204 lines
34 KiB
XML
204 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="8DB401691E9DD5DFB8F46A8A1CDF5C29" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2fdd92dd-d05d-40b6-abd0-6a94f7877fe0" ModsDocID="z00531p001" checkinTime="1246977409782" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Heok Hee Ng" docDate="2004" docId="F7AEE3576C26FA0BC32EDF78CEAF803B" docLanguage="en" docName="2004_Ng2_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 531" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2558C86-B7AE-4D51-8B44-0BB2828F100C" docTitle="Microsynodontis Boulenger" docType="treatment" docVersion="13" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="CC20265B25C8D7A9D293F5D2AAB676B8" masterDocTitle="The Microsynodontis (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Mochokidae) of the lower Guinea region, west central Africa, with the description of eight new species." masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1701313993303" updateUser="plazi">
|
|
<mods:mods id="E817DC76CA04A01EEF83430AE8EB05EC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="B1877D2028FD633872D0CA5BE1A9C7FA">
|
|
<mods:title id="E82FED6AD01AAF5092CF41793A11B5D6">The Microsynodontis (Teleostei: Siluriformes: Mochokidae) of the lower Guinea region, west central Africa, with the description of eight new species.</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="0F8E6F45010368C2F4779A840CE84231" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="1830F994A4BA54C11346B3D20E233813">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="1E6774ED4BE0426C5368691455DF1EA3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="BD6DCD895CC109F587211EB4E6DF00C4">Heok Hee Ng</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="30A6574D0D2974ACCA4806D82CA7BEFC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="40FA0FD0C43AE21B5EE322B04F94A76D" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="086A01CD06D52779C63EEDFFE79D0CD0">
|
|
<mods:title id="EA636C6D1F4AB816A9FDB605489BFAB0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="BB74584747599EA14915D8335D2EF257">
|
|
<mods:date id="F763F31939C1305504AA8855C7BBD132">2004</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="10C8627EB6E5AC6F59264921CB069EA6" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="59AABD37B6442B880823F5464E670480">531</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="C0CB81C9B4C95BA577FC127B2BA5A28E" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="A39A3077CE2E872456032B1FD6E84312">1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="40EDA5EF16014DCD58C9166B5B5C3304">52</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="ED147329F30048BB97F96A529969A667">
|
|
<mods:url id="03CFB63F15DA8AD94F97CD7AADA61E24">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2558C86-B7AE-4D51-8B44-0BB2828F100C</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="B940E754028591290CC1830069E23A29">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="56F0A3CE09C7BF1B323A54E9D3EB3FC1" type="Plazi-Custom">z00531p001</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="F7AEE3576C26FA0BC32EDF78CEAF803B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6270924" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100119278" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6270924" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F7AEE3576C26FA0BC32EDF78CEAF803B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F7AEE3576C26FA0BC32EDF78CEAF803B" lastPageNumber="50" pageNumber="43">
|
|
<subSubSection id="F97AD8492FD56463796FEDF1506B6D3F" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="459B23CB456A82B26C654BF3BAEF6F69">
|
|
[[ Genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9F2FF12B8F3B25CF35DC6CEFBEC76AF0" ID-CoL="5SHC" ID-ENA="390413" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis Boulenger</taxonomicName>
|
|
]]
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="ED506AEFFF86D10928BF565636E89ACA" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="DEEE90842B4F77A3A5BCDC286EEE089C" pageNumber="43">Discussion</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7F831AE6874EC47C274256F0C1F7215F" lastPageNumber="44" pageNumber="43">
|
|
The identification of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="99911539FBF0E0EA81CD1838DF10FBBB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
species is often difficult, primarily because of the large amounts of purported variation observed in biometrics and color (Poll & Gosse, 1963; Matthes, 1964); one outcome of this observation was the synonymy of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="04050E54BD6BEFD2158E22734032250D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3D4D06C3-7DA0-4BE6-B2B5-D09FCE764FCE" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis christyi Boulenger 1920:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="christyi">M. christyi</taxonomicName>
|
|
with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3759084694EBB1E9EE59E953A0D50A2E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBDC9D70-13DA-4626-9564-2CF145D5001A" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis batesii Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesii">M. batesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Matthes (1964). These conclusions were drawn without the examination of large series from a single locality (or at least multiple closely situated localities within the same drainage), and the high degree of variation reported is due to confusion between intraspecific and interspecific differences. However, after examining a large series of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C79E8AC707CE08330EF91F9E811D50E2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBDC9D70-13DA-4626-9564-2CF145D5001A" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis batesii Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesii">M. batesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
in this study, the limits of intraspecific variation within
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A04A7DA609F649AD64C9D76E0292B706" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be better understood, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1EE6B0232831A13220A879E8AB6E4C66" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3D4D06C3-7DA0-4BE6-B2B5-D09FCE764FCE" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis christyi Boulenger 1920:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="christyi">M. christyi</taxonomicName>
|
|
is found to be a valid species distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6988323F57ACE89272425B6BDD861C52" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBDC9D70-13DA-4626-9564-2CF145D5001A" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis batesii Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesii">M. batesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
by coloration and other morphological characters (see below).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9E22E508D78CB5D9E2A9F12B0DBE9BDF" pageNumber="44">
|
|
Examination of large series of specimens (identifiable as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B7ACE6C9D1838FD2CB42ED44091471E3" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBDC9D70-13DA-4626-9564-2CF145D5001A" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis batesii Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesii">M. batesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
) from within several closely situated localities within the Ntem River drainage in northern Gabon and southern Cameroon leads me to conclude that although intraspecific variation in color (and certainly in biometrics) exists, color patterns are useful diagnostic characters once the degree of intraspecific variation is understood. Furthermore, diagnostic characters not previously identified, some of which have been used in other mochokid genera, were found to be useful for distinguishing species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4619C041A6917EB3A60DC647D4456D9F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
. These characters consist of the snout, fin spine (both dorsal and pectoral) and tubercle morphology, all of which have been previously used to diagnose species in other mochokid genera, but not in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="562377BC14C86E0A34356F30F2FCC11D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Although a combination of these characters is the easiest way to distinguish among the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="25F0EF2CA32814D2B80144D7239AD44B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
of the lower Guinea region, some biometric characters can also be used to diagnose the species (diagnostic biometric characters for the other species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="83843234009858C6BF1175D3DC9545BB" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
not found in the lower Guinea region are given in Table 10). However, the numbers of oral teeth, a character considered diagnostic in other mochokid genera, are not useful in diagnosing species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F208992242E461DF39EC69D21864EE27" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
, as they are apparently highly conservative in the genus.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F2EBE5E332DCD30CDDF0ED633D07FB9C" pageNumber="44">
|
|
The variation in color is largely of an ontogenetic nature, and its use as a more reliable diagnostic character is possible once the limits of variation are understood. The ontogenetic change in color pattern is most marked for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0FD1BFE51281DD1F0E8327372C1B7961" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBDC9D70-13DA-4626-9564-2CF145D5001A" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis batesii Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesii">M. batesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and consists of changes in both the pigmentation pattern of the abdomen and the shape of the light-colored markings on the body. In the former case, many juvenile specimens have a dense aggregation of melanophores concentrated in a series of evenly distributed large spots on the abdomen that fade with age (Fig. 1c), and in the latter case, the dorsal and ventral light-colored markings may coalesce to form complete bands encircling the body, especially in the region of the caudal peduncle (Fig. 1c). The light-colored markings on the ventral third of the body in juvenile specimens are also more vermiform (Fig. 1c). In any case,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="825633F48A4320E5CAAB9BD5C886D98D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBDC9D70-13DA-4626-9564-2CF145D5001A" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis batesii Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesii">M. batesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(and all other species from the lower Guinea region) of all sizes always possess a light-colored band encircling the nape, which is absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96AA1D04AA5C957F5BE8C4BD7EBD5556" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3D4D06C3-7DA0-4BE6-B2B5-D09FCE764FCE" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis christyi Boulenger 1920:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="christyi">M. christyi</taxonomicName>
|
|
of all sizes examined, even in preserved material. Therefore, the absence of this band is a useful diagnostic character for distinguishing
|
|
<taxonomicName id="25FB9AF82D38E7E5C37200079C8D3911" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3D4D06C3-7DA0-4BE6-B2B5-D09FCE764FCE" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis christyi Boulenger 1920:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="christyi">M. christyi</taxonomicName>
|
|
from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C5B7FC4D67F0089F22C0DD73858C70E4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBDC9D70-13DA-4626-9564-2CF145D5001A" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis batesii Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesii">M. batesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
(and all other species of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="88A3BFD095E1DCB89C690DE91112EB30" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the lower Guinea region).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="6EBE93306C4C46DC6A527A729EC6A5AC" lastPageNumber="45" pageNumber="44">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E10573972315FDAD263D47A5AEC87A38" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3D4D06C3-7DA0-4BE6-B2B5-D09FCE764FCE" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis christyi Boulenger 1920:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="christyi">Microsynodontis christyi</taxonomicName>
|
|
can also be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D5FE552C5F8EE455819CCA840A600060" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBDC9D70-13DA-4626-9564-2CF145D5001A" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis batesii Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesii">M. batesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
in having a deeper caudal peduncle (10.0-11.8% SL vs. 5.8-9.2). The distributions of the two species also suggest that they are different:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7C21F68CAE5ADA3BE9C4B3CFCA531892" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3D4D06C3-7DA0-4BE6-B2B5-D09FCE764FCE" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis christyi Boulenger 1920:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="christyi">M. christyi</taxonomicName>
|
|
is only known from the middle Congo River drainage while
|
|
<taxonomicName id="870DC53A796136FCD570F6CEC7BEF60D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBDC9D70-13DA-4626-9564-2CF145D5001A" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis batesii Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesii">M. batesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
is only known from the lower Guinea region (in the Campo, Ivindo, Ntem, Nyong and Sanaga River drainages). Very little material of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7C97F7FBA6DB678FB89330884488BC82" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the middle Congo River drainage was available for study, but the examination of all material available suggests that there are no species in common between the middle Congo River drainage and those of the lower Guinea region. This is so even when the tributaries of the Congo and the smaller coastal drainages of the lower Guinea region are immediately adjacent, as in the case of the material identified as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9EAB44334E70619EDB8C9479D86E0665" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBDC9D70-13DA-4626-9564-2CF145D5001A" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis batesii Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesii">M. batesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the Dja River (a tributary of the Congo River flowing approximately southwest in southern Cameroon and located adjacent to the Ntem River drainage), which is not conspecific with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4F02D3283165E2159299A3ADEF9FE8F8" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBDC9D70-13DA-4626-9564-2CF145D5001A" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis batesii Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesii">M. batesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
and represents a distinct, undescribed species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="09A75C41E2E7ABE892B5335F67E54B07" pageNumber="45">
|
|
This study reveals the importance of some biometric measurements as diagnostic characters. In particular, two of the species described here,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="53558938CD603C0360B887FE1973A358" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C69DF5B1-D686-424F-A3DA-F422C91F69B1" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis nannoculus Ng 2004:27" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nannoculus">M. nannoculus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="38AD094081E8A77917D489B2583473CD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0007384-3C1D-496F-A6AD-6B4FB0C21E5C" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis nasutus Ng 2004:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasutus">M. nasutus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, are distinguished from congeners chiefly by biometric measurements. Bivariate analyses (ANCOVA) of the regression lines of eye diameter (Fig. 17), snout length (Fig. 18), caudal peduncle depth (Fig. 19), adipose basal length (Fig. 20) and caudal-fin length (Fig. 21) on SL are significantly different (given the number of taxa used in the analysis, it was not possible to display all of them on the biplots without obscuring key patterns and only the key taxa for each biometric value are used in Figs. 17-21). The P values of the analyses are given in Table 11, and it can be seen that regression lines are all significantly different for the eye diameter of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3B31F81DFEC798E00463574BBABB1641" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C69DF5B1-D686-424F-A3DA-F422C91F69B1" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis nannoculus Ng 2004:27" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nannoculus">M. nannoculus</taxonomicName>
|
|
and for the snout length of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C9287E30DA08A1E5D00ABCA8B3C4B010" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0007384-3C1D-496F-A6AD-6B4FB0C21E5C" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis nasutus Ng 2004:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasutus">M. nasutus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, when both are compared to the corresponding data for all congeners.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="9D41CE7D7D2556113C315199CB43615A" lastPageNumber="48" pageNumber="47">
|
|
Sexual dimorphism in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A319E79ADEC6E3C3A7CD4624841204F7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
is reported for the first time in this study. Males of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3D92BC9F678F2062DD7F21523B26161E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
species can be distinguished from females by the presence of a conical genital papilla immediately posterior to the anus (females have a smaller papilla that is distally flattened) and (especially in mature adults of all lower Guinea species except for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0BF4AAFEEF093CB8E704F7608D6690C1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:50CCFF80-FCDF-4CA8-9EA7-B15DB1CC2FAC" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis emarginatus Ng 2004:15" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emarginatus">M. emarginatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
) by a much denser aggregation of tubercles on the dorsal and lateral surfaces of the head, especially in the region on the sides of the head from the snout to the preopercle. The presence of tubercles has been used as a diagnostic character in the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8AF16255FD9B9690E303DC6D1108E1A1" family="Mochokidae" pageNumber="47" rank="family">Mochokidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
, e.g. in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2E73A336C0975C7B1A1F98976F8F3B0C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:8031AA56-61C0-4DA5-BAA8-184754AAEF7B" family="Mochokidae" genus="Synodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Synodontis Cuvier 1816:203" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Synodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see Boulenger, 1900) and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D14179E15D5DF8D2D06CE2932D52E35C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4271FD11-043B-496D-A5E7-60DB8FA0C2E1" family="Mochokidae" genus="Chiloglanis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Chiloglanis Peters 1868:599" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chiloglanis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(see Roberts, 1989), but has not been previously used for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9778D9EB908F78E6902FA5AFAB9D5220" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The results of this study indicate that tubercle shape is useful in diagnosing at least one species,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A0D7BFE6C65E6566EAF61852326730FA" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3CD09BA3-7633-4EF7-A381-1AAFA1F2991D" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis hirsutus Ng 2004:20" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirsutus">M. hirsutus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, from its congeners. Although the number and density of tubercles differ both sexually and ontogenetically, the tubercles retain their characteristic shape in specimens of both sexes and all sizes in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="27E23DF318E5C0FCEE03A7E50E999539" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3CD09BA3-7633-4EF7-A381-1AAFA1F2991D" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis hirsutus Ng 2004:20" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirsutus">M. hirsutus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, making it a useful diagnostic character for this species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="EAD4184DE19B2217C70AFF3E11E6071D" pageNumber="48">
|
|
Despite the fact that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FB6AD6C4CADA1CF35642AC7301402BD5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
species are occasionally imported for the aquarium trade and are not considered rare, very little is known of their biology, from either field or aquarium observations. This is probably because these fishes, like many other small fishes in ichthyological expeditions, are often overlooked and are thus not particularly well represented in collections. With the number of species identified in this study, it is clear that this element of the ichthyofauna (the miniature species) is in need of further study.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="527F70318E7972CAAAD22B23BEDB272D" type="key">
|
|
<paragraph id="C47BF4DACE77BB41A684583C3CC009F5" pageNumber="49">
|
|
Artificial key to the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="339CDCCAB4C27D0645DA942984FFE21B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:25612A22-875C-4BA3-BDA3-8737B7CAD349" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Microsynodontis</taxonomicName>
|
|
of the lower Guinea region, west central Africa
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1D0CDF214708EAA2496B1879646C4172" pageNumber="49">
|
|
1. Caudal fin emarginate (Fig. 9a) (
|
|
<normalizedToken id="DDCC77549BA2B8803DA2460084F25035" originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
|
|
River drainage) .....................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4C7A7D615C93C1261DBFF05E047BC03D" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:50CCFF80-FCDF-4CA8-9EA7-B15DB1CC2FAC" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis emarginatus Ng 2004:15" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="emarginatus">M. emarginatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="84E175FB45996CA40F3EEC0BD57035E7" pageNumber="49">- Caudal fin rounded or truncate (Figs. 9b -c) ................................................................. 2</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="02657FA58A541036F28663C775C1FBB1" pageNumber="49">
|
|
2. Anterior edge of pectoral spine smooth (Ivindo River drainage) ..............
|
|
<taxonomicName id="663C01C6517EBB1DC5F0BA89C9911589" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:064A22E3-A626-4913-AB14-A3AB1B63BF7A" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis laevigatus Ng 2004:24" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevigatus">M. laevigatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="868582A9B23925A41821FEE0266708D5" pageNumber="49">- Anterior edge of pectoral spine serrated ....................................................................... 3</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A325497DE073B76306BC34C0DC00EE29" pageNumber="49">3. Body always without numerous dark brown elongate spots; caudal peduncle slender (5.8-9.8% SL) ............................................................................................................... 4</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="DD88B13F7558D9B08661FAD1C7A7A1B0" pageNumber="49">
|
|
- Body frequently with numerous dark brown elongate spots; caudal peduncle deep (9.6-11.9% SL) (
|
|
<normalizedToken id="5026519900E00B43F1085025BF332753" originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
|
|
River drainage) .....................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="62EA62BD516A6A1417A87F68E0859789" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9A3B88F5-7BC5-4505-B313-015B292987AF" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis notatus Ng 2004:35" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notatus">M. notatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="396401291E6FA8685436748712AB29E0" pageNumber="49">4. Adipose-fin base long (34.4-41.6% SL) ....................................................................... 5</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="57D036670348A21058FB01C1458A3238" pageNumber="49">- Adipose fin-base short (21.3-33.8% SL) ...................................................................... 6</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="DBF9EBBEF70506E6BA39D93A3D2725B8" pageNumber="49">
|
|
5. Dorsal and lateral surfaces of head with long tubercles in both sexes (up to 0.3 mm long); dorsal spine straight (Ntem River drainage) .......................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E6E22BD5AE61CF706F243FF2F57CFC6C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3CD09BA3-7633-4EF7-A381-1AAFA1F2991D" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis hirsutus Ng 2004:20" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hirsutus">M. hirsutus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="1451585394BC70C4C733BF40EBE384A3" pageNumber="50">
|
|
- Dorsal and lateral surfaces of head with small rounded tubercles in both sexes (not more than 0.1 mm long); dorsal spine gently curved (Campo, Ivindo, Ntem, Nyong,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="1D2438634937049890C559B4DB1A7CF7" originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
|
|
and Sanaga River drainages).............................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="017F053CCCDCDA876E100875B6D18A10" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DBDC9D70-13DA-4626-9564-2CF145D5001A" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis batesii Boulenger 1903:26" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="batesii">M. batesii</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="57CFD994CED8278E9576860DF3D65D17" pageNumber="50">
|
|
6. Supracleithral process reaching to vertical through posteriormost tip of nuchal shield; eye large (19.3-25.0% HL) (
|
|
<normalizedToken id="9D9B290AC3D5C8B97A1CABB369D09FE0" originalValue="Ogooué">Ogooue</normalizedToken>
|
|
River drainage).....................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A72F2482B5574E0619E0E5FA5B8E7BC2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EB57E017-09AD-4BD5-BA53-7C69BBC5BA36" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis vigilis Ng 2004:39" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vigilis">M. vigilis</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8B1A3079F63CC278ED9F860472EBD02E" pageNumber="50">- Supracleithral process not reaching to vertical through posteriormost tip of nuchal shield; eye small (10.6-19.6% HL)...............................................................................7</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A67AD2462947E666B8D1F41ABD466DED" pageNumber="50">
|
|
7. Snout long (50.0-53.3%HL) (Okano River drainage)...................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9728B95846C2D0F9B57808C6F58EEC1C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0007384-3C1D-496F-A6AD-6B4FB0C21E5C" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis nasutus Ng 2004:32" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nasutus">M. nasutus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="48ABC9608E352DD9D95F1156A8E2EBD7" pageNumber="50">- Snout short (43.1-48.5% HL).......................................................................................8</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="71054A75912E8C1831B644D902C4DF9B" pageNumber="50">
|
|
8. Body slender (13.7-15.0% SL); anterior edge of pectoral spine with retrorse (proximally directed) serrations along proximal half; eye larger (13.9-19.6% HL) (Ivindo River drainage)..............................................................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1A59A425C421734E91F9AE8E4DE1AB56" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D45352B3-6B5A-4E9A-8DBD-E271BB0FCE43" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis armatus Ng 2004:10" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="armatus">M. armatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="165A4883425833E21331D2C6766EB234" pageNumber="50">
|
|
- Body deep (17.6-19.9% SL); anterior edge of pectoral spine with anteriorly directed serrations along proximal half; eye smaller (10.6-12.2% HL) (Ntem River drainage) .................................................................................................................
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7897B424B1FBA78E2087933F1B17271B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C69DF5B1-D686-424F-A3DA-F422C91F69B1" family="Mochokidae" genus="Microsynodontis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Microsynodontis nannoculus Ng 2004:27" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nannoculus">M. nannoculus</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |