353 lines
48 KiB
XML
353 lines
48 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="57DCCB59F2EC7A6E0AA5A7F1800F761C">New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non- Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2A7FA870B279EBB44814E7CC86F5F115">Tang, Chang-Ti</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="119D3268D437C5C84287CA27FE158358">Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="889BF88436D274ACB3B8A9716F36FCB5">Miko, Istvan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="578B760B4BDB191B6A18777AC9562E0B">Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, Frost Entomological Museum, PA, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7FA1BD65E2A058F03037FFDF6C07E7D9">Nicholls, James A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D2FF13D0E054161FFF2502175BBD9150">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH 9 3 JT, Scotland, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1EA834BB5930589AC6B6D061529C1DA1">Schweger, Szabina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="60D9A856914C7376A2F786750F3311FD">University of Szeged, Department of Ecology, Koezep fasor 52 Szeged, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D02AAA7A595481FF7D863924D2FD3DD1">Yang, Man-Miao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AA59132166D884A71A35A8258C3CA01D">Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="38AC564F1BF9CB9DA1AF20E08FEB7527">Stone, Graham N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="CB5F3471816261DA000E7C16394AFEA5">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH 9 3 JT, Scotland, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2958CAFB31280BF1AAC4825F49C15487">Sinclair, Frazer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="85D92A2FF823B1309F099367BC331E42">Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH 9 3 JT, Scotland, U. K.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D34B85A21E63A210A8679FFB72C294F3">Bozso, Miklos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3E6A98268A3D2CBAA228F52A79960581">Plant Health and Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Directorate of Plant Protection, Soil Conservation and Agri-environment, Budaoersi str. 141 - 145, Budapest 1118, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="44AC7256D76FDB0C892FC67A7D9B4382">Melika, George</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="229D770A84D7A173794978C5001935C1">Plant Health and Molecular Biology Laboratory, National Food Chain Safety Office, Directorate of Plant Protection, Soil Conservation and Agri-environment, Budaoersi str. 141 - 145, Budapest 1118, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7CC3CA5BA8DF6179D2CB89E7590EE5C6">Penzes, Zsolt</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="651F1D1846D44CBE5BF25DC677C7F994">University of Szeged, Department of Ecology, Koezep fasor 52 Szeged, Hungary</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="10BA87E15205CDAE939A724BD5F9444F">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1D6EB539B7C8F8BD79BDE7ED44CE7729">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3776259F8A6B042406EEB077FD279284">2016-12-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4FC909546798255469470C9D60ACA9DA">53</mods:number>
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<treatment id="F39D6FA94B9D11B20488F018174E999C" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154473343" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3E8127B2-15D1-4180-A727-E63DCA523064" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F39D6FA94B9D11B20488F018174E999C" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="30" pageNumber="107" scope_family="Cynipidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera">
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<subSubSection id="D8746AD0FEF18DAC6A84D3F7C5A9B92D" pageId="30" pageNumber="107" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5078F201ACD02978B22F7054BE2072DC" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">
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<taxonomicName id="34CCF88C35B01DDDC1442B0E1FCCC132" LSID="http://zoobank.org/3E8127B2-15D1-4180-A727-E63DCA523064" authority="Melika & Tang" authorityName="Melika & Tang" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Cynipidae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dryocosmus hearni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hearni" status="sp. n.">Dryocosmus hearni Melika & Tang</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="740FAB616590DD425302985EF04D2C21" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="F9CE3B3F8B912BB6C9FBF084BA589A41" captionStart="Figures 64–71" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 64 - 71. Dryocosmus hearni sp. n. 64 - 66 head, female: 64 frontal view 65 dorsal view 66 posterior view 67 - 69 head, male: 67 frontal view 68 dorsal view 69 posterior view 70 - 71 antenna: 70 female 71 male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.9890.figures64-71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115551" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Figures 64-71</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="3FA54CE77E1C821165645938F4C7C4E1" captionStart="Figures 72–76" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 72 - 76. Dryocosmus hearni sp. n. 72 - 75 female: 72 mesosoma, lateral view 73 mesosoma, dorsal view 74 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 75 fore wing, part. 76 gall (photo by C. - T. Tang) (not = notaulus, trc = transverse carina on central propodeal area, sab = subaxillular bar, mtr = metanotal trough)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.9890.figures72-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115552" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">, 72-76</figureCitation>
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<paragraph id="2240F540E9F730CC579BD76C9E851ED2" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DB52C4C687169D9231D1CA71CBFC3D40" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">
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HOLOTYPE female: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi ex
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<emphasis id="620CDCE18F786E725EC3AF1FB292F462" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Castanopsis</emphasis>
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sp4, 11.IV.2011 (CHI48),
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, 1675m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 13.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn. Fifteen female and twenty seven male PARATYPES: 5 female and 7 male paratypes with the same labels as holotype; 2 female and 7 male paratypes: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi, ex
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, 1675m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 14.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn; 4 female and 4 male paratypes: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi, ex
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, 1675m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 15.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn; 2 male paratypes: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi, ex
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, 1675m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 12.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn; 4 male paratypes: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi, ex
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<emphasis id="2D7D94B26E14F30EF47A17E5702C853D" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Castanopsis</emphasis>
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sp4, 11.IV.2011 (CHI49),
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, 1675m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 13.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn; 2 male paratypes: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi, ex
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<emphasis id="E6AFF9326CFE10C715C59F1B49B7E6E9" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Castanopsis</emphasis>
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sp4, 11.IV.2011 (CHI49),
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,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="2FF88A05CFF84547DB68FA33F5778DEF" degrees="100.026650" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="100.02665">100.026650°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1675m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 14.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn; 1 male paratype: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Xiagudi, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FAE071246C437DA5DEC30EC4F1079ABF" class="Hexapoda" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Castanopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5655CC98429DDFD92D40531DEEA44090" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Castanopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp4, 11.IV.2011 (CHI49),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DB0C1EC6EB69F15018748E2365CE9AFB" degrees="22.630467" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="22.630466">22.630467°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AE3C581C23164A6B4A8D27D4E549B4D4" degrees="100.026650" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="100.02665">100.026650°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1675m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 15.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn; 4 female paratypes: CHINA: Yunnan Prov., Lan Cang Co., Mt. Xinghou 3, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC82774B60F61A144452EDB2D2CC4CCA" class="Hexapoda" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Castanopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="6CCCE4A99DA59C9817F97F153BA184C2" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Castanopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp4, 12.IV.2011 (CHI55),
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6ADFBB51DCB662E5C0D3F50EB796EB82" degrees="22.073200" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="22.0732">22.073200°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="712A2F4BBF5FC3BE275803F809C9DBA2" degrees="100.184450" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="100.18445">100.184450°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 1329m, ex integrated large leaf gall (AGWP-Morpho68), em. 14.IV.2011, leg. C. T. Tang, F. Sinclair, J. Hearn.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE8A2ED4D6A61D6E1E83C7C3758F3BD9" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">The female holotype, 4 female and 7 male paratypes are deposited in NMNS, 5 female and 7 male paratypes in PHMB, 2 female and 4 male paratypes in USNM, 4 female and 9 male paratypes in NCHU.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A0E74EA43FEAB1A806C63290CCB8CE25" pageId="30" pageNumber="107" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2F5BD9D5F0CC4F6E650AB99E48AF4BD9" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D9BBF97F77567CB5F0CAF9BAE3A785FD" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Named in honour of Dr. Jack Hearn (Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, Scotland), whose help was crucial in the organization of the collecting trip to China in 2011.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8649466B4400FDC3FC53DD103444C555" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="108" pageId="30" pageNumber="107" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="58992D086818BD75257BE6FCC864FE1D" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B4B825CF03181ACCF9A5B530A80A273" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">
|
||
Most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9956EE507B3E0F763E9061D7EA02875" authorityName="Tang & Melika" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Fagaceae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dryocosmus testisimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testisimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="74C37DC17125BF6EC6E50281E6F137AA" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Dryocosmus testisimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1ACA57D6A775B932DE6B239356E8BA46" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C15C9A2B337F0D8DF3450817C373E3B" authorityName="Melika & Tang" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Fagaceae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dryocosmus hearni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hearni">
|
||
<emphasis id="02D5ECA5392E8EF33F57A64DED7E5C51" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Dryocosmus hearni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the head and mesosoma of females and males are orange-yellow (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="FDACC83BDE8948DEF6E2AC9D3BFC9656" captionStart="Figures 64–71" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figures 64 - 71. Dryocosmus hearni sp. n. 64 - 66 head, female: 64 frontal view 65 dorsal view 66 posterior view 67 - 69 head, male: 67 frontal view 68 dorsal view 69 posterior view 70 - 71 antenna: 70 female 71 male." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.9890.figures64-71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115551" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">64-69</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B33FA4F1653BF9313893DF8C1FF95B03" captionStart="Figures 72–76" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 72 - 76. Dryocosmus hearni sp. n. 72 - 75 female: 72 mesosoma, lateral view 73 mesosoma, dorsal view 74 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 75 fore wing, part. 76 gall (photo by C. - T. Tang) (not = notaulus, trc = transverse carina on central propodeal area, sab = subaxillular bar, mtr = metanotal trough)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.9890.figures72-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115552" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">72-73</figureCitation>
|
||
), the metasoma is dark brown. The notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width = 5 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="0C8869F016BE48E73E1029B9B869F4C2" captionStart="Figures 72–76" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 72 - 76. Dryocosmus hearni sp. n. 72 - 75 female: 72 mesosoma, lateral view 73 mesosoma, dorsal view 74 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 75 fore wing, part. 76 gall (photo by C. - T. Tang) (not = notaulus, trc = transverse carina on central propodeal area, sab = subaxillular bar, mtr = metanotal trough)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.9890.figures72-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115552" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">73</figureCitation>
|
||
); posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough = 0.25 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3B882BC7A999302504C9E498CF625801" captionStart="Figures 72–76" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 72 - 76. Dryocosmus hearni sp. n. 72 - 75 female: 72 mesosoma, lateral view 73 mesosoma, dorsal view 74 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 75 fore wing, part. 76 gall (photo by C. - T. Tang) (not = notaulus, trc = transverse carina on central propodeal area, sab = subaxillular bar, mtr = metanotal trough)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.9890.figures72-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115552" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">72</figureCitation>
|
||
); the central propodeal area is with a transverse carina in dorsal 1/3rd (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8A851ED994A5275C8C510DF855AE8B3D" captionStart="Figures 72–76" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 72 - 76. Dryocosmus hearni sp. n. 72 - 75 female: 72 mesosoma, lateral view 73 mesosoma, dorsal view 74 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 75 fore wing, part. 76 gall (photo by C. - T. Tang) (not = notaulus, trc = transverse carina on central propodeal area, sab = subaxillular bar, mtr = metanotal trough)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.9890.figures72-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115552" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">74</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DE0515102C71B347FD352E046B60BE0B" ID-Zenodo-Dep="984473" doi="10.3897/jhr.53.9890.figures64-71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115551" pageId="30" pageNumber="107" start="Figures 64–71" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph id="2F4A4246D5988CE2D6827819A3996DB0" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="93BD27CB4BB200E7AC93B93B27BD27B0" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Figures 64-71.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="496D7823B02D557FF44935072B741976" authorityName="Melika & Tang" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Fagaceae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dryocosmus hearni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hearni">
|
||
<emphasis id="02CFA8215E3B60F01AB407FF1F1DC446" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Dryocosmus hearni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
<emphasis id="9E732ED5B1508BCA60386A05ED28EA19" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">64-66</emphasis>
|
||
head, female:
|
||
<emphasis id="59D15F5A3C8983AE4AB235C57C4EEE43" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">64</emphasis>
|
||
frontal view
|
||
<emphasis id="5B56FB86E54094A3C543CCF44B4CD1E8" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">65</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="6462B12049A181E39D66DE295F25174E" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">66</emphasis>
|
||
posterior view
|
||
<emphasis id="ABD435A68404BF3434436D874CF352CC" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">67-69</emphasis>
|
||
head, male:
|
||
<emphasis id="FBC67B63E2C0912F1D92C56251D87FA8" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">67</emphasis>
|
||
frontal view
|
||
<emphasis id="A2C835A56568C5AE3F72487C10E737B0" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">68</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="5221546A89A6954462DDB9E294844304" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">69</emphasis>
|
||
posterior view
|
||
<emphasis id="F0D111182A63B1F9B69E53A5ACDE5CEF" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">70-71</emphasis>
|
||
antenna:
|
||
<emphasis id="E15CFF2C33F3229E60E132D8897E19D1" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">70</emphasis>
|
||
female
|
||
<emphasis id="369B54E6B8714D7ADDC634A178179160" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">71</emphasis>
|
||
male.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="3BDF36C0AD77ED6FDA2BD99E9747A7AF" ID-Zenodo-Dep="984475" doi="10.3897/jhr.53.9890.figures72-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115552" pageId="30" pageNumber="107" start="Figures 72–76" startId="F13">
|
||
<paragraph id="BC9122D58D3565D1FA3BE294E736E617" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<emphasis id="80DFA683FB9C984E582AE7D3C631AD2C" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Figures 72-76.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="370D56513B85AEC458451FCEBE460D1A" authorityName="Melika & Tang" authorityYear="2016" class="Insecta" family="Fagaceae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dryocosmus hearni" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hearni">
|
||
<emphasis id="0A7DD7E84B669B8F24A5232E9D083C61" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Dryocosmus hearni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
<emphasis id="377DD79C2E2A05DF6807DD2203D8CB12" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">72-75</emphasis>
|
||
female:
|
||
<emphasis id="B30EB615D964E944EDA8D246D498B16D" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">72</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma, lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="399D2243EB1AADC1E8A0CA80C73E5899" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">73</emphasis>
|
||
mesosoma, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="B26686EECA2DD641E2549B07F9BA17AB" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">74</emphasis>
|
||
metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="DC8C6A9D3CCC0CB2F21A61ACC5115D4C" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">75</emphasis>
|
||
fore wing, part.
|
||
<emphasis id="9694EE8A97B50CC771799F50462D70AA" bold="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">76</emphasis>
|
||
gall (photo by C.-T. Tang) (not=notaulus, trc=transverse carina on central propodeal area, sab=subaxillular bar, mtr=metanotal trough).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B4DE87425575CB0A0F82B09A9FB6F99" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F97030FA563EA8A4BD373725031DAD28" authorityName="Tang & Melika" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Fagaceae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dryocosmus testisimilis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="107" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="testisimilis">
|
||
<emphasis id="345672C99235EAB07BF362BC9F417F0D" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">Dryocosmus testisimilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: in females the head and mesosoma are light brown, the mesoscutum, mesopleuron, metapleuron and propodeum are darker, the metasoma dark brown (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="DF8F9AF55816040A5ACA37645A9C39AC" captionStart="Figures 174–181" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figures 174 - 181. 174 - 175 Dryocosmus pentagonalis: 174 head, female, dorsal view 175 head, male, frontal view. 176 - 177 Dryocosmus triangularis: 176 head, female, dorsal view 177 head, male, frontal view 178 - 179 Dryocosmus pentagonalis, female: 178 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 179 mesosoma, lateral view, part 180 - 181 Dryocosmus testisimilis, female: 180 central propodeal area, posterior view 181 mesoscutum, dorsal view (dms = disc of mesoscutellum, not = notaulus)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.9890.figures174-181" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115571" pageId="30" pageNumber="107">180-181</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9F46C9EC8B0BC419605C90B77F46CAB3" pageId="31" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="2190A22B476A93C5DCE8D4436C2D39DD" pageId="31" pageNumber="108" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||
body dark brown in males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA887B4075FD6583160569C712D24863" pageId="31" pageNumber="108">
|
||
The notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width = 1 (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DC3A100720E2A723CD58102A51B99415" captionStart="Figures 174–181" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figures 174 - 181. 174 - 175 Dryocosmus pentagonalis: 174 head, female, dorsal view 175 head, male, frontal view. 176 - 177 Dryocosmus triangularis: 176 head, female, dorsal view 177 head, male, frontal view 178 - 179 Dryocosmus pentagonalis, female: 178 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 179 mesosoma, lateral view, part 180 - 181 Dryocosmus testisimilis, female: 180 central propodeal area, posterior view 181 mesoscutum, dorsal view (dms = disc of mesoscutellum, not = notaulus)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.9890.figures174-181" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115571" pageId="31" pageNumber="108">181</figureCitation>
|
||
), posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough>1; the central propodeal area without a transverse carina in dorsal 1/3rd (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="108E48C13ED6884BF2AC49DB0FFD615C" captionStart="Figures 174–181" captionStartId="F32" captionText="Figures 174 - 181. 174 - 175 Dryocosmus pentagonalis: 174 head, female, dorsal view 175 head, male, frontal view. 176 - 177 Dryocosmus triangularis: 176 head, female, dorsal view 177 head, male, frontal view 178 - 179 Dryocosmus pentagonalis, female: 178 mesoscutellum, dorsal view 179 mesosoma, lateral view, part 180 - 181 Dryocosmus testisimilis, female: 180 central propodeal area, posterior view 181 mesoscutum, dorsal view (dms = disc of mesoscutellum, not = notaulus)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.9890.figures174-181" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115571" pageId="31" pageNumber="108">179</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="FBC10D06F47C5D05028CD1C5F76FBCA2" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="31" pageNumber="108" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D74BF2956748C3E92955EA80E37F4EA5" pageId="31" pageNumber="108">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E7C70AE97C0209ACE90F1E821ABC398C" pageId="31" pageNumber="108">Sexual female: Head color: orange-yellow, except for darker mandibles, scape, pedicel, F1-F5 yellowish brown, subsequent flagellomeres progressively darker. Mesosoma and metasoma color: mesosoma orange-yellow, except for legs yellowish, except tibia and first tarsomere dark brown, metasoma dark brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="27509683342EDBC7B57B7A9106AD37AA" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="110" pageId="31" pageNumber="108">
|
||
Head sculpture: smooth, glossy. Head shape anterior view: NOT CODED. Head width / head length: 2.0. Head width / head height: 1.30. Head width / maximum mesosoma width: 1. Gena sculpture: smooth. Gena reflectivity: glossy. Gena length / eye width: 0.82. Gena shape: broadened posterior to eye, visible in frontal view. Malar striae count: present. Malar striae dorsal limit: torulus-eye line on lower face and lower eye margin on malar area. Malar area: alutaceous. Malar sulcus: absent. Eye height / malar distance: 2.50. Inner margins of eyes: NOT CODED. Median ocellus shape: spherical. Lateral ocellus shape: ovate. POL / OOL: 0.84. OOL / diameter of lateral ocellus: 2.60. OOL / LOL: 3.10. Diameter of lateral ocellus / diameter of median ocellus: NOT CODED. Transfacial distance / eye height: 1.37. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 2.00. Intertorular distance / eye torulus distance: NOT CODED. Eye-torulus distance / diameter of torulus: 1.40. Lower face sculpture: alutaceous. Lower face pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lower face pilosity density: dense. Clypeus convexity: flat. Clypeus sculpture: smooth. Clypeus ventral margin shape: straight. Clypeus reflectivity: NOT CODED. Clypeus shape anterior view: rectangular. Clypeus pilosity: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity density: NOT CODED. Clypeus pilosity color: NOT CODED. Anterior tentorial pit: small, indistinct. Epistomal sulcus: indistinct. Clypeo-pleurostomal line: indistinct. Frons sculpture: smooth. Frons pilosity density: rare. Frons reflectivity: glossy. Frons pilosity color: white. Impression around central ocellus: present. Interocellar area sculpture: smooth. Interocellar area pilosity density: rare. Interocellar area reflectivity: glossy. Interocellar area pilosity color: white. Vertex sculpture: smooth. Vertex pilosity density: rare. Vertex reflectivity: glossy. Vertex pilosity color: white. Occiput sculpture: smooth. Occiput pilosity density: rare. Occiput reflectivity: glossy. Occiput pilosity color: white. Postocciput sculpture: smooth. Postocciput reflectivity: glossy. Postocciput pilosity: present. Postocciput pilosity density: rare. Postocciput pilosity color: white. Median impression of postocciput dorsal to occipital foramen: NOT CODED. Posterior tentorial pit: large, deep, distinct. Impression abjacent ventrally to posterior tentorial pit: absent. Postgena sculpture: smooth. Postgena reflectivity: glossy. Postgena pilosity color: white. Postgena pilosity density: rare. Postgena pilosity count: present. Postgenal bridge / height of occipital foramen: 1. Postgenal bridge / length of oral foramen: <1. Postgenal bridge sculpture: NOT CODED. Number of flagellomeres (female): 12. Antenna length / body length: <1. Pedicel length / pedicel width: <1.0. Pedicel length / length of broadened part of scape: 0.68. Combined length of scape and pedicel / first flagellomere length: NOT CODED. F1 length / F2 length: 1.1. F1 length / pedicel length: 1.7. F1 length / F3
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="723736F664EACB0846EB701C25CAFE59" pageId="32" pageNumber="109" start="start">length</pageBreakToken>
|
||
: 1.00. Flagellomeres relative length: F3>F4>F5>F6>F7>F8>F9>F10>F11. F4-F7 relative length: NOT CODED. F3 length/F2 length: NOT CODED. F3 length / F4 length: NOT CODED. F8 length / F7 length: NOT CODED. F9 length /F8
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="72933571D8C2331CF923491B4B358E75" pageId="33" pageNumber="110" start="start">length</pageBreakToken>
|
||
: NOT CODED. F10 length / F9 length: NOT CODED. F9-F11 relative length: NOT CODED. F10 length / F11 length: NOT CODED. F12 length / F11 length: 1.63. F13 length / F12 length: NOT CODED. Placoid sensilla present on: F2-F12.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D1AAB533C08B594FD681925F7C02EE9F" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="111" pageId="33" pageNumber="110">
|
||
Mesosoma length lateral view / mesosoma height lateral view: 1.26. Pronotum sculpture: smooth with some rugae laterally. Pronotal dorsal row of setae count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus depth: deep. Transverse pronotal sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Mesoscutum sculpture: smooth. Mesoscutum reflectivity: glossy. Adnotaular setae: present. Mesoscutum length / transscutal line: 1.2. Notaulus limits: well-impressed, posterior end adjacent to posterior margin of mesoscutum, anterior end adjacent to anterior margin of mesoscutum. Notaulus sculpture: NOT CODED. Notaulus posterior region width / anterior region width: NOT CODED. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus anterior end vs notaulus anterior end: adjacent. Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus sculpture: NOT CODED. Median mesoscutal line: present. Median mesoscutal line shape: NOT CODED. Parapsidal line: absent. Parapsidal line distinctness: NOT CODED. Anteroadmedian line: absent. Antero-admedian line length / mesoscutum median length: NOT CODED. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae): coriaceous, foveolate laterally and posteriorly. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) shape: trapezoid. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity color: white. Dorsomedian area of mesoscutellar-axillar complex (disc of mesoscutellum+axillar foveae) pilosity density: rare. Mesoscutellar axillar complex posterior margin vs metanotum: overhanging. Mesoscutellar-axillar complex length / mesoscutellar disc width:>1. Disc of mesoscutellum sculpture: rugose. Disc of mesoscutellum maximum width: in posterior 1/3. Scutellar fovea sculpture: smooth without longitudinal rugae. Scutellar fovea shape: semilunar. Scutellar fovea reflectivity: glossy. Foveal septum: narrow. Anterior pits on foveal septum: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea maximum diameter / scutellar fovea minimum diameter: NOT CODED. Scutellar fovea minimum diameter / foveal septum width: NOT CODED. Postacetabular suclus count: NOT CODED. Mesopleuron sculpture: smooth, striae marking transepisternal line absent. Mesopleuron reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleuron pilosity: glabrous. Speculum sculpture: smooth. Speculum reflectivity: glossy. Mesopleural triangle sculpture: rugose. Mesopleural triangle reflectivity: NOT CODED. Mesopleural triangle pilosity: present. Mesopleural triangle pilosity color: white. Mesopleural trinagle pilosity density: rare. Dorsoaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Dorsoaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity color: white. Dorsoaxillar area pilosity density: rare. Lateroaxillar area sculpture: smooth. Lateroaxillar area reflectivity: glossy. Lateroaxillar area pilosity density: rare. Lateroaxillar area pilosity color: white. Subaxillular bar sculpture: smooth. Subaxillular bar reflectivity: glossy. Posterior height of subaxillular bar / height of metanotal trough: 0.25. Metapleural sulcus anterior end: reaches mesometapleural suture in upper ⅓ of its length. Metascutellum sculpture: coriaceous. Metanotal trough sculpture: smooth. Metanotal trough reflectivity: glossy. Metanotal trough pilosity: absent.
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="CC23B6FE6060F77B0C88015BF71D2422" pageId="34" pageNumber="111" start="start">Metanotal</pageBreakToken>
|
||
trough pilosity density: NOT CODED. Ventral impressed area of metanotum sculpture: smooth without striae. Metascutellum height / ventral impressed area of metanotum height: 1. Central propodeal area sculpture: smooth, with transverse carina in dorsal 1/3rd and with longitudinal paralell rugae between transverse carina and nucha. Central propodeal area reflectivity: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal carina shape: broad, high slightly curved laterally in mid-height. Lateral propodeal area sculpture: rugose. Lateral propodeal area pilosity: present. Lateral propodeal area pilosity color: NOT CODED. Lateral propodeal area pilosity density: rare. Nucha sculpture: with delicate longitudinal rugae dorsally and laterally. Radial cell length / radial cell width: 3.7. Rs+M vs basalis: reaches basalis in lower half of its height. Rs+M color: dark brown. Areolet: large, triangular, conspicuous. Marginal cilia: long. Rs distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. R1 distal end vs wing margin: adjacent to wing margin. Basal lobe on metatarsal claw: absent. Basal lobe on tarsal claw shape: NOT CODED.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="861C127425A5A830C6B19A6234BA7F95" pageId="34" pageNumber="111">Metasoma length / head+mesosoma length: <1. Metasoma lateral height / metasoma lateral length: <1. 2nd metasomal tergite length dorsal view / length of metasoma dorsal view: 0.40. Second metasomal tergite pilosity: present mediolaterally. Second metasomal tergite sculpture: smooth. Second metasomal tergite reflectivity: NOT CODED. Second metasomal tergite pilosity density: rare. Metasomal tergites 3-6 sculpture: smooth, no micropunctures. Metasomal tergites 3-6 reflectivity: glossy. Metasomal tergites 3-6 pilosity: absent. Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium length ventral view / Prominent part of ventral spine of hypopygium width ventral view: 1.30. Hypopygial setae apical end: extending beyond posterior end of ventral spine of hypopygium.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BC00CA6E932AE90EAC961C52EA5A9231" pageId="34" pageNumber="111">Body length: 2.80-3.10mm (n = 5).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD456144B058A8548075F6BA606E60D8" pageId="34" pageNumber="111">Male: Similar to female. Color: Head and mesosoma orange-yellow; metasoma dark brown; antenna light brown to dark brown; inner margins of lateral ocelli dark brown. Eye size vs female eye size: eye larger in male. Anterior tentorial pit size: NOT CODED. Diameter of torulus / intertorular distance: 3.0. Diameter of lateral ocellus vs diameter of female lateral ocellus: 1.30. Flagellomeres count: 13. Antenna length / body length:>1. F1 shape: F1 curved and broadened apically. F1 length / F2 length: 1.07. Flagellomeres relative length: F2>F3>F4>F5>F6>F9>F10>F11>F12. F13 length / F12 length: 1.08. Placoid sensilla present on: F2-F13. Body length: 2.7-2.9 mm (n=5).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5DEF120EE87C92A39AFD4F71A681A9D2" pageId="34" pageNumber="111">
|
||
Gall (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="83E9D3471ACB927CBDDE9CB32CCB6EFF" captionStart="Figures 72–76" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figures 72 - 76. Dryocosmus hearni sp. n. 72 - 75 female: 72 mesosoma, lateral view 73 mesosoma, dorsal view 74 metascutellum and propodeum, posterodorsal view 75 fore wing, part. 76 gall (photo by C. - T. Tang) (not = notaulus, trc = transverse carina on central propodeal area, sab = subaxillular bar, mtr = metanotal trough)." figureDoi="10.3897/jhr.53.9890.figures72-76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/115552" pageId="34" pageNumber="111">76</figureCitation>
|
||
): Galls are integrated leaf swellings, usually located at the base of leaves, and are concolorous with the leaves. The galls are 22.4-24.3 mm long, 18.2-19.0 mm wide (n=3).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8BF113D1871E95F2417BDCA072FF523C" pageId="34" pageNumber="111" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="F55B4BA53E6E4EB813509842BB88502E" pageId="34" pageNumber="111">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC5F12D264C8544F0BC2921952E5A690" pageId="34" pageNumber="111">
|
||
Only the sexual generation is known. Galls were collected from young leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="762AF5D9D6479981D51D6512197C47AD" class="Hexapoda" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Castanopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CA98DA2009965CF14A83874468A2F79C" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="111">Castanopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. in April and adults emerged from galls under laboratory conditions immediately after field collection.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8299F29B15FB2FF543055A9BC73D6647" pageId="34" pageNumber="111" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="7FB81E4E648794038A239FE12FFE6DF7" pageId="34" pageNumber="111">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5E14A6918EA37BD616DB36AF7E36B8C9" pageId="34" pageNumber="111">China: Yunnan Province</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5975712F01AF0D212A2789BEC63874B6" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="34" pageNumber="111" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph id="55151580C7F8CCBD2AB94FE1AB1B1321" pageId="34" pageNumber="111">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D2497625D2D258A3DD71059DFD49C653" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="112" pageId="34" pageNumber="111">
|
||
The pairwise genetic distances from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19F77BB450CFDE22D71D322F539D8DA6" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Fagaceae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dryocosmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="111" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5EA3CC7E9218939FF415B647B188E36E" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="111">Dryocosmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, based upon 433 base pairs of the cytochrome
|
||
<emphasis id="F28F4856DA7FFD87EA071E623E2D15BB" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="111">b</emphasis>
|
||
gene (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="4D6D14BDEFB43E793E5DCFAE27078EC4" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Pairwise genetic distances between 17 Dryocosmus species, based upon 433 base pairs of the cytochrome b gene using a HKY correction. Values on the diagonal indicate variation levels among individuals of the same species; off-diagonal values indicate between-species distances." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/E763CE0CF7D26021F8E80A9A92D8B3D9" pageId="34" pageNumber="111" tableUuid="E763CE0CF7D26021F8E80A9A92D8B3D9">1</tableCitation>
|
||
) and some morphological characters (the very broad notaulus in the posterior half, large scutellar foveae, the
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="96D6E46E948D2A696601D8AB612B6F65" pageId="35" pageNumber="112" start="start">unique</pageBreakToken>
|
||
pattern of carinae on the central propodeal area, the uniformly orange-yellow body) make this species peculiar among all other Eastern Palaearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="848437FEDEAE6F11DAEA483C00892943" authorityName="Giraud" authorityYear="1859" class="Insecta" family="Fagaceae" genus="Dryocosmus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dryocosmus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="9E2D2A3EDBB25D6AE781A79DBB33A553" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="112">Dryocosmus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species which are associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="24498A353C2F1DED7982838A91A9FBBF" class="Hexapoda" family="Fagaceae" genus="Cyclobalanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclobalanopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="36C9B260464890F25EE1C49DDD2278D3" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="112">Cyclobalanopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="479579FC7230E11FAE6AC14D16F7C3FD" class="Hexapoda" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanopsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Castanopsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="112" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BA7B2EC794453E12B8F5FB54879ABDA" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="112">Castanopsis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |