box="[929,1059,1699,1725]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 7C–F</figureCitation>
|
||
), corresponding to tubercle
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA31E8164FAE9F938B09BF925" box="[1377,1436,1699,1725]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">types</typeStatus>
|
||
described above, and as typical for other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31E8164FDD5F95CB6B8F979" authority="(Telford et al. 1987)" baseAuthorityName="Telford" baseAuthorityYear="1987" box="[605,959,1735,1761]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31E8164FDD5F95CB7D1F979" box="[605,726,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31E8164FD6BF95CB6B0F979" author="Telford, M. & Mooi, R. & Harold, A. S." box="[739,951,1735,1761]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="324 - 336" refId="ref18575" refString="Telford, M., Mooi, R. & Harold, A. S. (1987) Feeding activities of two species of Clypeaster (Echinoides, Clypeasteroida): Further evidence of clypeasteroid resource partitioning. Biological Bulletin, 172, 324 - 336. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1541712" type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
Telford
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31E8164FCB6F95CB672F979" box="[830,885,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Aboral primaries only about half length of oral primaries, much narrower, finer with about 75% number of longitudinal ribs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FBADF970B1AFF89D" box="[1061,1192,1771,1797]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Core of spine sometimes hollow, sometimes with nearly solid meshwork (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FD71F894B675F8B1" box="[761,882,1807,1833]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). So-called “hyaline point” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31E8164FB3AF894B03BF8B1" author="Serafy, D. K." box="[1202,1340,1807,1833]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" pagination="165 - 170" refId="ref18483" refString="Serafy, D. K. (1971) A new species of Clypeaster (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) from San Felix Island, with a key to the recent species of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Pacific Science, 25, 165 - 170." type="journal article" year="1971">Serafy 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) present at tips of undamaged, uneroded primaries on both aboral and oral surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FC6BF8A8B160F8D5" box="[995,1127,1843,1869]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 7A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Miliary spines of variable length (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FF65F8CCB468F8E9" box="[237,367,1879,1905]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Figs. 7C–F</figureCitation>
|
||
), rounded, blunt, slightly swollen distally but not crown-shaped, longest in interambulacral regions of oral surface, aboral interambulacral miliaries (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FD77F8E0B65FF80D" box="[767,856,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
) about 80% length of oral interambulacral miliaries (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FF28F804B5F1F821" box="[160,246,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
), aboral ambulacral miliaries shorter still, only 50% length of oral interambulacral miliaries (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FB72F804B057F821" box="[1274,1360,1951,1977]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Miliary spines within food grooves short, only about half length of miliaries from adjacent oral ambulacra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31E8164FA93F858B077F845" box="[1307,1392,1987,2013]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="24F22EA7A3198163FF1FFE49B2F2FD88" ID-Table-UUID="24F22EA7A3198163FF1FFE49B2F2FD88" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24F22EA7A3198163FF1FFE49B2F2FD88" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" startId="12.[151,239,466,492]" targetBox="[162,2014,579,1656]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA3198163FF1FFE49B2F1FE74" blockId="12.[151,2038,466,564]" box="[151,2038,466,492]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF1FFE49B40EFE74" bold="true" box="[151,265,466,492]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Range, depth, and general test features of all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA3198163FCE9FE49B6D2FE74" box="[865,981,466,492]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FCE9FE49B6D2FE74" box="[865,981,466,492]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded to occur in the Philippines (* = feature based on images or examination of type material).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA3198163FF1FFE6DB2F2FD88" blockId="12.[151,2038,466,564]" box="[151,2037,502,528]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA3198163FF1FFE6DB418FD88" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1885" box="[151,287,502,528]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF1FFE6DB418FD88" box="[151,287,502,528]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is included as it has been recorded in the Philippines by collectors, and further suspected to occur there on the basis of a specimen identified as that species by the
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA3198163FF1FFD81B4AEFDAC" blockId="12.[151,2038,466,564]" box="[151,425,538,564]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">authors (CASIZ 232217).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA3198163FF2AFDD8B283F995" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<table id="028D8C8FA3197E90FF2AFDD8B2D9F9E0" box="[162,2014,579,1656]" colsContinueIn="13.[162,2014,549,1253]" gridcols="11" gridrows="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3197E90FF2AFDD8B2D9FD2C" box="[162,2014,579,692]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FF2AFDD8B430FD2C" box="[162,311,579,692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF2AFDD8B417FDE1" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA3198163FF2AFDFBB417FDE1" box="[162,272,608,633]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF2AFDFBB417FDE1" bold="true" box="[162,272,608,633]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FED2FDD8B4E9FD2C" box="[346,494,579,692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FE09FDD8B4C1FDC4" bold="true" box="[385,454,579,604]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Range</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FD80FDD8B766FD2C" box="[520,609,579,692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FD9BFDD8B74FFDE1" bold="true" box="[531,597,579,633]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Depth (m)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FD02FDD8B624FD2C" box="[650,803,579,692]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FD06FDD8B7EAFD0E" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Approximate Maximum TL (mm)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FD79FDE7B7FFFD12" bold="true" box="[753,760,636,650]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FCD5FDD8B6B6FD2C" box="[861,945,579,692]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FCF2FDD8B6ADFDE1" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">% TH/TL</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FC22FDC4B6B6FDF5" bold="true" box="[938,945,607,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FC78FDD8B14DFD2C" box="[1008,1098,579,692]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FB98FDD8B144FDE1" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">% TW/TL</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FBCBFDC4B14DFDF5" bold="true" box="[1091,1098,607,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FBFBFDD8B018FD2C" box="[1139,1311,579,692]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FB0BFDD8B1F5FDE1" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oral Surface Contour</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FB7BFDC4B1FDFDF5" bold="true" box="[1267,1274,607,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">3</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FABEFDD8B0B2FD2C" box="[1334,1461,579,692]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FACBFDD8B0A3FD2C" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Periproct Distance from Ambitus</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FA51FDD8B335FD2C" box="[1497,1586,579,692]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FA53FDD8B32CFDE1" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Inflated Margin</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163F9A3FDC4B335FDF5" bold="true" box="[1579,1586,607,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">4</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90F9D2FDD8B3F3FD2C" box="[1626,1780,579,692]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163F9F2FDD8B3D0FDE1" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Internal Structure</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163F95FFDC4B3D9FDF5" bold="true" box="[1751,1758,607,621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">5</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90F894FDD8B2D9FD2C" box="[1820,2014,579,692]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163F8ECFDD8B2D0FD0E" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oral Interambulacral Plate Disjunction</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163F85FFDE7B2D9FD12" bold="true" box="[2007,2014,636,650]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">6</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3197E90FF2AFD7BB2D9FCB7" box="[162,2014,736,815]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FF2AFD7BB430FCB7" box="[162,311,736,815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF2AFD7BB418FC8C" bold="true" box="[162,287,736,788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA3198163FF2AFD7BB402FD61" authority="Mooi & Noordenburg, 2021" authorityName="Mooi & Noordenburg" authorityYear="2021" box="[162,261,736,761]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brigitteae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF2AFD7BB402FD61" bold="true" box="[162,261,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">brigitteae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59CA1F46A3198163FF2AFD60B418FC8C" box="[162,287,763,788]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FED2FD7BB4E9FCB7" box="[346,494,736,815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Philippines</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FD80FD7BB766FCB7" box="[520,609,736,815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">100–200</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FD02FD7BB624FCB7" box="[650,803,736,815]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">100*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FCD5FD7BB6B6FCB7" box="[861,945,736,815]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">23–32*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FC78FD7BB14DFCB7" box="[1008,1098,736,815]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">87–93</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FBFBFD7BB018FCB7" box="[1139,1311,736,815]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Flat near margin, infundibulum deep, ~50%*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FABEFD7BB0B2FCB7" box="[1334,1461,736,815]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13"><own length*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FA51FD7BB335FCB7" box="[1497,1586,736,815]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">no*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90F9D2FD7BB3F3FCB7" box="[1626,1780,736,815]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">bars well developed; 4 or 5 walls*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90F894FD7BB2D9FCB7" box="[1820,2014,736,815]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3197E90FF2AFCC3B2D9FC5A" box="[162,2014,856,962]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FF2AFCC3B430FC5A" box="[162,311,856,962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA3198163FF2AFCC3B430FC14" authority="Koehler, 1922" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1922" box="[162,311,856,908]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF2AFCC3B430FC14" bold="true" box="[162,311,856,908]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF2AFCC3B41FFCE9" bold="true" box="[162,280,856,881]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA3198163FF2AFCE8B430FC14" author="Koehler, R." box="[162,311,883,908]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="5 - 161" refId="ref17315" refString="Koehler, R. (1922) Echinides du Musee Indien a Calcutta, II. Clypeastrides et Cassidulides. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, 9, 5 - 161." type="journal article" year="1922">Koehler, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FED2FCC3B4E9FC5A" box="[346,494,856,962]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Arabia to Philippines, Malaysia</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FD80FCC3B766FC5A" box="[520,609,856,962]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">160–550</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FD02FCC3B624FC5A" box="[650,803,856,962]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">120*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FCD5FCC3B6B6FC5A" box="[861,945,856,962]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">29–43*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FC78FCC3B14DFC5A" box="[1008,1098,856,962]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">92–97</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FBFBFCC3B018FC5A" box="[1139,1311,856,962]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Flat near margin, infundibulum deep, ~70%*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FABEFCC3B0B2FC5A" box="[1334,1461,856,962]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">~own length*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FA51FCC3B335FC5A" box="[1497,1586,856,962]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">no*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90F9D2FCC3B3F3FC5A" box="[1626,1780,856,962]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">bars rudimentary, 2 or 3 disjunct walls</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90F894FCC3B2D9FC5A" box="[1820,2014,856,962]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3197E90FF2AFC70B2D9FBF7" box="[162,2014,1003,1135]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FF2AFC70B430FBF7" box="[162,311,1003,1135]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA3198163FF2AFC70B430FB87" authority="Koehler, 1922" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1922" box="[162,311,1003,1055]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fervens">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF2AFC70B430FB87" bold="true" box="[162,311,1003,1055]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF2AFC70B5E9FB9C" bold="true" box="[162,238,1003,1028]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">fervens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA3198163FF2AFB9DB430FB87" author="Koehler, R." box="[162,311,1030,1055]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="5 - 161" refId="ref17315" refString="Koehler, R. (1922) Echinides du Musee Indien a Calcutta, II. Clypeastrides et Cassidulides. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, 9, 5 - 161." type="journal article" year="1922">Koehler, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FED2FC70B4E9FBF7" box="[346,494,1003,1135]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Arabia, Seychelles and east at least to Philippines</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FD80FC70B766FBF7" box="[520,609,1003,1135]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">13–216</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FD02FC70B624FBF7" box="[650,803,1003,1135]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">90*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FCD5FC70B6B6FBF7" box="[861,945,1003,1135]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">24–32*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FC78FC70B14DFBF7" box="[1008,1098,1003,1135]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">73–91</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FBFBFC70B018FBF7" box="[1139,1311,1003,1135]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">No flat areas, infundibulum deep, ~50%*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FABEFC70B0B2FBF7" box="[1334,1461,1003,1135]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13"><own length*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FA51FC70B335FBF7" box="[1497,1586,1003,1135]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">no*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90F9D2FC70B3F3FBF7" box="[1626,1780,1003,1135]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">bars absent; 1 poorly developed wall</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90F894FC70B2D9FBF7" box="[1820,2014,1003,1135]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3197E90FF2AFB02B2D9FA85" box="[162,2014,1177,1309]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FF2AFB02B430FA85" box="[162,311,1177,1309]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA3198163FF2AFB02B435FB54" authority="(Leske, 1778)" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[162,306,1177,1228]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF2AFB02B435FB54" bold="true" box="[162,306,1177,1228]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF2AFB02B5F6FB2A" bold="true" box="[162,241,1177,1202]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">humilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA3198163FF23FB28B42CFB54" author="Leske, N. G." box="[171,299,1203,1228]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref17672" refString="Leske, N. G. (1778) Jacobi Theodori Klein naturalis dispositio echinodermatum …, edita et descriptionibus novisque inventis et synonomis auctorem aucta. Addimenta ad I. T. Klein naturalem dispositionem Echinodermatum. G. E. Beer, Leipzig, xxii + 278 pp." type="book" year="1778">Leske, 1778</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FED2FB02B4E9FA85" box="[346,494,1177,1309]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Indo-Pacific, Red Sea and east</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FD80FB02B766FA85" box="[520,609,1177,1309]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0–216</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FD02FB02B624FA85" box="[650,803,1177,1309]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">160</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FCD5FB02B6B6FA85" box="[861,945,1177,1309]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">13–27</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FC78FB02B14DFA85" box="[1008,1098,1177,1309]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">80–88</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FBFBFB02B018FA85" box="[1139,1311,1177,1309]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Flat but angled upwards towards peristome, infundibulum shallow, ~75%</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FABEFB02B0B2FA85" box="[1334,1461,1177,1309]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">≤own length or less</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FA51FB02B335FA85" box="[1497,1586,1177,1309]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">no</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90F9D2FB02B3F3FA85" box="[1626,1780,1177,1309]" gridcol="9" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">bars present as rows of pillars; 4 or 5 walls</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90F894FB02B2D9FA85" box="[1820,2014,1177,1309]" gridcol="10" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3197E90FF2AFADDB2D9FA52" box="[162,2014,1350,1482]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FF2AFADDB430FA52" box="[162,311,1350,1482]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA3198163FF2AFADDB5D2FA0D" authority="Doderlein, 1885" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1885" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF2AFADDB5D2FA0D" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF2AFADDB400FAC7" bold="true" box="[162,263,1350,1375]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA3198163FF2AFAFAB5D2FA0D" author="Doderlein, L." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="73 - 112" refId="ref17129" refString="Doderlein, L. (1885) Seeigel von Japan un den Liu-Kiu-Inselin. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 51, 73 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1569" type="journal article" year="1885">Döderlein, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FED2FADDB4E9FA52" box="[346,494,1350,1482]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Japan, sporadic reports in Philippines</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FD80FADDB766FA52" box="[520,609,1350,1482]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">0–75</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FD02FADDB624FA52" box="[650,803,1350,1482]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">125</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FCD5FADDB6B6FA52" box="[861,945,1350,1482]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">24–32</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FC78FADDB14DFA52" box="[1008,1098,1350,1482]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">80–90</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FBFBFADDB018FA52" box="[1139,1311,1350,1482]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">No flat areas, infundibulum deep, sharply defined near peristome, ~40%</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FABEFADDB0B2FA52" box="[1334,1461,1350,1482]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13"><own length</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FA51FADDB335FA52" box="[1497,1586,1350,1482]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">no</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90F9D2FADDB3F3FA52" box="[1626,1780,1350,1482]" gridcol="9" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">bars rudimentary; single wall</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90F894FADDB2D9FA52" box="[1820,2014,1350,1482]" gridcol="10" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1 or 2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3197E90FF2AFA6FB2D9F9E0" box="[162,2014,1524,1656]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3197E90FF2AFA6FB430F9E0" box="[162,311,1524,1656]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA3198163FF2AFA6FB5DAF9DA" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="latissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF2AFA6FB5DAF9DA" bold="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163FF2AFA6FB40DF995" bold="true" box="[162,266,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">latissimus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA3198163FF23F995B5D1F9DA" author="Lamarck, J. - B." pageId="12" pageNumber="13" refId="ref17545" refString="Lamarck, J. - B. (1816) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leur classes, leurs familles, leurs generes, et le citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une Introduction offrant la Determination des caracteres essentielles de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Tome Troisieme. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 40014" type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FED2FA6FB4E9F9E0" box="[346,494,1524,1656]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Malaysia, east Indo-Pacific, West Australia</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FD80FA6FB766F9E0" box="[520,609,1524,1656]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">25–56</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FD02FA6FB624F9E0" box="[650,803,1524,1656]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">250*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FCD5FA6FB6B6F9E0" box="[861,945,1524,1656]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">8–13*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FC78FA6FB14DF9E0" box="[1008,1098,1524,1656]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">76–85</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FBFBFA6FB018F9E0" box="[1139,1311,1524,1656]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Flat near margin, infundibulum shallow, ~90%*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FABEFA6FB0B2F9E0" box="[1334,1461,1524,1656]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">>1.7X own length*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90FA51FA6FB335F9E0" box="[1497,1586,1524,1656]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">no*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90F9D2FA6FB3F3F9E0" box="[1626,1780,1524,1656]" gridcol="9" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">bars extremely elaborated into dense regions of pillars;>15 walls</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3197E90F894FA6FB2D9F9E0" box="[1820,2014,1524,1656]" gridcol="10" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA3198163F94AF939B2ECF923" blockId="12.[1730,2027,1698,1723]" box="[1730,2027,1698,1723]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3198163F94AF939B2ECF923" box="[1730,2027,1698,1723]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">...Continued on the next page</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="24F22EA7A3188162FF1FFE66B49FFD8F" box="[151,408,509,535]" isContinuationCaption="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" startId="13.[151,239,509,535]" targetBox="[162,2014,549,1253]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA3188162FF1FFE66B49FFD8F" blockId="13.[151,408,509,535]" box="[151,408,509,535]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FF1FFE66B40DFD8F" bold="true" box="[151,266,509,535]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
(Continued)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA3188162FF2AFDBEB283FB32" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<table id="028D8C8FA3187E90FF2AFDBEB2D9FB7D" box="[162,2014,549,1253]" colsContinueFrom="12.[162,2014,579,1656]" gridcols="11" gridrows="4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3187E90FF2AFDBEB2D9FD0E" box="[162,2014,549,662]" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3187E90FF2AFDBEB425FD0E" box="[162,290,549,662]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FF2AFDBEB417FDC4" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA3188162FF2AFDD8B417FDC4" box="[162,272,579,604]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FF2AFDD8B417FDC4" bold="true" box="[162,272,579,604]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3187E90FEEAFDBEB4E1FD0E" box="[354,486,549,662]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FE09FDBEB4C1FDA6" bold="true" box="[385,454,549,574]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Range</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3187E90FD86FDBEB75DFD0E" box="[526,602,549,662]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FD9BFDBEB74FFDC4" bold="true" box="[531,597,549,604]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Depth (m)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3187E90FD02FDBEB624FD0E" box="[650,803,549,662]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FD06FDBEB7EAFDE1" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Approximate Maximum TL (mm)</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FD79FDC4B7FFFDF5" bold="true" box="[753,760,607,621]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3187E90FCD5FDBEB6B6FD0E" box="[861,945,549,662]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FCF2FDBEB6ADFDC4" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">% TH/TL</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FC22FDDAB6B6FDD7" bold="true" box="[938,945,577,591]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3187E90FC78FDBEB14DFD0E" box="[1008,1098,549,662]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FB98FDBEB144FDC4" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">% TW/TL</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FBCBFDDAB14DFDD7" bold="true" box="[1091,1098,577,591]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3187E90FBFBFDBEB018FD0E" box="[1139,1311,549,662]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FB0BFDBEB1F5FDC4" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Oral Surface Contour</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FB7BFDDAB1FDFDD7" bold="true" box="[1267,1274,577,591]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3187E90FABEFDBEB0B2FD0E" box="[1334,1461,549,662]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FACBFDBEB0A3FD0E" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Periproct Distance from Ambitus</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3187E90FA51FDBEB335FD0E" box="[1497,1586,549,662]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FA53FDBEB32CFDC4" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Inflated Margin</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162F9A3FDDAB335FDD7" bold="true" box="[1579,1586,577,591]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3187E90F9D0FDBEB3F2FD0E" box="[1624,1781,549,662]" gridcol="9" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162F9F2FDBEB3D0FDC4" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Internal Structure</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162F95FFDDAB3D9FDD7" bold="true" box="[1751,1758,577,591]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3187E90F894FDBEB2D9FD0E" box="[1820,2014,549,662]" gridcol="10" gridrow="0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162F8ECFDBEB2D0FDE1" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Oral Interambulacral Plate Disjunction</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162F85FFDC4B2D9FDF5" bold="true" box="[2007,2014,607,621]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">6</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3187E90FF2AFD58B2D9FCC9" box="[162,2014,707,849]" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3187E90FF2AFD58B425FCC9" box="[162,290,707,849]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA3188162FF2AFD58B5E6FC8E" authority="Mortensen, 1948 a" authorityName="Mortensen" authorityYear="1948" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="pateriformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FF2AFD58B5E6FC8E" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FF2AFD58B425FD44" bold="true" box="[162,290,707,732]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">pateriformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA3188162FF2AFD7BB5E6FC8E" author="Mortensen, T." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="93 - 140" refId="ref18151" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 a) Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. Report on the Echinoidea collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer " Albatross " during the Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910. Part 3: The Echinoneidae, Echinolampidae, Clypeastridae, Arachnoididae, Laganidae, Fibulariidae, Urechinidae, Echinocorythidae, Palaeostomatidae, Micrasteridae, Palaeopneustidae, Hemiasteridae, and Spatangidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Bulletin, 100, 93 - 140." type="journal article" year="1948">Mortensen, 1948a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FEEAFD58B4E1FCC9" box="[354,486,707,849]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Philippines, Malaysia</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FD86FD58B75DFCC9" box="[526,602,707,849]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">33–90</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FD02FD58B624FCC9" box="[650,803,707,849]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">75*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FCD5FD58B6B6FCC9" box="[861,945,707,849]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">10–13*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FC78FD58B14DFCC9" box="[1008,1098,707,849]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">98–99*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FBFBFD58B018FCC9" box="[1139,1311,707,849]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Flat near margin, infundibulum shallow, ~85%*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FABEFD58B0B2FCC9" box="[1334,1461,707,849]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">>2X own length*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FA51FD58B335FCC9" box="[1497,1586,707,849]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">no*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90F9D0FD58B3F2FCC9" box="[1624,1781,707,849]" gridcol="9" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">bars extremely elaborated into dense regions of pillars;>15 walls</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90F894FD58B2D9FCC9" box="[1820,2014,707,849]" gridcol="10" gridrow="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2*</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3187E90FF2AFCE5B2D9FBFC" box="[162,2014,894,1124]" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3187E90FF2AFCE5B425FBFC" box="[162,290,894,1124]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA3188162FF2AFCE5B5DAFC49" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FF2AFCE5B5DAFC49" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FF2AFCE5B416FC0F" bold="true" box="[162,273,894,919]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA3188162FF23FC00B5D1FC49" author="Linnaeus, C." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" refId="ref17723" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Editio Decima, reformata [10 th Revised Edition]. Laurentius Salvius, Holmiae, 824 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FEEAFCE5B4E1FBFC" box="[354,486,894,1124]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Indo-Pacific, to Hawaii</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FD86FCE5B75DFBFC" box="[526,602,894,1124]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0–125</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FD02FCE5B624FBFC" box="[650,803,894,1124]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">80</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FCD5FCE5B6B6FBFC" box="[861,945,894,1124]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17–38</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FC78FCE5B14DFBFC" box="[1008,1098,894,1124]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">72–87</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FBFBFCE5B018FBFC" box="[1139,1311,894,1124]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">No flat areas near margin, infundibulum deep but gradually sloping upwards towards peristome, ~30%</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FABEFCE5B0B2FBFC" box="[1334,1461,894,1124]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1–1.5X own length</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FA51FCE5B335FBFC" box="[1497,1586,894,1124]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">yes</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90F9D0FCE5B3F2FBFC" box="[1624,1781,894,1124]" gridcol="9" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">bars near periproct only; no walls</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90F894FCE5B2D9FBFC" box="[1820,2014,894,1124]" gridcol="10" gridrow="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3187E90FF2AFB0BB2D9FB7D" box="[162,2014,1168,1253]" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3187E90FF2AFB0BB425FB7D" box="[162,290,1168,1253]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA3188162FF2AFB0BB5D2FB7C" authority="Doderlein, 1885" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1885" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="virescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FF2AFB0BB5D2FB7C" bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FF2AFB0BB405FB31" bold="true" box="[162,258,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">virescens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA3188162FF2AFB35B5D2FB7C" author="Doderlein, L." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="73 - 112" refId="ref17129" refString="Doderlein, L. (1885) Seeigel von Japan un den Liu-Kiu-Inselin. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 51, 73 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1569" type="journal article" year="1885">Döderlein, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FEEAFB0BB4E1FB7D" box="[354,486,1168,1253]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Indo-Pacific</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FD86FB0BB75DFB7D" box="[526,602,1168,1253]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">27–630</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FD02FB0BB624FB7D" box="[650,803,1168,1253]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">125</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FCD5FB0BB6B6FB7D" box="[861,945,1168,1253]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">18–27</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FC78FB0BB14DFB7D" box="[1008,1098,1168,1253]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">88–97</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FBFBFB0BB018FB7D" box="[1139,1311,1168,1253]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Flat near margin, infundibulum deep, ~75%</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FABEFB0BB0B2FB7D" box="[1334,1461,1168,1253]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14"><own length</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90FA51FB0BB335FB7D" box="[1497,1586,1168,1253]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">no</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90F9D0FB0BB3F2FB7D" box="[1624,1781,1168,1253]" gridcol="9" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">bars strongly developed; 5 or 6 walls</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3187E90F894FB0BB2D9FB7D" box="[1820,2014,1168,1253]" gridcol="10" gridrow="3" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA3188162FF1FFAB4B5D9FAF7" blockId="13.[151,2037,1327,1679]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<superScript id="87F8D367A3188162FF1FFAB4B598FAA7" attach="right" box="[151,159,1327,1343]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1</superScript>
|
||
Known upper size limit, rounded up to the nearest
|
||
<quantity id="B775D3CAA3188162FD5DFAABB61FFAD3" box="[725,792,1328,1355]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, based on examination of CASIZ, MNHN, and USNM specimens, and descriptions in the literature and of
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA3188162F84DFAABB2F2FAD3" box="[1989,2037,1328,1355]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA3188162FF1FFAECB3AFFA0B" blockId="13.[151,2037,1327,1679]" box="[151,1704,1399,1427]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C0E57472A3188162FF1FFAECB3A3FA0B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107297301" box="[151,1700,1399,1427]" collectionCode="CASIZ, MNHN, USNM" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<superScript id="87F8D367A3188162FF1FFAECB598FA1F" attach="right" box="[151,159,1399,1415]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2</superScript>
|
||
Approximate, range based on examination of
|
||
<collectionCode id="169CE6EAA3188162FD28FAE3B7F3FA0B" box="[672,756,1400,1427]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">CASIZ</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="169CE6EAA3188162FD76FAE3B651FA0B" box="[766,854,1400,1427]" country="France" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectionCode id="169CE6EAA3188162FC19FAE3B6E5FA0B" box="[913,994,1400,1427]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
|
||
specimens, and descriptions in the literature and of
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA3188162F9A2FAE3B35DFA0B" box="[1578,1626,1400,1427]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA3188162FF1FFA00B2B4FA2F" blockId="13.[151,2037,1327,1679]" box="[151,1971,1435,1463]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<superScript id="87F8D367A3188162FF1FFA00B598FA33" attach="right" box="[151,159,1435,1451]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">3</superScript>
|
||
Percentage based on approximate point at which test begins to inflect upwards towards the peristome – measured from the ambitus along oral interambulacrum 4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA3188162FF1FFA24B2D0FA43" blockId="13.[151,2037,1327,1679]" box="[151,2007,1471,1499]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<superScript id="87F8D367A3188162FF1FFA24B598FA57" attach="right" box="[151,159,1471,1487]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">4</superScript>
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA3188162FF35FA5BB452FA43" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[189,341,1472,1499]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="reticulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FF35FA5BB452FA43" box="[189,341,1472,1499]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. reticulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the margin is inflated relative to the rest of the distal part of the oral surface so that the distal ends of the petals are below the altitude of the margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA3188162FF1FFA78B0BCF9DF" blockId="13.[151,2037,1327,1679]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<superScript id="87F8D367A3188162FF1FFA78B598FA6B" attach="right" box="[151,159,1507,1523]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">5</superScript>
|
||
Based on new observations and radiographs in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA3188162FD30FA7FB6CFFA67" author="Mihaljevic, M. & Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B." box="[696,968,1508,1535]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="21 - 38" refId="ref17815" refString="Mihaljevic, M., Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B. (2011) The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance. Zootaxa, 2983 (1), 21 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2983.1.2" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mihaljević
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FCB2FA7FB674FA67" box="[826,883,1508,1535]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Structure described is only that distal to the path of the gut. Terminology adopted from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA3188162F830FA7FB5DCF9BB" author="Mooi, R." pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 51" refId="ref17991" refString="Mooi, R. (1989) Living and fossil genera of the Clypeasteroida (Echinoidea: Echinodermata): An illustrated key and annotated checklist. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 488, 1 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.488" type="journal article" year="1989">Mooi (1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA3188162FF6FF993B427F9BB" author="Mooi, R." box="[231,288,1544,1571]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="25 - 48" refId="ref18041" refString="Mooi, R. (1990) Paedomorphosis, Aristotle's lantern, and the origin of the sand dollars (Echinodermata: Clypeasteroida). Pa- leobiology, 16, 25 - 48. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 0094837300009714" type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA3188162FEE9F993B777F9BB" author="Mihaljevic, M. & Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B." box="[353,624,1544,1571]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="21 - 38" refId="ref17815" refString="Mihaljevic, M., Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B. (2011) The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance. Zootaxa, 2983 (1), 21 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2983.1.2" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mihaljević
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162FE6AF993B71CF9BB" box="[482,539,1544,1571]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: bars = interambulacral, peripheral radiating buttresses (but not actually “radial” as used in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA3188162F9F6F993B28AF9BB" author="Mihaljevic, M. & Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B." box="[1662,1933,1544,1571]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="21 - 38" refId="ref17815" refString="Mihaljevic, M., Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B. (2011) The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance. Zootaxa, 2983 (1), 21 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2983.1.2" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mihaljević
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA3188162F977F993B23FF9BB" box="[1791,1848,1544,1571]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
[2011]
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); walls = concentric, circumferential buttresses made of peripheral ambulacral pillars connected to form nearly solid partitions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA3188162FF1FF9D4B4A9F917" blockId="13.[151,2037,1327,1679]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<superScript id="87F8D367A3188162FF1FF9D4B598F9C7" attach="right" box="[151,159,1615,1631]" fontSize="6" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">6</superScript>
|
||
Number of ambulacral plates in each column adjacent to interradial suture between basicoronal and first post-basicoronal in posterior interambulacrum (interambulacrum 5). See also
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA3188162FEA8F9EFB487F917" box="[288,384,1652,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA3188162FE05F9EFB4ACF917" box="[397,427,1652,1679]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1528,1552]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,354,1498]" captionTargetId="figure-102@27.[154,1434,345,1504]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 11. Drawings of oral surface showing plate architecture in posterior interambulacrum (interambulacrum 5) of all Clypeaster species recorded from the Philippines. Interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black, posterior edge of test at bottom." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706635/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">11</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="24F22EA7A31B8161FF1FF956B657F8C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706621" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4706621" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706621/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" startId="14.[151,250,1741,1765]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1718]" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31B8161FF1FF956B657F8C9" blockId="14.[151,1437,1741,1874]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31B8161FF1FF956B413F97D" bold="true" box="[151,276,1741,1765]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31B8161FE93F955B4F4F97E" authority="Mooi & Noordenburg, 2021" authorityName="Mooi & Noordenburg" authorityYear="2021" box="[283,499,1742,1766]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brigitteae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31B8161FE93F955B4F4F97E" box="[283,499,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Clypeaster brigitteae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31B8161FE72F955B732F97E" bold="true" box="[506,565,1742,1766]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59CA1F46A31B8161FE72F955B732F97E" box="[506,565,1742,1766]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, paratype CASIZ 234821, Balicasag Island, Bohol, Philippines, 88.7 mm TL, photographs of aboral surface morphology of cleaned but not bleached specimen, painted with 50% glycerine in 95% ethanol. A: Detail of apical system. B: Petal in ambulacrum III. C: Petal in ambulacrum IV, specimen rotated to place distal part of petal and ambitus at top. D: Detail of distal portion of petal in ambulacrum IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31B8160FF4FF81BB46DFCA1" blockId="14.[151,1437,1920,2018]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31B8161FF4FF81BB459F802" box="[199,350,1920,1946]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Pedicellariae</emphasis>
|
||
— Of three main
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA31B8161FDA2F81BB76EF802" box="[554,617,1920,1946]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">types</typeStatus>
|
||
: triphyllous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31B8161FC88F81BB651F802" box="[768,854,1920,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[173,1410,195,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-21@21.[151,1436,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., bleached pedicellarial valves and stems from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL. A: Series of valves from same ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. B: Stem of ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. C: Valve of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. D: Stem of of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. E: Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. F: Valve, magnified view of valve, and stem of triphyllous pedicellaria from oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706629/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
), tridentate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31B8161FC6FF81BB16CF802" box="[999,1131,1920,1946]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[173,1410,195,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-21@21.[151,1436,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., bleached pedicellarial valves and stems from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL. A: Series of valves from same ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. B: Stem of ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. C: Valve of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. D: Stem of of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. E: Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. F: Valve, magnified view of valve, and stem of triphyllous pedicellaria from oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706629/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 8C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
), and ophicephalous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31B8161FAECF81BB5DAF826" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[173,1410,195,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-21@21.[151,1436,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., bleached pedicellarial valves and stems from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL. A: Series of valves from same ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. B: Stem of ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. C: Valve of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. D: Stem of of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. E: Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. F: Valve, magnified view of valve, and stem of triphyllous pedicellaria from oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706629/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Figs. 8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Following observations pertain to all specimens with well preserved complement of external appendages. Triphyllous widely distributed over entire test, extremely small and numerous, with long, flexible necconnect- ing three rounded valves to thin but robust stem, flexible neck about same length as stem, valves of usual shape for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31A8160FF37FF20B43FFF4D" box="[191,312,187,213]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FF37FF20B43FFF4D" box="[191,312,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with extremely short teeth on distal edges (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31A8160FCA1FF20B678FF4D" box="[809,895,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[173,1410,195,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-21@21.[151,1436,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., bleached pedicellarial valves and stems from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL. A: Series of valves from same ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. B: Stem of ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. C: Valve of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. D: Stem of of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. E: Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. F: Valve, magnified view of valve, and stem of triphyllous pedicellaria from oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tridentates principally of two sizes, with three valves, those of smaller form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31A8160FE7EFF44B74AFF61" box="[502,589,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[173,1410,195,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-21@21.[151,1436,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., bleached pedicellarial valves and stems from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL. A: Series of valves from same ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. B: Stem of ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. C: Valve of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. D: Stem of of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. E: Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. F: Valve, magnified view of valve, and stem of triphyllous pedicellaria from oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
) only slightly shorter than those of larger form (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31A8160FBF3FF44B1D3FF61" box="[1147,1236,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[173,1410,195,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-21@21.[151,1436,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., bleached pedicellarial valves and stems from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL. A: Series of valves from same ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. B: Stem of ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. C: Valve of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. D: Stem of of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. E: Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. F: Valve, magnified view of valve, and stem of triphyllous pedicellaria from oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Smaller version scattered widely over oral surface, densely distributed (as many as 5/mm
|
||
<superScript id="87F8D367A31A8160FC6FFE99B6E8FE88" attach="left" box="[999,1007,258,272]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2</superScript>
|
||
), particularly in infundibulum, much rarer aborally, nearly absent in aboral regions where ophicephalous pedicellariae most densely distributed. Larger tridentates tending to be more common near peristome and periproct. Only small version found on periproctal membrane. Valves of small form meet distally for about one third length of valve when pedicellaria closes, versus about one quarter in large form. Valves of both
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA31A8160FD20FE08B7E4FE35" box="[680,739,403,429]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">types</typeStatus>
|
||
with small proximal teeth along edges where valves meet, but with one, or more typically two longer distal teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31A8160FD47FE2CB656FE49" box="[719,849,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[173,1410,195,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-21@21.[151,1436,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., bleached pedicellarial valves and stems from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL. A: Series of valves from same ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. B: Stem of ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. C: Valve of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. D: Stem of of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. E: Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. F: Valve, magnified view of valve, and stem of triphyllous pedicellaria from oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 8C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Entire tridentate jaw connected to robust stem (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31A8160FAE7FE2CB5BDFE6D" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[173,1410,195,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-21@21.[151,1436,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., bleached pedicellarial valves and stems from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL. A: Series of valves from same ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. B: Stem of ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. C: Valve of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. D: Stem of of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. E: Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. F: Valve, magnified view of valve, and stem of triphyllous pedicellaria from oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8D</figureCitation>
|
||
) by flexible neck about half as long as stem. Ophicephalous pedicellariae apparently absent on oral surface, but on aboral surface, extremely densely distributed (as many as 4/mm
|
||
<superScript id="87F8D367A31A8160FC1DFE65B69AFD94" attach="left" box="[917,925,510,524]" fontSize="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">2</superScript>
|
||
) all around peripheral portion of test inward from ambitus to point at which test slopes steeply upward towards apical system. Ophicephalous rare in this inner region, particularly proximal to apical system. Ophicephalous of typical
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31A8160FC34FDDCB132FDF9" box="[956,1077,583,609]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FC34FDDCB132FDF9" box="[956,1077,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphology (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31A8160FB5BFDDCB051FDF9" box="[1235,1366,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[173,1410,195,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-21@21.[151,1436,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., bleached pedicellarial valves and stems from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL. A: Series of valves from same ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. B: Stem of ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. C: Valve of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. D: Stem of of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. E: Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. F: Valve, magnified view of valve, and stem of triphyllous pedicellaria from oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Figs. 8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), with 3-valved jaw directly attached to top of vase-like stem (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31A8160FC8EFDF0B65AFD1D" box="[774,861,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[173,1410,195,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-21@21.[151,1436,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., bleached pedicellarial valves and stems from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL. A: Series of valves from same ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. B: Stem of ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. C: Valve of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. D: Stem of of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. E: Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. F: Valve, magnified view of valve, and stem of triphyllous pedicellaria from oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
), each valve connected to stereom meshwork in inner region of distal cup at top of stem by collagenous straps weaving between handles, inserting proximal to hinge of each valve. Handles always of three different lengths in single jaw, smallest nesting within medium-sized, then medium-sized within longest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31A8160FE65FD4CB74FFD69" box="[493,584,727,753]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[173,1410,195,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-21@21.[151,1436,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., bleached pedicellarial valves and stems from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL. A: Series of valves from same ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. B: Stem of ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. C: Valve of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. D: Stem of of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. E: Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. F: Valve, magnified view of valve, and stem of triphyllous pedicellaria from oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Distal part of each valve with rounded, helmet-shaped head, inner surface of head with unbroken, oval ring of>30 prominent, sharp teeth, usually 4–6 additional teeth between head and top of hinge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31A8160FE8BFC84B45AFCA1" box="[259,349,799,825]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="21.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[173,1410,195,1784]" captionTargetId="figure-21@21.[151,1436,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 8. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., bleached pedicellarial valves and stems from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL. A: Series of valves from same ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. B: Stem of ophicephalous pedicellaria on aboral surface. C: Valve of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. D: Stem of of small tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. E: Valve of large tridentate pedicellaria from oral surface. F: Valve, magnified view of valve, and stem of triphyllous pedicellaria from oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706629/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31A8160FF4FFCD8B738FBE5" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FF4FFCD8B428FCC5" box="[199,303,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tube feet</emphasis>
|
||
—Of respiratory and accessory
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA31A8160FD15FCD8B7DCFCC5" box="[669,731,835,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">types</typeStatus>
|
||
, as typical for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31A8160FC01FCD8B198FCC6" authority="(Mooi 1986)" baseAuthorityName="Mooi" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[905,1183,835,862]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FC01FCD8B105FCC5" box="[905,1026,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31A8160FB9BFCD8B190FCC6" author="Mooi, R." box="[1043,1175,835,862]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="75 - 90" refId="ref17951" refString="Mooi, R. (1986) Non-respiratory podia of clypeasteroids (Echinodermata, Echinoides): II. Diversity. Zoomorphology, 106, 75 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00312110" type="journal article" year="1986">Mooi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Respiratory tube feet leaf-like, straddling conjugated respiratory tube foot pores in petals as described above, lacking spicules. Accessory tube feet varying in size and shape, distributed as typical for other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31A8160FCFFFC10B6F7FC3D" baseAuthorityName="Mooi" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[887,1008,907,933]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FCFFFC10B6F7FC3D" box="[887,1008,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31A8160FC76FC10B179FC3D" author="Mooi, R." box="[1022,1150,907,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="75 - 90" refId="ref17951" refString="Mooi, R. (1986) Non-respiratory podia of clypeasteroids (Echinodermata, Echinoides): II. Diversity. Zoomorphology, 106, 75 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00312110" type="journal article" year="1986">Mooi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31A8160FB00FC10B05DFC3D" author="Telford, M. & Mooi, R. & Harold, A. S." box="[1160,1370,907,933]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="324 - 336" refId="ref18575" refString="Telford, M., Mooi, R. & Harold, A. S. (1987) Feeding activities of two species of Clypeaster (Echinoides, Clypeasteroida): Further evidence of clypeasteroid resource partitioning. Biological Bulletin, 172, 324 - 336. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1541712" type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
Telford
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FB68FC10B01FFC3D" box="[1248,1304,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), tube feet extending from unipores distributed on all ambulacral plates, occasionally on interambulacrals in areas bordering the ambulacra as well, although not on interambulacral basicoronals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31A8160FC50FC48B135FC75" box="[984,1074,978,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Smaller accessory tube feet in food grooves, small number of somewhat larger food groove tube feet just distal to slightly enlarged buccal tube feet as described for other species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31A8160FD95FB80B79AFBAE" author="Mooi, R." box="[541,669,1051,1078]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="75 - 90" refId="ref17951" refString="Mooi, R. (1986) Non-respiratory podia of clypeasteroids (Echinodermata, Echinoides): II. Diversity. Zoomorphology, 106, 75 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00312110" type="journal article" year="1986">Mooi 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Spicules in tips of accessories (not known for buccals) like those of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31A8160FF50FBA4B456FBC1" baseAuthorityName="Mooi" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[216,337,1087,1113]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FF50FBA4B456FBC1" box="[216,337,1087,1113]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but elaborate, with two to three concentric rings of fenestrae, and peripheral projections pointing both proximally and distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31A8160FE6BFBF8B735FBE5" box="[483,562,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1726,1750]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,195,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-25@20.[151,1435,181,1702]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 7. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., spines and spicules, all from holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL unless indicated otherwise.A: Bleached oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. B: Bleached aboral oral interambulacral primary spine with magnified tip and transverse section. C: Bleached oral interambulacral miliary spine. D: Bleached aboral interambulacral miliary spine. E: Bleached aboral ambulacral miliary spine. F: Bleached food groove miliary spine. G: Food groove in ambulacrum II just distal to peristome showing spination and tube feet. H: Bleached spicules from peristomial membrane of paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL. I: Bleached spicule from tip of tube foot on oral surface." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706627/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31A8160FF4FFB1CB665FB71" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FF4FFB1CB445FB39" box="[199,322,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Sphaeridia</emphasis>
|
||
—Two per ambulacrum, one in each ambulacral basicoronal, located at outer edges of food groove near peristome just distal to buccal tube feet (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31A8160FD21FB30B603FB5D" box="[681,772,1194,1221]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" captionTargetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-149@16.[151,1436,417,1714]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 5. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp. A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
), consisting of solid sphere of imperforate stereom inside chamber entirely enclosed within surrounding ambulacral plate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31A8160FF4FFB69B1E8FACD" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FF4FFB69B41CFA94" bold="true" box="[199,283,1266,1292]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
. Unknown in living specimens. Aboral surface of dried specimens brown to purplish or grayish brown, oral surface slightly paler, approaching beige in interambulacra of some specimens, centres of some plates slightly darker, particularly aborally, so that major sutures and tube foot fields stand out in contrast (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31A8160FB15FAA0B1E6FACD" box="[1181,1249,1339,1365]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1584,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetId="figure-194@10.[151,1436,561,1561]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., different views of holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706619" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706619/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31A8160FF4FFAC5B476FA59" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FF4FFAC5B45DFAE0" bold="true" box="[199,346,1374,1400]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Occurrence.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C0E57472A31A8160FEE8FAC4B476FA59" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3107297303" country="Philippines" county="Mindanao" elevation="150" location="Mactan Island" municipality="Balut Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cebu" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="AF36C08DA31A8160FEE8FAC4B4CFFAE1" box="[352,456,1375,1401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
collected by tangle net off
|
||
<location id="755228F4A31A8160FD72FAC4B69BFAE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F824CF39A31D817EFF1FFC6DB092F84E:755228F4A31A8160FD72FAC4B69BFAE1" box="[762,924,1375,1401]" country="Philippines" county="Mindanao" municipality="Balut Island" name="Mactan Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Cebu">Mactan Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B249B0CDA31A8160FC2FFAC4B6E2FAE1" box="[935,997,1375,1401]" country="Philippines" name="Cebu" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cebu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="089A3EBFA31A8160FC78FAC4B176FAE1" box="[1008,1137,1375,1401]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="668BB5A6A31A8160FBF4FAC4B01AFAE1" box="[1148,1309,1375,1401]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">four paratypes</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<location id="755228F4A31A8160FAE9FAC4B40EFA05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F824CF39A31D817EFF1FFC6DB092F84E:755228F4A31A8160FAE9FAC4B40EFA05" country="Philippines" county="Mindanao" municipality="Balut Island" name="Mactan Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Cebu">Mactan Island</location>
|
||
, four from
|
||
<location id="755228F4A31A8160FE04FA18B74EFA05" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F824CF39A31D817EFF1FFC6DB092F84E:755228F4A31A8160FE04FA18B74EFA05" box="[396,585,1411,1437]" country="Philippines" county="Mindanao" municipality="Balut Island" name="Balicasag Island" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" stateProvince="Cebu">Balicasag Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B249B0CDA31A8160FDDEFA18B79AFA05" box="[598,669,1411,1437]" country="Philippines" name="Bohol" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Bohol</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and three from
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="9056E455A31A8160FCD2FA18B6E0FA05" box="[858,999,1411,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Balut Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="995306A3A31A8160FC7CFA18B161FA05" box="[1012,1126,1411,1437]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Mindanao</collectingCounty>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E8B662AAA31A8160FBFEFA18B1BDFA05" box="[1142,1210,1411,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,250,887,911]" captionTargetBox="[159,1436,179,861]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[152,1436,179,861]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 1. Clypeaster brigitteae n. sp., maps showing location of Philippines, and of three localities from which specimens were collected (adapted from googleearth.com).A: Holotype CASIZ 234824; paratypes CASIZ 234822, 234823, 234826, 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines. B: Paratypes CASIZ 234819 to 234821, 234825, Balicasag Island, Philippines. C: Paratypes CASIZ 187409, 187411, 187450, Balut Island, Mindanao, Philippines." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706615/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D0F4B94A31A8160FB41FA18B01BFA05" box="[1225,1308,1411,1437]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="TABLE 1. Material of Philippine Clypeaster studied. Instutional abbreviations listed in text (Material and Methods). Not necessarily all figured herein, but used for data collection, assessment of variation." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24F22EA7A317816DFF1FFF0CB10EFF4B" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" tableUuid="24F22EA7A317816DFF1FFF0CB10EFF4B">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
), at depths from
|
||
<quantity id="B775D3CAA31A8160FF5DFA3CB46BFA59" box="[213,364,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">
|
||
<elevation id="FBA0991CA31A8160FF5DFA3CB46BFA59" box="[213,364,1447,1473]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="m" value="150.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="100.0">100 to 200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38972DA4A31A8160FF4FFA51B4D4F979" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31A8160FF4FFA51B4D4F979" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FF4FFA51B420FA7C" bold="true" box="[199,295,1482,1508]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31A8160FEB9FA50B4C6FA7D" authority="Mooi & Noordenburg, 2021" authorityName="Mooi & Noordenburg" authorityYear="2021" box="[305,449,1483,1509]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brigitteae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FEB9FA50B4C6FA7D" box="[305,449,1483,1509]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. brigitteae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FE42FA50B70BFA7D" bold="true" box="[458,524,1483,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59CA1F46A31A8160FE42FA50B70BFA7D" box="[458,524,1483,1509]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has not been observed in its habitat, but gut and food groove contents suggest that it lives on soft bottoms with low particle size ranges. Food preferences are only partially known, because the gut contents are significantly broken up or pulverized, presumably by chewing action of the lantern (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31A8160FA80F988B5D4F9C9" author="Telford, M. & Mooi, R. & Harold, A. S." pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="324 - 336" refId="ref18575" refString="Telford, M., Mooi, R. & Harold, A. S. (1987) Feeding activities of two species of Clypeaster (Echinoides, Clypeasteroida): Further evidence of clypeasteroid resource partitioning. Biological Bulletin, 172, 324 - 336. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 1541712" type="journal article" year="1987">
|
||
Telford
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FAECF988B09AF9B5" box="[1380,1437,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1987
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Materials remaining in the food grooves suggest that the animal is a detritivore, with some preference for foraminiferans. However, as the specimens were primarily collected by tangle net, material normally gathered by the animals before capture could have been lost, and no quantitative assessments were possible. Low gonopore size suggests that the species possesses planktotrophic larvae (F. Armstrong and R. Mooi unpublished data concerning gonopore size in the genus).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="38972DA4A31A817EFF4FF970B092F84E" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31A8160FF4FF970B063F80D" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FF4FF970B43CF89D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1771,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31A8160FECBF970B736F89D" authority="Mooi & Noordenburg, 2021" authorityName="Mooi & Noordenburg" authorityYear="2021" box="[323,561,1771,1797]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brigitteae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FECBF970B736F89D" box="[323,561,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clypeaster brigitteae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FDB1F970B77FF89D" bold="true" box="[569,632,1771,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59CA1F46A31A8160FDB1F970B77FF89D" box="[569,632,1771,1797]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
appears to fit some of the features listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31A8160FBF9F970B04DF89E" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1137,1354,1771,1798]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref18240" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. IV, 2. Clypeastroida. Clypeastridae, Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen (1948b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the section (or subgenus)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31A8160FE05F894B7F6F8B1" authority="A. Agassiz, 1863" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1863" box="[397,753,1807,1833]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Stolonoclypus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FE05F894B72DF8B1" box="[397,554,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Stolonoclypus</emphasis>
|
||
A.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31A8160FDC7F894B7F6F8B1" author="Agassiz, A." box="[591,753,1807,1833]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="17 - 28" refId="ref16672" refString="Agassiz, A. (1863) List of the echinoderms sent to different institutions in exchange for other specimens, with annotations. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 1, 17 - 28." type="journal article" year="1863">Agassiz, 1863</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, given the well-developed bars and walls of the internal skeleton. However, even
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31A8160FE0AF8A8B785F8D5" author="Mortensen, T." box="[386,642,1843,1869]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref18240" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 b) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. IV, 2. Clypeastroida. Clypeastridae, Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen (1948b: 88)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was concerned that the “numerous species here enclosed in this section evidently do not form a natural group”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31A8160FDDAF8CCB65EF8E9" author="Mihaljevic, M. & Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B." box="[594,857,1879,1905]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" pagination="21 - 38" refId="ref17815" refString="Mihaljevic, M., Jerjen, I. & Smith, A. B. (2011) The test architecture of Clypeaster (Echinoidea, Clypeasteroida) and its phylogenetic significance. Zootaxa, 2983 (1), 21 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2983.1.2" type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mihaljević
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FD5AF8CCB60EF8E9" box="[722,777,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were also unable to recover these so-called subgenera as monophyletic taxa, and this nomenclature is therefore abandoned, as indicated in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA31A8160FBF8F8E0B058F80D" author="Kroh, A. & Mooi, R." box="[1136,1375,1915,1941]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" refId="ref17384" refString="Kroh, A. & Mooi, R. (2020) World Echinoidea Database. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / echinoidea (accessed 15 May 2020) https: // doi. org / 10.14284 / 355" type="url" year="2020">Kroh & Mooi (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA31A817FFF4FF804B659FE11" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="16.[151,1437,151,393]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31A8160FF4FF804B451F821" authority="Mooi & Noordenburg, 2021" authorityName="Mooi & Noordenburg" authorityYear="2021" box="[199,342,1951,1977]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brigitteae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FF4FF804B451F821" box="[199,342,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. brigitteae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FED6F804B499F821" bold="true" box="[350,414,1951,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59CA1F46A31A8160FED6F804B499F821" box="[350,414,1951,1977]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is most easily distinguished from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA31A8160FC05F804B101F821" baseAuthorityName="Mooi" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[909,1030,1951,1977]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA31A8160FC05F804B101F821" box="[909,1030,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
through the combination of several conspicuous features, such as low density of respiratory tube feet in the petals, all of which are also widely open, and low density of aboral primary spines (or tubercles on cleaned individuals). Of all known Atlantic species, only
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA305817FFF1FFF20B4F3FF4D" authority="H. L. Clark, 1941" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1941" box="[151,500,187,213]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cyclopilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA305817FFF1FFF20B42CFF4D" box="[151,299,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. cyclopilus</emphasis>
|
||
H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA305817FFEE5FF20B4F3FF4D" author="Clark, H. L." box="[365,500,187,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref16999" refString="Clark, H. L. (1941) Reports on the scientific results of the Atlantis expeditions to the West Indies, under the joint auspices of the University of Havana and Harvard University. The Echinoderms (other than holothurians). Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 15, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1941">Clark, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA305817FFD89FF20B652FF4D" authority="H. L. Clark, 1941" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1941" box="[513,853,187,213]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="euclastus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA305817FFD89FF20B78CFF4D" box="[513,651,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. euclastus</emphasis>
|
||
H.L.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA305817FFD46FF20B652FF4D" author="Clark, H. L." box="[718,853,187,213]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 154" refId="ref16999" refString="Clark, H. L. (1941) Reports on the scientific results of the Atlantis expeditions to the West Indies, under the joint auspices of the University of Havana and Harvard University. The Echinoderms (other than holothurians). Memorias de la Sociedad Cubana de Historia Natural, 15, 1 - 154." type="journal article" year="1941">Clark, 1941</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA305817FFC1AFF20B1F4FF4E" authority="(A. Agassiz, 1869)" baseAuthorityName="A. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1869" box="[914,1267,187,214]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ravenelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA305817FFC1AFF20B11FFF4D" box="[914,1048,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. ravenelii</emphasis>
|
||
(A.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA305817FFBC2FF20B1EDFF4E" author="Agassiz, A." box="[1098,1258,187,214]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="253 - 308" refId="ref16713" refString="Agassiz, A. (1869) Preliminary report on the Echini and star-fishes dredged in deep water between Cuba and the Florida Reef, by L. F. de Pourtales, Assist. U. S. Coast Survey. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 1, 253 - 308." type="journal article" year="1869">Agassiz, 1869</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have all petals even slightly similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA305817FFE74FF44B78EFF61" authority="Mooi & Noordenburg, 2021" authorityName="Mooi & Noordenburg" authorityYear="2021" box="[508,649,223,249]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brigitteae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA305817FFE74FF44B78EFF61" box="[508,649,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. brigitteae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA305817FFD07FF44B7CAFF61" bold="true" box="[655,717,223,249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59CA1F46A305817FFD07FF44B7CAFF61" box="[655,717,223,249]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in terms of continuously diverging pore pair columns. However, these species all differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA305817FFE55FE98B76BFE85" authority="Mooi & Noordenburg, 2021" authorityName="Mooi & Noordenburg" authorityYear="2021" box="[477,620,259,285]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brigitteae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA305817FFE55FE98B76BFE85" box="[477,620,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. brigitteae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA305817FFDFDFE98B7B2FE85" bold="true" box="[629,693,259,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59CA1F46A305817FFDFDFE98B7B2FE85" box="[629,693,259,285]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in several other respects, including that the petals are very small in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA305817FFF3EFEBCB44DFED9" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1941" box="[182,330,295,321]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="cyclopilus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA305817FFF3EFEBCB44DFED9" box="[182,330,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. cyclopilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the test is extremely flat in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA305817FFD1CFEBCB619FED9" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1941" box="[660,798,295,321]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="euclastus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA305817FFD1CFEBCB619FED9" box="[660,798,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. euclastus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and strongly pentangular with an inflated margin in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA305817FFA0BFEBCB5FCFEFD" baseAuthorityName="A. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1869" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ravenelii">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA305817FFA0BFEBCB5FCFEFD" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. ravenelii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Among Indo-Pacific forms,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA305817FFDCDFED0B6C8FEFD" authority="(Tenison-Woods, 1878)" baseAuthorityName="Tenison-Woods" baseAuthorityYear="1878" box="[581,975,331,357]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tumidus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA305817FFDCDFED0B7C7FEFD" box="[581,704,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">C. tumidus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA305817FFD46FED0B6C0FEFD" author="Tenison-Woods, J. E." box="[718,967,331,357]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" pagination="145 - 176" refId="ref18633" refString="Tenison-Woods, J. E. (1878) The Echini of Australia. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 2, 145 - 176." type="journal article" year="1878">Tenison-Woods, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has continuously diverging petals, but is found only in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="089A3EBFA305817FFEBCFEF4B499FE11" box="[308,414,367,393]" name="Australia" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and has an extremely high, domed test.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="24F22EA7A305817FFF1FF952B00BF845" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4706623" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4706623" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4706623/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" startId="16.[151,250,1737,1761]" targetBox="[164,1425,431,1702]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA305817FFF1FF952B00BF845" blockId="16.[151,1437,1737,2013]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA305817FFF1FF952B414F979" bold="true" box="[151,275,1737,1761]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA305817FFE91F952B4F7F979" authority="Mooi & Noordenburg, 2021" authorityName="Mooi & Noordenburg" authorityYear="2021" box="[281,496,1737,1761]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brigitteae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA305817FFE91F952B4F7F979" box="[281,496,1737,1761]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Clypeaster brigitteae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA305817FFE7DF952B729F979" bold="true" box="[501,558,1737,1761]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59CA1F46A305817FFE7DF952B729F979" box="[501,558,1737,1761]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A: paratype CASIZ 234827, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 73.0 mm TL, oral view of bleached test, ambulacrum III at top. B: Drawing of oral view of same specimen as in A, showing plate architecture (interambulacral plates shaded, peristome and periproct in solid black). C: Holotype CASIZ 234824, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 93.8 mm TL, detail of periproct. D: Paratype CASIZ 234823, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippines, 94.6 mm TL, drawing of detail of peristomial region centred on ambulacrum II, with interambulacral basicoronals 1 and 2 (shaded), showing plate pattern (solid lines), position of food groove (fine, broken lines on either side of perradial suture), primary tuberculation (paired concentric circles, miliary tubercles omitted), accessory tube foot pores (small dots), buccal tube foot pores (larger, teardrop-shaped dots in ambulacrum near peristome), and positions of sphaeridia (shaded, dotted circles in ambulacrum near peristome).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA304817EFF4FFF0CB736FE11" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Some characters used in previous descriptions of new taxa in the genus have proven unreliable in the distinction of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA304817EFF62FF20B47FFF4D" authority="Mooi & Noordenburg, 2021" authorityName="Mooi & Noordenburg" authorityYear="2021" box="[234,376,187,213]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brigitteae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF62FF20B47FFF4D" box="[234,376,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. brigitteae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFE08FF20B4C7FF4D" bold="true" box="[384,448,187,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59CA1F46A304817EFE08FF20B4C7FF4D" box="[384,448,187,213]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, and for this reason, they have not been emphasized in the present tabular comparisons of Philippine
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA304817EFEBEFF44B4A8FF61" baseAuthorityName="Mooi" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[310,431,223,249]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFEBEFF44B4A8FF61" box="[310,431,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For example, the hyaline point on primary spines used by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA304817EFBE1FF44B00DFF61" author="Serafy, D. K." box="[1129,1290,223,249]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="165 - 170" refId="ref18483" refString="Serafy, D. K. (1971) A new species of Clypeaster (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) from San Felix Island, with a key to the recent species of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Pacific Science, 25, 165 - 170." type="journal article" year="1971">Serafy (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, needs to be reassessed for all taxa, because the primary spines of all the species examined herein have a hyaline point to some degree, except for oral spines of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA304817EFD89FEBCB78FFED8" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1885" box="[513,648,295,321]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="virescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFD89FEBCB78FFED8" box="[513,648,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. virescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA304817EFD35FEBCB64AFED9" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[701,845,295,321]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="latissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFD35FEBCB64AFED9" box="[701,845,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. latissimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in which spines are distally spatulate (
|
||
<tableCitation id="3D0F4B94A304817EFA88FEBCB051FED9" box="[1280,1366,294,321]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="22.[151,239,558,584]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="TABLE 5. Tuberculation and external appendage characteristics of all species of Clypeaster recorded to occur in the Philippines (* = feature based on images or examination of type material). C. japonicus is included as it has been recorded in the Philippines by collectors, and further suspected to occur there on the basis of a specimen identified as that species by the authors (CASIZ 232217)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24F22EA7A3038179FF1FFDB5B742FD08" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="24F22EA7A3038179FF1FFDB5B742FD08">Table 5</tableCitation>
|
||
). This suggests that the degree to which this point is expressed is dependent on the condition of the spines, which are often worn or broken in museum material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA304817EFF4FFE08B4C8FD81" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,537]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The presence or absence of stereom meshwork in the axial cavity of spines, a character also used in some keys (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA304817EFF17FE2CB42BFE49" author="Serafy, D. K." box="[159,300,439,465]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="165 - 170" refId="ref18483" refString="Serafy, D. K. (1971) A new species of Clypeaster (Echinodermata, Echinoidea) from San Felix Island, with a key to the recent species of the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Pacific Science, 25, 165 - 170." type="journal article" year="1971">Serafy 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), is similarly not reliable because it is variably expressed within a given taxon. In several Philippine species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA304817EFEE0FE40B4F0FE6D" authority="Mooi & Noordenburg, 2021" authorityName="Mooi & Noordenburg" authorityYear="2021" box="[360,503,475,501]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brigitteae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFEE0FE40B4F0FE6D" box="[360,503,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. brigitteae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFE76FE40B739FE6D" bold="true" box="[510,574,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59CA1F46A304817EFE76FE40B739FE6D" box="[510,574,475,501]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, even spines from a single specimen can have either a dense meshwork or a narrow, hollow axial cavity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="24F22EA7A304817EFF1FFDD3B453FD55" ID-Table-UUID="24F22EA7A304817EFF1FFDD3B453FD55" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/24F22EA7A304817EFF1FFDD3B453FD55" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[151,239,584,608]" targetBox="[163,1428,732,1936]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA304817EFF1FFDD3B453FD55" blockId="17.[151,1437,584,717]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF1FFDD3B40BFDF8" bold="true" box="[151,268,584,608]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Petal and food groove characteristics of all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA304817EFCEDFDD3B6DEFDF8" baseAuthorityName="Mooi" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[869,985,584,608]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFCEDFDD3B6DEFDF8" box="[869,985,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recorded to occur in the Philippines (* = feature based on images or examination of type material).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA304817EFC82FDF6B696FD1C" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1885" box="[778,913,621,644]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFC82FDF6B696FD1C" box="[778,913,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is included as it has been recorded in the Philippines by collectors, and further suspected to occur there on the basis of a specimen identified as that species by the authors (CASIZ 232217).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA304817EFF2BFD47B08DF808" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<table id="028D8C8FA3047E90FF2BFD47B093F808" box="[163,1428,732,1936]" colsContinueIn="18.[163,1428,203,906]" gridcols="8" gridrows="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3047E90FF2BFD47B093FCF2" box="[163,1428,732,874]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3047E90FF2BFD47B418FCF2" box="[163,287,732,874]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF2BFD47B416FC89" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA304817EFF2BFD62B416FC89" baseAuthorityName="Mooi" baseAuthorityYear="1986" box="[163,273,761,785]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF2BFD62B416FC89" bold="true" box="[163,273,761,785]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Clypeaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3047E90FEC1FD47B4D5FCF2" box="[329,466,732,874]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFEC6FD47B4CAFD6C" bold="true" box="[334,461,732,756]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Petal Shape</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3047E90FD89FD47B746FCF2" box="[513,577,732,874]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFD8EFD47B733FC89" bold="true" box="[518,573,732,785]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Petal Size</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFDBBFD63B73DFC9E" bold="true" box="[563,570,760,774]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3047E90FDF8FD47B7D8FCF2" box="[624,735,732,874]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFDF8FD47B7CAFCB7" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Petal Pore Pair Density</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFD45FC8DB7D3FCBC" bold="true" box="[717,724,790,804]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3047E90FC83FD47B68BFCF2" box="[779,908,732,874]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFC9DFD47B686FCF1" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18"># Primary Tubercles Between Respiratory Pore Pairs</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFC09FCCBB68FFCC6" bold="true" box="[897,904,848,862]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3047E90FC34FD47B131FCF2" box="[956,1078,732,874]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFC34FD47B100FCD4" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18"># Occluded Plates in Petal IVa</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFB80FCA8B108FCD9" bold="true" box="[1032,1039,819,833]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">4</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3047E90FBDDFD47B1C8FCF2" box="[1109,1231,732,874]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFBDDFD47B1A2FCD4" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18"># Occluded Plates in Petal IIIb</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFB2CFCA8B1ACFCD9" bold="true" box="[1188,1195,819,833]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">4</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3047E90FA9EFD47B093FCF2" box="[1302,1428,732,874]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFAB1FD47B07CFC8A" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Food grooves</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFAF2FD63B086FC9E" bold="true" box="[1402,1409,760,774]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3047E90FF2BFCE2B093FC72" box="[163,1428,889,1002]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3047E90FF2BFCE2B418FC72" box="[163,287,889,1002]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF2BFCE2B418FC37" bold="true" box="[163,287,889,943]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA304817EFF2BFCE2B401FC09" authority="Mooi & Noordenburg, 2021" authorityName="Mooi & Noordenburg" authorityYear="2021" box="[163,262,889,913]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="brigitteae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF2BFCE2B401FC09" bold="true" box="[163,262,889,913]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">brigitteae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="59CA1F46A304817EFF2BFC0CB418FC37" box="[163,287,919,943]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FEC1FCE2B4D5FC72" box="[329,466,889,1002]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">All open, distal 1/2 of columns parallel*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FD89FCE2B746FC72" box="[513,577,889,1002]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">~.6*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FDF8FCE2B7D8FC72" box="[624,735,889,1002]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5–8*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FC83FCE2B68BFC72" box="[779,908,889,1002]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1–2*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FC34FCE2B131FC72" box="[956,1078,889,1002]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">2*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FBDDFCE2B1C8FC72" box="[1109,1231,889,1002]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">1*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FA9EFCE2B093FC72" box="[1302,1428,889,1002]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">welldefined, ending short of ambitus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3047E90FF2BFC62B093FB5A" box="[163,1428,1017,1218]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3047E90FF2BFC62B418FB5A" box="[163,287,1017,1218]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA304817EFF2BFC62B5D1FBD4" authority="Koehler, 1922" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1922" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="annandalei">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF2BFC62B5D1FBD4" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF2BFC62B41EFB89" bold="true" box="[163,281,1017,1041]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">annandalei</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA304817EFF2BFB8CB5D1FBD4" author="Koehler, R." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="5 - 161" refId="ref17315" refString="Koehler, R. (1922) Echinides du Musee Indien a Calcutta, II. Clypeastrides et Cassidulides. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, 9, 5 - 161." type="journal article" year="1922">Koehler, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FEC1FC62B4D5FB5A" box="[329,466,1017,1218]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Anterior open, posterior paired petals with columns converging distally*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FD89FC62B746FB5A" box="[513,577,1017,1218]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">~.6*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FDF8FC62B7D8FB5A" box="[624,735,1017,1218]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6–8*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FC83FC62B68BFB5A" box="[779,908,1017,1218]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3–4*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FC34FC62B131FB5A" box="[956,1078,1017,1218]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5–6*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FBDDFC62B1C8FB5A" box="[1109,1231,1017,1218]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">4–5*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FA9EFC62B093FB5A" box="[1302,1428,1017,1218]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">well- defined, ending at ambitus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3047E90FF2BFB4AB093FAF8" box="[163,1428,1233,1376]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3047E90FF2BFB4AB418FAF8" box="[163,287,1233,1376]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA304817EFF2BFB4AB5D1FABC" authority="Koehler, 1922" authorityName="Koehler" authorityYear="1922" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="fervens">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF2BFB4AB5D1FABC" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF2BFB4AB5E8FB71" bold="true" box="[163,239,1233,1257]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">fervens</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA304817EFF2BFB74B5D1FABC" author="Koehler, R." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="5 - 161" refId="ref17315" refString="Koehler, R. (1922) Echinides du Musee Indien a Calcutta, II. Clypeastrides et Cassidulides. Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, 9, 5 - 161." type="journal article" year="1922">Koehler, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FEC1FB4AB4D5FAF8" box="[329,466,1233,1376]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Columns of all converging distally*, but variable</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FD89FB4AB746FAF8" box="[513,577,1233,1376]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">~.6*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FDF8FB4AB7D8FAF8" box="[624,735,1233,1376]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">9–12*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FC83FB4AB68BFAF8" box="[779,908,1233,1376]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3–4*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FC34FB4AB131FAF8" box="[956,1078,1233,1376]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">4–5*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FBDDFB4AB1C8FAF8" box="[1109,1231,1233,1376]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">4*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FA9EFB4AB093FAF8" box="[1302,1428,1233,1376]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">well- defined, ending short of ambitus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3047E90FF2BFA17B093FA65" box="[163,1428,1420,1533]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3047E90FF2BFA17B418FA65" box="[163,287,1420,1533]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA304817EFF2BFA17B5D9FA47" authority="(Leske, 1778)" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="humilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF2BFA17B5D9FA47" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF2BFA17B5F5FA3C" bold="true" box="[163,242,1420,1444]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">humilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA304817EFF23FA31B5D0FA47" author="Leske, N. G." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref17672" refString="Leske, N. G. (1778) Jacobi Theodori Klein naturalis dispositio echinodermatum …, edita et descriptionibus novisque inventis et synonomis auctorem aucta. Addimenta ad I. T. Klein naturalem dispositionem Echinodermatum. G. E. Beer, Leipzig, xxii + 278 pp." type="book" year="1778">Leske, 1778</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FEC1FA17B4D5FA65" box="[329,466,1420,1533]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Columns of all converging distally</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FD89FA17B746FA65" box="[513,577,1420,1533]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">.5–.6</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FDF8FA17B7D8FA65" box="[624,735,1420,1533]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">10–13</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FC83FA17B68BFA65" box="[779,908,1420,1533]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">5–13</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FC34FA17B131FA65" box="[956,1078,1420,1533]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">8–10</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FBDDFA17B1C8FA65" box="[1109,1231,1420,1533]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">8</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FA9EFA17B093FA65" box="[1302,1428,1420,1533]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">well- defined, ending short of ambitus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3047E90FF2BF9B1B093F96B" box="[163,1428,1578,1779]" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3047E90FF2BF9B1B418F96B" box="[163,287,1578,1779]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA304817EFF2BF9B1B5D1F9E5" authority="Doderlein, 1885" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityYear="1885" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="japonicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF2BF9B1B5D1F9E5" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF2BF9B1B40FF9DA" bold="true" box="[163,264,1578,1602]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">japonicus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA304817EFF2BF9DCB5D1F9E5" author="Doderlein, L." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="73 - 112" refId="ref17129" refString="Doderlein, L. (1885) Seeigel von Japan un den Liu-Kiu-Inselin. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 51, 73 - 112. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 1569" type="journal article" year="1885">Döderlein, 1885</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FEC1F9B1B4D5F96B" box="[329,466,1578,1779]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Anterior open, posterior paired petals with columns converging distally*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FD89F9B1B746F96B" box="[513,577,1578,1779]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">>.7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FDF8F9B1B7D8F96B" box="[624,735,1578,1779]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6–7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FC83F9B1B68BF96B" box="[779,908,1578,1779]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">4–7</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FC34F9B1B131F96B" box="[956,1078,1578,1779]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6–8</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FBDDF9B1B1C8F96B" box="[1109,1231,1578,1779]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">3–4</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FA9EF9B1B093F96B" box="[1302,1428,1578,1779]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">well- defined, short, ending about 1/3 length from ambitus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="CEBD7C6DA3047E90FF2BF8BBB093F808" box="[163,1428,1824,1936]" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<th id="8D6C1511A3047E90FF2BF8BBB418F808" box="[163,287,1824,1936]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B78D05ACA304817EFF2BF8BBB5D9F8EA" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="latissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF2BF8BBB5D9F8EA" bold="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFF2BF8BBB40CF8A0" bold="true" box="[163,267,1824,1848]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">latissimus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="141C03DEA304817EFF23F8A6B5D0F8EA" author="Lamarck, J. - B." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" refId="ref17545" refString="Lamarck, J. - B. (1816) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leur classes, leurs familles, leurs generes, et le citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une Introduction offrant la Determination des caracteres essentielles de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Tome Troisieme. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 40014" type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FEC1F8BBB4D5F808" box="[329,466,1824,1936]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Columns of all converging distally*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FD89F8BBB746F808" box="[513,577,1824,1936]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">.5–.6*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FDF8F8BBB7D8F808" box="[624,735,1824,1936]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">7*–8</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FC83F8BBB68BF808" box="[779,908,1824,1936]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">15–20* (10–12 in Philippine specimens)</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FC34F8BBB131F808" box="[956,1078,1824,1936]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FBDDF8BBB1C8F808" box="[1109,1231,1824,1936]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">6*</td>
|
||
<td id="8D6C1511A3047E90FA9EF8BBB093F808" box="[1302,1428,1824,1936]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">well- defined, ending short of ambitus</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70327E2FA304817EFBE3F824B092F84E" blockId="17.[1131,1429,1983,2007]" box="[1131,1429,1983,2007]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="42F9A23DA304817EFBE3F824B092F84E" box="[1131,1429,1983,2007]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">...Continued on the next page</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |