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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cdc242c4-a2b0-4ca9-bcf2-271a213d67b1" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2747-8106-96-153" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AFA9059B36235BFF9BA3E9B7BE816DC1" ID-ZooBank="191199E07F3E4E09A3774ADFBF93A248" ModsDocID="2747-8106-96-153" checkinTime="1660292272395" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Fuersich, Franz T., Alberti, Matthias, Pandey, Dhirendra K. &amp; Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S." docDate="2022" docId="F341D060B682516393A60010D36EF304" docLanguage="en" docName="Zitteliana 96: 153-178" docOrigin="Zitteliana 96" docPubDate="2022-08-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zitteliana.96.87253" docTitle="Pruvostiella Agrawal 1956" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="AFA9059B36235BFF9BA3E9B7BE816DC1" lastPageNumber="153" masterDocId="AFA9059B36235BFF9BA3E9B7BE816DC1" masterDocTitle="Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India" masterLastPageNumber="178" masterPageNumber="153" pageNumber="153" updateTime="1732486082696" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="795897B04AF27DA0D8E1BB1422BBB602">Jurassic bivalves from the Spiti area of the Himalayas, northern India</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="70E6B6F72B58027F016500D9CC378D37">Fuersich, Franz T.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2CFAC42AA13F68AC72CE4179026482BC" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0844-9297</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="0CFC157DB4C8F79D2063373CD72974D3">Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, GeoZentrum Nordbayern, FG Palaeoumwelt, Lowenichstrasse 28, 91054 Erlangen, Germany</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="866E0D4D3F30604905B304BF6BF26406" type="email">franz.fuersich@fau.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="77914BCF044D154C9C5A5DD158DB335F">Alberti, Matthias</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6861948C68C5024AFD39C70A43F955AD">State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Research and Education on Biological Evolution and Environment and Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5276E1747B645923415045D78EEAB340">Pandey, Dhirendra K.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="79E668372B34063B74939F886E2F81B3" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7721-9604</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="B4CAFCAB9A3DB07CD26E2654838154BA">Department of Earth and Environmental Science, KSKV Kachchh University, Bhuj, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B47EB9F751583BBEBEF7ED5DBAD0A2C2">Ayoub-Hannaa, Wagih S.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="676074CCEC0D58C1032BC006B35FD0FF">Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Minufiya University, El-Minufiya, Shibin El Kom, Egypt</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:number id="B4561DC7FC95F9C492D86FECA9B68712">96</mods:number>
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<treatment id="F341D060B682516393A60010D36EF304" ID-GBIF-Taxon="198975763" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F341D060B682516393A60010D36EF304" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F341D060B682516393A60010D36EF304" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" scope_class="Bivalvia" scope_family="Astartidae" scope_order="Nuculida" scope_subClass="Protobranchia">
<subSubSection id="6EB6AD3653040D87E7C715C2AB68C82F" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D13A8F5AFEA70BF5CF98523780D1AE9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="5360831AA56A24C801AC9E4873067676" LSID="F341D060-B682-5163-93A6-0010D36EF304" authority="Agrawal, 1956 a" authorityName="Agrawal" authorityYear="1956" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Pruvostiella Agrawal, 1956a</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="632B7E5613D95976FCDCFB7704E85002" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="emended diagnosis">
<paragraph id="971EC3911B71D398CD32014C7DA1B8DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Emended diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="640487C4D56B469EE4FD7C033C739D5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Equivalve, inequilateral shell, generally longer than high, thick-shelled. Inner shell margin crenulated; umbonal area depressed and ornamented with spaced, well-developed, commarginal ribs asymmetric in cross-section; remaining shell smooth except for growth lines. Hinge with serrated teeth. Right valve with 2-3 cardinals and 1 anterior and 1 posterior lateral. Left valve with 2-3 cardinals and 1 anterior and 1 posterior lateral. Distinct pedal retractor muscle scar developed below the hinge line and close to the anterior adductor muscle scar. Inner shell margin crenulated.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="55698663F8038630E4EA06DC6942A836" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="7E80D98FFBFB660F9243CA16EEE5E588" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D5B9AFF120AAE9BBB036F3BB492DF80" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName id="09307F51A037F11400FB203530A737C7" authorityName="Agrawal" authorityYear="1956" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1829CBD9015DBBE3D44B64DEAB9CC2B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pruvostiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was erected by
<bibRefCitation id="5DF9D78AFC08E9042644B13C14DBE892" author="Agrawal, SK" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Centre d'Etudes et de Documentation Paleontologiques" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 188" refId="B1" refString="Agrawal, SK, 1956a. Contribution a l'etude stratigraphique et paleontologique du Jurassique du Kutch (Inde). Annales du Centre d'Etudes et de Documentation Paleontologiques 19: 1 - 188" title="Contribution a l'etude stratigraphique et paleontologique du Jurassique du Kutch (Inde)." volume="19" year="1956 a">Agrawal (1956a</bibRefCitation>
: 435) as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="9289EA56AA806410F2B80EEE24B836C5" authorityName="P. Fischer" authorityYear="1887" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Neocrassina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocrassina" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="650A4A536150C8FDCA17DAFDACD29E26" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Neocrassina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for specimens from the Oxfordian Dhosa Oolite of Kachchh, western India. The main diagnostic feature of his new subgenus is the umbonal region, which is distinctly depressed, with small beaks and ornamented with spaced, well-developed commarginal ribs, which are asymmetric in cross-section with a steeper slope dorsally. The ribs fade after 10-15 mm to be replaced by irregular growth lines.
<bibRefCitation id="55EEE04B39FCB573F4DF611E593CED1F" author="Agrawal, SK" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Centre d'Etudes et de Documentation Paleontologiques" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 188" refId="B1" refString="Agrawal, SK, 1956a. Contribution a l'etude stratigraphique et paleontologique du Jurassique du Kutch (Inde). Annales du Centre d'Etudes et de Documentation Paleontologiques 19: 1 - 188" title="Contribution a l'etude stratigraphique et paleontologique du Jurassique du Kutch (Inde)." volume="19" year="1956 a">Agrawal (1956a)</bibRefCitation>
included a number of astartids in
<taxonomicName id="1E6AFB8A8635DEB73CE8B84CAE862B4E" authorityName="Agrawal" authorityYear="1956" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="2058B0CC8214789986AA5E58A6652AC2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pruvostiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Table
<tableCitation id="89EF3C9933598AB41D7A478DF6ED588A" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Species included in the genus Pruvostiella (* previously included by Agrawal 1956 a)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/44367E7F6C9E555A7D87CB799485CB80" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" tableUuid="44367E7F6C9E555A7D87CB799485CB80">3</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="19212969715317F4EB362FEBD46D46D7" authorityName="Agrawal" authorityYear="1956" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E14570C7D5EDE37A1C95C19718BFA03F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pruvostiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is here elevated to generic rank.
</paragraph>
<caption id="44367E7F6C9E555A7D87CB799485CB80" ID-Table-UUID="44367E7F6C9E555A7D87CB799485CB80" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/44367E7F6C9E555A7D87CB799485CB80" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Table 3" startId="T3">
<paragraph id="EDDCAB9858332F59F40B22393985D3C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<emphasis id="763F3AE06EB8A42727455C5C127493E8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Table 3.</emphasis>
Species included in the genus
<taxonomicName id="2D37C8C02C029A542767C704F7D755A0" authorityName="Agrawal" authorityYear="1956" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D09DE19C347B3269A967F73DE9934640" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pruvostiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(* previously included by
<bibRefCitation id="D99222558565303BBEC238DB0BB388CF" author="Agrawal, SK" journalOrPublisher="Annales du Centre d'Etudes et de Documentation Paleontologiques" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 188" refId="B1" refString="Agrawal, SK, 1956a. Contribution a l'etude stratigraphique et paleontologique du Jurassique du Kutch (Inde). Annales du Centre d'Etudes et de Documentation Paleontologiques 19: 1 - 188" title="Contribution a l'etude stratigraphique et paleontologique du Jurassique du Kutch (Inde)." volume="19" year="1956 a">Agrawal 1956a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="191D067E82269E058044802B849C3BFF" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<th id="D7A074228B053CF30EF8133CA2CF0D0D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
Species included in the genus
<taxonomicName id="4CA13F862D9B986E4F17CB8B47341C23" authorityName="Agrawal" authorityYear="1956" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DC0C7F51CEDCA792EEA39D6A677E3183" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pruvostiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="5D47DF631205EFAABD73185841E27C4F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">occurrence</th>
<th id="72AC1C2EE49EB5033EB3463238A29624" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">age</th>
</tr>
<tr id="34DD323CDB07B876B3BAAEDCF28BF73B" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<td id="D9FA44A311D02A5CAA8B83814C9C5BCD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
*
<taxonomicName id="EAEB92308B43F35B361078C95DE539F8" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte unilateralis" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="unilateralis">
<emphasis id="DD667F4126F6CF49DED354BD0CC06DD9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte unilateralis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J. de C. Sowerby, 1840a: 327, pl. 21, fig. 14
</td>
<td id="06B63324F00FC5F56BB5EBEAFB2D6AE9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Kachchh</td>
<td id="E81AB58C8395937458814A78EA919B2D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Callovian-Oxfordian</td>
</tr>
<tr id="9666F80A84D1A524E4A7CA740AAE923B" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<td id="750231CF8DFB9675B7A0F1C22CD8DEBF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
*
<taxonomicName id="ECD7A30C9F4DB322FB195CB24776F018" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte major" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="1D8A962F5C6B5C2E4D831D856A66AADF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J. de C. Sowerby, 1840b: 718 pl. 61, fig. 1
</td>
<td id="16FC7F823F923B2DBACC404B2EC42137" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Kachchh</td>
<td id="EA7C3F920AD710CE18C78B4216D53A73" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Kimmeridgian-Tithonian</td>
</tr>
<tr id="499BB8A204C6550391C09EDB0F204470" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<td id="8D6A4A184057577FBFFB0CD53FA22C95" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
*
<taxonomicName id="719744A7A0119415D7EEF775B13B7F93" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte hermanni" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni">
<emphasis id="35236F8955F6E43C249179F51E5C1086" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte hermanni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Oppel, 1863: 273, 297
</td>
<td id="A4446A44B2761D12349AB42394A5A26E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Himalayas</td>
<td id="03535A00C2112B5C40F3F03EBB63A5A6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Oxfordian</td>
</tr>
<tr id="0ECAFE401EFBCF749608B09753792266" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<td id="73E69E592323FB1F725F0F9123083FAE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
*
<taxonomicName id="03F5BC0F41E37E6AA5CC3768551F75EC" authorityName="Holdhaus" authorityYear="1913" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte scytalis" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="scytalis">
<emphasis id="9904BE9314E1912A5CC64E476F1604A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte scytalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Holdhaus, 1913: 444, pl. 100, figs 2-3
</td>
<td id="6F993A7CA976281E77610C9102CA8AD1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Himalayas</td>
<td id="CE45EF86CC4EF6073A9A23B9613043EF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Oxfordian</td>
</tr>
<tr id="C0AED4B7A86C2B61B9753FFBBC5B3783" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<td id="5CE024B1A00B8E6A8047E6C0C5298FB2" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
*
<taxonomicName id="680201E5609598925F3520236631B9BD" authorityName="Stoliczka" authorityYear="1866" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte spitiensis" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spitiensis">
<emphasis id="4BFD4C79B1699104F86EC3D38B2355B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte spitiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Stoliczka, 1866: 91, pl. 9, fig. 1.
</td>
<td id="BB2091C1946482C4300342719167FEEF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Himalayas</td>
<td id="575AD70250393B9C19BD07E788734928" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Oxfordian</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3AAC52B3773C5A7DBB2A266473B3C54D" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<td id="CEB229BB486B9128B026765E6078F8CC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="1951039647B98A834233DFC31CE2C1F6" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte hiemalis" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hiemalis">
<emphasis id="D519518EDB0631731D93F64ACD6BCA27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte hiemalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Stoliczka: 91, pl. 9, figs 2-3.
</td>
<td id="605A6570926A78AF5444CF9CFF2BDAE5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Himalayas</td>
<td id="B940B4C3E058620ADF026C1B54E68D23" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Oxfordian</td>
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<tr id="7F1962F792F234839BBDF37ADCF7C2A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<td id="4FEE01D4CD8C29102FA61EDCB7FAE2ED" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
*
<taxonomicName id="093A24A03ADD00F4329A242583440D19" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte muelleri" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="muelleri">
<emphasis id="75E00E8C98A33AF7703FE0F94172EF9D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte muelleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="7C262C1703EE7FCF9CBFFFB6AF5536B6" originalValue="Daqué">Daque</normalizedToken>
, 1910: 31, pl. 4, fig. 5
</td>
<td id="266637EF524576069D053C24557C219F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">East Africa</td>
<td id="FB891BC423538D9FF9F902107A05A2E8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">?Callovian-?Kimmeridgian</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1D72CD9AA4BCC27B27714A70C9689B10" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<td id="5599FA5638E6950C25EC825D9385A909" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
*
<taxonomicName id="9D19FFCE3DCE709C5C45B02E814FD881" authorityName="Basse" authorityYear="1930" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte stefanini" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="stefanini">
<emphasis id="A096A5D348E28C2BACBD8C0867962A1C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte stefanini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Basse, 1930: 110, pl. 5, fig. 9
</td>
<td id="583D91EC328C42A6408AEB97CCBFAC14" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Ethiopia</td>
<td id="30ECEEF2BC2D044B0B599320674F2FF1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Kimmeridgian</td>
</tr>
<tr id="D8A3814FA7B0C9F2C07D7F45EC522DE6" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<td id="716D8ADB645EE07585D289F87C02405E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="EC8E687E1CD91974155931012917179B" authorityName="Dietrich" authorityYear="1933" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte krenkeli" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="krenkeli">
<emphasis id="AE7B34ADE25AF50081D979BC394E035B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte krenkeli</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dietrich, 1933: 40, pl. 4, figs 62, 64, 66
</td>
<td id="9AF6BB9AA1E97D67ECB62A3FF0901889" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">East Africa</td>
<td id="D58302697289D0E0E742758BB4848371" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Tithonian</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8D441C9DD9089840694574048F490DA2" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<td id="C016C67DB28AD658202EAAF7B7AD1FAA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
*
<taxonomicName id="3FBEABDBB50649F5008153484319AB2C" authorityName="J. Sowerby" authorityYear="1816" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D60C2C8973DB5204AB1E53B26D6CB9FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. A Nicolai, 1950-1951: 45, pl. 4, fig. 11
</td>
<td id="8C025D840E19D7236B2988B3CE6E44ED" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Madagascar</td>
<td id="0404B5F4BF5E575A014D7A5E0406F9D1" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Late Oxfordian</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6D0DFCB49AE8A650D77D41B4CDE76D8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<td id="57D9B723E8660DC80EA0B601866DFF1D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="6142EC3EE4A9E79D4B17D826FC5D10D4" authorityName="J. Sowerby" authorityYear="1816" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="97770D1406EB34B2F60A6C1686526674" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. B Nicolai, 1950-1951: 45, pl. 5, fig. 1
</td>
<td id="EE9B29D0B851AC896ED7A4DBF1C8694C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Madagascar</td>
<td id="2F3992BA90D273A6B47ABB0DF2B5CF81" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Late Oxfordian</td>
</tr>
<tr id="6F7673FF3A838F0A0A332177A5F2468A" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<td id="612C780DBEEA02EF1DB9C760E07E56A0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
*
<taxonomicName id="74E5FC78FE331FB1CAEC2AC79D924447" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte freneixae" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freneixae">
<emphasis id="FB10EAD86810E9331212DB1D64AAB8CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte freneixae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Agrawal, 1956a: 436, pl. 21, figs 5-6
</td>
<td id="E0CA3BDC0C42573005EDE2A6AA51780C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Kachchh</td>
<td id="E1E8D5CD294FA8BB0EB37359C2E956AA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Oxfordian</td>
</tr>
<tr id="1636540273C6ABBA79ACF582B5210861" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<td id="1FA9639D858B93B3B5CF42F70650967C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="86071D497D3552B614131F04EFF1E1FE" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Seebachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seebachia (Eoseebachia) elongata" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata" subGenus="Eoseebachia">Seebachia (Eoseebachia) elongata</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="E41EB3F66B372623A46E2F8B7E336331" originalValue="Fürsich">Fuersich</normalizedToken>
, Heinze &amp; Jaitly, 2000: 96, pl. 6, fig. 25, pl. 8, figs 2-7, pl. 9, fig. 2, pl. 10, fig. 1, text-figs 16-18
</td>
<td id="74632627B3EF66A0FC1A17E1AFD68B91" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Kachchh</td>
<td id="074C21ECBF7D47F47F46FEEA3A5E5F91" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Kimmeridgian-Tithonian</td>
</tr>
<tr id="644DD8D1DCAB78A7A29B6A3774974B51" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<td id="78AEA4BCDB67D7725800D2C7B2A60BA8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName id="3A8608DCD029A74DFE49406DD5835226" baseAuthorityName="Holdhaus" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Seebachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seebachia (Eoseebachia) sowerbyana" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sowerbyana" subGenus="Eoseebachia">Seebachia (Eoseebachia) sowerbyana</taxonomicName>
(J. de C. Sowerby, 1840) -
<bibRefCitation id="8EDC44FB475682733775BBC39AD50F11" author="Fuersich, FT" journalOrPublisher="Beringeria" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" pagination="63 - 146" refId="B30" refString="Fuersich, FT, Heinze, M, Jaitly, AK, 2000. Contributions to the Jurassic of Kachchh, western India. VIII. The bivalve fauna. Part IV. Subclass Heterodonta. Beringeria 27: 63 - 146" title="Contributions to the Jurassic of Kachchh, western India. VIII. The bivalve fauna. Part IV. Subclass Heterodonta." volume="27" year="2000">
<normalizedToken id="797DC1E488A421C4E56D0F126C4EA0B1" originalValue="Fürsich">Fuersich</normalizedToken>
et al. 2000
</bibRefCitation>
: 92, pl. 6, fig. 24, pl. 7, figs 1-5, pl. 8, fig. 1, pl. 10, fig. 5, text-figs14-16
</td>
<td id="15B5C364D91AA130D3BCA6EA58D8F988" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Kachchh</td>
<td id="0F1EA302980EC047F2C7DE47EFD64CE0" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rowspan="1">Kimmeridgian-Tithonian</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3D0BF8335AF80224BB352C3D5E4DF29E" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<bibRefCitation id="B342860CBCA583FF4DCA9E5A9E27900F" author="Fuersich, FT" journalOrPublisher="Beringeria" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" pagination="63 - 146" refId="B30" refString="Fuersich, FT, Heinze, M, Jaitly, AK, 2000. Contributions to the Jurassic of Kachchh, western India. VIII. The bivalve fauna. Part IV. Subclass Heterodonta. Beringeria 27: 63 - 146" title="Contributions to the Jurassic of Kachchh, western India. VIII. The bivalve fauna. Part IV. Subclass Heterodonta." volume="27" year="2000">
<normalizedToken id="64D7E091659F4D3366833E947A4B0019" originalValue="Fürsich">Fuersich</normalizedToken>
et al. (2000
</bibRefCitation>
: 92; 2019, p. 174) created
<taxonomicName id="C1F41D7A1870F46EF3FF269D12E54EBB" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Eoseebachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eoseebachia" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F1EF56174B4B077E4B2BC167C7C0ABF1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Eoseebachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a subgenus of
<taxonomicName id="64C9A8E3B1F055E413F6D5947ED08543" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Seebachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seebachia" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="99BA2F5801FE8FEBEEA52C6AB17354C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Seebachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Holub &amp; Neumayr, 1881 and accommodated
<taxonomicName id="4A1C94AEC20A111B9D5E9559E2729122" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte major" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="1C741378F4D620211741912E73D2FD0F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J. de C. Sowerby, 1840 and their new species
<taxonomicName id="08CA603453319D355320AC223BC0F50D" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Seebachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seebachia elongata" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata">
<emphasis id="F149C09CACB68F3F16C551F46BC3EC12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Seebachia elongata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in this subgenus. Although these species are related to
<taxonomicName id="BE61A52B339F8D7B6FBA1CC2BEFFB8A8" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Seebachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seebachia" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C3C105F2D7F87964E71B050F7BC6A921" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Seebachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, they are clearly more closely related to
<taxonomicName id="3E7B6DE9C4D577A8E07E866BF75F16C3" authorityName="Agrawal" authorityYear="1956" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7D9BC22BBB1173825F73BB4019E06D1D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pruvostiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as the former genus is strongly elongated, wedge-shaped and has a distinct posterior umbonal ridge.
<taxonomicName id="717918C79EFBB08F72C0048233ADF81B" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Eoseebachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eoseebachia" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1FA8CE067038A2CF0873B4B93011F756" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Eoseebachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is, therefore, moved from
<taxonomicName id="01A4777F712C5490A6D337ABA52B46EB" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Seebachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seebachia" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="1B0B21C628D019C039C8A3FA88B61703" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Seebachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="FBBEAC9B9AC8FFFD8D6806488EBA01F7" authorityName="Agrawal" authorityYear="1956" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5125966137266BB942D526111CD36205" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pruvostiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B0CA5C8C45955D0B9CD144E6F5AB03B" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
Gardner and Campbell (2002, p. 328) regarded
<taxonomicName id="DCFF37D8AD72C396ACDE2FB0C109E8F7" authorityName="Agrawal" authorityYear="1956" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="849F774A9F383B496B6CEF27E4C8A88A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pruvostiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="975387B86AA34EB6D67FD56CF54DFCDD" authorityName="P. Fischer" authorityYear="1887" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Neocrassina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neocrassina" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5EE49E58089DC4EC2A1DAEBA63123121" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Neocrassina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fischer, 1886, a view not followed here. The depressed, flattened umbo, the corresponding distinct break in the growth spiral of the shell, and the distinctly serrated cardinal teeth are consistent features of many large astartids from the Ethiopian faunal province (Table
<tableCitation id="ED2485B06B46B524E02ECB36514A6ADD" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Species included in the genus Pruvostiella (* previously included by Agrawal 1956 a)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/44367E7F6C9E555A7D87CB799485CB80" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" tableUuid="44367E7F6C9E555A7D87CB799485CB80">3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2373ED94B746782D56D1D165943937A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
<taxonomicName id="79D6C1E0C35A5B47B9E093BBFB4287B6" authority="(Pruvostiella)" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella (Pruvostiella)" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pruvostiella">Pruvostiella (Pruvostiella)</taxonomicName>
appears to be restricted to the Callovian-Oxfordian time interval of the Ethiopian Faunal Province (Madagascar, East Africa, India) and possibly occurs also in the Kimmeridgian of New Zealand (Trechman 1923;
<bibRefCitation id="A07626C8FA2F7D60ADE9689A8E9C166F" author="Marwick, J" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 141" refId="B58" refString="Marwick, J, 1953. Divisions and faunas of theHokonui system (Triassic and Jurassic). New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin 21: 1 - 141" title="Divisions and faunas of theHokonui system (Triassic and Jurassic)." volume="21" year="1953">Marwick 1953</bibRefCitation>
), whereas
<taxonomicName id="5E1355F2698572E7973ACD048ADCEC20" authority="" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella (Eoseebachia)" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eoseebachia">Pruvostiella (Eoseebachia)</taxonomicName>
occurs from the Late Oxfordian to the Late Tithonian (and probably earliest Cretaceous) in the same area (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation id="DB7BB5ACE7E439B22010729D99E9D570" author="Dietrich, WO" journalOrPublisher="Denkschriften der kayserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" refId="B27" refString="Dietrich, WO, 1933. Zur Stratigraphie und Palaeontologie der Tendaguru-Schichten. Palaeontographica, Supplement 7, Reihe 2: 1-86." title="Zur Stratigraphie und Palaeontologie der Tendaguru-Schichten. Palaeontographica, Supplement 7, Reihe 2: 1 - 86." year="1933">Dietrich 1933</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EABCFD9D4147ABC0F49CCE7787838EB0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/p.310409" author="Cox, LR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology, Supplement" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 213" refId="B18" refString="Cox, LR, 1965. Jurassic Bivalvia and Gastropoda from Tanganjika and Kenya. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology, Supplement 1: 1 - 213, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/p.310409" title="Jurassic Bivalvia and Gastropoda from Tanganjika and Kenya." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/p.310409" volume="1" year="1965">Cox 1965</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="E429487CEA3D2D732573345D79380EB0" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Eoseebachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eoseebachia" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="637A2CBA3BD04B4FFF33C14ADB7E73FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Eoseebachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4CC568DD9A6A464314B3A64D0E40D37A" authorityName="Agrawal" authorityYear="1956" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="0FB9DCA1E9819CD3C60FAEA824B501BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pruvostiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s.s. by being up to three times larger, generally more elongated and by having a lunule with a lower length-width ratio.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B90FB21ED967DA689E733685FE414D00" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
J. de C. Sowerby (J. de C. Sowerby, 1840, pl. 61, fig. 1) erected
<taxonomicName id="33AAC8F15572CAF88B934245B5757DA5" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte major" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="FB9F6E53DB8E2F94082449C0FFE716A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the large astartids from the Upper Jurassic of Kachchh.
<bibRefCitation id="B21D0029940C46820B8A9AA5D36A13FA" author="Blanford, HP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" pagination="124 - 138" refId="B8" refString="Blanford, HP, 1864. On Dr. Gerard's collection of fossils from the Spiti Valley, in the Asiatic Society's Museum. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 32: 124 - 138" title="On Dr. Gerard's collection of fossils from the Spiti Valley, in the Asiatic Society's Museum." volume="32" year="1864">Blanford (1864)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E9338291E6F3389E40C77F8A1AB6539E" author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" pagination="1 - 154" refId="B85" refString="Stoliczka, F, 1866. Geological sections across the Himalayan Mountains from Wangtu Bridge on the River Sutlej to Sungdo on the Indus, with an account of the formations in Spiti, accompanied by a revision of all known fossils from that district. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India 5: 1 - 154" title="Geological sections across the Himalayan Mountains from Wangtu Bridge on the River Sutlej to Sungdo on the Indus, with an account of the formations in Spiti, accompanied by a revision of all known fossils from that district." volume="5" year="1866">Stoliczka (1866)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="71AA849243AA680940CA0DCFCF41DEE9" author="Holdhaus, K" journalOrPublisher="Alcheringia" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" refId="B42" refString="Holdhaus, K, 1913. Fauna of the Spiti Shales (Lamellibranchiata and Gastropoda). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica Series 15, 5, Part 2, Fasc. No.4: 397-456." title="Fauna of the Spiti Shales (Lamellibranchiata and Gastropoda). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica Series 15, 5, Part 2, Fasc. No. 4: 397 - 456." year="1913">Holdhaus (1913)</bibRefCitation>
regarded moderately-sized astartids from the Himalayas also as
<taxonomicName id="C3713944449AB8C5F1A1F122424B90C0" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte major" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="DD737EBAC25E738F47BFB0A829930D47" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
J. de C. Sowerby, 1840. Whereas
<bibRefCitation id="FB3E5231801915DA2CD56E1CE52CED13" author="Blanford, HP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" pagination="124 - 138" refId="B8" refString="Blanford, HP, 1864. On Dr. Gerard's collection of fossils from the Spiti Valley, in the Asiatic Society's Museum. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 32: 124 - 138" title="On Dr. Gerard's collection of fossils from the Spiti Valley, in the Asiatic Society's Museum." volume="32" year="1864">Blanford (1864</bibRefCitation>
, p. 135,
<normalizedToken id="45663CAC16EE55424AA6E0251D986D65" originalValue="…”">...&quot;</normalizedToken>
undoubtedly identical&quot;) was quite confident, Holdhaus only tentatively regarded the large astartids from Spiti to belong to
<normalizedToken id="D81A673445B4B602ADE52592B2725289" originalValue="Sowerby’s">Sowerby's</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName id="C1D5379153C8B883402FC5A0EDEAC926" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte major" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="A4DA2EFA8E9A22C0DA0585103D3574AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Kachchh.
<bibRefCitation id="2A098660C6F60BB64128E68780519D56" author="Holdhaus, K" journalOrPublisher="Alcheringia" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" refId="B42" refString="Holdhaus, K, 1913. Fauna of the Spiti Shales (Lamellibranchiata and Gastropoda). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica Series 15, 5, Part 2, Fasc. No.4: 397-456." title="Fauna of the Spiti Shales (Lamellibranchiata and Gastropoda). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica Series 15, 5, Part 2, Fasc. No. 4: 397 - 456." year="1913">Holdhaus (1913)</bibRefCitation>
erroneously regarded that
<normalizedToken id="7B4ADDEFC492BE9DF84D87D62AEBD72A" originalValue="Sowerby’s">Sowerby's</normalizedToken>
name was preoccupied by
<taxonomicName id="6769F89A2A89C847C8A9970150D26864" authorityName="Zieten" authorityYear="1833" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte elegans subsp. major" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subSpecies" species="elegans" subSpecies="major">
<emphasis id="23A2BD385D7B88B2A4F889A6EDA65A10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte elegans major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Zieten (1833: 82, pl. 62, fig. 1). Therefore,
<bibRefCitation id="5D58B41D2752518ACC099713D10A18C2" author="Holdhaus, K" journalOrPublisher="Alcheringia" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" refId="B42" refString="Holdhaus, K, 1913. Fauna of the Spiti Shales (Lamellibranchiata and Gastropoda). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica Series 15, 5, Part 2, Fasc. No.4: 397-456." title="Fauna of the Spiti Shales (Lamellibranchiata and Gastropoda). Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica Series 15, 5, Part 2, Fasc. No. 4: 397 - 456." year="1913">Holdhaus (1913</bibRefCitation>
, p. 443) erected the replacement name
<taxonomicName id="065FE1892D89426BDBF4B7806B99633A" baseAuthorityName="Holdhaus" baseAuthorityYear="1913" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Astarte" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astarte sowerbyana" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sowerbyana">
<emphasis id="AE101622570555C9B00E4E39245058FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Astarte sowerbyana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for the forms from the Himalayas and Kachchh. It is clear that the Kachchh species differs from the Spiti material. The specimens from the Spiti Shale are placed herein in
<taxonomicName id="822A0884565366DF70CD2C3B9EB6E996" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. (Pruvostiella) hermanni" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni" subGenus="Pruvostiella">P. (Pruvostiella) hermanni</taxonomicName>
(Oppel, 1863). The large astartid from Kachchh represents
<normalizedToken id="6404566B26D38E3A2D1351B5623C287F" originalValue="Sowerby’s">Sowerby's</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName id="7CD3DBCDEBDA6FCAFEA9D280A20926EF" lsidName="A. major" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="CDE3E2B612BF24BD874078E65F034555" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and the species is assigned to
<taxonomicName id="C7B25E003BF9EEE0948476A201745696" authority="" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella (Eoseebachia)" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Eoseebachia">Pruvostiella (Eoseebachia)</taxonomicName>
, because it is much closer to
<taxonomicName id="08373588E67C2E5DEE38C2CDBFC05AAB" authorityName="Agrawal" authorityYear="1956" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="DBEFB4CF70920CF3C47C87B7101B7629" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pruvostiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to
<taxonomicName id="8DD97EEC847B50839EDD338D732BA692" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Seebachia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seebachia" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E752D8ECDB02FEDBCA87523ACF1312D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Seebachia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(see above). Thus, in the Kachchh Basin four species of
<taxonomicName id="19F2CA1D87BB88A369FE062B49CF7C1F" authorityName="Agrawal" authorityYear="1956" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" genus="Pruvostiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pruvostiella" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="EF4F220F47ABFD837115CA2F52A56849" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Pruvostiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occur:
<taxonomicName id="74E08C0DAD3982C724DEAF21E2FBE675" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. (Eoseebachia) major" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="major" subGenus="Eoseebachia">P. (Eoseebachia) major</taxonomicName>
(J. de C. Sowerby, 1840),
<taxonomicName id="6FD7F355CFE784FE107A69023B75BB8C" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. (Eoseebachia) elongata" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="elongata" subGenus="Eoseebachia">P. (Eoseebachia) elongata</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken id="A47B1642261E849F728A91C525766F40" originalValue="Fürsich">Fuersich</normalizedToken>
, Heinze &amp; Jaitly, 2000,
<taxonomicName id="EC8D6304F6C8AED5F57B2593E9243D33" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. (Pruvostiella) unilateralis" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="unilateralis" subGenus="Pruvostiella">P. (Pruvostiella) unilateralis</taxonomicName>
(J. de C. Sowerby, 1840), and
<taxonomicName id="F9629AFA75E20B9B3BD8E3AA9CA7D854" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. (Pruvostiella) freneixae" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="freneixae" subGenus="Pruvostiella">P. (Pruvostiella) freneixae</taxonomicName>
Agrawal, 1956a. In the Himalayas, in contrast, the species group is represented by
<taxonomicName id="DF09EFB268103756AEF57F8C9AE5A9B2" class="Bivalvia" family="Astartidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. (Pruvostiella) hermanni" order="Carditida" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hermanni" subGenus="Pruvostiella">P. (Pruvostiella) hermanni</taxonomicName>
(Oppel, 1863).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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