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<document id="856346CC62B3166BF849F55023101DDF" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5572.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14746115" ID-ZooBank="7AF6A560-3FAC-4490-B167-327A7912F242" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1737969340340" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard M. &amp; Merle, Didier" docDate="2025" docId="F73C87F9FFDF8060FF50A9ECF935BC6D" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5572.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5572 (1)" docSource="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5572.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Ocenebra scorpio Harzhauser, Landau &amp; Merle, 2025, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="0B05FF81FFE6805AFFC7A97BF867BF54" masterDocTitle="The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Central Paratethys Sea (Haustrinae, Muricinae, Ocenebrinae, Pagodulinae, Typhinae, Muricidae incertae sedis)" masterLastPageNumber="162" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="58" updateTime="1737971333945" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="3EA9014CE1F2B092D25979D66C24C182">The Muricidae (Gastropoda, Muricoidea) of the Miocene Central Paratethys Sea (Haustrinae, Muricinae, Ocenebrinae, Pagodulinae, Typhinae, Muricidae incertae sedis)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="81D26FE60E5C97481FC7A2F505CB6160">Harzhauser, Mathias</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D4CBC774C39D1EDCB59E6B3448AE83F7" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4471-6655</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B957BA5F14F50778111A39652BFF1FF7">Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria mathias. harzhauser @ nhm-wien. ac. at; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4471 - 6655</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FE03DA06A68FA19BAC53213ACC344AB4" type="email">mathias.harzhauser@nhm-wien.ac.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="3E747495743CD3D37BF86A44531E9B1A">Landau, Bernard M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="FB032F2A1587D4DF9841825E92DC6BFE" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7768-8494</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="85301847A7A420567B6E8DB8E4517F79">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; Instituto Dom Luiz da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749 - 016 Lisboa, Portugal; and International Health Centres, Av. Infante de Henrique 7, Areias São João, P- 8200 Albufeira, Portugal bernardmlandau @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 7768 - 8494</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="950BC26E02F8CDFD36C397087BFC4961" type="email">bernardmlandau@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="1672B97433CFC6598BD21C8B982D4905" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CA82C7216C17F5A52146BD8905F58193">Merle, Didier</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2455635E6BD2AD560E398A7F9C3ABF13" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4471-6655</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="6CAB42E2CAC0BFF942009C245A9EB5E4">Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria mathias. harzhauser @ nhm-wien. ac. at; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4471 - 6655 &amp; Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle - CR 2 P (UMR 7207 CNRS), 8 rue Buffon 75005 Paris, France didier. merle @ mnhn. fr &amp; Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria mathias. harzhauser @ nhm-wien. ac. at; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4471 - 6655</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BF5C0A44F9895362199119AA7D556632" type="email">mathias.harzhauser@nhm-wien.ac.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:date id="E23381CAC67470DD765E544B7C70BCE9">2025</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E660A28A39B278B264EFB23E6ED22D17">5572</mods:number>
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<treatment id="F73C87F9FFDF8060FF50A9ECF935BC6D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746369" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14746369" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F73C87F9FFDF8060FF50A9ECF935BC6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F73C87F9FFDF8060FF50A9ECF935BC6D" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FF50A9ECF9B6BFE5" bold="true" box="[151,465,151,178]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="B8954D6CFFDF8063FF50A9ECF90BBFE5" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau &amp; Merle" authorityYear="2025" box="[151,364,151,178]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Ocenebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scorpio" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FF50A9ECF90BBFE5" bold="true" box="[151,364,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ocenebra scorpio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56D25786FFDF8063FEB4A9ECF9B6BFE5" box="[371,465,151,177]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="378F6564FFDF8063FF50A9C0F975BE01" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F2A36EFFFDF8063FF50A9C0F92EBF82" blockId="57.[151,465,151,214]" box="[151,329,187,214]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<figureCitation id="E7AE2A6AFFDF8063FF50A9C0F88BBF81" box="[151,236,187,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="35.[151,250,1822,1846]" captionTargetBox="[210,1371,185,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-24@35.[205,1383,181,1798]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="FIGURE 13. Cord diagrams and apertural features of Ocenebrinae [Ceratostoma? steiningeri sp. nov., Gracilipurpura polonica (Bałuk, 1995), Heteropurpura catosus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Kestocenebra subaustriaca (Stojaspal, 1978), Kestocenebra vermeiji sp. nov., Kestocenebra? globosa (Stojaspal, 1978), Ocenebra ergnapus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Ocenebra haidingeri (Hörnes, 1853), Ocenebra holubicensis (Friedberg, 1912), Ocenebra littoralis nov. nom., Ocenebra mirmigus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Ocenebra scorpio sp. nov., Ocenebra valdemari (Bałuk, 2006), Ocenebra vindobonensis (Hörnes, 1853), Ocenebra zboroviensis (Friedberg, 1912)]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746161" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746161/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 13</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="E7AE2A6AFFDF8063FF3FA9C0F92EBF82" box="[248,329,187,214]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1349,1373]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,509,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-141@57.[151,1435,509,1325]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ocenebra scorpio sp. nov. A1–A3. holotype, NHMW 1851/0026/0028a, Grund (Austria). B1–B3. paratypes: NHMW 1851/0026/0028b, Grund (Austria). C1–C3. NHMW 1851/0026/0028c, Grund (Austria)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746203/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">25A–C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="B8954D6CFFDF8063FF50A87BF9A6BE43" authority="Hornes" authorityName="Hornes" authorityYear="1853" box="[151,449,256,280]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Murex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vindobonensis">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FF50A87BF915BE4C" box="[151,370,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Murex Vindobonensis</emphasis>
Hörnes
</taxonomicName>
—Hörnes 1853: 252 (
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FD58A87BFAABBE43" box="[671,716,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">pars</emphasis>
) [
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FD24A87BFB6EBE43" box="[739,777,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">non</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B8954D6CFFDF8063FCD7A87BFCD7BE43" authority="(Hornes, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Hoernes" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[784,1200,255,280]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Ocenebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vindobonensis">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FCD7A87BFC6CBE4C" box="[784,1035,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ocenebra vindobonensis</emphasis>
(Hörnes, 1853)
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F2A36EFFFDF8063FF50A864F975BE01" blockId="57.[151,1436,255,341]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicName id="B8954D6CFFDF8063FF50A864FA14BE62" authority="M. Hoern." authorityName="M. Hoern." box="[151,627,286,310]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Murex" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vindobonensis" subGenus="Phyllonotus">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FF50A864F8BFBE62" box="[151,216,287,310]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Murex</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FF2FA865F906BE62" box="[232,353,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Phyllonotus</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FEB7A865FA64BE62" box="[368,515,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Vindobonensis</emphasis>
M. Hoern.
</taxonomicName>
—Hoernes &amp; Auinger 1885: 213 (
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FC17A864FB9ABE62" box="[976,1021,287,310]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">pars</emphasis>
) [
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FBD2A864FC5CBE62" box="[1045,1083,287,310]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">non</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B8954D6CFFDF8063FB85A865F960BE01" authority="(Hornes, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Hoernes" baseAuthorityYear="1853" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Ocenebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vindobonensis">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FB85A865FD59BE62" box="[1090,1342,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ocenebra vindobonensis</emphasis>
(Hörnes, 1853)
</taxonomicName>
].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FF50A8F8F920BEC9" bold="true" box="[151,327,387,413]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="CFFD3CB2FFDF8063FE97A8F8F8D4BE9C" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" location="Grund" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="NHMW 1851" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="A02E884DFFDF8063FE97A8F8F9DABEC9" box="[336,445,387,413]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="2F339E94FFDF8063FE0EA8FFFA04BECA" box="[457,611,387,414]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="Museum">NHMW 1851</specimenCode>
/0026/0028a, SL:
<quantity id="B86D9B0AFFDF8063FCF3A8F8FBFBBECA" box="[820,924,387,414]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.21" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="32.1">32.1 mm</quantity>
, MD:
<quantity id="B86D9B0AFFDF8063FC2FA8F8FC37BECA" box="[1000,1104,387,414]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.96" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="19.6">19.6 mm</quantity>
,
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(
<collectingCountry id="0782767FFFDF8063FB71A8F8FD6BBEC9" box="[1206,1292,387,413]" name="Austria" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Austria</collectingCountry>
)
<figureCitation id="E7AE2A6AFFDF8063FADBA8F8FDE1BECA" box="[1308,1414,387,414]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1349,1373]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,509,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-141@57.[151,1435,509,1325]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ocenebra scorpio sp. nov. A1–A3. holotype, NHMW 1851/0026/0028a, Grund (Austria). B1–B3. paratypes: NHMW 1851/0026/0028b, Grund (Austria). C1–C3. NHMW 1851/0026/0028c, Grund (Austria)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746203/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 25A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E7AE2A6AFFDF8063FA41A8EDF8CCBE95" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,320,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-98@8.[151,1435,309,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cord diagrams and apertural features for Haustrinae [Haustrum? pyrulatum (Hoernes &amp; Auinger, 1882)] and Muricinae [Bolinus gapus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Bolinus partschi (Hörnes, 1853), Chicoreus (Triplex) aquitanicus (Grateloup, 1833), Chicoreus (Triplex) hirmetzli (Kovács, 2018), Chicoreus (Triplex) notatus (Eichwald, 1830). Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) trunculoides (Pusch, 1837), Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) esplus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Hexaplex(Trunculariopsis) subasperrimus (d’Orbigny, 1852), Promurex spinicosta (Bronn, 1831), Exquisitor graniferus (Michelotti, 1841)]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746117/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<subScript id="E31134AAFFDF8063FA41A8EDFDE9BEF0" attach="left" box="[1414,1422,406,420]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">1</subScript>
– A
</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E7AE2A6AFFDF8063FF6CA8C1F8D4BE9C" box="[171,179,442,456]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1716]" captionTargetId="figure-100@11.[151,1435,345,1716]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bolinus gapus (De Gregorio, 1885a). A1–A3. NHMW 1847/0046/0030, Szob (Hungary). B1–B3. paralectotype, NHMW 1860/0015/1270, Grund (Austria). C1–C3. NHMW1869/0001/0280, Grund (Austria). D1–D3. lectotype, NHMW 1856/0050/0122, Gainfarn (Austria)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746125/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<subScript id="E31134AAFFDF8063FF6CA8C1F8D4BE9C" attach="left" box="[171,179,442,456]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">3</subScript>
</figureCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="CFFD3CB2FFDF8063FF03A8D3FD56BE9C" box="[196,1329,423,456]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" location="Grund" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="NHMW 1851" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus id="A02E884DFFDF8063FF03A8D3F952BE96" box="[196,309,424,450]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="2F339E94FFDF8063FE85A8D3F9BCBE96" box="[322,475,423,450]" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="Museum">NHMW 1851</specimenCode>
/0026/0028b, SL:
<quantity id="B86D9B0AFFDF8063FD69A8DCFB71BE96" box="[686,790,423,450]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="32.5">32.5 mm</quantity>
, MD:
<quantity id="B86D9B0AFFDF8063FCA5A8DCFBADBE96" box="[866,970,423,450]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.92" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="19.2">19.2 mm</quantity>
,
<location id="7A4A6034FFDF8063FC1FA8DCFC47BE95" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F73C87F9FFDF8060FF50A9ECF935BC6D:7A4A6034FFDF8063FC1FA8DCFC47BE95" box="[984,1056,423,449]" country="Austria" name="Grund" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Grund</location>
(
<collectingCountry id="0782767FFFDF8063FBF6A8DCFCE0BE95" box="[1073,1159,423,449]" name="Austria" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Austria</collectingCountry>
)
<figureCitation id="E7AE2A6AFFDF8063FB50A8DCFD67BE96" box="[1175,1280,423,450]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1349,1373]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,509,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-141@57.[151,1435,509,1325]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ocenebra scorpio sp. nov. A1–A3. holotype, NHMW 1851/0026/0028a, Grund (Austria). B1–B3. paratypes: NHMW 1851/0026/0028b, Grund (Austria). C1–C3. NHMW 1851/0026/0028c, Grund (Austria)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746203/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 25B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E7AE2A6AFFDF8063FAC7A8C1FD4FBE96" box="[1280,1320,424,456]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,320,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-98@8.[151,1435,309,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cord diagrams and apertural features for Haustrinae [Haustrum? pyrulatum (Hoernes &amp; Auinger, 1882)] and Muricinae [Bolinus gapus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Bolinus partschi (Hörnes, 1853), Chicoreus (Triplex) aquitanicus (Grateloup, 1833), Chicoreus (Triplex) hirmetzli (Kovács, 2018), Chicoreus (Triplex) notatus (Eichwald, 1830). Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) trunculoides (Pusch, 1837), Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) esplus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Hexaplex(Trunculariopsis) subasperrimus (d’Orbigny, 1852), Promurex spinicosta (Bronn, 1831), Exquisitor graniferus (Michelotti, 1841)]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746117/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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–B
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<figureCitation id="E7AE2A6AFFDF8063FAEEA8C1FD56BE9C" box="[1321,1329,442,456]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1716]" captionTargetId="figure-100@11.[151,1435,345,1716]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bolinus gapus (De Gregorio, 1885a). A1–A3. NHMW 1847/0046/0030, Szob (Hungary). B1–B3. paralectotype, NHMW 1860/0015/1270, Grund (Austria). C1–C3. NHMW1869/0001/0280, Grund (Austria). D1–D3. lectotype, NHMW 1856/0050/0122, Gainfarn (Austria)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746125/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
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.
<materialsCitation id="CFFD3CB2FFDF8063FA86A8D3FC77BEB8" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" location="Grund" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCode="NHMW 1851" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="2F339E94FFDF8063FA86A8D3F8AABEB2" collectionCode="NHMW" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="Museum">NHMW 1851</specimenCode>
/0026/0028c, SL:
<quantity id="B86D9B0AFFDF8063FE5EA8B0F998BEB2" box="[409,511,459,486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.63" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="36.3">36.3 mm</quantity>
, MD:
<quantity id="B86D9B0AFFDF8063FD81A8B0FACBBEB2" box="[582,684,459,486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.44" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="24.4">24.4 mm</quantity>
,
<location id="7A4A6034FFDF8063FD7FA8B0FB67BEB1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F73C87F9FFDF8060FF50A9ECF935BC6D:7A4A6034FFDF8063FD7FA8B0FB67BEB1" box="[696,768,459,485]" country="Austria" name="Grund" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Grund</location>
(
<collectingCountry id="0782767FFFDF8063FCC9A8B0FB01BEB1" box="[782,870,459,485]" name="Austria" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Austria</collectingCountry>
),
<figureCitation id="E7AE2A6AFFDF8063FCBEA8B0FB87BEB2" box="[889,992,459,486]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="57.[151,250,1349,1373]" captionTargetBox="[153,1435,509,1325]" captionTargetId="figure-141@57.[151,1435,509,1325]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURE 25. Ocenebra scorpio sp. nov. A1–A3. holotype, NHMW 1851/0026/0028a, Grund (Austria). B1–B3. paratypes: NHMW 1851/0026/0028b, Grund (Austria). C1–C3. NHMW 1851/0026/0028c, Grund (Austria)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746203/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Figs 25C</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E7AE2A6AFFDF8063FC18A8A5FC6FBEB1" box="[991,1032,459,492]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1870,1894]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,320,1846]" captionTargetId="figure-98@8.[151,1435,309,1846]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 1. Cord diagrams and apertural features for Haustrinae [Haustrum? pyrulatum (Hoernes &amp; Auinger, 1882)] and Muricinae [Bolinus gapus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Bolinus partschi (Hörnes, 1853), Chicoreus (Triplex) aquitanicus (Grateloup, 1833), Chicoreus (Triplex) hirmetzli (Kovács, 2018), Chicoreus (Triplex) notatus (Eichwald, 1830). Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) trunculoides (Pusch, 1837), Hexaplex (Trunculariopsis) esplus (De Gregorio, 1885a), Hexaplex(Trunculariopsis) subasperrimus (d’Orbigny, 1852), Promurex spinicosta (Bronn, 1831), Exquisitor graniferus (Michelotti, 1841)]." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746117" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746117/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<subScript id="E31134AAFFDF8063FC18A8A5FB80BEB8" attach="left" box="[991,999,478,492]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">1</subScript>
–C
</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="E7AE2A6AFFDF8063FBCFA8A5FC77BEB8" box="[1032,1040,478,492]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1739,1763]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,345,1716]" captionTargetId="figure-100@11.[151,1435,345,1716]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Bolinus gapus (De Gregorio, 1885a). A1–A3. NHMW 1847/0046/0030, Szob (Hungary). B1–B3. paralectotype, NHMW 1860/0015/1270, Grund (Austria). C1–C3. NHMW1869/0001/0280, Grund (Austria). D1–D3. lectotype, NHMW 1856/0050/0122, Gainfarn (Austria)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746125" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746125/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<subScript id="E31134AAFFDF8063FBCFA8A5FC77BEB8" attach="left" box="[1032,1040,478,492]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">3</subScript>
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</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2BEA6667FFDF8063FF50AC3EFC0EBAD5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14746203" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14746203" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14746203/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" startId="57.[151,250,1349,1373]" targetBox="[153,1435,509,1325]" targetPageId="57" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="7F2A36EFFFDF8063FF50AC3EFC0EBAD5" blockId="57.[151,1437,1349,1415]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FF50AC3EF943BA09" bold="true" box="[151,292,1349,1373]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B8954D6CFFDF8063FEE8AC3EF98EBA09" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau &amp; Merle" authorityYear="2025" box="[303,489,1349,1373]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Ocenebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scorpio" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FEE8AC3EF98EBA09" box="[303,489,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Ocenebra scorpio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FE33AC3EFAFDBA09" bold="true" box="[500,666,1349,1379]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56D25786FFDF8063FE33AC3EFA2EBA09" box="[500,585,1349,1373]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A
<subScript id="E31134AAFFDF8063FDA1AC2EFA0ABA37" attach="left" box="[614,621,1365,1379]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">1</subScript>
–A
<subScript id="E31134AAFFDF8063FD4BAC2EFAF4BA37" attach="left" box="[652,659,1365,1379]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">3</subScript>
.
</emphasis>
holotype, NHMW 1851/0026/0028a, Grund (Austria).
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FB21AC3EFD4EBA09" bold="true" box="[1254,1321,1349,1379]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
B
<subScript id="E31134AAFFDF8063FB30AC2EFC99BA37" attach="left" box="[1271,1278,1365,1379]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">1</subScript>
–B
<subScript id="E31134AAFFDF8063FADBAC2EFD44BA37" attach="left" box="[1308,1315,1365,1379]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">3</subScript>
.
</emphasis>
paratypes: NHMW 1851/0026/0028b, Grund (Austria).
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FD98AC12FAC2BAD5" bold="true" box="[607,677,1385,1415]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
C
<subScript id="E31134AAFFDF8063FDB6AC02FA1FBAD3" attach="left" box="[625,632,1401,1415]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">1</subScript>
–C
<subScript id="E31134AAFFDF8063FD50AC02FAF9BAD3" attach="left" box="[663,670,1401,1415]" fontSize="6" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">3</subScript>
.
</emphasis>
NHMW 1851/0026/0028c, Grund (Austria).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="7F2A36EFFFDF8063FF00ACAFFBF4BAB9" blockId="57.[151,1437,1491,2022]" box="[199,915,1491,1518]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<materialsCitation id="CFFD3CB2FFDF8063FF00ACAFFBE8BAB9" box="[199,911,1491,1518]" country="Austria" location="Grund" municipality="North Alpine-Carpathian Basin" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FF00ACAFF901BAB9" bold="true" box="[199,358,1491,1518]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<typeStatus id="A02E884DFFDF8063FF00ACAFF965BABA" box="[199,258,1492,1518]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
locality.
</emphasis>
<location id="7A4A6034FFDF8063FEABACA8F9D3BAB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F73C87F9FFDF8060FF50A9ECF935BC6D:7A4A6034FFDF8063FEABACA8F9D3BAB9" box="[364,436,1491,1517]" country="Austria" municipality="North Alpine-Carpathian Basin" name="Grund" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Grund</location>
(
<collectingCountry id="0782767FFFDF8063FE04ACA8FA7CBAB9" box="[451,539,1491,1517]" name="Austria" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Austria</collectingCountry>
),
<collectingMunicipality id="9F4EAC95FFDF8063FDE9ACA8FBE8BAB9" box="[558,911,1491,1517]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">North Alpine-Carpathian Basin</collectingMunicipality>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F2A36EFFFDF8063FF00AC83FB7CB945" blockId="57.[151,1437,1491,2022]" box="[199,795,1527,1554]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FF00AC83F908B946" bold="true" box="[199,367,1528,1554]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<typeStatus id="A02E884DFFDF8063FF00AC83F965B946" box="[199,258,1528,1554]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Type</typeStatus>
stratum.
</emphasis>
Silt and clay of the Grund Formation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F2A36EFFFDF8063FF00AF60FA98B961" blockId="57.[151,1437,1491,2022]" box="[199,767,1563,1589]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FF00AF60F89AB961" bold="true" box="[199,253,1563,1589]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Age.</emphasis>
Middle Miocene, early Badenian (Langhian).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="378F6564FFDF8063FF00AF3BFAEEB90D" box="[199,649,1599,1626]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="7F2A36EFFFDF8063FF00AF3BFAEEB90D" blockId="57.[151,1437,1491,2022]" box="[199,649,1599,1626]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FF00AF3BF929B90E" bold="true" box="[199,334,1600,1626]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Etymology.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B8954D6CFFDF8063FE92AF3BF995B90D" authority=", Latin" authorityName="Latin" box="[341,498,1599,1626]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Ocenebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scorpio">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FE92AF3BF9CEB90D" box="[341,425,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">scorpio</emphasis>
, Latin
</taxonomicName>
for scorpion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="378F6564FFDF8063FF00AF18FDE1B9F5" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="7F2A36EFFFDF8063FF00AF18FDE1B9F5" blockId="57.[151,1437,1491,2022]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FF00AF18F925B929" bold="true" box="[199,322,1635,1661]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Medium-sized, slender fusiform, trivaricate shell with high spire characterized by its varices with four prominent spines formed by P1, P3, P4 and P5; moderately long very narrow or partly fused siphonal canal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="378F6564FFDF8060FF00AFD0FD1EBE31" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" type="description">
<paragraph id="7F2A36EFFFDF8060FF00AFD0FD1EBE31" blockId="57.[151,1437,1491,2022]" lastBlockId="58.[151,1437,151,825]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDF8063FF00AFD0F93EB991" bold="true" box="[199,345,1707,1733]" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Description.</emphasis>
Medium-sized, slender fusiform, trivaricate shell with high spire; apical angle ~52°. Protoconch unknown. Teleoconch of up to six whorls. Suture moderately incised, shallowly undulating. Early teleoconch whorls high, with broad, weakly concave subsutural ramp, shoulder placed slightly above mid-whorl. Axial sculpture of three prominent varices with one intervarical rib; interspaces strongly widening during ontogeny. Spiral sculpture of adis, IP, abis, P1 and P2 with delicate secondary cords. Penultimate whorl with short, open spines at shoulder. Last whorl attaining ~72–75% of total height, allometrically widening with broad, shallow subsutural ramp, rounded shoulder, weakly convex periphery, moderately constricted below. Axial sculpture of three prominent, weakly foliaceous varices and one weaker intervarical rib. Spirals, P1, P3, P4 and P5 forming broad, prominent cords over varices terminating in moderately long, broad spines with rounded tips; P2 reduced; weak s1, s2, s3, s4 not always developed; weak P6 and ADP; spiral sculpture strongly reduced in interspaces between varices; intervarical ribs smooth, forming swelling at shoulder. Fasciole raised, relatively narrow, delimiting broad, shallow pseudoumbilicus. Aperture ovate; outer lip with crenulate edge, weak incision at P1. Blunt D1–D5 placed some distance behind peristome; D5 often weaker. Anal canal wide, indistinct; siphonal canal long, very narrow or partly fused, bent to the right, slightly dorsally recurved. Columella weakly excavated, smooth, weakly twisted at siphonal canal. Columellar callus forming broad, sharply delimited rim, erect at siphonal canal, adherent in parietal area.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="378F6564FFDC8060FF00A815F950BDA5" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7F2A36EFFFDC8060FF00A815FC70BD35" blockId="58.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDC8060FF00A815F92BBEDC" bold="true" box="[199,332,366,392]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Discussion.</emphasis>
This species has been confused by Hörnes (1853) and Hoernes &amp; Auinger (1885) with the superficially similar
<taxonomicName id="B8954D6CFFDC8060FEB8A8E8FB2EBEF9" authority="(Hornes, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Hoernes" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[383,841,402,429]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Ocenebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vindobonensis">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDC8060FEB8A8E8FAF2BEF9" box="[383,661,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ocenebra vindobonensis</emphasis>
(Hörnes, 1853)
</taxonomicName>
. They are distinguished by the higher spire and more incised suture of
<taxonomicName id="B8954D6CFFDC8060FE9FA8CCFA46BE84" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau &amp; Merle" authorityYear="2025" box="[344,545,439,465]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Ocenebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scorpio" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDC8060FE9FA8CCFA46BE84" box="[344,545,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ocenebra scorpio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDC8060FDEEA8CCFAE5BE85" bold="true" box="[553,642,439,465]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="56D25786FFDC8060FDEEA8CCFAE5BE85" box="[553,642,439,465]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
and by its reduced P2, resulting in varices with four prominent spines, whereas
<taxonomicName id="B8954D6CFFDC8060FF3BA8A0FA73BEA1" baseAuthorityName="Hoernes" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[252,532,475,501]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Ocenebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="vindobonensis">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDC8060FF3BA8A0FA73BEA1" box="[252,532,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ocenebra vindobonensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
develops at least five spines. Both species co-occur at Grund (
<collectingCountry id="0782767FFFDC8060FB2DA8A0FD25BEA1" box="[1258,1346,475,501]" name="Austria" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Austria</collectingCountry>
), which might have led Hörnes (1853) and Hoernes &amp; Auinger (1885) to lump them together. The peculiar spiral sculpture, the strong spines developed on the terminal varix at P1, P3–P5 and the strongly reduced P2 separates
<taxonomicName id="B8954D6CFFDC8060FAE9AB58F88CBD34" authorityName="Harzhauser &amp; Landau &amp; Merle" authorityYear="2025" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Ocenebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scorpio">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDC8060FAE9AB58F88CBD34" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ocenebra scorpio</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also from the extant
<typeStatus id="A02E884DFFDC8060FE1FAB3CFA6FBD35" box="[472,520,583,609]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="B8954D6CFFDC8060FDA0AB3CFC74BD35" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[615,1043,582,609]" class="Gastropoda" family="Muricidae" genus="Ocenebra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neogastropoda" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="erinaceus">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDC8060FDA0AB3CFB2DBD34" box="[615,842,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Ocenebra erinaceus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="1B044B1EFFDC8060FC9FAB3CFC6CBD35" author="Linnaeus, C." box="[856,1035,582,609]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref122523" refString="Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae ... Editio decima, reformata. Tomus 1. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 823 pp. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 10277 # page / 3 / mode / 1 up]" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F2A36EFFFDC8060FF00AB11F950BDA5" blockId="58.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDC8060FF00AB11F9CFBDD0" bold="true" box="[199,424,618,644]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Paleoenvironment.</emphasis>
At the locality Grund fossiliferous channel fills, which formed in middle to outer neritic environments bear allochthonous assemblages uniting coastal-mudflat faunas with inner neritic ones (
<bibRefCitation id="1B044B1EFFDC8060FAE4ABF4F89EBD99" author="Zuschin, M. &amp; Harzhauser, M. &amp; Mandic, O." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="142 - 158" refId="ref131100" refString="Zuschin, M., Harzhauser, M. &amp; Mandic, O. (2005) Influence of size-sorting on diversity estimates from tempestitic shell beds in the Middle Miocene of Austria. Palaios, 20, 142 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.2110 / palo. 2003. p 03 - 87" type="journal article" year="2005">
Zuschin
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDC8060FA4FABF4F8D3BD99" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1B044B1EFFDC8060FEC0ABC8F9C4BD99" author="Roetzel, R." box="[263,419,691,717]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" refId="ref127628" refString="Roetzel, R. (2009) Erlauterungen zu Blatt 23 Hadres. Geologische Karte der Republik Osterreich 1: 50000. Geologische Bundesanstalt, Wien, 150 pp." type="book" year="2009">Roetzel 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Based on their preservation, the shells seem to belong to the faunas from inner neritic environments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="378F6564FFDC8060FF00AB81F935BC6D" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="7F2A36EFFFDC8060FF00AB81F935BC6D" blockId="58.[151,1437,151,825]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDC8060FF00AB81FA0BBC41" bold="true" box="[199,620,762,789]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Distribution in Central Paratethys.</emphasis>
Badenian (Middle Miocene):
<emphasis id="4DE1EAFDFFDC8060FC05AB80FDF2BC40" box="[962,1429,763,789]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin</emphasis>
: Grund (
<collectingCountry id="0782767FFFDC8060FF29AA64F920BC6D" box="[238,327,799,825]" name="Austria" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Austria</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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