272 lines
30 KiB
XML
272 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="D575DA76053481BC5BA3505C9802DEEB" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.172031" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7b6dcee1-7bd7-438e-9697-c8ad5ef68ace" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="172031" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459762845265" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Poorani, J. & Booth, R. G." docDate="2006" docId="F64E7864FF94824A916FFCFBC021FDB2" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01139p033.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1139" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pharoscymnus Bedel 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="0A77001CFF97824F9067FFD2C403FF94" masterDocTitle="New synonymies in Oriental Sticholotidini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Sticholotidinae)" masterLastPageNumber="33" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698215703999" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="DA3237750ED2AA3A3C49E3F8D4C0118A">
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<mods:title id="4C1BAB2BA43B0DD272F9E3BBD98D997E">New synonymies in Oriental Sticholotidini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Sticholotidinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2CD09350CECFC219D426093D0A4672F3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4FE6C5D1DA2AFC847B72E00E7A4B005E">Poorani, J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="384DA520AA577C2A2A9F6DB271A2089A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="33ADFEFA3C921224F41CDB5A53774EB5">Booth, R. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="36936D7CFEC3BD96C384A1E62B85CC8E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="9FDC2530A097B6A7A2BFBEA15ADF06AE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="7DA721028445662EB0D9544D83AF6A3B">
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<mods:date id="73F6ACFFDEFE64F78B75A772D9FB3B6D">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="39C507FF1790CC46FE6F083BEDB20C6C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="94C466C67A56F065B2F9E82C2018469A">1139</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="043B1468E10EE6000F754548A94846EE">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7824E3FDBECC37793D512E214AA6BEB4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.172031</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="F64E7864FF94824A916FFCFBC021FDB2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6262162" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119345346" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6262162" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F64E7864FF94824A916FFCFBC021FDB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F64E7864FF94824A916FFCFBC021FDB2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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<subSubSection id="36FD9AF9FF94824C916FFCFBC6DFFCD7" box="[264,732,809,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7E58C972FF94824C916FFCFBC6DFFCD7" blockId="3.[264,732,809,835]" box="[264,732,809,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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<heading id="25107E1EFF94824C916FFCFBC6DFFCD7" bold="true" box="[264,732,809,835]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C916FFCFBC6DFFCD7" bold="true" box="[264,732,809,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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||
<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF94824C916FFCFBC650FCD7" ID-CoL="6MWK" ID-ENA="524732" authority="Bedel, 1906" authorityName="Bedel" authorityYear="1906" box="[264,595,809,835]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C916FFCFBC5B8FCD7" bold="true" box="[264,443,809,835]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Pharoscymnus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="1A76B483FF94824C91A4FCFBC650FCD7" author="Bedel" box="[451,595,809,835]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Bedel, L. (1906) Synonymes de Coleopteres palaearctiques. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1906, 91 - 93." type="journal article" year="1906">Bedel, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="E6DCD5F7FF94824C9205FCFBC6D7FCD7" box="[610,724,809,835]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1687,1711]" captionTargetBox="[299,1299,676,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[291,1318,661,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Pharoscymnus flexibilis (Mulsant). 5 a – k. Habitus, elytral pattern variations; 6 – 7. Male genitalia: 6. Tegmen, ventral view; 7. Sipho." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172033/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Figs. 5–7</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="36FD9AF9FF94824C916FFCA0C0E0FB9C" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7E58C972FF94824C916FFCA0C6BDFC3C" blockId="3.[264,1322,881,1033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="5EF7EE5CFF94824C916FFCA0C6BDFC3C" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF94824C916FFCA0C63BFC1C" authority="Mulsant, 1850: 948" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityPageNumber="948" authorityYear="1850" box="[264,568,881,905]" class="Bivalvia" family="Pharidae" genus="Pharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C916FFCA0C556FC1D" box="[264,341,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Pharus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="FF46EF63FF94824C9138FCA3C63BFC1C" author="Mulsant" box="[351,568,881,904]" page="948" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" year="1850">
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<bibRefCitation id="1A76B483FF94824C9138FCA3C603FC1C" author="Mulsant" box="[351,512,881,904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Mulsant, E. (1850) Species des Coleopteres trimeres securipalpes. Annales des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles d'Agriculture et d'Industrie, Lyon, (2) 2, 1 - 1104." type="journal article" year="1850">Mulsant, 1850</bibRefCitation>
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: 948
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 949 (preoccupied).
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<typeStatus id="A15C77D0FF94824C937AFCA3C751FC1C" box="[797,850,881,904]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF94824C93DDFCA0C02DFC1D" ID-CoL="9G22G" box="[954,1070,882,905]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Coccinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C93DDFCA0C02DFC1D" box="[954,1070,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Coccinella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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6
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<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C9423FCA0C09BFC1D" box="[1092,1176,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">guttata</emphasis>
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Gyllenhal in
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<treatmentCitation id="FF46EF63FF94824C915FFC43C623FC3C" author="Schonherr" box="[312,544,913,936]" page="206" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" year="1808">
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<bibRefCitation id="1A76B483FF94824C915FFC43C5E8FC3C" author="Schonherr" box="[312,491,913,936]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Schonherr, C. J. (1808) Synonymia Insectorum. Vol. 1 (2). Stockholm." type="journal article" year="1808">Schönherr, 1808</bibRefCitation>
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: 206
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</treatmentCitation>
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, by monotypy.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E58C972FF94824C916FFC60C734FC5C" blockId="3.[264,1322,881,1033]" box="[264,823,945,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="5EF7EE5CFF94824C916FFC60C734FC5C" box="[264,823,945,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF94824C916FFC60C656FC5C" ID-CoL="6MWK" authority="Bedel, 1906: 93" authorityName="Bedel" authorityPageNumber="93" authorityYear="1906" box="[264,597,945,969]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C916FFC60C5A7FC5D" box="[264,420,946,969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Pharoscymnus</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="FF46EF63FF94824C91CCFC63C656FC5C" author="Bedel" box="[427,597,945,968]" page="93" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" year="1906">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="1A76B483FF94824C91CCFC63C62CFC5C" author="Bedel" box="[427,559,945,968]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Bedel, L. (1906) Synonymes de Coleopteres palaearctiques. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1906, 91 - 93." type="journal article" year="1906">Bedel, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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: 93
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(replacement name).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7E58C972FF94824C916FFC00C0E0FB9C" blockId="3.[264,1322,881,1033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C916FFC00C58EFC7D" box="[264,397,978,1001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Neojauravia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1A76B483FF94824C91F3FC03C6ABFC7C" author="Gordon" box="[404,680,977,1000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Gordon, R. D. & de Almeida, L. M. (1991) Sticholotidinae (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) update: Descriptions of new South American taxa. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 35 (1), 147 - 154." type="journal article" year="1991">Gordon & Almeida, 1991</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 153.
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||
<typeStatus id="A15C77D0FF94824C9280FC03C71FFC7C" box="[743,796,977,1000]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species:
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<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C931BFC00C053FC7D" box="[892,1104,978,1001]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Neojauravia naeida</emphasis>
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||
Gordon & Almeida, by original designation (
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<typeStatus id="A15C77D0FF94824C925BFC23C670FB9C" box="[572,627,1009,1032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
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||
locality:
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<collectingCountry id="06F089E2FF94824C92B0FC23C71FFB9C" box="[727,796,1009,1032]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
;
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||
<typeStatus id="A15C77D0FF94824C9340FC23C75FFB9C" box="[807,860,1009,1032]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Type</typeStatus>
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||
depository: DZUP).
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||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C945BFC23C0D8FB9D" bold="true" box="[1084,1243,1009,1033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">New synonym</emphasis>
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||
.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="36FD9AF9FF94824B916FFBEDC73FFECA" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="description">
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<paragraph id="7E58C972FF94824C916FFBEDC692FA0D" blockId="3.[264,1323,1087,1873]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
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The genus
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<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF94824C91E9FBEDC6DCFBCD" authority="Bedel (1906)" authorityName="Bedel" authorityYear="1906" box="[398,735,1087,1113]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C91E9FBEDC63AFBCC" box="[398,569,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Pharoscymnus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="1A76B483FF94824C9223FBEDC6DCFBCD" author="Bedel" box="[580,735,1087,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Bedel, L. (1906) Synonymes de Coleopteres palaearctiques. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 1906, 91 - 93." type="journal article" year="1906">Bedel (1906)</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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has been hitherto known only from the Oriental and African regions. During our studies, the genus
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<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C93FFFBB5C028FB14" box="[920,1067,1127,1152]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Neojauravia</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="1A76B483FF94824C945FFBB5C55AFB3D" author="Gordon" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Gordon, R. D. & de Almeida, L. M. (1991) Sticholotidinae (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) update: Descriptions of new South American taxa. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 35 (1), 147 - 154." type="journal article" year="1991">Gordon & Almeida (1991)</bibRefCitation>
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||
, described from
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<collectingCountry id="06F089E2FF94824C9244FB5DC66EFB3D" box="[547,621,1167,1193]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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||
, was found to be a new junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF94824C9418FB5DC129FB3C" box="[1151,1322,1167,1192]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C9418FB5DC129FB3C" box="[1151,1322,1167,1192]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Pharoscymnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C9175FB64C5BFFB44" bold="true" box="[274,444,1206,1232]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">new synonym</emphasis>
|
||
). Examination of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="A15C77D0FF94824C92D9FB65C720FB45" box="[702,803,1207,1233]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
in the USNM collections indicated that it is congeneric with
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<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF94824C91B1FB0DC682FB6C" box="[470,641,1247,1272]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C91B1FB0DC682FB6C" box="[470,641,1247,1272]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Pharoscymnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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by virtue of the following characters: pubescent body, short, 10segmented antenna, lateral expansion of clypeus for a short distance over the eyes and the quadrate prosternal process. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="A15C77D0FF94824C9344FAFDC756FADD" box="[803,853,1327,1353]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species,
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C93A5FAFDC0AFFADC" box="[962,1196,1327,1352]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Neojauravia naeida</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A76B483FF94824C94D4FAFDC5CFFAE5" author="Gordon" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Gordon, R. D. & de Almeida, L. M. (1991) Sticholotidinae (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) update: Descriptions of new South American taxa. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 35 (1), 147 - 154." type="journal article" year="1991">Gordon & Almeida (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, was found to be a new junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF94824C946BFA85C5C7FA0D" authority="Mulsant, 1853" authorityName="Mulsant" authorityYear="1853" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexibilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C946BFA85C128FAE4" box="[1036,1323,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Pharoscymnus flexibilis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A76B483FF94824C9177FAADC5BFFA0D" author="Mulsant" box="[272,444,1407,1433]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Mulsant, E. (1853) Supplement a la monographie des coleopteres trimeres securipalpes. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyon (N. S.), 1, 129 - 333." type="journal article" year="1853">Mulsant, 1853</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C91B1FAACC683FA0C" bold="true" box="[470,640,1406,1432]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">new synonym</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E58C972FF94824C915FFA75C7F2F925" blockId="3.[264,1323,1087,1873]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF94824C915FFA75C652FA54" box="[312,593,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexibilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C915FFA75C652FA54" box="[312,593,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Pharoscymnus flexibilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6DCD5F7FF94824C9202FA75C6B4FA55" box="[613,695,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1687,1711]" captionTargetBox="[299,1299,676,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[291,1318,661,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Pharoscymnus flexibilis (Mulsant). 5 a – k. Habitus, elytral pattern variations; 6 – 7. Male genitalia: 6. Tegmen, ventral view; 7. Sipho." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172033/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
a–k) is widely distributed in north and northwestern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06F089E2FF94824C916FFA1DC547FA7D" box="[264,324,1487,1513]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06F089E2FF94824C91E4FA1DC5E9FA7D" box="[387,490,1487,1513]" name="Pakistan" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and to a limited extent, peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06F089E2FF94824C93F8FA1DC7DCFA7D" box="[927,991,1487,1513]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="A15C77D0FF94824C9443FA1DC08AFA7D" box="[1060,1161,1487,1513]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C94D1FA1DC128FA7C" box="[1206,1323,1487,1512]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">N. naeida</emphasis>
|
||
examined has nine elytral spots, though the spots are often fused or reduced to a great extent in specimens from the Indian subcontinent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6DCD5F7FF94824C9332F9CDC7A6F9AD" box="[853,933,1567,1593]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1687,1711]" captionTargetBox="[299,1299,676,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[291,1318,661,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Pharoscymnus flexibilis (Mulsant). 5 a – k. Habitus, elytral pattern variations; 6 – 7. Male genitalia: 6. Tegmen, ventral view; 7. Sipho." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172033/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
b–k). All the specimens collected in peninsular
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06F089E2FF94824C91CFF995C5E7F9F5" box="[424,484,1607,1633]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
by the senior author have the elytral spots greatly reduced in size and / or number. The postantennal canthus in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="A15C77D0FF94824C9378F9BDC787F91D" box="[799,900,1647,1673]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C93C9F9BDC020F91C" box="[942,1059,1647,1672]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">N. naeida</emphasis>
|
||
appears to be slightly broader than that in the examples from the Indian subcontinent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E58C972FF94824B915FF96DC73FFECA" blockId="3.[264,1323,1087,1873]" lastBlockId="4.[264,1323,284,630]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A76B483FF94824C915FF96DC5D9F94D" author="Kapur" box="[312,474,1727,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Kapur, A. P. (1956) Systematic and biological notes on the ladybird beetles predacious on the San Jose scale in Kashmir with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Records of the Indian Museum, 52 (1954), 257 - 274." type="journal article" year="1956">Kapur (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
illustrated the habitus, elytral pattern variations and the genitalia and provided a detailed description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF94824C92F0F935C71BF894" box="[663,792,1767,1792]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexibilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF94824C92F0F935C71BF894" box="[663,792,1767,1792]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">P. flexibilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The male genitalia are illustrated here (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6DCD5F7FF94824C9488F935C536F8BD" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1687,1711]" captionTargetBox="[299,1299,676,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[291,1318,661,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Pharoscymnus flexibilis (Mulsant). 5 a – k. Habitus, elytral pattern variations; 6 – 7. Male genitalia: 6. Tegmen, ventral view; 7. Sipho." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172033/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Figs. 6–7</figureCitation>
|
||
) for reference as
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A76B483FF94824C9276F8DDC6B0F8BD" author="Kapur" box="[529,691,1807,1833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Kapur, A. P. (1956) Systematic and biological notes on the ladybird beetles predacious on the San Jose scale in Kashmir with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Records of the Indian Museum, 52 (1954), 257 - 274." type="journal article" year="1956">Kapur (1956)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not illustrate the sipho and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A76B483FF94824C9458F8DDC555F8C5" author="Gordon" pageId="3" pageNumber="32" refString="Gordon, R. D. & de Almeida, L. M. (1991) Sticholotidinae (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) update: Descriptions of new South American taxa. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 35 (1), 147 - 154." type="journal article" year="1991">Gordon & Almeida (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have illustrated only a truncated version of the sipho. The basal lobe (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6DCD5F7FF94824C94E0F8E5C0CFF8C5" box="[1159,1228,1847,1873]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1687,1711]" captionTargetBox="[299,1299,676,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[291,1318,661,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Pharoscymnus flexibilis (Mulsant). 5 a – k. Habitus, elytral pattern variations; 6 – 7. Male genitalia: 6. Tegmen, ventral view; 7. Sipho." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172033/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) is long and tubular, gradually tapering to an acuminate apex. The sipho (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E6DCD5F7FF93824B9473FECEC05FFEA2" box="[1044,1116,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 7" captionStartId="4.[264,382,1687,1711]" captionTargetBox="[299,1299,676,1686]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[291,1318,661,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 7. Pharoscymnus flexibilis (Mulsant). 5 a – k. Habitus, elytral pattern variations; 6 – 7. Male genitalia: 6. Tegmen, ventral view; 7. Sipho." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172033/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
) is very elongate and slender, with an enlarged, spatulate capsule.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="36FD9AF9FF93824A915FFEB9C021FDB2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E58C972FF93824B915FFEB9C591FDE2" blockId="4.[264,1323,284,630]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF93824B915FFEB9C5A9FE11" bold="true" box="[312,426,363,389]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
: The
|
||
<typeStatus id="A15C77D0FF93824B919AFEBEC633FE12" box="[509,560,364,390]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF93824B92B3FEBEC75DFE11" box="[724,862,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexibilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF93824B92B3FEBEC75DFE11" box="[724,862,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">P. flexibilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at University of Cambridge, Crotch Collection (UCCC) has been out on loan for many years and was therefore not available for examination. A second specimen in the box under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF93824B93EAFE6EC013FE41" box="[909,1040,444,469]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexibilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF93824B93EAFE6EC013FE41" box="[909,1040,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">P. flexibilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined by the junior author was found to be extremely teneral and scarcely coloured. However, it was clearly a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF93824B91E1FDDEC632FDB1" box="[390,561,524,549]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF93824B91E1FDDEC632FDB1" box="[390,561,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Pharoscymnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not a
|
||
<typeStatus id="A15C77D0FF93824B92D4FDDEC70DFDB2" box="[691,782,524,550]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
as it was labelled Chevr., presumably having come from Chevrolat’s collection and not Deyrolle’s as listed in the original 1853 description.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="2A9899FAFF93824B916FF945C723F945" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/172033/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" targetBox="[299,1299,676,1686]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="7E58C972FF93824B916FF945C723F945" blockId="4.[264,1323,1687,1745]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF93824B916FF945C5B5F93B" bold="true" box="[264,438,1687,1711]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">FIGURES 5–7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF93824B91D9F94AC737F93B" authority="Mulsant" authorityName="Mulsant" box="[446,820,1688,1711]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexibilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF93824B91D9F94AC6BCF93B" box="[446,703,1688,1711]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Pharoscymnus flexibilis</emphasis>
|
||
(Mulsant)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 5a–k. Habitus, elytral pattern variations; 6–7. Male genitalia: 6. Tegmen, ventral view; 7. Sipho.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E58C972FF93824A915FF8FFC6F4FE3A" blockId="4.[264,1322,1837,1903]" lastBlockId="5.[264,1324,284,550]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
|
||
There is no available record in the literature about any deliberate introduction of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF93824B9572F8FFC56EF8FA" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexibilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF93824B9572F8FFC56EF8FA" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">P. flexibilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06F089E2FF93824B91F5F887C5D9F8FB" box="[402,474,1877,1903]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
or anywhere in the Americas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A76B483FF93824B9326F887C7E9F8FB" author="Gordon" box="[833,1002,1877,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1985) The Coccinellidae of America, north of Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 93, 1 - 912." type="journal article" year="1985">Gordon, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1A76B483FF93824B9410F887C129F8FB" author="Clausen" box="[1143,1322,1877,1903]" pageId="4" pageNumber="32" refString="Clausen, C. P. (1959) Releases of recently imported insect parasites and predators in California, 1956 - 57. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 35, 107 - 108." type="journal article" year="1959">Clausen (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentions about the introduction and release of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF92824A9322FECEC7F2FEA1" box="[837,1009,284,309]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF92824A9322FECEC7F2FEA1" box="[837,1009,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Pharoscymnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. in southern California, which did not establish. The source of this
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF92824A937BFE96C7CBFEC9" box="[796,968,324,349]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF92824A937BFE96C7CBFEC9" box="[796,968,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Pharoscymnus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is not indicated and it is not clear if it was
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF92824A91A6FEBEC653FE11" box="[449,592,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B9E7B2F1FF92824A91A6FEBEC648FE11" box="[449,587,364,389]" class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Pharoscymnus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flexibilis">P. flexibilis</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Its occurrence in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06F089E2FF92824A9353FEBEC77FFE12" box="[820,892,364,390]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
appears to be a case of accidental introduction through trade and commerce.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E58C972FF92824A915FFE69C021FDB2" blockId="5.[264,1324,284,550]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C931560FF92824A915FFE69C642FE41" bold="true" box="[312,577,443,469]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Specimens examined</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="A15C77D0FF92824A9230FE6EC6C1FE42" box="[599,706,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
: “Piracicaba, SP,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06F089E2FF92824A93C6FE6EC7EFFE42" box="[929,1004,444,470]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="0A59EFB2FF92824A9399FE6EC086FE42" box="[1022,1157,444,470]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" value="1987-02-13">13.02.1987</date>
|
||
, L. Crestana/ Schinus terebinthifolium em follias aivore 4A/
|
||
<typeStatus id="A15C77D0FF92824A932DFE36C7B2FE6A" box="[842,945,484,510]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
Neojauravia naeida Gordon & Almeida (Green label)” (USNM). Numerous specimens from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="06F089E2FF92824A93B9FDDEC01DFDB2" box="[990,1054,524,550]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |