240 lines
24 KiB
XML
240 lines
24 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="BBF61D35D0B0101F2058E0E9CBF8F746">From hell's heart I stab at thee! A determined approach towards a monophyletic Pteromalidae and reclassification of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera)</mods:title>
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, 1988. Type genus:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C04141B778BFB9CB7F088DC75FB62C32" class="Insecta" family="Metapelmatidae" genus="Metapelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metapelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Metapelma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Westwood, 1835.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5DCA3EE54CE8CFCA7ACDDE98F60055F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="A3D726D71B23F67916B94054AE348637" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="24B5839CF3A2A2848E8DBB62E717163F" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Antenna with 11 flagellomeres, including 3 clavomeres. Eyes ventrally divergent. Clypeus with truncate apical margin. Labrum subquadrate, exposed. Mandibles with a ventral tooth and a dorsal weakly emarginate truncation or with 3 teeth. Subforaminal bridge with postgenal bridge separating secondary posterior tentorial pits from hypostoma; hypostomal carina convergent. Axilla transverse, approximated medially. Mesoscutellum with apex rounded; axillular groove or carina present. Frenum absent. Acropleuron enlarged, convex and pad-like, covering most of mesopleural area but separated from metacoxa by mesepimeron and metapleuron (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E9E5425E5229E6435EF4798F388E0CBC" captionStart="Figures 115–120" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 115 - 120. 115, 116 Keirana sp. (Megastigmidae, Keiraninae) 115 wing 116 metasoma lateral view 117, 118 Metapelma sp. (Metapelmatidae) 117 mesosoma lateral view 118 apex of mesotibia and mesotarsus 119, 120 Neanastatus sp. (Neanastatidae) 119 mesosoma lateral view 120 mesosoma ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures115-120" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781083" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">117</figureCitation>
|
||
). All legs with 5 tarsomeres; protibial spur stout and curved; basitarsal comb longitudinal; ventral membranous area anterior to mesocoxal attachment absent; mesotibial spur stout; mesotarsus with 1 row of pegs anteroventrally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="450EEF6BD39337B9D92E3EA75BA59FD4" captionStart="Figures 115–120" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figures 115 - 120. 115, 116 Keirana sp. (Megastigmidae, Keiraninae) 115 wing 116 metasoma lateral view 117, 118 Metapelma sp. (Metapelmatidae) 117 mesosoma lateral view 118 apex of mesotibia and mesotarsus 119, 120 Neanastatus sp. (Neanastatidae) 119 mesosoma lateral view 120 mesosoma ventral view." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.94.94263.figures115-120" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/781083" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">118</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metasoma with separate Mt8 and Mt9 in females, without syntergum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C78A23C5188029AE5884B5D68986BCEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="5691B0FF3E3DDF1CCDB1AACF1CDFD523" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="72A7212530CE8CDB2FF2171AA6D265BF" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Next-generation molecular data (Cruaud et al., submitted) consistently place
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3E8B82F430BDD3598D2A69D7EB5FD28" class="Insecta" family="Neanastatidae" genus="Metapelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metapelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2D444FBDB7703E8BCBF5CF3DEAC06995" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Metapelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Westwood far from its former position in what is now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7C4133D85C3E1CDE34CBE4C27749161" family="Neanastatidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Neanastatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, instead most frequently as the sister group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="62FF2589807C6007C970C898262B37B0" family="Macromesidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Macromesidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
+
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33B993A37848E99F6D40DBB95E1085C2" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Cleonymidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Cleonymidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. There is only minor, and not consistently diagnostic, resemblance between these three groups, and therefore
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77FADD19576E70FD408FF569890F62A2" family="Metapelmatidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Metapelmatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
revised status is restored from synonymy as a separate family. The difference between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22BF7C4D2143E0E4CF96DC185AD23C46" family="Metapelmatidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Metapelmatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C898F1864321346BA754EA8AAF28EEA1" family="Neanastatidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Neanastatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is subtle but present, in that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CB9EE335381CC56D0B04AF164D4E95A" family="Neanastatidae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Neanastatidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
do not have the mesopleural area separated from the metacoxa by the mesepimeron and metapleuron.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7769543D6FF55829E9B6104FB8577330" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Eopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eopelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="C79C1560103EFEB899646679C5BE610E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Eopelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs in several respects, including having fewer flagellomeres with an undivided clava, and does not bear any resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9041A6A7C29873F8757E22E45F80934A" class="Insecta" family="Neanastatidae" genus="Metapelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Metapelma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="FB0F48A4F0DBBFB88A158B4AD4864678" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="13">Metapelma</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE15DFEC7106EF080134BF38FD0DB152" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eupelmidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ in ways explained by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="52A7475C83ED7C8BDF092BD04D6016E8" DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" author="Gibson, GAP" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 121" refId="B19" refString="Gibson, GAP, 1989. Phylogeny and classification of Eupelmidae, with a revision of the world genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 149: 1 - 121, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" title="Phylogeny and classification of Eupelmidae, with a revision of the world genera of Calosotinae and Metapelmatinae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/entm121149fv" volume="149" year="1989">Gibson (1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A6B3BD1B18E0805EC01DC9E4579F8128" author="Gibson, GAP" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" refId="B20" refString="Gibson, GAP, 1995. Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 5: [v +] 421." title="Parasitic wasps of the subfamily Eupelminae: classification and revision of world genera (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 5: [v +] 421." year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but notably by having a membranous area anterior to the mesocoxal attachment ventrally. Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57176320ABBA4F6A320F1FBA27A2D7AC" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1833" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="13" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eupelminae">Eupelminae</taxonomicName>
|
||
additionally do not have an expanded acropleuron and all the associated modifications of the mesosoma and mid legs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |