plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/F2/67/34/F267345F7F6FAA650B9BEFF2FAB588B4.xml
maintenance f4ad824f6e added F2
2024-06-21 12:57:31 +02:00

258 lines
34 KiB
XML
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="EE46E1ECA742890AC755722243A04F7B" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-ZooBank="CF5225C7-A702-4787-9E95-4710D1E2E20C" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629811035750" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Burks, R. A." docDate="2012" docId="F267345F7F6FAA650B9BEFF2FAB588B4" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03487p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3487" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Syntomopus crassicornis Burks 2012, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="37" masterDocId="0E5E4C277F62AA680B0CED34FF928F77" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic studies on some little known genera of Palearctic Eulophidae and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="24" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1699115571157" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="1CAF040BB43D90A254014D2021DFE1FA" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="CA457D8C95D14067F64FA0B61E9FA5D5">
<mods:title id="64A7DDD348B9F30C8760AD4944A33947">Taxonomic studies on some little known genera of Palearctic Eulophidae and Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8678B4D88EA4B59E481A96604FD01DF7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="22A639C24772E483A069C43D733A47CC">
<mods:roleTerm id="6D07B4E515B0DA62A2D550A62A1A627E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E1265F30E516C7C0B7E00EDEFE403FD7">Burks, R. A.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="5736E7342B30125217C7E14643A66CDD">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="4E8BD266E383AB7324AC39464631C049" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="740E7F3F59CEA5394A32D0504BC6D115">
<mods:title id="F285A358CE3AEE04C30FE3361A3FA7F0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="49B6BEA9E09F8297882E7B2365EDAAF3">
<mods:date id="40A5238579259715B85199E4AAAEB6E4">2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="0687E10995F42F64FA64715876BE95D2" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="BD2713FBFEB25FD6B7DB28351BD386EF">2012-09-18</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="76CEE0696000F7228FD2107F102D57E0" type="volume">
<mods:number id="28F39C7FBA41A3080ED39E50069CA3F2">3487</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="34448359604FB9278A71DFD3E9B529E7" unit="page">
<mods:start id="E9CC9CD9FBEBADDAFB1AB19E73B0CD4F">24</mods:start>
<mods:end id="E43E65B32F15EB39D1D76CC111A4C49A">40</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="23BA294672922A7B12CF562D1E25A95C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="9989ECF6C34BAA6270D1A96244759C6A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="38A1430989529D71C138B2720AC573D5" type="ZooBank">CF5225C7-A702-4787-9E95-4710D1E2E20C</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="F267345F7F6FAA650B9BEFF2FAB588B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5278864" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5278864" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F267345F7F6FAA650B9BEFF2FAB588B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F267345F7F6FAA650B9BEFF2FAB588B4" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">
<subSubSection id="32D4D6C27F6FAA650B9BEFF2FC5B8C76" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="7A7185497F6FAA650B9BEFF2FD408D97" blockId="13.[151,969,710,805]" box="[151,722,710,736]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">
<heading id="213932257F6FAA650B9BEFF2FD408D97" bold="true" box="[151,722,710,736]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" reason="1">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650B9BEFF2FD408D97" bold="true" box="[151,722,710,736]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650B9BEFF2FDD68D97" authority="(Szelenyi)" authorityName="Burks" authorityYear="2012" baseAuthorityName="Szelenyi" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[151,580,710,736]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Syntomopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornis" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650B9BEFF2FE518D97" bold="true" box="[151,451,710,736]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Syntomopus crassicornis</emphasis>
(Szelényi)
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5389E4207F6FAA650940EFF2FD408D97" box="[588,722,710,736]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" rank="species">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7185497F6FAA650B9BEFDDFC5B8C76" blockId="13.[151,969,710,805]" box="[151,969,745,769]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">
<uri id="0E5F894B7F6FAA650B9BEFDDFC5B8C76" box="[151,969,745,769]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
<uuid id="0E68BF9C7F6FAA650AA6EFDDFC5B8C76" box="[426,969,745,769]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">727EE7C8-10B4-495F-AE2E-D81C6563DFA1</uuid>
</uri>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="32D4D6C27F6FAA650B9BEE39FEB58C52" box="[151,295,781,805]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" type="description">
<paragraph id="7A7185497F6FAA650B9BEE39FEB58C52" blockId="13.[151,969,710,805]" box="[151,295,781,805]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">
(
<figureCitation id="E2F599CC7F6FAA650B93EE39FE8D8C52" box="[159,287,781,805]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-139@14.[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Syntomopus crassicornis ♀ holotype: 43, Head and antenna, lateral view; 44, Head, anterior view; 45, Mesosoma and petiole, dorsal view; 46, Mesosoma, lateral view, PPB = prepectal bulge; 47, Fore wing, dorsal view; 48, Metasoma, dorsal view." pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Figs 43–48</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="32D4D6C27F6FAA650B9BEE61FDCE8C1C" box="[151,604,853,875]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="7A7185497F6FAA650B9BEE61FDCE8C1C" blockId="13.[151,604,853,875]" box="[151,604,853,875]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="5ADEA2677F6FAA650B9BEE61FDCE8C1C" box="[151,604,853,875]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">
<treatmentCitation id="FB6FA3587F6FAA650B9BEE61FDCA8C1C" author="Szelenyi, G." box="[151,600,853,875]" page="325" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" year="1970">
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650B9BEE61FDCA8C1C" authority="Szelenyi, 1970: 325" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityPageNumber="325" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,600,853,875]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Dudichilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650B9BEE61FE178C1C" box="[151,389,853,875]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Dudichilla crassicornis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="1E5FF8B87F6FAA650A80EE61FDCA8C1C" author="Szelenyi, G." box="[396,600,853,875]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" pagination="325 - 327" refId="ref9242" refString="Szelenyi, G. (1970) Dudichilla crassicornis gen. et sp. n., a new pteromalid genus and species from the Hungarian fauna (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest, 10 (2), 325 - 327. http: // opuscula. elte. hu / PDF / Opuscula 10 _ 2 _ 1970 / Szelenyi, % 20 G _ 10 _ 2 _ 11. pdf" type="journal article" year="1970">Szelényi, 1970: 325</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="32D4D6C27F6FAA650B9BEEA3FE808CA3" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="7A7185497F6FAA650B9BEEA3FE808CA3" blockId="13.[151,1437,919,1988]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650B9BEEA3FE1B8CC7" bold="true" box="[151,393,919,944]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" reason="1">Material examined (</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="CAA68F147F6FAA650A85EEA3FE808CA3" collectingDate="1961-04-12" collectionCode="HNHM" collectorName="Szelenyi" location="Budapest" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Budapest" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650A85EEA3FE678CC7" bold="true" box="[393,501,919,944]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" reason="1">
<collectionCode id="1CDF1D8C7F6FAA650A85EEA3FE7A8CC7" box="[393,488,919,944]" country="Hungary" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34991" name="Hungarian Natural History Museum (Termeszettudomanyi Muzeum)" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">HNHM</collectionCode>
).
</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="A5753BEB7F6FAA650AF0EEA3FDF68CD8" box="[508,612,919,943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="6CC84EC07F6FAA650979EEACFD188CD8" box="[629,650,920,943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
): “Csobánka.
<date id="0E70A3897F6FAA650821EEA3FC348CD8" box="[813,934,919,943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" value="1961-04-12">
<collectingDate id="1E345A617F6FAA650821EEA3FC348CD8" box="[813,934,919,943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" value="1961-04-12">12.iv.1961</collectingDate>
</date>
. leg.
<collectorName id="D73BE09F7F6FAA6508EEEEA3FBD68CD8" box="[994,1092,919,943]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Szelényi</collectorName>
” / “Hym. Typ. No. 2522 Mus.
<collectingRegion id="B80A4BAB7F6FAA650B9BEE88FE978CA3" box="[151,261,956,980]" country="Hungary" name="Budapest" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Budapest</collectingRegion>
.”
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="32D4D6C27F6FAA650BCBEED4FAB588B4" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="7A7185497F6FAA650BCBEED4FBEF8A4B" blockId="13.[151,1437,919,1988]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650BCBEED4FEA98C80" box="[199,315,992,1016]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" reason="1">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650BCBEED4FEA68C8F" bold="true" box="[199,308,992,1016]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Remarks</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650A48EED4FE2E8C8F" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityYear="1970" box="[324,444,992,1016]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Dudichilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650A48EED4FE2E8C8F" box="[324,444,992,1016]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Dudichilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was described to accommodate a single unusual species of
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650F78EEEBFA9A8C80" baseAuthorityName="Noyes" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[1140,1288,991,1015]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
with a short antenna and acuminate club (
<figureCitation id="E2F599CC7F6FAA650AD2E930FDBD8B6B" box="[478,559,1028,1052]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-139@14.[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Syntomopus crassicornis ♀ holotype: 43, Head and antenna, lateral view; 44, Head, anterior view; 45, Mesosoma and petiole, dorsal view; 46, Mesosoma, lateral view, PPB = prepectal bulge; 47, Fore wing, dorsal view; 48, Metasoma, dorsal view." pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
) that bears no close resemblance to other pteromalids having such a club. The presence of anterior petiolar branches (
<figureCitation id="E2F599CC7F6FAA650958E913FD358B48" box="[596,679,1063,1087]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-139@14.[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Syntomopus crassicornis ♀ holotype: 43, Head and antenna, lateral view; 44, Head, anterior view; 45, Mesosoma and petiole, dorsal view; 46, Mesosoma, lateral view, PPB = prepectal bulge; 47, Fore wing, dorsal view; 48, Metasoma, dorsal view." pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
) suggests that
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA65085FE91CFC598B37" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityYear="1970" box="[851,971,1064,1088]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Dudichilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA65085FE91CFC598B37" box="[851,971,1064,1088]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Dudichilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs in Sphegigastrini. The posterior margin of the first gastral tergite is incised medially and sinuate laterally, as figured by
<bibRefCitation id="1E5FF8B87F6FAA650F6DE978FA918B13" author="Boucek, Z." box="[1121,1283,1100,1124]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" pagination="85198 - 607" refId="ref6929" refString="Boucek, Z. (1988) Australasian Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). A biosystematic revision of genera of fourteen families, with a reclassification of species. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, 832 pp. urn: isbn: 978 - 0 - 85198 - 607 - 4" type="book chapter" year="1988">Bouček (1988</bibRefCitation>
: Fig. 852; not visible in
<figureCitation id="E2F599CC7F6FAA650A00E95BFEF08BF0" box="[268,354,1135,1159]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-139@14.[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Syntomopus crassicornis ♀ holotype: 43, Head and antenna, lateral view; 44, Head, anterior view; 45, Mesosoma and petiole, dorsal view; 46, Mesosoma, lateral view, PPB = prepectal bulge; 47, Fore wing, dorsal view; 48, Metasoma, dorsal view." pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
), which is a defining feature of the
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650807E944FC088BFF" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1811" box="[779,922,1136,1160]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Halticoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650807E944FC088BFF" box="[779,922,1136,1160]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Halticoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group of genera (
<bibRefCitation id="1E5FF8B87F6FAA650F62E95BFA9F8BF0" author="Heydon, S. L." box="[1134,1293,1135,1159]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" refId="ref8383" refString="Heydon, S. L. (1988) The Sphegigasterini: A cladistic analysis and generic classification with reviews of selected genera (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. vi, 167 pp. http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 18727227" type="book" year="1988">Heydon 1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1E5FF8B87F6FAA650E10E95BFAC58BF0" author="Heydon, S. L." box="[1308,1367,1135,1159]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" refId="ref8494" refString="Heydon, S. L. (1995) A review of the North American species of Thinodytes Graham and Mauleus Graham (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 4,1 - 24. http: // biostor. org / reference / 29072" type="url" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
), also containing
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650A19E9A0FE0E8BDB" box="[277,412,1172,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Syntomopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650A19E9A0FE0E8BDB" box="[277,412,1172,1196]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Syntomopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. A lateral bulge arises from the prepectus, from below the exposed lateral panel (
<figureCitation id="E2F599CC7F6FAA650E4EE9A0FA0A8BDB" box="[1346,1432,1172,1196]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-139@14.[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Syntomopus crassicornis ♀ holotype: 43, Head and antenna, lateral view; 44, Head, anterior view; 45, Mesosoma and petiole, dorsal view; 46, Mesosoma, lateral view, PPB = prepectal bulge; 47, Fore wing, dorsal view; 48, Metasoma, dorsal view." pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
: PPB). The prepectal bulge has not been previously mentioned in
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA6508B3E983FBC48BB8" baseAuthorityName="Noyes" baseAuthorityYear="2012" box="[959,1110,1207,1231]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pteromalidae</taxonomicName>
, but was also observed in
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650B9BE9E8FE8C8B83" box="[151,286,1244,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Syntomopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650B9BE9E8FE8C8B83" box="[151,286,1244,1268]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Syntomopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and a few other Sphegigastrini during a survey of pteromalid morphology (Burks,
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650FDAE9E9FAB58B83" box="[1238,1319,1245,1268]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">in prep</emphasis>
.). Finally, the symmetrically tridentate clypeal margin (
<figureCitation id="E2F599CC7F6FAA65099DE9CBFD718A60" box="[657,739,1279,1303]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-139@14.[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Syntomopus crassicornis ♀ holotype: 43, Head and antenna, lateral view; 44, Head, anterior view; 45, Mesosoma and petiole, dorsal view; 46, Mesosoma, lateral view, PPB = prepectal bulge; 47, Fore wing, dorsal view; 48, Metasoma, dorsal view." pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
) and strong humeral angles of the pronotum (
<figureCitation id="E2F599CC7F6FAA650FE5E9CBFAF88A60" box="[1257,1386,1279,1303]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-139@14.[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Syntomopus crassicornis ♀ holotype: 43, Head and antenna, lateral view; 44, Head, anterior view; 45, Mesosoma and petiole, dorsal view; 46, Mesosoma, lateral view, PPB = prepectal bulge; 47, Fore wing, dorsal view; 48, Metasoma, dorsal view." pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Figs 45, 46</figureCitation>
) are defining traits of
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650A54E810FE4D8A4B" box="[344,479,1316,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Syntomopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650A54E810FE4D8A4B" box="[344,479,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Syntomopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
within the
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650952E810FD7F8A4B" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1811" box="[606,749,1316,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Halticoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650952E810FD7F8A4B" box="[606,749,1316,1340]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Halticoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group (
<bibRefCitation id="1E5FF8B87F6FAA65084BE810FC708A4B" author="Heydon, S. L." box="[839,994,1316,1340]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" refId="ref8383" refString="Heydon, S. L. (1988) The Sphegigasterini: A cladistic analysis and generic classification with reviews of selected genera (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Thesis (Ph. D.) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. vi, 167 pp. http: // www. worldcat. org / oclc / 18727227" type="book" year="1988">Heydon 1988</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1E5FF8B87F6FAA6508E2E810FBBA8A4B" author="Heydon, S. L." box="[1006,1064,1316,1340]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" pagination="107 - 116" refId="ref8442" refString="Heydon, S. L. (1993) Syntomopus Walker: the Nearctic species with a review of known host associations (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 2 (1), 107 - 116. http: // biostor. org / reference / 29112" type="journal article" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="1E5FF8B87F6FAA650F38E810FBE28A4B" author="Heydon, S. L." box="[1076,1136,1316,1340]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" refId="ref8494" refString="Heydon, S. L. (1995) A review of the North American species of Thinodytes Graham and Mauleus Graham (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 4,1 - 24. http: // biostor. org / reference / 29072" type="url" year="1995">1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7185497F6FAA650BCBE873FB228963" blockId="13.[151,1437,919,1988]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">
<bibRefCitation id="1E5FF8B87F6FAA650BCBE873FEE98A28" author="Szelenyi, G." box="[199,379,1351,1375]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" pagination="325 - 327" refId="ref9242" refString="Szelenyi, G. (1970) Dudichilla crassicornis gen. et sp. n., a new pteromalid genus and species from the Hungarian fauna (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea). Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest, 10 (2), 325 - 327. http: // opuscula. elte. hu / PDF / Opuscula 10 _ 2 _ 1970 / Szelenyi, % 20 G _ 10 _ 2 _ 11. pdf" type="journal article" year="1970">Szelényi (1970)</bibRefCitation>
stated that
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA65090EE87CFDE88A17" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityYear="1970" box="[514,634,1352,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Dudichilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA65090EE87CFDE88A17" box="[514,634,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Dudichilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differed from
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA65082FE87CFC388A17" box="[803,938,1352,1376]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Syntomopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA65082FE87CFC388A17" box="[803,938,1352,1376]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Syntomopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its flattened body (
<figureCitation id="E2F599CC7F6FAA650FA6E873FA928A28" box="[1194,1280,1351,1375]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-139@14.[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Syntomopus crassicornis ♀ holotype: 43, Head and antenna, lateral view; 44, Head, anterior view; 45, Mesosoma and petiole, dorsal view; 46, Mesosoma, lateral view, PPB = prepectal bulge; 47, Fore wing, dorsal view; 48, Metasoma, dorsal view." pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
), but
<bibRefCitation id="1E5FF8B87F6FAA650E4FE873FF738AF3" author="Heydon, S. L." pageId="13" pageNumber="37" pagination="107 - 116" refId="ref8442" refString="Heydon, S. L. (1993) Syntomopus Walker: the Nearctic species with a review of known host associations (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 2 (1), 107 - 116. http: // biostor. org / reference / 29112" type="journal article" year="1993">Heydon (1993)</bibRefCitation>
stated that a flattened mesosoma is characteristic of most
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650870E858FBF68AF3" box="[892,1124,1388,1412]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Syntomopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650870E858FB918AF3" box="[892,1027,1388,1412]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Syntomopus</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
It is therefore possible that Szelényi knew
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650A46E8A4FE408ADF" box="[330,466,1424,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Syntomopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650A46E8A4FE408ADF" box="[330,466,1424,1448]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Syntomopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from only one of the few convex-bodied species or from misidentified specimens.
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650B9BE880FE9D8ABB" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityYear="1970" box="[151,271,1460,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Dudichilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650B9BE880FE9D8ABB" box="[151,271,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Dudichilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from most
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650AE1E880FDE68ABB" box="[493,628,1460,1484]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Syntomopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650AE1E880FDE68ABB" box="[493,628,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Syntomopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having no distinct propodeal carinae (
<figureCitation id="E2F599CC7F6FAA650F5BE880FB3C8ABB" box="[1111,1198,1460,1484]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-139@14.[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Syntomopus crassicornis ♀ holotype: 43, Head and antenna, lateral view; 44, Head, anterior view; 45, Mesosoma and petiole, dorsal view; 46, Mesosoma, lateral view, PPB = prepectal bulge; 47, Fore wing, dorsal view; 48, Metasoma, dorsal view." pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
). However, this also occurs in
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650A05E8ECFDF18A98" authority="Thomson." authorityName="Thomson." box="[265,611,1495,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Syntomopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650A05E8ECFE7A8A98" box="[265,488,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Syntomopus incisus</emphasis>
Thomson.
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650967E8ECFD718A87" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityYear="1970" box="[619,739,1496,1520]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Dudichilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650967E8ECFD718A87" box="[619,739,1496,1520]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Dudichilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
further differs from most Sphegigastrini in having a weakly sclerotized gaster, in which the first gastral tergite strongly collapses when air-dried (
<figureCitation id="E2F599CC7F6FAA650F43E8C8FB368963" box="[1103,1188,1532,1556]" captionStart="FIGURES 43–48" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1633,1656]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetId="figure-139@14.[151,1436,193,1613]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 43–48. Syntomopus crassicornis ♀ holotype: 43, Head and antenna, lateral view; 44, Head, anterior view; 45, Mesosoma and petiole, dorsal view; 46, Mesosoma, lateral view, PPB = prepectal bulge; 47, Fore wing, dorsal view; 48, Metasoma, dorsal view." pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Fig. 48</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7A7185497F6FAA650BCBEB14FAB588B4" blockId="13.[151,1437,919,1988]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">
In determining the status of
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA65090EEB14FD13894F" box="[514,641,1568,1592]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA65090EEB14FDEF894F" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityYear="1970" box="[514,637,1568,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Dudichilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Dudichilla</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
it seems best to make decisions based upon a suite of characters rather than a single character. It is more likely that a single character (propodeal carinae), rather than the many characters mentioned above, would undergo reversal. A lack of propodeal carinae is not unprecedented within
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650E01EB5CFA0689F7" box="[1293,1428,1640,1664]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Syntomopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650E01EB5CFA0689F7" box="[1293,1428,1640,1664]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Syntomopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<bibRefCitation id="1E5FF8B87F6FAA650BCBEBB8FEE089D3" author="Heydon, S. L." box="[199,370,1676,1700]" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" pagination="107 - 116" refId="ref8442" refString="Heydon, S. L. (1993) Syntomopus Walker: the Nearctic species with a review of known host associations (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 2 (1), 107 - 116. http: // biostor. org / reference / 29112" type="journal article" year="1993">Heydon (1993)</bibRefCitation>
previously treated it as a likely reversal in
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA65086FEBB8FBEB89D3" authority="Thomson. The" authorityName="Thomson. The" box="[867,1145,1676,1700]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Syntomopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="incisus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA65086FEBB8FC5F89D3" box="[867,973,1676,1700]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">S. incisus</emphasis>
Thomson. The
</taxonomicName>
loss of propodeal carinae in
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650BB4EB85FEFA89B0" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityYear="1970" box="[184,360,1712,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Dudichilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650BB4EB85FEFA89B0" box="[184,360,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">D. crassicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be interpreted as a reversal as well. The other features that disagree with
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650E18EB84FA0989BF" box="[1300,1435,1712,1736]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Syntomopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650E18EB84FA0989BF" box="[1300,1435,1712,1736]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Syntomopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(antennal shape, collapsing gaster) seem to be autapomorphic, not shared with other Sphegigastrini. The collapsing gaster is not necessarily justifiable as a generic character, because it relies upon the assumption of a consistent reaction to air-drying—something that cannot be judged from the single existing specimen. The remaining distinctive feature of
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650A84EA75FDA68820" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityYear="1970" box="[392,564,1856,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Dudichilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornis">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650A84EA75FDA68820" box="[392,564,1856,1880]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">D. crassicornis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is its antennal shape. Some other pteromaline genera are polymorphic for an acuminate club, such as
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650AB2EA50FCD6880B" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1843" box="[446,836,1892,1916]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Norbanus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650AB2EA50FDBE880B" box="[446,556,1892,1916]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Norbanus</emphasis>
Walker (Bouček 1991)
</taxonomicName>
, and so this alone is not a convincing feature for separating genera. Finally, keeping
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650925EABCFD3388D7" authorityName="Szelenyi" authorityYear="1970" box="[553,673,1928,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Dudichilla" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650925EABCFD3388D7" box="[553,673,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Dudichilla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinct would cause
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650894EABCFBB288D7" box="[920,1056,1928,1952]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Syntomopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650894EABCFBB288D7" box="[920,1056,1928,1952]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Syntomopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to no longer have any distinctive defining features within the
<taxonomicName id="BDCEFECA7F6FAA650ADFEA98FDF088B3" authorityName="Spinola" authorityYear="1811" box="[467,610,1964,1988]" class="Insecta" family="Pteromalidae" genus="Halticoptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="48BA595B7F6FAA650ADFEA98FDF088B3" box="[467,610,1964,1988]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="37">Halticoptera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
-group, which can be avoided by synonymizing the two names.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink