6252 lines
973 KiB
XML
6252 lines
973 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac003" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2044df8e-cab2-4501-aacd-bea989a2ff99" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381036" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="1" checkinTime="1669807300121" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bellardini, Flavio, Coria, Rodolfo A, Pino, Diego A, Windholz, Guillermo J, Baiano, Mattia A & Martinelli, Augustin G" docDate="2022" docId="F171B72AFFD04546FCAFFB1E4417FD21" docLanguage="en" docName="zlac003.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 196 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/4/1333/6553819" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Ligabuesaurus leanzai BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA 2006" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1378" masterDocId="0D48CF52FFD4456BFFEDFFC64066FFE4" masterDocTitle="Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Ligabuesaurus leanzai (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of the Neuquén Basin, Patagonia, Argentina" masterLastPageNumber="1393" masterPageNumber="1333" pageNumber="1337" updateTime="1669901647003" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Ligabuesaurus leanzai (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of the Neuquén Basin, Patagonia, Argentina</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bellardini, Flavio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Coria, Rodolfo A</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Pino, Diego A</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Windholz, Guillermo J</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Baiano, Mattia A</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Martinelli, Augustin G</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-12-01</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>196</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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<mods:start>1333</mods:start>
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<mods:end>1393</mods:end>
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<mods:url>https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/196/4/1333/6553819</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1093/zoolinnean/zlac003</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">2044df8e-cab2-4501-aacd-bea989a2ff99</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7386422" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7386422" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F171B72AFFD04546FCAFFB1E4417FD21" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F171B72AFFD04546FCAFFB1E4417FD21" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="1378" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="1337" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[834,1400,1239,1295]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">
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<taxonomicName authority="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA, 2006" authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="4" pageNumber="1334" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
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<emphasis box="[834,1125,1240,1263]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">LIGABUESAURUS LEANZAI</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" firstAuthor="BONAPARTE" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">BONAPARTE, GONZÁLEZ RIGA & APESTEGUÍA, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="1337" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[809,1141,1310,1334]" box="[809,1141,1310,1334]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1141,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">
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||
<typeStatus box="[809,866,1311,1334]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
species and etymology
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[809,1425,1350,1464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">
|
||
The name of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1002,1051,1351,1372]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species was erected in honour of geologist Dr Héctor Leanza, who reported about the presence of fossils at Cerro de los Leones, Picún Leufú,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[809,1020,1442,1464]" country="Argentina" name="Neuquen" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">Neuquén Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1030,1149,1442,1464]" name="Argentina" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1339" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[809,917,1521,1545]" box="[809,917,1521,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,917,1521,1545]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[809,917,1521,1545]" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[809,1425,1561,1890]" lastBlockId="5.[163,779,1494,1883]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="1338" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1012,1561,1582]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">MCF-PVPH-233</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1034,1127,1561,1583]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[163,241,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[226,1378,204,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-290@5.[223,1381,197,1293]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. The somphospondylan sauropod Ligabuesaurus leanzai from Cerro de los Leones (Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina). A, skeletal reconstruction based on the holotype (MCF-PVPH-233) and referred material (MCF-PVPH-261) from quarry no. 4, plus the newly referred specimens from quarry no. 3 (MCF-PVPH-228, MCF-PVPH-744 and MCF- PVPH-908). B, life restoration of Ligabuesaurus leanzai as a non-titanosaurian somphospondylan by J. L. Blanco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381048/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
): a single, large-sized, incomplete and disarticulated sauropod specimen represented by ten maxillary teeth (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">MCF-PVPH-233/ 01</emphasis>
|
||
), a posterior cervical vertebra (
|
||
<emphasis box="[818,1060,1684,1705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">MCF-PVPH-233/02</emphasis>
|
||
), an anterior dorsal vertebra (
|
||
<emphasis box="[820,1090,1715,1736]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">MCF-PVPH- 233 / 03</emphasis>
|
||
), two articulated midposterior dorsal vertebrae (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1173,1425,1745,1766]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">MCF-PVPH-233/04</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[878,1156,1776,1797]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">MCF-PVPH- 233 / 05</emphasis>
|
||
), two articulated posterior dorsal vertebrae (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1173,1425,1806,1827]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">MCF-PVPH-233/06</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[868,1121,1837,1858]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">MCF-PVPH-233/07</emphasis>
|
||
), both scapulae (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">MCF-PVPH-233/08</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1066,1322,1868,1889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="1337">MCF-PVPH-233/09</emphasis>
|
||
), a left humerus (
|
||
<emphasis box="[281,510,1494,1515]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">MCF-PVPH-233/10</emphasis>
|
||
), a proximal and distal epiphysis of the right humerus (
|
||
<emphasis box="[545,779,1525,1546]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">MCF-PVPH-233/11</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[221,470,1555,1576]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">MCF-PVPH-233/12</emphasis>
|
||
), a right metacarpal II (
|
||
<emphasis box="[173,434,1586,1608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">MCF-PVPH- 233/13</emphasis>
|
||
), a right metacarpal III (
|
||
<emphasis box="[174,443,1617,1638]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">MCF-PVPH- 233/ 14</emphasis>
|
||
), a distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal II (
|
||
<emphasis box="[479,733,1647,1668]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">MCF-PVPH-233/15</emphasis>
|
||
), a distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal IV (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">MCF-PVPH-233/16</emphasis>
|
||
), a right femur (
|
||
<emphasis box="[529,764,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">MCF-PVPH-233/17</emphasis>
|
||
), a right tibia (
|
||
<emphasis box="[338,582,1739,1760]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">MCF-PVPH-233/18</emphasis>
|
||
), a right fibula (
|
||
<emphasis box="[172,421,1770,1791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">MCF-PVPH-233/19</emphasis>
|
||
), a right astragalus (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">MCF-PVPH-233/20</emphasis>
|
||
) and a nearly complete and articulated right pes, with five metatarsals and three phalanges (
|
||
<emphasis box="[171,640,1862,1883]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">MCF-PVPH-233/21–MCF-PVPH-233/28</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381048" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381048/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338" startId="5.[163,241,1332,1354]" targetBox="[226,1378,204,1290]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[163,1443,1332,1442]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,267,1332,1354]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
The somphospondylan sauropod
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[617,854,1333,1355]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[617,854,1333,1355]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cerro de los Leones (Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina). A, skeletal reconstruction based on the holotype (
|
||
<emphasis box="[823,996,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">MCF-PVPH-233</emphasis>
|
||
) and referred material (MCF-PVPH-261) from quarry no. 4, plus the newly referred specimens from quarry no. 3 (MCF-PVPH-228, MCF-PVPH-744 and MCF-PVPH-908). B, life restoration of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[507,744,1420,1442]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[507,744,1420,1442]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a non-titanosaurian somphospondylan by J. L. Blanco.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[827,1061,1494,1518]" box="[827,1061,1494,1518]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">
|
||
<heading box="[827,1061,1494,1518]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1061,1494,1518]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">Referred specimens</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[827,1444,1534,1893]" lastBlockId="6.[145,762,197,771]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="1339" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">
|
||
MCF-PVPH-261 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1059,1155,1534,1556]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[163,241,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[226,1378,204,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-290@5.[223,1381,197,1293]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. The somphospondylan sauropod Ligabuesaurus leanzai from Cerro de los Leones (Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina). A, skeletal reconstruction based on the holotype (MCF-PVPH-233) and referred material (MCF-PVPH-261) from quarry no. 4, plus the newly referred specimens from quarry no. 3 (MCF-PVPH-228, MCF-PVPH-744 and MCF- PVPH-908). B, life restoration of Ligabuesaurus leanzai as a non-titanosaurian somphospondylan by J. L. Blanco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381048/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
): several postcranial elements from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1040,1089,1565,1586]" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">type</typeStatus>
|
||
quarry no. 4 of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[1268,1437,1565,1586]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1268,1437,1565,1586]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="1338">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, consisting of a mid-cervical vertebra (MCF-PVPH-261/16), two posterior cervical vertebrae (MCF-PVPH-261/01 and MCF-PVPH-261/02), an anterior caudal vertebra (MCF-PVPH-261/15), an incomplete dorsal rib (MCF-PVPH-261/17), both coracoids (MCF-PVPH-261/05 and MCF-PVPH-261/06), a distal half of left radius(?) (MCF-PVPH-261/07), a partial left ilium (MCF-PVPH-261/08), both pubes (MCF-PVPH-261/09–MCF-PVPH-261/11), a left femur (MCF-PVPH-261/12), a proximal epiphysis of the left tibia (MCF-PVPH-261/13) and a proximal epiphysis of the left fibula (MCF-PVPH-261/14).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[145,762,197,771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">
|
||
MCF-PVPH-228 and MCF-PVPH-908 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[655,744,258,280]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[163,241,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[226,1378,204,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-290@5.[223,1381,197,1293]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. The somphospondylan sauropod Ligabuesaurus leanzai from Cerro de los Leones (Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina). A, skeletal reconstruction based on the holotype (MCF-PVPH-233) and referred material (MCF-PVPH-261) from quarry no. 4, plus the newly referred specimens from quarry no. 3 (MCF-PVPH-228, MCF-PVPH-744 and MCF- PVPH-908). B, life restoration of Ligabuesaurus leanzai as a non-titanosaurian somphospondylan by J. L. Blanco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381048/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
), a single, large-sized and incomplete sauropod specimen from quarry no. 3, represented by the following associated bones: two articulated posterior cervical vertebrae (MCF-PVPH- 228 / 01 and MCF-PVPH-261/02), an anterior dorsal vertebra (MCF-PVPH-908), two articulated mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae (MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF-PVPH-228/04), six incomplete dorsal ribs (MCF-PVPH-228/05–MCF-PVPH-261/10) and a right scapula (MCF-PVPH-228/11).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[145,762,197,771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">
|
||
MCF-PVPH-744 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[390,480,596,618]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[163,241,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[226,1378,204,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-290@5.[223,1381,197,1293]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. The somphospondylan sauropod Ligabuesaurus leanzai from Cerro de los Leones (Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina). A, skeletal reconstruction based on the holotype (MCF-PVPH-233) and referred material (MCF-PVPH-261) from quarry no. 4, plus the newly referred specimens from quarry no. 3 (MCF-PVPH-228, MCF-PVPH-744 and MCF- PVPH-908). B, life restoration of Ligabuesaurus leanzai as a non-titanosaurian somphospondylan by J. L. Blanco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381048/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
), one isolated, almost complete tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[145,762,197,771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">
|
||
See the Supporting Information (
|
||
<tableCitation box="[593,704,657,679]" captionStart="Table S" captionStartId="59.[163,233,775,796]" captionText="Table S1. List of type material of Ligabuesaurus leanzai." pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
and Section 1.1.2 ‘Comments on referred specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[179,366,718,739]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[179,366,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’) for considerations about the composition of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[359,408,750,771]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[547,716,749,770]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[547,716,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[145,398,827,851]" box="[145,398,827,851]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">
|
||
<heading box="[145,398,827,851]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,398,827,851]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Locality and horizon</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[145,762,868,1411]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">
|
||
The fossil remains of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[372,537,868,889]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[372,537,868,889]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
come from the Cerro de los Leones locality, a hill located ~
|
||
<quantity box="[547,616,898,920]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
|
||
to the southwest of Picún Leufú city, southern
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[544,756,929,951]" country="Argentina" name="Neuquen" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Neuquén Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Patagonia,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[272,387,960,982]" name="Argentina" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Argentina</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[403,515,960,982]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[163,242,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1446,785,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-334@1.[163,1449,781,1755]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Location map. A, satellite map of northern Patagonia (Argentina), showing the approximate limits of Neuquén Basin (white dashed line). B, the Cerro de los Leones locality is ~10 km to the south-west of Picún Leufú city, to the south of the Neuquén Province (white crossed pickaxes). C, satellite map of the main quarries opened on the southern flank of the Cerro de los Leones, where outcropping of the fluvial sediments of the Lohan Cura Formation (Albian) occurs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381042/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Fig. 1A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fluvial deposits outcropping in this area were referred to the lower section of the Cullin Grande Member (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinelli" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martinelli" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="537 - 552" refId="ref40889" refString="Martinelli AG, Garrido AC, Forasiepi AM, Paz ER, Gurovich Y. 2007. Notes on fossil remains from the Early Cretaceous Lohan Cura Formation, Neuquen Province, Argentina. Gondwana Research 11: 537 - 552." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Martinelli
|
||
<emphasis box="[700,755,1021,1043]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the upper member of the Lohan Cura Formation (Bajada del Agrio Group, Lower Cretaceous, Albian). The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[145,194,1114,1135]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">type</typeStatus>
|
||
quarry (no. 4) was opened in the fossiliferous level no. 2 (
|
||
<emphasis box="[210,272,1144,1165]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinelli" box="[277,513,1144,1166]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martinelli" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="537 - 552" refId="ref40889" refString="Martinelli AG, Garrido AC, Forasiepi AM, Paz ER, Gurovich Y. 2007. Notes on fossil remains from the Early Cretaceous Lohan Cura Formation, Neuquen Province, Argentina. Gondwana Research 11: 537 - 552." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Martinelli
|
||
<emphasis box="[396,449,1144,1165]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the southern flank of the Cerro de los Leones (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[443,521,1174,1196]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="1.[163,242,1795,1817]" captionTargetBox="[166,1446,785,1752]" captionTargetId="figure-334@1.[163,1449,781,1755]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 1. Location map. A, satellite map of northern Patagonia (Argentina), showing the approximate limits of Neuquén Basin (white dashed line). B, the Cerro de los Leones locality is ~10 km to the south-west of Picún Leufú city, to the south of the Neuquén Province (white crossed pickaxes). C, satellite map of the main quarries opened on the southern flank of the Cerro de los Leones, where outcropping of the fluvial sediments of the Lohan Cura Formation (Albian) occurs." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381042" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381042/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity box="[584,639,1175,1196]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" unit="m" value="40.0">40 m</quantity>
|
||
to the east of quarry no. 3, where part of the referred specimen was found (Supporting Information,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[496,592,1236,1258]" captionStart="Table S" captionStartId="59.[163,233,775,796]" captionText="Table S1. List of type material of Ligabuesaurus leanzai." pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The sauropod remains were found in laminate mudstones with interbedded fine- to very fine-grained sandstones. These fluvial deposits were dated as Albian and are considered to have been formed in a distal floodplain in semi-arid climatic conditions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinelli" box="[366,603,1389,1411]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martinelli" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="537 - 552" refId="ref40889" refString="Martinelli AG, Garrido AC, Forasiepi AM, Paz ER, Gurovich Y. 2007. Notes on fossil remains from the Early Cretaceous Lohan Cura Formation, Neuquen Province, Argentina. Gondwana Research 11: 537 - 552." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Martinelli
|
||
<emphasis box="[484,538,1389,1411]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[145,541,1467,1491]" box="[145,541,1467,1491]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">
|
||
<heading box="[145,541,1467,1491]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,541,1467,1491]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Comments on original diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[145,761,1508,1898]" lastBlockId="6.[809,1425,197,403]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">
|
||
In the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Bonaparte et al. (2006)" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[462,631,1508,1529]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,202,1538,1560]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
identified four autapomorphies. The first three are listed below with the numbers (1), (2) and (3). The fourth autapomorphy, listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,207,1630,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as (4) rudimentary prespinal lamina (prsl) on the posterior cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae, is not used here for the following reasons: in the posterior cervical vertebra
|
||
<emphasis box="[531,761,1723,1744]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">MCF-PVPH-233/02</emphasis>
|
||
the prsl is not present (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[453,543,1753,1775]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[166,1440,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[163,1443,196,1757]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposedasauniquelyderivedfeatureofLigabuesaurusleanzainotpresentinanyothersauropods.B–K,comparativeoutlines of sauropod coracoids: B, Neuquensaurus MLP-Ly-14; C, Saltasaurus PVL-4017-100; D, Quetecsaurus UNCUYO-LD-300.15; E, Opisthocoelicaudia ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F, Dreadnoughtus MPM-PV-1156; G, Tapuiasaurus MZSP-PV-807; H, Uberabatitan CPP-1109-UrHo; I, Suuwassea ANS 21122; J, Patagotitan MPEF-PV-3400/24; K, Zby ML 368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 (L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/03 (M) and MCF- PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from González Riga et al. (2019). Not to scale. Scale bar: 10 cm in L–N." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Fig. 5L</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas in the anterior dorsal vertebra
|
||
<emphasis box="[448,687,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">MCF-PVPH-233/03</emphasis>
|
||
there is a reduced lamina on the dorsalmost portion of the anterior face of the neural spine (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[542,631,1845,1867]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[166,1440,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[163,1443,196,1757]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposedasauniquelyderivedfeatureofLigabuesaurusleanzainotpresentinanyothersauropods.B–K,comparativeoutlines of sauropod coracoids: B, Neuquensaurus MLP-Ly-14; C, Saltasaurus PVL-4017-100; D, Quetecsaurus UNCUYO-LD-300.15; E, Opisthocoelicaudia ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F, Dreadnoughtus MPM-PV-1156; G, Tapuiasaurus MZSP-PV-807; H, Uberabatitan CPP-1109-UrHo; I, Suuwassea ANS 21122; J, Patagotitan MPEF-PV-3400/24; K, Zby ML 368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 (L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/03 (M) and MCF- PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from González Riga et al. (2019). Not to scale. Scale bar: 10 cm in L–N." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Fig. 5M</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, in the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 the prsl is not rudimentary but represented by a narrow and prominent lamina, well developed from the base to the apex of the neural spine (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1194,1281,258,280]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[166,1440,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[163,1443,196,1757]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposedasauniquelyderivedfeatureofLigabuesaurusleanzainotpresentinanyothersauropods.B–K,comparativeoutlines of sauropod coracoids: B, Neuquensaurus MLP-Ly-14; C, Saltasaurus PVL-4017-100; D, Quetecsaurus UNCUYO-LD-300.15; E, Opisthocoelicaudia ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F, Dreadnoughtus MPM-PV-1156; G, Tapuiasaurus MZSP-PV-807; H, Uberabatitan CPP-1109-UrHo; I, Suuwassea ANS 21122; J, Patagotitan MPEF-PV-3400/24; K, Zby ML 368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 (L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/03 (M) and MCF- PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from González Riga et al. (2019). Not to scale. Scale bar: 10 cm in L–N." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Fig. 5N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Therefore, we consider that the rudimentary prsl on the posterior cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae is not a pertinent autapomorphy for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1023,1194,350,371]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1023,1194,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and exclude it from the diagnosis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1341" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[809,1027,486,510]" box="[809,1027,486,510]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">
|
||
<heading box="[809,1027,486,510]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1027,486,510]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Revised diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[809,1426,526,1898]" lastBlockId="8.[145,762,197,679]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1341" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[809,1064,526,547]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1064,526,547]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is characterized by the following autapomorphies: (1) laminar and anteroposteriorly compressed neural spines on posterior cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae that are rhomboid in shape and wider than the vertebral centra; (2) spinoprezygapophyseal laminae in posterior cervical vertebrae forked to form two pairs of laminae: the medial pair unites them towards the top of the neural spine, and the lateral pair form the lateral border of the neural spine; (3) posterior cervical and anterior dorsal vertebrae with low neural arch pedicels, less than onethird of the height of the anterior articular surface; (4) humeral head expanded posteriorly (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic MD" box="[1225,1375,894,916]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="624 - 671" refId="ref37712" refString="D'Emic MD. 2012. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 166: 624 - 671." type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); (5) quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[880,965,956,978]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[166,1440,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[163,1443,196,1757]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposedasauniquelyderivedfeatureofLigabuesaurusleanzainotpresentinanyothersauropods.B–K,comparativeoutlines of sauropod coracoids: B, Neuquensaurus MLP-Ly-14; C, Saltasaurus PVL-4017-100; D, Quetecsaurus UNCUYO-LD-300.15; E, Opisthocoelicaudia ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F, Dreadnoughtus MPM-PV-1156; G, Tapuiasaurus MZSP-PV-807; H, Uberabatitan CPP-1109-UrHo; I, Suuwassea ANS 21122; J, Patagotitan MPEF-PV-3400/24; K, Zby ML 368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 (L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/03 (M) and MCF- PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from González Riga et al. (2019). Not to scale. Scale bar: 10 cm in L–N." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
); (6) fossae on proximoventral faces of metatarsals II and III (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic MD" box="[1075,1225,986,1008]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="624 - 671" refId="ref37712" refString="D'Emic MD. 2012. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 166: 624 - 671." type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and (7) deep pit on ventrodistal face of pedal phalanx II-1 (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic MD" box="[874,1032,1048,1070]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="624 - 671" refId="ref37712" refString="D'Emic MD. 2012. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 166: 624 - 671." type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). With regard to (4), (6) and (7), in the extended contribution on the early evolution of Titanosauriformes,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic MD" box="[1065,1221,1109,1131]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="624 - 671" refId="ref37712" refString="D'Emic MD. 2012. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 166: 624 - 671." type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic (2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; appendix 4) also provided a diagnosis for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1105,1280,1140,1161]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1105,1280,1140,1161]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, identifying five autapomorphies, some of which are not included in the diagnosis to represent morphological features with a wide distribution within Sauropoda. In this sense, the distal scapular blade with rounded dorsal expansion (autapomorphy 1;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic MD" box="[1029,1187,1293,1315]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="624 - 671" refId="ref37712" refString="D'Emic MD. 2012. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 166: 624 - 671." type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is a condition that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[809,978,1324,1345]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,978,1324,1345]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with several Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Riggs, 1903" authorityName="Riggs" authorityYear="1903" box="[877,1235,1354,1376]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[877,1067,1354,1375]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Riggs" box="[1081,1235,1354,1376]" firstAuthor="Riggs" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="299 - 306" refId="ref42266" refString="Riggs ES. 1903. Brachiosaurus altithorax, the largest known dinosaur. American Journal of Science 15: 299 - 306." type="journal article" year="1903">Riggs, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Taylor, Wedel & Cifelli, 2011" authorityName="Taylor, Wedel & Cifelli" authorityYear="2011" class="Reptilia" genus="Brontomerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1258,1425,1355,1376]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Brontomerus</emphasis>
|
||
Taylor, Wedel & Cifelli, 2011
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Romer, 1956" authorityName="Romer" authorityYear="1956" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1197,1327,1385,1406]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Romer" firstAuthor="Romer" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" refId="ref42289" refString="Romer AS. 1956. Osteology of the reptiles. Chicago: University of Chicago Press." type="book" year="1956">Romer, 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Paul, 1988" authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[881,1164,1416,1438]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[881,1026,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
Paul, 1988
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gorscak et al., 2014" authorityName="Gorscak" authorityYear="2014" genus="Rukwatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1178,1319,1416,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Rukwatitan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gorscak" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gorscak" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="1133 - 1154" refId="ref38996" refString="Gorscak E, O'Connor PM, Stevens NJ, Roberts EM. 2014. The basal titanosaurian Rukwatitan bisepultus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the middle Cretaceous Galula Formation, Rukwa Rift Basin, southwestern Tanzania. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34: 1133 - 1154." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Gorscak
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,867,1446,1468]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), hence it is excluded from the diagnosis. Likewise, the gracile humerus of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1240,1425,1477,1498]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1240,1425,1477,1498]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(autapomorphy 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic MD" box="[1030,1188,1508,1530]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="624 - 671" refId="ref37712" refString="D'Emic MD. 2012. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 166: 624 - 671." type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is a plesiomorphic condition that is also present in several sauropods, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gilmore, 1922" authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1922" box="[905,1234,1569,1591]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Alamosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[905,1060,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Alamosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore" box="[1069,1234,1569,1591]" firstAuthor="Gilmore" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref38446" refString="Gilmore CW. 1922. A new sauropod dinosaur from the Ojo Alamo Formation of New Mexico. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 72: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1922">Gilmore, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Del Corro, 1975" authorityName="Del Corro" authorityYear="1975" class="Reptilia" genus="Chubutisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1249,1425,1569,1590]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Chubutisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Del Corro" box="[809,984,1599,1622]" firstAuthor="Del Corro" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="229 - 240" refId="ref37659" refString="Del Corro G. 1975. Un nuevo sauropodo del Cretacico Chubutisaurus insignis gen. et sp. nov. (Saurischia- Chubutisauridae nov.) del Cretacico Superior (Chubutiano), Chubut, Argentina. Actas I Congreso Argentino de Paleontologia y Bioestratigrafia, Tucuman 2: 229 - 240." type="journal article" year="1975">Del Corro, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Mateus et al." authorityName="Mateus" box="[996,1309,1600,1621]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Europasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[996,1158,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Europasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
Mateus
|
||
<emphasis box="[1254,1309,1600,1621]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sander" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sander" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="739 - 741" refId="ref42812" refString="Sander M, Mateus O, Laven T, Knotschke N. 2006. Bone histology indicates insular dwarfism in a new Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur. Nature 441: 739 - 741." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sander
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,869,1630,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[959,1105,1630,1651]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[959,1105,1630,1651]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Bonaparte, 1979" authorityName="Bonaparte" authorityYear="1979" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Patagosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1121,1284,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Patagosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="173 - 782" refId="ref36303" refString="Bonaparte JF, Vince M. 1979. El hallazgo del primer nido de dinosaurios triasicos (Saurischia, Prosauropoda), Triasico superior de Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana 76: 173 - 782." type="journal article" year="1979">Bonaparte, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Calvo & Gonzalez Riga, 2003" authorityName="Calvo & Gonzalez Riga" authorityYear="2003" box="[877,1374,1661,1683]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rinconsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[877,1035,1662,1683]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Rinconsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Calvo & Gonzalez Riga" box="[1042,1374,1661,1683]" firstAuthor="Calvo" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="333 - 353" refId="ref36542" refString="Calvo JO, Gonzalez Riga BJ. 2003. Rinconsaurus caudamirus gen. et sp. nov., a new titanosaurid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. Revista Geologica de Chile 30: 333 - 353." type="journal article" year="2003">Calvo & González Riga, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hocknull et al., 2009" authorityName="Hocknull" authorityYear="2009" box="[809,1227,1692,1714]" class="Reptilia" genus="Wintonotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,966,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Wintonotitan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hocknull" box="[975,1227,1692,1714]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hocknull" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="6190" refId="ref39304" refString="Hocknull SA, White MA, Tischler TR, Cook AG, Calleja ND, Sloan T, Elliott DA. 2009. New mid-Cretaceous (latest Albian) dinosaurs from Winton, Queensland, Australia. PLoS One 4: e 6190." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Hocknull
|
||
<emphasis box="[1093,1154,1692,1713]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In contrast, we agree with D’Emic that the deep pit on the ventrodistal face of the pedal phalanx represents an autapomorphy of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[840,1018,1784,1805]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[840,1018,1784,1805]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(autapomorphy 5;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic MD" box="[1250,1409,1784,1806]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="624 - 671" refId="ref37712" refString="D'Emic MD. 2012. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 166: 624 - 671." type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but we have reconsidered the pedal element (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">MCF-PVPH-233/28</emphasis>
|
||
) as a phalanx II-1 and not a I-1 (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1353,1425,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339">contra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic MD" box="[809,976,1876,1898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="1339" pagination="624 - 671" refId="ref37712" refString="D'Emic MD. 2012. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 166: 624 - 671." type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, also in the phalanx I-1 (
|
||
<emphasis box="[153,384,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">MCF-PVPH-233/26</emphasis>
|
||
) there is a ventrodistal vascular foramen, but it is small and poorly preserved, hence it is not included in the present diagnosis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="1341" pageId="7" pageNumber="1340" startId="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" targetBox="[166,1440,199,1754]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[163,1443,1797,1907]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1340">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,268,1797,1819]" pageId="7" pageNumber="1340">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[843,1082,1797,1819]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="1340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[843,1082,1797,1819]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1340">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposed as a uniquely derived feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[578,812,1856,1878]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="1340" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[578,812,1856,1878]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1340">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
not present in any other sauropods.B–K, comparative outlines of sauropod coracoids: B,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1992" box="[422,586,1886,1907]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Neuquensaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="1340" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[422,586,1886,1907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1340">Neuquensaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MLP-Ly-14; C,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte & Powell" authorityYear="1980" box="[747,875,1885,1907]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="7" pageNumber="1340" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[747,875,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1340">Saltasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
PVL-4017-100; D,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gonzalez Riga & Ortiz David" authorityYear="2014" box="[1069,1210,1885,1907]" genus="Quetecsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" pageNumber="1340" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1069,1210,1885,1907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="1340">Quetecsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
UNCUYO-LD-300.15;
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[145,762,197,679]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">
|
||
Finally, we also recognize the following local autapomorphies (
|
||
<emphasis box="[367,435,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clarke & Chiappe" box="[447,754,320,342]" firstAuthor="Clarke" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref37436" refString="Clarke JA, Chiappe LM. 2001. A new carinate bird from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia (Argentina). American Museum Novitates 2001: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="2001">Clarke & Chiappe, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Benson & Radley" box="[145,437,350,372]" firstAuthor="Benson" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" pagination="35 - 42" refId="ref35896" refString="Benson RB, Radley JD. 2009. A new large-bodied theropod dinosaur from the Middle Jurassic of Warwickshire, United Kingdom. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55: 35 - 42." type="journal article" year="2009">Benson & Radley, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion & Otero" box="[455,754,350,372]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" pagination="614 - 638" refId="ref40463" refString="Mannion PD, Otero A. 2012. A reappraisal of the Late Cretaceous Argentinean sauropod dinosaur Argyrosaurus superbus, with a description of a new titanosaur genus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32: 614 - 638." type="journal article" year="2012">Mannion & Otero, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poropat" box="[145,391,381,403]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" pagination="995 - 1033" refId="ref42067" refString="Poropat SF, Upchurch P, Mannion PD, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Sloan T, George HK, Sinapius GHK, Elliot DA. 2015 b. Revision of the sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae Hocknull et al. 2009 from the mid-Cretaceous of Australia: implications for Gondwanan titanosauriform dispersal. Gondwana Research 27: 995 - 1033." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis box="[246,305,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) within Titanosauriformes: (a) posterior cervical neural spines with steeply sloping anterior and posterior faces in lateral view; (b) dorsal margin of the pleurocoel at the level of the dorsal margin of the centrum or higher in middle to posterior dorsal vertebrae; (c) middle and posterior dorsal neural spines without lateral spinopostzygapophyseal lamina (lat. spol); and (d) astragalus with foramina at base of ascending process (also present in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Apesteguia, 2004" authorityName="Apesteguia" authorityYear="2004" class="Reptilia" family="Nemegtosauridae" genus="Bonitasaura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="salgadoi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Bonitasaura salgadoi</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Apesteguia" box="[247,442,657,679]" firstAuthor="Apesteguia" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" pagination="493 - 497" refId="ref35420" refString="Apesteguia S. 2004. Bonitasaura salgadoi gen. et sp. nov.: a beaked sauropod from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Naturwissenschaften 91: 493 - 497." type="journal article" year="2004">Apesteguía, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="1378" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[145,549,735,759]" box="[145,549,735,759]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">
|
||
<heading box="[145,549,735,759]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,549,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Minimum number of individuals</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[145,762,776,1687]" lastBlockId="8.[809,1426,197,1292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">
|
||
In Bonaparte’s fieldbook notes, he mentioned the presence of size differences among some fossil remains from quarry no. 4 (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[656,755,837,859]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[144,224,1520,1542]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,198,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-165@2.[206,1364,195,1480]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Lithological profile. A schematic log of the the lower section of the Cullin Grande Member (Bajada del Agrio Group, Lohan Cura Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Albian) that outcrops at the Cerro de los Leones locality (modified from Martinelli et al., 2007). Abbreviations: CS, crevasse channel; FF, floodplain fines; FL, fossiliferous level; LA, lateral accretion; LS, laminated sand sheets; LV, levee; SB, sandy bedforms. Architectural element codes follow Miall (1996)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381044/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Fig. S2B</figureCitation>
|
||
; ‘los fémures parecieron ser de distinto tamaño/femora seemed to be of different size’), arguing that more than one sauropod individual would be buried in it (J.F. Bonaparte pers. comm., 2014). In order to estimate the minimum number of individuals from quarry no. 4, we consider the repetition of same-size elements and the presence of repeated elements with different sizes, with a special focus on the long bones (e.g. femora and humeri). In this context, the right femur
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">MCF-PVPH-233/17</emphasis>
|
||
is incomplete, lacking the proximal epiphysis, and exhibits strong anteroposterior compression for plastic diagenetic alterations. In contrast, the slightly shorter but almost complete left femur MCF-PVPH-261/12 is well preserved and not compressed like the right femur. Therefore, the small difference in size between the femora is more likely to be attributable to preservational conditions than to the presence of multiple individuals at the site. Furthermore, the left femur was found partly articulated with the almost complete pelvis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[643,705,1450,1472]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[163,241,912,934]" captionTargetBox="[230,1376,198,869]" captionTargetId="figure-411@3.[227,1379,195,872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Original picture of quarry no. 4 during the fieldwork of 2004 (A) and a quarry map with tentative arrangement of the holotype (in red) and referred material (in blue) of Ligabuesaurus leanzai (B). Abbreviations: ant, anterior; s/n, without collection number; v, vertebra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381046/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the proximal epiphysis of the left tibia and fibula (MCF-PVPH-261/13-14), which show better preservational conditions than the complete but strongly altered and fractured right fibula and tibia (
|
||
<emphasis box="[527,761,1573,1594]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">MCF-PVPH-233/18</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[203,452,1604,1625]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">MCF-PVPH-233/19</emphasis>
|
||
). Likewise, most of the cervical and dorsal vertebrae are almost complete, but show some deformations, especially on the centra (e.g.
|
||
<emphasis box="[867,1106,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">MCF-PVPH-233/04</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1170,1409,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">MCF-PVPH-233/05</emphasis>
|
||
), whereas others are poorly preserved or exhibit strong transverse compression (e.g.
|
||
<emphasis box="[1143,1374,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">MCF-PVPH-233/06</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1045,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">MCF-PVPH-233/07</emphasis>
|
||
). These conditions suggest that different taphonomic events would have altered the sauropod fossil bones of quarry no. 4. In this sense, the left humerus
|
||
<emphasis box="[967,1200,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">MCF-PVPH-233/10</emphasis>
|
||
is almost complete but greatly altered by fractures and compressions, whereas the proximal (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1069,1297,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">MCF-PVPH-233/11</emphasis>
|
||
) and distal (
|
||
<emphasis box="[817,1052,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">MCF-PVPH-233/12</emphasis>
|
||
) ends of the right humerus are well preserved, with the result that it is slightly bigger than the left humerus. In the same way, there are small size and morphological discrepancies between both coracoids, both scapulae and both pubes that are here imputed to the different preservational conditions rather than to the occurrence of multiple individuals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[809,1426,197,1292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">
|
||
Regarding the taphonomic context at site no. 4, the arrangement of the bones was reconstructed, in part, on the basis of the original pictures, notes and sketches by Bonaparte and collaborators (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[965,1048,810,832]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="2.[144,224,1520,1542]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,198,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-165@2.[206,1364,195,1480]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figure 2. Lithological profile. A schematic log of the the lower section of the Cullin Grande Member (Bajada del Agrio Group, Lohan Cura Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Albian) that outcrops at the Cerro de los Leones locality (modified from Martinelli et al., 2007). Abbreviations: CS, crevasse channel; FF, floodplain fines; FL, fossiliferous level; LA, lateral accretion; LS, laminated sand sheets; LV, levee; SB, sandy bedforms. Architectural element codes follow Miall (1996)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381044" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381044/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Fig. S2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The reconstructed map shows that most of the bones referred to the anterior part of the skeleton (e.g. coracoids, scapulae and humeri) were found in the eastern sector of the site, whereas the pelvis, caudal vertebrae and some hindlimb elements came from the western sector (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1159,1222,963,985]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[163,241,912,934]" captionTargetBox="[230,1376,198,869]" captionTargetId="figure-411@3.[227,1379,195,872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Original picture of quarry no. 4 during the fieldwork of 2004 (A) and a quarry map with tentative arrangement of the holotype (in red) and referred material (in blue) of Ligabuesaurus leanzai (B). Abbreviations: ant, anterior; s/n, without collection number; v, vertebra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381046/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[809,1426,197,1292]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">
|
||
This scenario, with the absence of repeated elements, congruent size-ratio values amongst elements and taphonomic arrangement of the bones would suggest that the bone assemblage from quarry no. 4 corresponds to a single sauropod individual. In this sense, further preparation of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1148,1319,1147,1168]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1148,1319,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material and the revision of the complete set of collected bones allowed us to consider that a single sauropod carcass suffered poor preburial transport and disarticulation in the site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[809,1077,1349,1373]" box="[809,1077,1349,1373]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">
|
||
<heading box="[809,1077,1349,1373]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1077,1349,1373]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Body mass estimation</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[809,1426,1389,1687]" lastBlockId="9.[163,780,197,1905]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="1342" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">
|
||
Sauropod dinosaurs were the dominant mega herbivores during the greater part of Mesozoic, being the principal modellers of the terrestrial ecosystem, at least in terms of biomass, until the global extinction of the end of the Cretaceous (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[1002,1254,1512,1534]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[1125,1183,1512,1533]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sander" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sander" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" pagination="117 - 155" refId="ref42846" refString="Sander PM, Christian A, Clauss M, Fechner R, Gee CT, Griebeler E-M, Gunga H-C, Hummel J, Mallison H, Perry SF, Preushoft H, Rauhut OWM, Remes K, Tutken T, Wings O, Witzel U. 2011. Biology of the sauropod dinosaurs: the evolution of gigantism. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 86: 117 - 155." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Sander
|
||
<emphasis box="[1360,1419,1512,1533]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[879,1137,1542,1564]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" pagination="20171219" refId="ref37000" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Otero A, Cerda IA, Salgado L, Garrido AC, Krause JM. 2017. A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284: 20171219." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[1009,1067,1542,1564]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In order to reconstruct different palaeobiological aspects of sauropods and of other extinct terrestrial quadrupeds, the estimation of body mass represents a principal measure of body size to analyse palaeoecological implications of the faunal composition of ancient ecosystems (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campione & Evans" firstAuthor="Campione" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="60" refId="ref36649" refString="Campione NE, Evans DC. 2012. A universal scaling relationship between body mass and proximal limb bone dimensions in quadrupedal terrestrial tetrapods. BMC Biology 10: 60." type="journal article" year="2012">Campione & Evans, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In recent years, different palaeontological studies have focused on developing alternative methodologies to approximate the body mass of extinct vertebrates, including gigantic theropod and sauropod dinosaurs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campione & Evans" box="[298,604,350,372]" firstAuthor="Campione" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="60" refId="ref36649" refString="Campione NE, Evans DC. 2012. A universal scaling relationship between body mass and proximal limb bone dimensions in quadrupedal terrestrial tetrapods. BMC Biology 10: 60." type="journal article" year="2012">Campione & Evans, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sellers" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sellers" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="842 - 845" refId="ref42970" refString="Sellers WI, Hepworth-Bell J, Falkingham PL, Bates KT, Brassey CA, Egerton VM, Manning PL. 2012. Minimum convex hull mass estimations of complete mounted skeletons. Biology Letters 8: 842 - 845." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Sellers
|
||
<emphasis box="[712,772,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bates" box="[229,422,381,403]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bates" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="20150215" refId="ref35763" refString="Bates KT, Falkingham PL, Macaulay S, Brassey C, Maidment SC. 2015. Downsizing a giant: re-evaluating Dreadnoughtus body mass. Biology Letters 11: 20150215." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis box="[300,348,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bates" box="[434,489,381,403]" firstAuthor="Bates" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="150636" refId="ref35795" refString="Bates KT, Mannion PD, Falkingham PL, Brusatte SL, Hutchinson JR, Otero A, Sellers WI, Sullivan C, Stevens KA, Allen V. 2016. Temporal and phylogenetic evolution of the sauropod dinosaur body plan. Royal Society Open Science 3: 150636." type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In particular,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campione & Evans" firstAuthor="Campione" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="60" refId="ref36649" refString="Campione NE, Evans DC. 2012. A universal scaling relationship between body mass and proximal limb bone dimensions in quadrupedal terrestrial tetrapods. BMC Biology 10: 60." type="journal article" year="2012">Campione & Evans (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested a new scaling method to relate stylopodial circumferences with body mass (BM), using the humeral and femoral circumferences (
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[170,211,504,525]" name="Switzerland" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">CH</collectingCountry>
|
||
and F, respectively) of different quadrupedal taxa. Thus, applying that scaling equation (i.e. logBM = 2.754 × logCH + F − 1.097) for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[610,779,565,586]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[610,779,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
recovers a body mass of
|
||
<quantity box="[484,605,596,617]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="t" value="23.0">23 tonnes</quantity>
|
||
(±
|
||
<quantity box="[642,773,596,618]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="t" value="5.9">5.9 tonnes</quantity>
|
||
, considering the mean percentage prediction error calculated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campione & Evans" box="[325,622,657,679]" firstAuthor="Campione" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="60" refId="ref36649" refString="Campione NE, Evans DC. 2012. A universal scaling relationship between body mass and proximal limb bone dimensions in quadrupedal terrestrial tetrapods. BMC Biology 10: 60." type="journal article" year="2012">Campione & Evans, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is an estimate similar to other giant neosauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Benson" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Benson" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="1001853" refId="ref35846" refString="Benson RB, Campione NE, Carrano MT, Mannion PD, Sullivan C, Upchurch P, Evans DC. 2014. Rates of dinosaur body mass evolution indicate 170 million years of sustained ecological innovation on the avian stem lineage. PLoS Biology 12: e 1001853." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Benson
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,226,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), such as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="von Huene, 1929" authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1929" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Antarctosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[436,627,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Antarctosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene" firstAuthor="von Huene" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="1 - 196" refId="ref39348" refString="von Huene F. 1929. Los saurisquios y ornitisquios del Cretaceo Argentino. Anales del Museo de La Plata, Seccion Paleontologia 2: 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1929">von Huene, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[235,350,749,770]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="t" value="23.0">23 tonnes</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hocknull et al., 2009" authorityName="Hocknull" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Diamantinasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[370,591,750,771]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Diamantinasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hocknull" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hocknull" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="6190" refId="ref39304" refString="Hocknull SA, White MA, Tischler TR, Cook AG, Calleja ND, Sloan T, Elliott DA. 2009. New mid-Cretaceous (latest Albian) dinosaurs from Winton, Queensland, Australia. PLoS One 4: e 6190." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Hocknull
|
||
<emphasis box="[714,773,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[239,361,780,801]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="t" value="23.0">23 tonnes</quantity>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Peterson & Gilmore, 1902" authorityName="Peterson & Gilmore" authorityYear="1902" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Apatosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[384,631,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Apatosaurus parvus</emphasis>
|
||
Peterson & Gilmore, 1902
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[353,472,811,832]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.4" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="t" value="24.0">24 tonnes</quantity>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1977" authorityName="Borsuk-Bialynicka" authorityYear="1977" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Opisthocoelicaudia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[546,779,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Opisthocoelicaudia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borsuk-Bialynicka" box="[163,481,841,863]" firstAuthor="Borsuk-Bialynicka" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="5 - 64" refId="ref36375" refString="Borsuk-Bialynicka M. 1977. A new camarasaurid sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii gen. n., sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologica Polonica 37: 5 - 64." type="journal article" year="1977">Borsuk-Białynicka, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[502,629,841,863]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="t" value="25.0">25 tonnes</quantity>
|
||
). Moreover, the new estimation results in
|
||
<quantity box="[544,640,872,894]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="kg" value="3000.0">3000 kg</quantity>
|
||
more than (> 15%) the body mass value given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Benson" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Benson" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="1001853" refId="ref35846" refString="Benson RB, Campione NE, Carrano MT, Mannion PD, Sullivan C, Upchurch P, Evans DC. 2014. Rates of dinosaur body mass evolution indicate 170 million years of sustained ecological innovation on the avian stem lineage. PLoS Biology 12: e 1001853." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Benson
|
||
<emphasis box="[719,779,902,924]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, which is based on the deformed, and thus smaller, right femur
|
||
<emphasis box="[401,631,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">MCF-PVPH-233/17</emphasis>
|
||
. In contrast, the new estimate of body mass is much lower than the colossal lognkosaurian
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carballido et al., 2017" authorityName="Carballido" authorityYear="2017" class="Reptilia" genus="Patagotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[499,640,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Patagotitan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="20171219" refId="ref37000" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Otero A, Cerda IA, Salgado L, Garrido AC, Krause JM. 2017. A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284: 20171219." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,225,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[318,438,1056,1078]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="t" value="69.0">69 tonnes</quantity>
|
||
), the derived titanosaurian
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lacovara et al., 2014" authorityName="Lacovara" authorityYear="2014" box="[163,576,1086,1108]" class="Reptilia" genus="Dreadnoughtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,339,1086,1107]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Dreadnoughtus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lacovara" box="[344,576,1086,1108]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lacovara" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="6196" refId="ref39870" refString="Lacovara KJ, Lamanna MC, Ibiricu LM, Poole JC, Schroeter ER, Ullmann PV, Voegele KK, Boles ZM, Carter AM, Fowler EK, Egerton VM, Moyer AM, Coughenour CL, Schein JP, Harris JD, Martinez RD, Novas FE. 2014. A gigantic, exceptionally complete titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from southern Patagonia, Argentina. Scientific Reports 4: 6196." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Lacovara
|
||
<emphasis box="[455,510,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[589,699,1086,1108]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="t" value="59.0">59 tonnes</quantity>
|
||
) or the basal lognkosaurian
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Calvo et al., 2007" authorityName="Calvo" authorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Futalognkosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[413,628,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Futalognkosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Calvo" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Calvo" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="471 - 483" refId="ref36588" refString="Calvo JO, Porfiri JD, Novas FE. 2007. Discovery of a new ornithopod dinosaur from the Portezuelo Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Arquivos Museu Nacional 65: 471 - 483." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Calvo
|
||
<emphasis box="[713,772,1117,1139]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[235,350,1148,1169]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="t" value="38.0">38 tonnes</quantity>
|
||
), but significantly much larger than other Patagonian taxa, such as the basal titanosaurian
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Powell, 1990" authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1990" box="[163,556,1209,1231]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Epachthosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,374,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Epachthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
Powell, 1990
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[579,710,1209,1230]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="t" value="13.0">13 tonnes</quantity>
|
||
), the rebbachisaurids
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carballido et al., 2012" authorityName="Carballido" authorityYear="2012" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Comahuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[368,563,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Comahuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="631 - 654" refId="ref37102" refString="Carballido JL, Salgado L, Pol D, Canudo JI, Garrido A. 2012. A new basal rebbachisaurid (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea) from the Early Cretaceous of the Neuquen Basin; evolution and biogeography of the group. Historical Biology 24: 631 - 654." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[710,772,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Salgado et al., 2004" authorityName="Salgado" authorityYear="2004" box="[272,647,1270,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Limaysaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[272,422,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Limaysaurus</emphasis>
|
||
Salgado
|
||
<emphasis box="[525,573,1270,1292]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2004
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[661,771,1270,1291]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.2" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="t" value="12.0">12 tonnes</quantity>
|
||
) or the derived lithostrotians
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Powell, 1992" authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1992" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Neuquensaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[504,687,1302,1323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Neuquensaurus</emphasis>
|
||
Powell, 1992
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[230,347,1332,1354]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="6.1" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="t" value="6.1">6.1 tonnes</quantity>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Bonaparte & Powell, 1980" authorityName="Bonaparte & Powell" authorityYear="1980" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[406,545,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Saltasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte & Powell" firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref36256" refString="Bonaparte JF, Powell JE. 1980. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda - Coelurosauria - Carnosauria - Aves). Memoire de la Societe Geologique de France 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte & Powell, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[229,349,1362,1384]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="5.8" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="t" value="5.8">5.8 tonnes</quantity>
|
||
). In contrast, the estimate recovered by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[163,423,1393,1415]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="20171219" refId="ref37000" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Otero A, Cerda IA, Salgado L, Garrido AC, Krause JM. 2017. A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284: 20171219." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[289,346,1393,1415]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Del Corro" authorityYear="1975" box="[469,640,1393,1414]" class="Reptilia" genus="Chubutisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[469,640,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Chubutisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[655,767,1393,1414]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.9" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" unit="t" value="29.0">29 tonnes</quantity>
|
||
), suggests that different large-sized somphospondylans lived in different basins of south-western Gondwana, at least during the latest Early Cretaceous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[145,1426,1757,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">
|
||
E,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Borsuk-Bialynicka" authorityYear="1977" box="[173,372,1757,1779]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Opisthocoelicaudia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[173,372,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Opisthocoelicaudia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[582,744,1757,1779]" class="Reptilia" genus="Dreadnoughtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[582,744,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Dreadnoughtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MPM-PV-1156; G,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[943,1088,1757,1779]" class="Reptilia" family="Nemegtosauridae" genus="Tapuiasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[943,1088,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Tapuiasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MZSP-PV-807; H,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salgado & Carvalho" authorityYear="2008" box="[1285,1425,1757,1779]" class="Reptilia" genus="Uberabatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1285,1425,1757,1779]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Uberabatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
CPP-1109-UrHo; I,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="ANS" authorityName="ANS" box="[354,529,1786,1808]" class="Reptilia" family="Dicraeosauridae" genus="Suuwassea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[354,473,1786,1808]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Suuwassea</emphasis>
|
||
<accessionNumber box="[479,529,1786,1808]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/ANS21122" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">ANS</accessionNumber>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
21122; J,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[637,761,1786,1808]" class="Reptilia" genus="Patagotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[637,761,1786,1808]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Patagotitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MPEF-PV-3400/24; K,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="ML" authorityName="ML" box="[1010,1094,1786,1808]" genus="Zby" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1010,1050,1786,1808]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">Zby</emphasis>
|
||
ML
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra
|
||
<emphasis box="[444,661,1815,1837]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">MCF-PVPH-233/02</emphasis>
|
||
(L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae
|
||
<emphasis box="[1043,1260,1815,1837]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">MCF-PVPH-233/03</emphasis>
|
||
(M) and MCF-PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Riga" box="[350,630,1874,1896]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" pagination="1 - 42" refId="ref38675" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ, Lamanna MC, Otero A, Ortiz David LD, Kellner AW, Ibiricu LM. 2019. An overview of the appendicular skeletal anatomy of South American titanosaurian sauropods, with definition of a newly recognized clade. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 91: 1 - 42. doi: https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0001 - 3765201920180374" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
González Riga
|
||
<emphasis box="[507,559,1874,1896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Not to scale. Scale bar:
|
||
<quantity box="[885,946,1874,1896]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="1341" unit="cm" value="10.0">10 cm</quantity>
|
||
in L–N.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campione" box="[187,387,1516,1538]" firstAuthor="Campione" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="693 - 699" refId="ref36629" refString="Campione NE. 2017. Extrapolating body masses in large terrestrial vertebrates. Paleobiology 43: 693 - 699." type="journal article" year="2017">Campione (2017)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed a new quadratic model to mitigate the overestimation of body mass (between 10 and 20%) that occurs when the scaling models are applied, especially to very large extinct vertebrates, such as giant sauropods.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[163,780,197,1905]" lastBlockId="9.[827,1444,197,679]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">
|
||
Three-dimensional skeletal reconstructions are now also widely used to approximate the body volume of different sauropod taxa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sellers" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sellers" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="842 - 845" refId="ref42970" refString="Sellers WI, Hepworth-Bell J, Falkingham PL, Bates KT, Brassey CA, Egerton VM, Manning PL. 2012. Minimum convex hull mass estimations of complete mounted skeletons. Biology Letters 8: 842 - 845." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Sellers
|
||
<emphasis box="[708,772,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bates" box="[231,429,1761,1783]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bates" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="20150215" refId="ref35763" refString="Bates KT, Falkingham PL, Macaulay S, Brassey C, Maidment SC. 2015. Downsizing a giant: re-evaluating Dreadnoughtus body mass. Biology Letters 11: 20150215." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis box="[304,353,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bates" box="[443,498,1761,1783]" firstAuthor="Bates" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="150636" refId="ref35795" refString="Bates KT, Mannion PD, Falkingham PL, Brusatte SL, Hutchinson JR, Otero A, Sellers WI, Sullivan C, Stevens KA, Allen V. 2016. Temporal and phylogenetic evolution of the sauropod dinosaur body plan. Royal Society Open Science 3: 150636." type="journal article" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[511,764,1761,1783]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="20171219" refId="ref37000" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Otero A, Cerda IA, Salgado L, Garrido AC, Krause JM. 2017. A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284: 20171219." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[639,696,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), representing an alternative model to the scaling and quadratic approaches when the femoral and humeral circumferences are not available. However, volumetric analyses are clearly subject to different uncertainties related to the amount of reconstructed soft tissue (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campione & Evans" box="[835,1120,227,249]" firstAuthor="Campione" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="60" refId="ref36649" refString="Campione NE, Evans DC. 2012. A universal scaling relationship between body mass and proximal limb bone dimensions in quadrupedal terrestrial tetrapods. BMC Biology 10: 60." type="journal article" year="2012">Campione & Evans, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[1132,1380,227,249]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="20171219" refId="ref37000" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Otero A, Cerda IA, Salgado L, Garrido AC, Krause JM. 2017. A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284: 20171219." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[1258,1313,227,249]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and large discrepancies from the scaling model have been detected for several sauropod body mass estimations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bates" box="[835,1030,319,341]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bates" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="20150215" refId="ref35763" refString="Bates KT, Falkingham PL, Macaulay S, Brassey C, Maidment SC. 2015. Downsizing a giant: re-evaluating Dreadnoughtus body mass. Biology Letters 11: 20150215." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Bates
|
||
<emphasis box="[907,963,319,341]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[1043,1293,319,341]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="20171219" refId="ref37000" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Otero A, Cerda IA, Salgado L, Garrido AC, Krause JM. 2017. A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284: 20171219." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[1169,1225,319,341]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[827,1444,197,679]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">
|
||
It is important to account for the limitations of each chosen model, especially when the resulting body mass is used to reconstruct palaeobiological properties or make comparisons amongst different taxa to analyse palaeoecological implications. Although an exhaustive body mass estimation of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1122,1296,503,524]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1122,1296,503,524]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not the aim of the present contribution, the new material here described allows a more accurate body mass approximation to be made than previously possible, providing new data on the sauropod faunal composition of the Cerro de los Leones ecosystem during the Albian.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[827,1184,735,759]" box="[827,1184,735,759]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1184,735,759]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Description and comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[827,1444,776,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1019,776,798]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">
|
||
Teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[905,976,776,797]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Figs 6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[989,1003,776,797]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[144,222,1642,1664]" captionTargetBox="[305,1266,197,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-86@12.[303,1266,196,1603]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. A, detail ofthe microwear pattern on the apicalwear facet of the maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. Most of the pits and coarse grooves are evident with a binocular microscope (α) on the dentine exposed surface, whereas the scanning electron photomicrographs (β, γ, δ and ε) show abundant fine scars in both the enamel and dentine surfaces. Abbreviations: g, coarse groove; p, pit; s, fine scar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381054/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">7</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The only cranial elements referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[856,1027,806,827]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[856,1027,806,827]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are represented by teeth, including one block with a set of ten elements partly included in the matrix (
|
||
<emphasis box="[964,1193,868,889]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">MCF-PVPH-233/01</emphasis>
|
||
) and one isolated but nearly complete tooth (MCF-PVPH-744).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[827,1444,776,1902]" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">
|
||
With respect to
|
||
<emphasis box="[1040,1274,929,950]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">MCF-PVPH-233/01</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1290,1375,929,951]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), this element was considered as a poorly preserved right maxilla in the original description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[1378,1436,990,1012]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, we consider
|
||
<emphasis box="[1172,1408,1021,1042]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">MCF-PVPH-233/01</emphasis>
|
||
as new evidence of isolated tooth rows (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1265,1330,1052,1073]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiersma & Sander" firstAuthor="Wiersma" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="145 - 161" refId="ref44128" refString="Wiersma K, Sander M. 2016. The dentition of a wellpreserved specimen of Camarasaurus sp.: implications for function, tooth replacement, soft part reconstruction, and food intake. PalZ 91: 145 - 161." type="journal article" year="2016">Wiersma & Sander, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), an exceptional preservation condition of tooth sets recorded in some dinosaur specimens, especially sauropods. Following
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiersma & Sander" firstAuthor="Wiersma" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="145 - 161" refId="ref44128" refString="Wiersma K, Sander M. 2016. The dentition of a wellpreserved specimen of Camarasaurus sp.: implications for function, tooth replacement, soft part reconstruction, and food intake. PalZ 91: 145 - 161." type="journal article" year="2016">Wiersma & Sander (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, this condition is likely to be related to the presence of a sort of connective tissue that allows preservation of several teeth in anatomical arrangement in spite of loss of mandibular or dentary bone tissue during the diagenetic process, as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[827,998,1328,1349]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Europasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,998,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Europasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[1014,1161,1328,1349]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1014,1161,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin, Buffetaut & Suteethorn" authorityYear="1994" box="[1225,1442,1328,1349]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1225,1442,1328,1349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Phuwiangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buffetaut & Suteethorn" box="[835,1195,1358,1380]" firstAuthor="Buffetaut" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="13 - 23" refId="ref36410" refString="Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V. 1999. The dinosaur fauna of the Sao Khua Formation of Thailand and the beginning of the Cretaceous radiation of dinosaurs in Asia. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 150: 13 - 23." type="journal article" year="1999">Buffetaut & Suteethorn, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sander" box="[1210,1436,1358,1380]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sander" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" pagination="739 - 741" refId="ref42812" refString="Sander M, Mateus O, Laven T, Knotschke N. 2006. Bone histology indicates insular dwarfism in a new Late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur. Nature 441: 739 - 741." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Sander
|
||
<emphasis box="[1304,1364,1358,1380]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kosch" box="[827,1026,1389,1411]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Kosch" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342" refId="ref39666" refString="Kosch J, Schwarz-Wings D, Fritsch G, Issever A. 2014. Tooth replacement and dentition in Giraffatitan brancai. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Programs and Abstracts 162. Available at: https: // www. researchgate. net / profile / Jens- Kosch / publication / 268147102 _ TOOTH _ REPLACEMENT _ AND _ DENTITION _ IN _ GIRAFFATITAN _ BRANCAI / links / 5467 a 4690 cf 20 dedafcf 5095 / TOOTH-REPLACEMENT- AND-DENTITION-IN-GIRAFFATITAN-BRANCAI. pdf" type="journal volume" year="2014">
|
||
Kosch
|
||
<emphasis box="[903,959,1389,1411]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[827,1444,776,1902]" lastBlockId="10.[145,762,1481,1901]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="1343" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">
|
||
<emphasis box="[851,1085,1420,1441]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">MCF-PVPH-233/01</emphasis>
|
||
includes ten functional teeth, many of which preserve parts of roots and crowns in lingual view, and a few indeterminate fragments that probably represent remains of other teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1343,1428,1512,1534]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, owing to the poor preservational conditions, it is difficult to discern whether these fragments belong to other functional teeth or replacement teeth. For descriptive purposes, the teeth are numbered from one through ten, from left (anterior) to right (posterior) in lingual view. The teeth are almost equally spaced and in a parallel arrangement, and the apical portions of teeth 3, 5, 6 and 7 are exposed in both lingual and labial views (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[835,912,1788,1810]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, the isolated tooth MCF-PVPH-744 is almost complete and well preserved, although it lacks much of the root and part of the enamel surface on most of the labial face (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1148,1265,1880,1902]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="1342">Fig. 6B–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Comparisons with complete and well-preserved tooth rows of other neosauropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Cope, 1877" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1877" box="[380,706,1511,1533]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[380,560,1512,1533]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cope" box="[571,706,1511,1532]" firstAuthor="Cope" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="193 - 196" refId="ref37467" refString="Cope ED. 1877. On reptilian remains from the Dakota beds of Colorado. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17: 193 - 196." type="journal article" year="1877">Cope, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[145,285,1542,1563]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,285,1542,1563]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cope" box="[299,425,1542,1563]" firstAuthor="Cope" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="193 - 196" refId="ref37467" refString="Cope ED. 1877. On reptilian remains from the Dakota beds of Colorado. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17: 193 - 196." type="journal article" year="1877">Cope, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[439,616,1542,1564]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiersma & Sander" firstAuthor="Wiersma" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="145 - 161" refId="ref44128" refString="Wiersma K, Sander M. 2016. The dentition of a wellpreserved specimen of Camarasaurus sp.: implications for function, tooth replacement, soft part reconstruction, and food intake. PalZ 91: 145 - 161." type="journal article" year="2016">Wiersma & Sander, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where the wear facet is on the lingual facet (i.e. the concave surface) and a lingual groove is located mesially (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith & Dodson" box="[336,584,1634,1656]" firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref43123" refString="Smith JB, Dodson P. 2003. A proposal for a standard terminology of anatomical notation and orientation in fossil vertebrate dentitions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2003">Smith & Dodson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we tentatively consider
|
||
<emphasis box="[248,478,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">MCF-PVPH-233/01</emphasis>
|
||
as right maxillary teeth and MCF-PVPH-744 as a left maxillary tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" startId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" targetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[145,1425,1292,1432]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,250,1292,1314]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[753,993,1293,1315]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[753,993,1293,1315]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix
|
||
<emphasis box="[563,772,1322,1344]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">MCF-PVPH-233/01</emphasis>
|
||
in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth
|
||
<emphasis box="[1254,1425,1322,1344]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">MCF-PVPH-744</emphasis>
|
||
in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[145,762,1481,1901]" lastBlockId="10.[809,1426,1481,1901]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[202,372,1726,1747]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[202,372,1726,1747]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the teeth are broad crowned and of the brachiosaurid
|
||
<typeStatus box="[384,434,1757,1778]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[450,514,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barrett & Upchurch" firstAuthor="Barrett" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="125 - 156" refId="ref35687" refString="Barrett PM, Upchurch P. 2005. Sauropodomorph diversity through time. In: Curry Rogers KA, Wilson JA, eds. The sauropods evolution and paleobiology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 125 - 156." type="book chapter" year="2005">Barrett & Upchurch, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as in several Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Romer" authorityYear="1956" box="[634,755,1787,1808]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[634,755,1787,1808]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Azuma & Shibata, 2010" authorityName="Azuma & Shibata" authorityYear="2010" box="[145,591,1818,1840]" class="Reptilia" genus="Fukuititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,279,1818,1839]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">Fukuititan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Azuma & Shibata" box="[289,591,1818,1840]" firstAuthor="Azuma" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="454 - 462" refId="ref35560" refString="Azuma Y, Shibata M. 2010. Fukuititan nipponensis, a new titanosauriform sauropod from the Early Cretaceous Tetori Group of Fukui Prefecture, Japan. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 84: 454 - 462." type="journal article" year="2010">Azuma & Shibata, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[609,760,1818,1839]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[609,760,1818,1839]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Wedel, Cifelli & Sanders, 2000" authorityName="Wedel, Cifelli & Sanders" authorityYear="2000" box="[198,754,1849,1871]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[198,375,1849,1870]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wedel MJ & Cifelli RL & Sanders RK" box="[384,754,1849,1871]" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="109 - 114" refId="ref43913" refString="Wedel MJ, Cifelli RL, Sanders RK. 2000 a. A Sauroposeidon proteles, a new sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of Oklahoma. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 109 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">Wedel, Cifelli & Sanders, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[145,337,1879,1901]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[355,489,1879,1901]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wilson & Upchurch, 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Azuma & Shibata" box="[875,1146,1481,1503]" firstAuthor="Azuma" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="454 - 462" refId="ref35560" refString="Azuma Y, Shibata M. 2010. Fukuititan nipponensis, a new titanosauriform sauropod from the Early Cretaceous Tetori Group of Fukui Prefecture, Japan. Acta Geologica Sinica - English Edition 84: 454 - 462." type="journal article" year="2010">Azuma & Shibata, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The root is elliptical in cross-section and slightly compressed labiolingually, whereas the crown is ‘cone-chisel-like’ (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1278,1343,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Calvo" firstAuthor="Calvo" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="183 - 193" refId="ref36476" refString="Calvo JO. 1994. Jaw mechanics in sauropod dinosaurs. Gaia 10: 183 - 193." type="journal article" year="1994">Calvo, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the crown is D-shaped in crosssection, whereby the labial surface is mesiodistally convex and the lingual face is straight to slightly concave in distal view, as in most of Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" box="[818,1095,1695,1717]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[1111,1373,1695,1717]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[1239,1300,1695,1717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In labial view, the mesial and distal margins of the root are straight and parallel, without a mesiodistal expansion to the cervix (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith & Dodson" box="[1124,1408,1787,1809]" firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref43123" refString="Smith JB, Dodson P. 2003. A proposal for a standard terminology of anatomical notation and orientation in fossil vertebrate dentitions. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2003">Smith & Dodson, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), whereas the mesial margin of the crown is inclined distally, resulting in the the apex being directed slightly anterior (see tooth
|
||
<quantity box="[1122,1165,1879,1901]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1172,1254,1879,1901]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="1343">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">
|
||
In the lingual face of MCF-PCPV-744, a smooth cingular cusp (cc;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[366,447,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Fig. 6F</figureCitation>
|
||
) is present at the base of the distal margin of the crown. This bulbous prominence is similar to the cingular cusps seen in Yongjinglong (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Li" box="[171,328,320,342]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Li" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="85979" refId="ref40066" refString="Li LG, Li DQ, You HL, Dodson P. 2014. A new titanosaurian sauropod from the Hekou Group (Lower Cretaceous) of the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin, Gansu Province, China. PLoS One 9: e 85979." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Li
|
||
<emphasis box="[203,260,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), some mamenchisaurids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moore" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Moore" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="1299 - 1393" refId="ref41278" refString="Moore AJ, Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Clark JM, Xing X. 2020. Osteology of Klamelisaurus gobiensis (Dinosauria, Eusauropoda) and the evolutionary history of Middle - Late Jurassic Chinese sauropods. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 18: 1299 - 1393." type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Moore
|
||
<emphasis box="[716,773,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Osborn" authorityYear="1924" box="[247,400,351,372]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Asiatosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[247,400,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Asiatosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’ (nomen dubium;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn" box="[614,770,350,372]" firstAuthor="Osborn" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="1 - 7" refId="ref41399" refString="Osborn HF. 1924. Sauropoda and Theropoda of the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 128: 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1924">Osborn, 1924</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Wilson & Upchurch, 2009)" baseAuthorityName="Wilson & Upchurch" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[217,686,381,403]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[217,343,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
(Wilson & Upchurch, 2009)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in some sauropods from La Cantalera and Galve in Spain and from the Yixian Formation in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[543,612,442,464]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Canudo" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="443 - 452" refId="ref36768" refString="Canudo JI, Ruiz Omenaca JI, Barco JL, Royo Torres R. 2002.? Sauropodos asiaticos en el Barremiense (Cretacico Inferior) de Espana? Ameghiniana 39: 443 - 452." type="journal article" year="2002">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis box="[719,773,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2002
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barrett & Wang" box="[234,479,473,495]" firstAuthor="Barrett" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="265 - 271" refId="ref35728" refString="Barrett PM, Wang X. 2007. Basal titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China. Palaeoworld 16: 265 - 271." type="journal article" year="2007">Barrett & Wang, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The amount, morphology and position of the cingular cusps varies among these forms and is likely to depend on the ontogenetic stage of the specimen (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barrett & Wang" box="[353,600,565,587]" firstAuthor="Barrett" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="265 - 271" refId="ref35728" refString="Barrett PM, Wang X. 2007. Basal titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China. Palaeoworld 16: 265 - 271." type="journal article" year="2007">Barrett & Wang, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Consequently, the presence of the cingular cusp on the lingual surface of the maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744, but not in
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,393,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">MCF-PVPH-233/01</emphasis>
|
||
, depends on the poorly preserved conditions of the maxillary teeth or on different ontogenetic stages amongst
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[481,650,718,739]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[481,650,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">
|
||
On the lingual face of tooth 4 and in MCF-PVPH-744, an apicobasally directed mesial groove is well marked along the apical half of the crown (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[615,706,810,832]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The mesial groove is slightly deeper apicomesially and is bounded apically by the wear facet. In contrast, labial grooves, lingual ridges and carinae are not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[195,370,933,954]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[195,370,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The enamel surface is rough and wrinkled, with several small grooves and ridges, often oriented parallel to the main axis of the tooth. These grooves and ridges are more clearly marked on the labial and lingual faces, where there are no signs of wear. Contrary to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" page="367" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[633,695,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006: 367)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, pseudodenticles and apical wear facets are not observed in
|
||
<emphasis box="[300,528,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">MCF-PVPH-233/01</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">
|
||
In MCF-PVPH-744, two wear facets are present: an apical teardrop-shaped wear facet and a marginal wear facet on the mesial margin of the tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[608,716,1240,1262]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Fig. 6B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The apical wear facet is composed of a wide, rounded distal portion and a labiolingually compressed and commalike segment on the mesial margin of the apex. In the mesiodistal view, the apical wear facet is lingually inclined, forming an angle> 45° to the long axis of the tooth (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Fig. 6E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tooth was worn down apically, hence the dentine is widely exposed in the apical wear facet. Furthermore, the enamel presents a differential thickness in apical view, being slightly thicker in the labial and lingual faces than in the distal margin (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[389,465,1546,1568]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[163,780,197,1905]" lastBlockId="11.[827,1444,198,1354]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">
|
||
In the apical portion of MCF-PVPH-744, scanning electron microscopy images of the microwear surface show that both enamel and dentine surfaces are altered by several pits, fine scars and coarse grooves (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[171,233,1700,1722]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[144,222,1642,1664]" captionTargetBox="[305,1266,197,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-86@12.[303,1266,196,1603]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. A, detail ofthe microwear pattern on the apicalwear facet of the maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. Most of the pits and coarse grooves are evident with a binocular microscope (α) on the dentine exposed surface, whereas the scanning electron photomicrographs (β, γ, δ and ε) show abundant fine scars in both the enamel and dentine surfaces. Abbreviations: g, coarse groove; p, pit; s, fine scar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381054/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pits are represented by small and rounded perforations that are mostly distributed in the distal portion of the apical wear facet (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[542,607,1761,1783]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[144,222,1642,1664]" captionTargetBox="[305,1266,197,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-86@12.[303,1266,196,1603]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. A, detail ofthe microwear pattern on the apicalwear facet of the maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. Most of the pits and coarse grooves are evident with a binocular microscope (α) on the dentine exposed surface, whereas the scanning electron photomicrographs (β, γ, δ and ε) show abundant fine scars in both the enamel and dentine surfaces. Abbreviations: g, coarse groove; p, pit; s, fine scar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381054/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
α). In contrast, the fine scars are widely cross-linked and recorded in the major part of the apical surface of the tooth, whereas the coarse grooves are represented by deeper and elongated scars, which are more abundant on the distal portion of the apical wear facet (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1272,1336,198,220]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[144,222,1642,1664]" captionTargetBox="[305,1266,197,1601]" captionTargetId="figure-86@12.[303,1266,196,1603]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. A, detail ofthe microwear pattern on the apicalwear facet of the maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. Most of the pits and coarse grooves are evident with a binocular microscope (α) on the dentine exposed surface, whereas the scanning electron photomicrographs (β, γ, δ and ε) show abundant fine scars in both the enamel and dentine surfaces. Abbreviations: g, coarse groove; p, pit; s, fine scar." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381054/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
α, β). The coarse grooves are oriented mesiodistally in the lingual portion, whereas they are shorter, deeper and directed labiolingually in the labial half of the apical wear facet. The microwear pattern of MCF-PVPH-744 is consistent with that known in other Titanosauriformes with ‘cone-chisel-like’ teeth (e.g. cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wilson & Upchurch" baseAuthorityYear="2009" box="[1171,1291,382,403]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1171,1291,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[1304,1442,382,403]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1304,1442,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wedel, Cifelli & Sanders" authorityYear="2000" box="[878,1048,413,434]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[878,1048,413,434]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[1061,1238,413,435]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Barrett & Wang" firstAuthor="Barrett" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="265 - 271" refId="ref35728" refString="Barrett PM, Wang X. 2007. Basal titanosauriform (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) teeth from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province, China. Palaeoworld 16: 265 - 271." type="journal article" year="2007">Barrett & Wang, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[895,1016,443,465]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), where a ‘tooth-to-food’ attrition and a combination of ortal and propalinal jaw movements would have caused the teardrop-shaped apical wear facet and the cross-linked scars and grooves (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitlock" firstAuthor="Whitlock" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="165" refId="ref44043" refString="Whitlock JA. 2007. Dietary inferences from studies of skull shape and enamel microwear in diplodocoid sauropods. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27: 165 A." type="journal article" year="2007">Whitlock, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[827,1444,198,1354]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">
|
||
A smooth and apicobasally oriented marginal wear facet is present on the mesial margin of the lingual surface of the crown (mwf;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1138,1249,658,680]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Fig. 6E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In mesial view, a gently prominent step divides the wider apical half of the mesial wear facet from the slightly deeper basal half. In the marginal wear facet, the enamel surface is smooth, with no dentine exposed. Considering its basal position, the marginal wear facet is here considered as a result of ‘tooth-to-tooth’ attrition between teeth of opposite jaws (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garcia & Cerda" box="[1081,1339,872,894]" firstAuthor="Garcia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="335 - 346" refId="ref38416" refString="Garcia RA, Cerda IA. 2010. Dentition and histology in titanosaurian dinosaur embryos from Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. Palaeontology 53: 335 - 346." type="journal article" year="2010">García & Cerda, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gallina & Apesteguia" firstAuthor="Gallina" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="45 - 60" refId="ref38226" refString="Gallina PA, Apesteguia S. 2011. Cranial anatomy and phylogenetic position of the titanosaurian sauropod Bonitasaura salgadoi. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56: 45 - 60." type="journal article" year="2011">Gallina & Apesteguía, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Diez Diaz" box="[1066,1327,903,925]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Diez Diaz" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="626 - 637" refId="ref37901" refString="Diez Diaz V, Garcia G, Knoll F, Suberbiola XP, Valentin X. 2012 a. New cranial remains of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous of Fox-Amphoux- Metisson (Var, SE France). Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 123: 626 - 637." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Díez Díaz
|
||
<emphasis box="[1186,1237,903,925]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2012a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Diez Diaz V & Tortosa T & Le Loeuff J" box="[1368,1437,903,925]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="119 - 129" refId="ref38127" refString="Diez Diaz V, Tortosa T, Le Loeuff J. 2013 b. Sauropod diversity in the Late Cretaceous of southwestern Europe: the lessons of odontology. Annales de Paleontologie 99: 119 - 129." type="journal article" year="2013">2013b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Diez Diaz V & Ortega F & Sanz JL" box="[827,881,934,955]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="285 - 291" refId="ref38011" refString="Diez Diaz V, Ortega F, Sanz JL. 2014. Titanosaurian teeth from the Upper Cretaceous of ' Lo Hueco' (Cuenca, Spain). Cretaceous Research 51: 285 - 291." type="journal article" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This condition suggests some degree of tooth row overlapping in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1007,1181,964,985]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1007,1181,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, as in sauropods with only one of either the mesial or distal facet extending along the margin of the crown (oblique facet tooth,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1380,1443,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Buffetaut & Suteethorn" box="[827,1180,1056,1078]" firstAuthor="Buffetaut" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="151 - 159" refId="ref36451" refString="Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V. 2004. Comparative odontology of sauropod dinosaurs from Thailand. Revue de Paleobiologie 23: 151 - 159." type="journal article" year="2004">Buffetaut & Suteethorn, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; or tooth
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1296,1347,1057,1078]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">type</typeStatus>
|
||
3
|
||
<emphasis box="[1378,1443,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Saegusa & Tomida" box="[827,1124,1087,1109]" firstAuthor="Saegusa" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="247 - 265" refId="ref42471" refString="Saegusa H, Tomida Y. 2011. Titanosauriform teeth from the Cretaceous of Japan. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 83: 247 - 265." type="journal article" year="2011">Saegusa & Tomida, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), such as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Cabrera, 1947" authorityName="Cabrera" authorityYear="1947" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Amygdalodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1280,1443,1087,1108]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Amygdalodon</emphasis>
|
||
Cabrera, 1947
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido & Pol" box="[1000,1253,1118,1140]" firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="83 - 93" refId="ref36916" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D. 2010. The dentition of Amygdalodon patagonicus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) and the dental evolution in basal sauropods. Comptes Rendus Palevol 9: 83 - 93." type="journal article" year="2010">Carballido & Pol, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1877" box="[1274,1443,1118,1139]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1274,1443,1118,1139]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McIntosh" box="[836,1100,1148,1170]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="McIntosh" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref41108" refString="McIntosh JS, Miles CA, Cloward KC, Parker JR. 1996. A new nearly complete skeleton of Camarasaurus. Bulletin of Gunma Museum of Natural History 1: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
McIntosh
|
||
<emphasis box="[962,1024,1148,1170]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiersma & Sander" box="[1117,1427,1148,1170]" firstAuthor="Wiersma" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="145 - 161" refId="ref44128" refString="Wiersma K, Sander M. 2016. The dentition of a wellpreserved specimen of Camarasaurus sp.: implications for function, tooth replacement, soft part reconstruction, and food intake. PalZ 91: 145 - 161." type="journal article" year="2016">Wiersma & Sander, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Marpmann et al., 2015)" baseAuthorityName="Marpmann" baseAuthorityYear="2015" box="[827,1307,1179,1201]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Europasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,998,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Europasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marpmann" box="[1017,1295,1179,1201]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Marpmann" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="221263" refId="ref40644" refString="Marpmann JS, Carballido JL, Sander PM, Knotschke N. 2015. Cranial anatomy of the Late Jurassic dwarf sauropod Europasaurus holgeri (Dinosauria, Camarasauromorpha): ontogenetic changes and size dimorphism. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 13: 221263." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Marpmann
|
||
<emphasis box="[1160,1222,1179,1201]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, most nontitanosaurian Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[1290,1436,1210,1231]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1290,1436,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin, Buffetaut & Suteethorn" authorityYear="1994" box="[827,1031,1240,1261]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1031,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Phuwiangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wedel, Cifelli & Sanders" authorityYear="2000" box="[1086,1252,1240,1261]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1086,1252,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[1265,1436,1240,1262]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" box="[827,1034,1271,1293]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="1085 - 1092" refId="ref40734" refString="Martin V, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V. 1994. A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua Formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of northeastern Thailand. Comptes Rendus de l' Academie des Sciences Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planets 319: 1085 - 1092." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis box="[913,968,1271,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[1047,1167,1271,1293]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suteethorn" box="[1179,1434,1271,1293]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Suteethorn" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="189 - 215" refId="ref43294" refString="Suteethorn S, Le Loeuff J, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V, Talubmook C, Chonglakmani C. 2009. A new skeleton of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from NE Thailand. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 315: 189 - 215." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Suteethorn
|
||
<emphasis box="[1313,1368,1271,1293]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and some titanosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sanz et al., 1999" authorityName="Sanz" authorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Lirainosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1200,1373,1302,1323]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Lirainosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sanz" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sanz" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="235 - 255" refId="ref42920" refString="Sanz JL, Powell JE, Le Loeuff J, Martinez R, Pereda Suberbiola X. 1999. Sauropod remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Lano (Northcentral Spain). Titanosaur phylogenetic relationships. Estudios del Museo de Ciencias Naturales de Alava 14: 235 - 255." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Sanz
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,882,1332,1354]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Diez Diaz" box="[961,1213,1332,1354]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Diez Diaz" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="265 - 274" refId="ref38047" refString="Diez Diaz V, Pereda-Suberbiola X, Sanz JL. 2012 b. Juvenile and adult teeth of the titanosaurian dinosaur Lirainosaurus (Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Iberia. Geobios 45: 265 - 274." type="journal article" year="2012" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Díez Díaz
|
||
<emphasis box="[1077,1125,1332,1354]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2012b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[827,997,1411,1435]" box="[827,997,1411,1435]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">
|
||
<heading box="[827,997,1411,1435]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,997,1411,1435]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Axial skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[827,1443,1452,1566]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1165,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">
|
||
Cervical vertebrae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1048,1151,1452,1473]" captionStart-0="Figure 8" captionStart-1="Figure 9" captionStart-2="Figure 10" captionStart-3="Figure 11" captionStartId-0="13.[162,241,1421,1443]" captionStartId-1="15.[163,241,1028,1050]" captionStartId-2="16.[145,227,1014,1036]" captionStartId-3="17.[163,242,624,646]" captionTargetBox-0="[229,1375,198,1378]" captionTargetBox-1="[227,1379,198,986]" captionTargetBox-2="[209,1361,197,971]" captionTargetBox-3="[226,1377,200,581]" captionTargetId-0="figure-199@13.[226,1378,195,1381]" captionTargetId-1="figure-414@15.[224,1382,195,989]" captionTargetId-2="figure-379@16.[206,1364,194,974]" captionTargetId-3="figure-646@17.[222,1380,197,584]" captionTargetPageId-0="13" captionTargetPageId-1="15" captionTargetPageId-2="16" captionTargetPageId-3="17" captionText-0="Figure 8. Photographs and line drawings of the middle cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/16 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; apo, accessory pneumatic opening; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvr, posteroventral ridges; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-1="Figure 9. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/01 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; pa, parapophysis; pas, posterior articular surface; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis; r?, fragment of rib. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-2="Figure 10. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-3="Figure 11. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-228/01 and MCF-PVPH-228/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) view. Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapohyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381058" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381060" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381062" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381064" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7381058/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7381060/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7381062/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7381064/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Fig. 8–11</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The preserved cervical series of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[923,1092,1482,1503]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[923,1092,1482,1503]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes three almost complete elements and three cervical centra (Supporting Information,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[976,1074,1544,1566]" captionStart="Table S" captionStartId="59.[163,233,775,796]" captionText="Table S1. List of type material of Ligabuesaurus leanzai." pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[827,1443,1598,1896]" lastBlockId="12.[809,1425,1797,1880]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="1345" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1276,1598,1620]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">
|
||
Middle cervical vertebra Cv-07? (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1199,1261,1598,1620]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[162,241,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[229,1375,198,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-199@13.[226,1378,195,1381]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs and line drawings of the middle cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/16 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; apo, accessory pneumatic opening; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvr, posteroventral ridges; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381058/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This vertebra (MCF-PVPH-261/16) preserves most of the centrum, part of the right parapophysis and both diapophyses and prezygapophyses. On the basis of the anteroventral position of the parapophyses on the centrum, the high length-to-height ratio of the centrum, the low and lateral positions of the prezygapophyses and diapophyses, and the comparisons with articulated cervical series of different neosauropod taxa (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Riggs" authorityYear="1903" box="[1189,1354,1843,1864]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1189,1354,1843,1864]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Ksepka & Norell, 2006" authorityName="Ksepka & Norell" authorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Erketu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1367,1443,1843,1864]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Erketu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ksepka & Norell" box="[827,1094,1874,1896]" firstAuthor="Ksepka" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref39800" refString="Ksepka DT, Norell MA. 2006. Erketu ellisoni, a long-necked sauropod from Bor Guve (Dornogov Aimag, Mongolia). American Museum Novitates 3508: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2006">Ksepka & Norell, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1108,1336,1874,1895]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344">Haplocanthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hatcher" firstAuthor="Hatcher" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="1345" pageId="11" pageNumber="1344" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref39144" refString="Hatcher JB. 1903. Osteology of Haplocanthosaurus with description of a new species and some remarks on the probable habits of the Sauropoda and the age and origin of the Atlantosaurus beds. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 2: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1903">Hatcher, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="You & Li, 2009" authorityName="You & Li" authorityYear="2009" box="[211,532,1797,1819]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Qiaowanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[211,361,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345">Qiaowanlong</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="You & Li" box="[367,532,1797,1819]" firstAuthor="You" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" pagination="4077 - 4082" refId="ref44691" refString="You HL, Li DQ. 2009. The first well-preserved Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaur in Asia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276: 4077 - 4082." type="journal article" year="2009">You & Li, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wedel, Cifelli & Sanders" authorityYear="2000" box="[545,712,1797,1818]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[545,712,1797,1818]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lu et al., 2013" authorityName="Lu" authorityYear="2013" box="[145,466,1828,1849]" genus="Yunmenglong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,298,1828,1849]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345">Yunmenglong</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[305,466,1828,1849]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" pagination="202 - 213" refId="ref40205" refString="Lu J, Xu L, Pu H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Jia S, Wei X. 2013. A new sauropod dinosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Cretaceous of the Ruyang Basin (central China). Cretaceous Research 44: 202 - 213." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lü
|
||
<emphasis box="[344,399,1828,1849]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hatcher" box="[479,636,1828,1850]" firstAuthor="Hatcher" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref39144" refString="Hatcher JB. 1903. Osteology of Haplocanthosaurus with description of a new species and some remarks on the probable habits of the Sauropoda and the age and origin of the Atlantosaurus beds. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 2: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1903">Hatcher, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref39532" refString="Janensch WJ. 1950. The vertebral column of Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Janensch, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wedel" box="[215,441,1858,1880]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wedel" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" pagination="109 - 114" refId="ref43913" refString="Wedel MJ, Cifelli RL, Sanders RK. 2000 a. A Sauroposeidon proteles, a new sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of Oklahoma. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 109 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Wedel
|
||
<emphasis box="[295,355,1858,1880]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, b;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ksepka & Norell" box="[485,754,1858,1880]" firstAuthor="Ksepka" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref39800" refString="Ksepka DT, Norell MA. 2006. Erketu ellisoni, a long-necked sauropod from Bor Guve (Dornogov Aimag, Mongolia). American Museum Novitates 3508: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2006">Ksepka & Norell, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ksepka & Norell" box="[809,865,1797,1818]" firstAuthor="Ksepka" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref39833" refString="Ksepka DT, Norell MA. 2010. The illusory evidence for Asian Brachiosauridae: new material of Erketu ellisoni and a phylogenetic reappraisal of basal Titanosauriformes. American Museum Novitates 3700: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2010">2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="You & Li" box="[878,1052,1797,1819]" firstAuthor="You" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" pagination="4077 - 4082" refId="ref44691" refString="You HL, Li DQ. 2009. The first well-preserved Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaur in Asia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276: 4077 - 4082." type="journal article" year="2009">You & Li, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[1066,1235,1797,1819]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" pagination="202 - 213" refId="ref40205" refString="Lu J, Xu L, Pu H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Jia S, Wei X. 2013. A new sauropod dinosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Cretaceous of the Ruyang Basin (central China). Cretaceous Research 44: 202 - 213." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lü
|
||
<emphasis box="[1106,1165,1797,1819]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we tentatively consider MCF-PVPH-261/16 as the seventh cervical vertebra of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[938,1105,1858,1879]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[938,1105,1858,1879]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381054" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381054" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381054/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" startId="12.[144,222,1642,1664]" targetBox="[305,1266,197,1601]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[144,1424,1642,1753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[144,246,1642,1664]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
A, detail of the microwear pattern on the apical wear facet of the maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1345">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Most of the pits and coarse grooves are evident with a binocular microscope (α) on the dentine exposed surface, whereas the scanning electron photomicrographs (β, γ, δ and ε) show abundant fine scars in both the enamel and dentine surfaces. Abbreviations: g, coarse groove; p, pit; s, fine scar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381058" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381058/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" startId="13.[162,241,1421,1443]" targetBox="[229,1375,198,1378]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[162,1442,1421,1590]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[162,267,1421,1443]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the middle cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/16 of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[1177,1415,1421,1443]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1177,1415,1421,1443]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; apo, accessory pneumatic opening; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvr, posteroventral ridges; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[163,780,1634,1901]" lastBlockId="14.[145,762,197,1905]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="1347" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">
|
||
The centrum is opisthocoelous and slightly wider than tall in anterior and posterior views, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,382,1695,1716]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Futalognkosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,382,1695,1716]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Futalognkosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gonzalez Riga, 2003" authorityName="Gonzalez Riga" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Mendozasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[398,587,1695,1716]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Mendozasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Riga" firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" pagination="155 - 172" refId="ref38604" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ. 2003. A new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mendoza province, Argentina. Ameghiniana 40: 155 - 172." type="journal article" year="2003">González Riga, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Novas et al., 2005" authorityName="Novas" authorityYear="2005" box="[279,655,1726,1748]" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Puertasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[279,437,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Puertasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novas" box="[445,655,1726,1748]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Novas" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" pagination="31 - 36" refId="ref41356" refString="Novas F, Salgado L, Calvo J, Agnolin F. 2005. Giant titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Nueva Serie 7: 31 - 36." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Novas
|
||
<emphasis box="[526,584,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Riga" firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" pagination="155 - 172" refId="ref38604" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ. 2003. A new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mendoza province, Argentina. Ameghiniana 40: 155 - 172." type="journal article" year="2003">González Riga, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Novas" box="[310,531,1757,1779]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Novas" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" pagination="31 - 36" refId="ref41356" refString="Novas F, Salgado L, Calvo J, Agnolin F. 2005. Giant titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Nueva Serie 7: 31 - 36." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Novas
|
||
<emphasis box="[394,456,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Calvo" box="[548,763,1757,1779]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Calvo" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" pagination="471 - 483" refId="ref36588" refString="Calvo JO, Porfiri JD, Novas FE. 2007. Discovery of a new ornithopod dinosaur from the Portezuelo Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Arquivos Museu Nacional 65: 471 - 483." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Calvo
|
||
<emphasis box="[626,688,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In ventral view, the lateral margins of the centrum are anteroposteriorly concave, hence the centrum is hourglass shaped (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[372,479,1849,1871]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[162,241,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[229,1375,198,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-199@13.[226,1378,195,1381]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs and line drawings of the middle cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/16 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; apo, accessory pneumatic opening; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvr, posteroventral ridges; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381058/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Fig. 8A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The centrum is relatively long, as reflected by the elongation index (EI = 5.25;
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,891,1635,1656]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wedel MJ & Cifelli RL & Sanders RK" box="[898,1105,1634,1656]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" pagination="109 - 114" refId="ref43913" refString="Wedel MJ, Cifelli RL, Sanders RK. 2000 a. A Sauroposeidon proteles, a new sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of Oklahoma. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 109 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Wedel
|
||
<emphasis box="[977,1035,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is one of the highest among Sauropoda (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Marsh, 1877 EI" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Apatosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1121,1276,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Apatosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marsh" box="[1287,1442,1665,1687]" firstAuthor="Marsh" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" pagination="514 - 516" refId="ref40688" refString="Marsh OC. 1877. Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic formations. American Journal of Science 3: 514 - 516." type="journal article" year="1877">Marsh, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
EI
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 3.7,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rauhut et al., 2005 EI" box="[928,1396,1696,1718]" class="Reptilia" family="Dicraeosauridae" genus="Brachytrachelopan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[928,1143,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Brachytrachelopan</emphasis>
|
||
Rauhut
|
||
<emphasis box="[1241,1288,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2005 EI
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<1,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="EI" authorityName="EI" box="[827,1051,1727,1748]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1011,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
EI
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 2.9,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Marsh, 1878 EI" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1878" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Diplodocus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1138,1275,1726,1747]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Diplodocus</emphasis>
|
||
Marsh, 1878 EI
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 4.9,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="EI" authorityName="EI" box="[939,1104,1757,1779]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[939,1065,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
EI
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 4.0 and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Young, 1954 EI" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1954" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Mamenchisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1235,1442,1757,1778]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Mamenchisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Young" box="[827,974,1788,1810]" firstAuthor="Young" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" pagination="355 - 369" refId="ref44836" refString="Young CC. 1954. On a new sauropod from Yiping, Szechuand, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 2: 355 - 369." type="journal article" year="1954">Young, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
EI
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 2.9;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McIntosh" box="[1096,1354,1788,1810]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="McIntosh" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref41108" refString="McIntosh JS, Miles CA, Cloward KC, Parker JR. 1996. A new nearly complete skeleton of Camarasaurus. Bulletin of Gunma Museum of Natural History 1: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
McIntosh
|
||
<emphasis box="[1219,1280,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wedel MJ & Cifelli RL & Sanders RK" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" pagination="109 - 114" refId="ref43913" refString="Wedel MJ, Cifelli RL, Sanders RK. 2000 a. A Sauroposeidon proteles, a new sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of Oklahoma. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 109 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Wedel
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,887,1818,1840]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whitlock" box="[974,1154,1818,1840]" firstAuthor="Whitlock" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" pagination="872 - 915" refId="ref44071" refString="Whitlock JA. 2011. A phylogenetic analysis of Diplodocoidea (Saurischia: Sauropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 872 - 915." type="journal article" year="2011">Whitlock, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor & Wedel" box="[1169,1427,1818,1840]" firstAuthor="Taylor" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" pagination="78214" refId="ref43419" refString="Taylor MP, Wedel MJ. 2013. The effect of intervertebral cartilage on neutral posture and range of motion in the necks of sauropod dinosaurs. PLoS One 8: e 78214." type="journal article" year="2013">Taylor & Wedel, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), being lower only than
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Marsh, 1890" authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1890" box="[1124,1442,1849,1871]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Barosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1124,1270,1850,1871]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Barosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marsh" box="[1283,1442,1849,1871]" firstAuthor="Marsh" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" pagination="81 - 86" refId="ref40713" refString="Marsh OC. 1890. Description of new dinosaurian reptiles. American Journal of Science 39: 81 - 86." type="journal article" year="1890">Marsh, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(EI = 5.4),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[956,1102,1880,1901]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[956,1102,1880,1901]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(EI = 5.4),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ksepka & Norell" authorityYear="2006" box="[1240,1320,1880,1901]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Erketu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1240,1320,1880,1901]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1346">Erketu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(EI = 7.0) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wedel, Cifelli & Sanders" authorityYear="2000" box="[196,367,197,218]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[196,367,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(EI = 6.1) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[499,677,197,219]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wedel MJ & Cifelli RL & Sanders RK" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="109 - 114" refId="ref43913" refString="Wedel MJ, Cifelli RL, Sanders RK. 2000 a. A Sauroposeidon proteles, a new sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of Oklahoma. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 109 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Wedel
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,203,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McIntosh" box="[287,467,228,250]" firstAuthor="McIntosh" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="38 - 77" refId="ref41071" refString="McIntosh JS. 2005. The genus Barosaurus Marsh (Sauropoda, Diplodocidae). In: Tidwell V, Carpenter K, eds. Thunderlizards. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 38 - 77." type="book chapter" year="2005">McIntosh, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ksepka & Norell" box="[480,746,228,250]" firstAuthor="Ksepka" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref39800" refString="Ksepka DT, Norell MA. 2006. Erketu ellisoni, a long-necked sauropod from Bor Guve (Dornogov Aimag, Mongolia). American Museum Novitates 3508: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2006">Ksepka & Norell, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the value of the average elongation index (aEI, asssessed as the centrum length, excluding the anterior articular ball, divided by the mean average value of the posterior articular surface width and height;
|
||
<emphasis box="[237,303,382,403]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chure" box="[312,528,381,403]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Chure" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="379 - 391" refId="ref37397" refString="Chure D, Britt BB, Whitlock JA, Wilson JA. 2010. First complete sauropod dinosaur skull from the Cretaceous of the Americas and the evolution of sauropod dentition. Naturwissenschaften 97: 379 - 391." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Chure
|
||
<emphasis box="[395,455,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) observed in MCF-PVPH-261/16 is relatively low (aEI = 2.4), as in many turiasaurians, dicraeosaurids, some rebbachisaurids and derived titanosaurians considered as short-necked sauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion" box="[284,546,504,526]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="191057" refId="ref40549" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Jin X, Zheng W. 2019 a. New information on the Cretaceous sauropod dinosaurs of Zhejiang Province, China: impact on Laurasian titanosauriform phylogeny and biogeography. Royal Society Open Science 6: 191057." type="journal article" year="2019" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis box="[399,459,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which contrasts with the EI signal. This incongruence between the EI and aEI values would depend on some
|
||
<typeStatus box="[694,759,566,587]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of diagenetic deformations of MCF-PVPH-261/16, which would have altered the cross-sectional shape of the vertebra. In this sense, the cervical centrum is strongly elongated and low in MCF-PVPH-261/16, suggesting an overestimation of the EI value, although minimal, owing to compressive lithostatic alterations. Taking into account the total length of that vertebra, we consider MCF-PVPH-261/16 to be more suitable for a long-necked than a short-necked sauropod.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[145,762,197,1905]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">
|
||
In MCF-PVPH-261/16, the ventral surface of the centrum is concave both anteroposteriorly and transversely, as in several turiasaurians, diplodocoids and Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[438,628,964,986]" firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="43 - 103" refId="ref43623" refString="Upchurch P. 1998. The phylogenetic relationships of sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 124: 43 - 103." type="journal article" year="1998">Upchurch, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,204,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, the concavity on the anterior half of the ventral surface is slightly deeper than on the posterior half. Furthermore, a pair of thin, parallel but poorly preserved ridges run anteroposteriorly on the posterior part of the centrum (pvr;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[599,682,1117,1139]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[162,241,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[229,1375,198,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-199@13.[226,1378,195,1381]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs and line drawings of the middle cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/16 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; apo, accessory pneumatic opening; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvr, posteroventral ridges; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381058/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Machado et al., 2013" authorityName="Machado" authorityYear="2013" box="[145,530,1148,1170]" class="Reptilia" genus="Brasilotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,285,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Brasilotitan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado" box="[292,530,1148,1170]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Machado" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="301 - 321" refId="ref40284" refString="Machado EB, Avilla LS, Nava WR, Campos DA, Kellner AWA. 2013. A new titanosaur sauropod from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Zootaxa 3701: 301 - 321." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Machado
|
||
<emphasis box="[404,461,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Coria et al., 2013" authorityName="Coria" authorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Aeolosauridae" genus="Overosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[544,689,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Overosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Coria" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Coria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="357 - 376" refId="ref37494" refString="Coria RA, Filippi LS, Chiappe LM, Garcia R, Arcucci AB. 2013. Overosaurus paradasorum gen. et sp. nov., a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauria: Lithostrotia) from the Late Cretaceous of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 3683: 357 - 376." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Coria
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,204,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[335,494,1178,1199]" genus="Yunmenglong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[335,494,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Yunmenglong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Coria" box="[511,714,1178,1200]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Coria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="357 - 376" refId="ref37494" refString="Coria RA, Filippi LS, Chiappe LM, Garcia R, Arcucci AB. 2013. Overosaurus paradasorum gen. et sp. nov., a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauria: Lithostrotia) from the Late Cretaceous of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 3683: 357 - 376." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Coria
|
||
<emphasis box="[584,643,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="202 - 213" refId="ref40205" refString="Lu J, Xu L, Pu H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Jia S, Wei X. 2013. A new sauropod dinosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Cretaceous of the Ruyang Basin (central China). Cretaceous Research 44: 202 - 213." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lü
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,201,1209,1231]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado" box="[281,515,1209,1231]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Machado" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="301 - 321" refId="ref40284" refString="Machado EB, Avilla LS, Nava WR, Campos DA, Kellner AWA. 2013. A new titanosaur sauropod from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Zootaxa 3701: 301 - 321." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Machado
|
||
<emphasis box="[391,447,1209,1231]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[162,241,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[229,1375,198,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-199@13.[226,1378,195,1381]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs and line drawings of the middle cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/16 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; apo, accessory pneumatic opening; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvr, posteroventral ridges; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381058/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
), on the anterior half of the centrum, an inclined and thick bone septum divides the large and deep lateral pleurocoel from a low and shallow anterior accessory pneumatic opening, as in several Neosauropoda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" box="[153,414,1362,1384]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The anterior accessory fossa is slightly compressed dorsoventrally owing to the presence of the parapophyses, which are preserved in part and placed ventrally on the anterolateral margins of the centrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[145,762,197,1905]" lastBlockId="14.[809,1426,197,1108]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">
|
||
There are fragments of the neural arch pedicels above the anterodorsal surface of the centrum and neural canal (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[311,395,1577,1599]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[162,241,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[229,1375,198,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-199@13.[226,1378,195,1381]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs and line drawings of the middle cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/16 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; apo, accessory pneumatic opening; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvr, posteroventral ridges; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381058/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal to the neural canal, a fragment of bone is tentatively referred to a ventral portion of the intraprezygapophyseal lamina (tprl;
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[162,241,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[229,1375,198,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-199@13.[226,1378,195,1381]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs and line drawings of the middle cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/16 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; apo, accessory pneumatic opening; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvr, posteroventral ridges; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381058/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The diapophyses are well preserved, being laterally projected and wider than the centrum in anterior view. In lateral view, they are located above the middle of the centrum and dorsally to the prezygapophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[155,247,1791,1813]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[162,241,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[229,1375,198,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-199@13.[226,1378,195,1381]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs and line drawings of the middle cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/16 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; apo, accessory pneumatic opening; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvr, posteroventral ridges; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381058/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Fig. 8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In cross-section, the diapophyses are rectangular, being slightly compressed dorsoventrally and extended anteroposteriorly. Ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[660,745,1853,1875]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[162,241,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[229,1375,198,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-199@13.[226,1378,195,1381]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs and line drawings of the middle cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/16 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; apo, accessory pneumatic opening; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvr, posteroventral ridges; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381058/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
), the diapophysis connects with the centrum through a robust anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina (acdl) and a shorter posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina (pcdl). A long spinodiapophyseal lamina (spdl) runs medially towards the neural spine region from the posterodorsal margin of the diapophysis, whereas a robust prezygodiapophyseal lamina (prdl) links the diapophysis with the prezygapophysis (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[162,241,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[229,1375,198,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-199@13.[226,1378,195,1381]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs and line drawings of the middle cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/16 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; apo, accessory pneumatic opening; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvr, posteroventral ridges; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381058/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In anterior view, the prezygapophyses are at the level of the dorsal margin of the condyle and are projected dorsolaterally, whereas in dorsal view they exceed the anterior surface of the centrum. The prezygapophyses are oval in cross-section, expanded transversally and slightly compressed dorsoventrally. The articular surfaces are oval and laterally concave. A spinoprezygapophyseal lamina (sprl) that runs towards the missing neural spine arises from the dorsal face of the prezygapophyses. In ventral view, the centroprezygapophyseal laminae (cprl) connect the prezygapophyses with the anterodorsal margin of the centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[920,1001,779,801]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[162,241,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[229,1375,198,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-199@13.[226,1378,195,1381]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs and line drawings of the middle cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/16 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; apo, accessory pneumatic opening; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvr, posteroventral ridges; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381058/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[809,1426,197,1108]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">
|
||
MCF-PVPH-261/16 lacks most of the neural arch, including the neural spine. However, part of the basal neural arch is preserved, fused to the centrum. The sprl and centropostzygapophyseal lamina (cpol) are arranged in ‘X’ when seen in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1295,1377,933,955]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[162,241,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox="[229,1375,198,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-199@13.[226,1378,195,1381]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Photographs and line drawings of the middle cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/16 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; apo, accessory pneumatic opening; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvr, posteroventral ridges; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381058/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in some derived titanosaurians, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1922" box="[1268,1419,963,984]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Alamosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1268,1419,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Alamosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Curry Rogers & Forster, 2001" authorityName="Curry Rogers & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[809,1368,994,1016]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rapetosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,979,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Rapetosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers & Forster" box="[990,1368,994,1015]" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="530 - 534" refId="ref37630" refString="Curry Rogers K, Forster CA. 2001. The last of the dinosaur titans: a new sauropod from Madagascar. Nature 412: 530 - 534." type="journal article" year="2001">Curry Rogers & Forster, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Salgado & Carvalho, 2008" authorityName="Salgado & Carvalho" authorityYear="2008" box="[809,1301,1025,1047]" class="Reptilia" genus="Uberabatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,971,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Uberabatitan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado & Carvalho" box="[981,1301,1025,1047]" firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="881 - 901" refId="ref42577" refString="Salgado L, Carvalho IS. 2008. Uberabatitan ribeiroi, a new titanosaur from the Marilia Formation (Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous), Minas Gerais, Brazil. Palaeontology 51: 881 - 901." type="journal article" year="2008">Salgado & Carvalho, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore" firstAuthor="Gilmore" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref38446" refString="Gilmore CW. 1922. A new sauropod dinosaur from the Ojo Alamo Formation of New Mexico. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 72: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1922">Gilmore, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lehman & Coulson" box="[878,1172,1055,1077]" firstAuthor="Lehman" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="156 - 172" refId="ref40028" refString="Lehman TM, Coulson AB. 2002. A juvenile specimen of the sauropod dinosaur Alamosaurus sanjuanensis from the Upper Cretaceous of Big Bend National Park, Texas. Journal of Paleontology 76: 156 - 172." type="journal article" year="2002">Lehman & Coulson, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado & Carvalho" firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="881 - 901" refId="ref42577" refString="Salgado L, Carvalho IS. 2008. Uberabatitan ribeiroi, a new titanosaur from the Marilia Formation (Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous), Minas Gerais, Brazil. Palaeontology 51: 881 - 901." type="journal article" year="2008">Salgado & Carvalho, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers" box="[876,1097,1086,1107]" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="1046 - 1086" refId="ref37596" refString="Curry Rogers K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1046 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2009">Curry Rogers, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Silva Junior" box="[1109,1379,1086,1108]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Silva Junior" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref43068" refString="Silva Junior JCG, Martinelli AG, Iori FV, Marinho TS, Hechenleitner EM, Langer MC. 2021. Reassessment of Aeolosaurus maximus, a titanosaur dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of southeastern Brazil. Historical Biology 1 - 9. doi: https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2021.1920016" type="book chapter" year="2021">
|
||
Silva Junior
|
||
<emphasis box="[1255,1311,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[809,1425,1149,1907]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1341,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">
|
||
Posterior cervical vertebra Cv-09? (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1268,1341,1149,1170]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[163,241,1028,1050]" captionTargetBox="[227,1379,198,986]" captionTargetId="figure-414@15.[224,1382,195,989]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 9. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/01 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; pa, parapophysis; pas, posterior articular surface; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis; r?, fragment of rib. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381060/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
): This incomplete axial element (MCF-PVPH-261/01) preserves the major part of the centrum, part of both parapophyses and the basal portion of the left prezygapophysis. Morphological comparisons with well-preserved sauropod cervical series (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Riggs" authorityYear="1903" box="[809,983,1333,1354]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,983,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Haplocanthosaurus" authorityName="Haplocanthosaurus" box="[998,1372,1333,1354]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[998,1123,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1139,1372,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Haplocanthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curry Rogers & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[809,969,1364,1385]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rapetosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,969,1364,1385]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Rapetosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hatcher" box="[983,1146,1363,1385]" firstAuthor="Hatcher" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref39144" refString="Hatcher JB. 1903. Osteology of Haplocanthosaurus with description of a new species and some remarks on the probable habits of the Sauropoda and the age and origin of the Atlantosaurus beds. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 2: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1903">Hatcher, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[1161,1341,1363,1385]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref39532" refString="Janensch WJ. 1950. The vertebral column of Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Janensch, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347" pagination="1046 - 1086" refId="ref37596" refString="Curry Rogers K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1046 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2009">Curry Rogers, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wilson & Upchurch, 2009) allow us to consider MCF-PVPH-261/01 as a posterior cervical vertebra, probably the ninth, especially taking into account the anteroventral position of the parapophyses, the anterolaterally directed prezygapophyses that do not exceed the anterior articular surface of the centrum and the low length-to-height ratio of the centrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[809,1425,1149,1907]" lastBlockId="15.[163,780,1183,1481]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="1348" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">
|
||
The centrum is opisthocoelous, with both anterior and posterior articular surfaces extended transversally and slightly compressed dorsoventrally in anterior and posterior views (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[997,1109,1701,1723]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[163,241,1028,1050]" captionTargetBox="[227,1379,198,986]" captionTargetId="figure-414@15.[224,1382,195,989]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 9. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/01 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; pa, parapophysis; pas, posterior articular surface; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis; r?, fragment of rib. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381060/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Fig. 9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventral surface of the centrum is shallow and anteroposteriorly concave, without a central keel or lateral ridges. In lateral view, an elongated and dorsoventrally compressed pneumatic fossa opens in the lateral surface of the centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[926,1011,1854,1876]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[163,241,1028,1050]" captionTargetBox="[227,1379,198,986]" captionTargetId="figure-414@15.[224,1382,195,989]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 9. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/01 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; pa, parapophysis; pas, posterior articular surface; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis; r?, fragment of rib. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381060/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1347">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
); owing to the poor preservational conditions, a septum seems to be absent. However, a bone fragment divides a narrow posterior portion and a wider and deeper anterior fossa. The parapophyses are placed in the anteroventral margin of the centrum, close to the anterior articular surface. Furthermore, they are directed laterally in anterior view and are oval in cross-section (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[406,487,1336,1358]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[163,241,1028,1050]" captionTargetBox="[227,1379,198,986]" captionTargetId="figure-414@15.[224,1382,195,989]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 9. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/01 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; pa, parapophysis; pas, posterior articular surface; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis; r?, fragment of rib. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381060/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Fig. 9A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381060" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381060" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381060/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348" startId="15.[163,241,1028,1050]" targetBox="[227,1379,198,986]" targetPageId="15">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[163,1443,1028,1139]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,266,1028,1050]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/01 of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[1180,1417,1029,1051]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1180,1417,1029,1051]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; pa, parapophysis; pas, posterior articular surface; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis; r?, fragment of rib. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[163,780,1183,1481]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">In MCF-PVPH-261/01, the anterior opening of the neural canal is narrow and quadrangular, delimited laterally by basal portions of neural pedicels that are preserved only in the anterodorsal margin of the bone.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[163,779,1519,1909]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,697,1519,1540]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">
|
||
Posterior cervical vertebra Cv-10? (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[610,697,1519,1540]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[145,227,1014,1036]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,197,971]" captionTargetId="figure-379@16.[206,1364,194,974]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381062/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
): This element (MCF-PVPH-261/02) is represented by an incomplete cervical centrum and part of the neural arch, including the left prezygapophysis and the basal portion of the right prezygapophysis and diapophysis. Considering the relative position of the parapophysis in the anterolateral centrum, the anterodorsal orientation of the prezygapophysis in lateral view and the general proportions of the centrum, MCF-PVPH-261/02 is considered as a posterior cervical vertebra, tentatively the tenth of the series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[163,779,1519,1909]" lastBlockId="15.[827,1444,1183,1910]" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">
|
||
The anterior articular surface is convex and slightly more dorsally prominent in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[836,935,1183,1205]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[145,227,1014,1036]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,197,971]" captionTargetId="figure-379@16.[206,1364,194,974]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381062/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas it is wider than tall in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[896,992,1213,1235]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[145,227,1014,1036]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,197,971]" captionTargetId="figure-379@16.[206,1364,194,974]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381062/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in the posterior cervical vertebrae of several Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curry Rogers & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[1265,1435,1245,1266]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rapetosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1265,1435,1245,1266]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Rapetosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wedel, Cifelli & Sanders" authorityYear="2000" box="[827,998,1275,1296]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,998,1275,1296]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Averianov et al., 2017" authorityName="Averianov" authorityYear="2017" box="[1011,1393,1275,1297]" genus="Sibirotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1011,1138,1275,1296]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Sibirotitan</emphasis>
|
||
Averianov
|
||
<emphasis box="[1268,1317,1275,1296]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2017
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salgado & Carvalho" authorityYear="2008" box="[827,982,1305,1326]" class="Reptilia" genus="Uberabatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,982,1305,1326]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Uberabatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[996,1120,1305,1327]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado & Carvalho" box="[1134,1437,1305,1327]" firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348" pagination="881 - 901" refId="ref42577" refString="Salgado L, Carvalho IS. 2008. Uberabatitan ribeiroi, a new titanosaur from the Marilia Formation (Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous), Minas Gerais, Brazil. Palaeontology 51: 881 - 901." type="journal article" year="2008">Salgado & Carvalho, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers" box="[827,1070,1336,1357]" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348" pagination="1046 - 1086" refId="ref37596" refString="Curry Rogers K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1046 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2009">Curry Rogers, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Averianov" box="[1087,1362,1336,1358]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Averianov" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref35520" refString="Averianov A, Ivantsov S, Skutschas P, Faingertz A, Leshchinskiy S. 2018. A new sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Ilek Formation, Western Siberia, Russia. Geobios 51: 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Averianov
|
||
<emphasis box="[1223,1286,1336,1358]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Silva Junior" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Silva Junior" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref43068" refString="Silva Junior JCG, Martinelli AG, Iori FV, Marinho TS, Hechenleitner EM, Langer MC. 2021. Reassessment of Aeolosaurus maximus, a titanosaur dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of southeastern Brazil. Historical Biology 1 - 9. doi: https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2021.1920016" type="book chapter" year="2021">
|
||
Silva Junior
|
||
<emphasis box="[907,962,1367,1388]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, the basal portion of the right parapophysis is present in the ventrolateral margin of the centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1127,1230,1428,1450]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[145,227,1014,1036]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,197,971]" captionTargetId="figure-379@16.[206,1364,194,974]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381062/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsally to the parapophysis open two pneumatic fossae, a small and oval anterior fossa and an anteroposterior enlarged posterior fossa. The latter fossa is slightly deeper anteriorly and is compressed dorsoventrally in its posterior half (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1063,1159,1581,1603]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[145,227,1014,1036]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,197,971]" captionTargetId="figure-379@16.[206,1364,194,974]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381062/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior articular surface is concave, compressed dorsoventrally in posterior view and slightly more ventrally prominent in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1011,1138,1673,1695]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[145,227,1014,1036]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,197,971]" captionTargetId="figure-379@16.[206,1364,194,974]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381062/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Fig. 10B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="15.[827,1444,1183,1910]" lastBlockId="16.[145,760,1168,1282]" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="1349" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">
|
||
The neural canal is evident only in anterior view, being low and triangular in shape (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1211,1302,1734,1756]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[145,227,1014,1036]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,197,971]" captionTargetId="figure-379@16.[206,1364,194,974]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381062/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In anterior view, the prezygapophyses are long and dorsolaterally directed, whereas they are inclined in a slightly dorsal direction in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1146,1248,1826,1848]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="16.[145,227,1014,1036]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,197,971]" captionTargetId="figure-379@16.[206,1364,194,974]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 10. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381062/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="1348">Fig. 10C</figureCitation>
|
||
), exceeding the anterior articular surface of the centrum. In anterior view, part of the intraprezygapophyseal lamina (tprl) and left centroprezygapophyseal lamina (cprl) are preserved. The basal portion of the diapophysis is present on the right lateral side, which is extended anteroposteriorly and slightly inclined dorsolaterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381062" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381062" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381062/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349" startId="16.[145,227,1014,1036]" targetBox="[209,1361,197,971]" targetPageId="16">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[145,1425,1014,1124]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,269,1014,1036]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/02 of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: apf, anterior pneumatic fossa; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; ppf, posterior pneumatic fossa; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[145,761,1320,1894]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">
|
||
Posterior cervical vertebrae Cv-12? and Cv-13? (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[158,233,1351,1373]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[163,242,624,646]" captionTargetBox="[226,1377,200,581]" captionTargetId="figure-646@17.[222,1380,197,584]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-228/01 and MCF-PVPH-228/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) view. Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapohyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381064/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
): Among the new postcranial elements referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[175,347,1382,1403]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[175,347,1382,1403]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that came from quarry no. 3, there are two articulated and almost complete posterior cervical vertebrae (MCF-PVPH-228/01 and MCF-PVPH-261/02), which lack part of the ventral surfaces and the neural spines. These vertebrae are tentatively considered as the 12
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[399,414,1534,1546]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">th</superScript>
|
||
and 13
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[509,524,1534,1546]" fontSize="5" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">th</superScript>
|
||
cervical vertebrae, showing the parapophyses in the anterolateral margins of the centra, long and laterally directed diapophyses and anteriorly directed prezygapophyses, as seen in posterior cervical vertebrae of other Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[153,274,1688,1709]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[153,274,1688,1709]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[288,434,1689,1710]" class="Reptilia" family="Aeolosauridae" genus="Overosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[288,434,1689,1710]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">Overosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Campos et al., 2005" authorityName="Campos" authorityYear="2005" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Trigonosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[493,661,1689,1710]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">Trigonosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campos" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Campos" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349" pagination="565 - 593" refId="ref36680" refString="Campos DDA, Kellner AW, Bertini RJ, Santucci RM. 2005. On a titanosaurid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) vertebral column from the Bauru group, Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional 63: 565 - 593." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Campos
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,202,1719,1741]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campos" box="[286,513,1719,1741]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Campos" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349" pagination="565 - 593" refId="ref36680" refString="Campos DDA, Kellner AW, Bertini RJ, Santucci RM. 2005. On a titanosaurid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) vertebral column from the Bauru group, Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional 63: 565 - 593." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Campos
|
||
<emphasis box="[386,444,1719,1741]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wilson & Upchurch, 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Coria" box="[212,402,1750,1772]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Coria" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349" pagination="357 - 376" refId="ref37494" refString="Coria RA, Filippi LS, Chiappe LM, Garcia R, Arcucci AB. 2013. Overosaurus paradasorum gen. et sp. nov., a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauria: Lithostrotia) from the Late Cretaceous of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 3683: 357 - 376." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Coria
|
||
<emphasis box="[280,336,1750,1771]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[145,761,1320,1894]" lastBlockId="16.[809,1425,1168,1896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">Considering that the anterior articular surface of MCF-PVPH-228/01 is convex and the posterior one of MCF-PVPH-228/02 is concave, both cervical centra are interpreted as opisthocoelous. In lateral view, the centra are longer than high, whereas they are longer than wide in dorsal view. Both anterior and posterior articular surfaces are slightly wider than high, being compressed dorsoventrally and oval in shape. The parapophyses are incomplete, but their basal portions are preserved in the anterolateral margins of the centra and are oval in shape and laterally directed. In MCF-PVPH-228/02, the parapophyses are slightly more dorsally positioned than in the preceding vertebra, MCF-PVPH-228/01.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[809,1425,1168,1896]" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">
|
||
The anterior opening of the neural canal is small and oval, being slightly compressed dorsoventrally and delimited laterally by low neural pedicels. In lateral view, the prezygapophyses are projected anterodorsally, but do not exceed the anterior border of the articular surface of the centra. In MCF-PVPH-228/01, the prezygapophyses bear wide and flat articular surfaces, which are rectangular in shape and inclined in a slightly medial direction in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[879,958,1751,1773]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[163,242,624,646]" captionTargetBox="[226,1377,200,581]" captionTargetId="figure-646@17.[222,1380,197,584]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-228/01 and MCF-PVPH-228/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) view. Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapohyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381064/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both prezygapophyses are linked by a prominent and robust intraprezygapophyseal lamina, which roofs the entrance of the neural canal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="16.[809,1425,1168,1896]" lastBlockId="17.[163,779,778,1567]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="1350" pageId="16" pageNumber="1349">
|
||
In both cervical vertebrae, a prezygadiapophyseal lamina (prdl) runs posteriorly from the ventrolateral margin of prezygapophyses to the dorsal surface of the diapophyses (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[323,403,809,831]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[163,242,624,646]" captionTargetBox="[226,1377,200,581]" captionTargetId="figure-646@17.[222,1380,197,584]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-228/01 and MCF-PVPH-228/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) view. Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapohyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381064/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Only the basal portions of the spinoprezygapophyseal laminae (sprl) are preserved dorsally to the prezygapophyses. The neural spines are not preserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381064" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381064/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350" startId="17.[163,242,624,646]" targetBox="[226,1377,200,581]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[161,1441,624,734]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,281,624,646]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-228/01 and MCF-PVPH-228/02 of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[186,424,654,676]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[186,424,654,676]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in anterior (A) view. Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapohyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[163,779,778,1567]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">
|
||
The postzygapophyses are tall and directed posterolaterally in dorsal view. In lateral view, a thin postzygodiapophyseal lamina (podl) links the ventrolateral margin of the postzygapophysis with the dorsal surface of the diapophysis. Ventral to the postzygapophyses, the low and robust cpol delimits the neural canal laterally, constituting part of the neural pedicels of the vertebra (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[446,522,1146,1168]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="17.[163,242,624,646]" captionTargetBox="[226,1377,200,581]" captionTargetId="figure-646@17.[222,1380,197,584]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Figure 11. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-228/01 and MCF-PVPH-228/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) view. Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapohyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381064/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). The diapophyses are long and directed dorsolaterally, being longer than the centrum width in anterior and posterior views. However, in MCF-PVPH-228/02 the diapophyses are slightly shorter, dorsally inclined and proximally narrower than the preceding element (MCF-PVPH-228/01). A short spinodiapophyseal lamina runs dorsally from the diapophyses to the lateral portion of the neural arch. Two robust laminae link the diapophyses with the centrum: the acdl and the pcdl. The acdl is prominent, as in several Sauropoda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson JA" box="[172,339,1484,1506]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350" pagination="639 - 653" refId="ref44261" refString="Wilson JA. 1999. A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 639 - 653." type="journal article" year="1999">Wilson, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and runs ventrally towards the anterodorsal margin of the centrum, whereas the pcdl is long and reaches the posterior half of the centrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[163,779,1608,1906]" lastBlockId="17.[827,1444,778,1904]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">
|
||
Posterior cervical vertebra Cv-14? (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[559,635,1608,1629]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[145,226,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[208,1361,200,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[205,1364,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; posl, postspinal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; r?, fragment of rib; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381066/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
; Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[320,404,1638,1660]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[163,241,912,934]" captionTargetBox="[230,1376,198,869]" captionTargetId="figure-411@3.[227,1379,195,872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Original picture of quarry no. 4 during the fieldwork of 2004 (A) and a quarry map with tentative arrangement of the holotype (in red) and referred material (in blue) of Ligabuesaurus leanzai (B). Abbreviations: ant, anterior; s/n, without collection number; v, vertebra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381046/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Fig. S3</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Considering that the cervical vertebra of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[315,500,1669,1690]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[315,500,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[522,769,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">MCF-PVPH-233/02</emphasis>
|
||
) was extensively described and figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,223,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, only its general morphology and most remarkable features, especially concerning the neural fossae, are described below.
|
||
<emphasis box="[530,779,1792,1813]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">MCF-PVPH-233/02</emphasis>
|
||
shares different morphological conditions with the last cervical vertebrae of other neosaurops (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Haplocanthosaurus" authorityName="Haplocanthosaurus" box="[163,550,1884,1905]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,292,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[309,550,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Haplocanthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[568,722,1884,1905]" class="Reptilia" family="Aeolosauridae" genus="Overosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[568,722,1884,1905]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Overosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[827,1000,779,800]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Trigonosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1000,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Trigonosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hatcher" box="[1016,1183,778,800]" firstAuthor="Hatcher" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref39144" refString="Hatcher JB. 1903. Osteology of Haplocanthosaurus with description of a new species and some remarks on the probable habits of the Sauropoda and the age and origin of the Atlantosaurus beds. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 2: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1903">Hatcher, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Campos" box="[1199,1436,778,800]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Campos" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350" pagination="565 - 593" refId="ref36680" refString="Campos DDA, Kellner AW, Bertini RJ, Santucci RM. 2005. On a titanosaurid (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) vertebral column from the Bauru group, Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Arquivos do Museu Nacional 63: 565 - 593." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Campos
|
||
<emphasis box="[1303,1363,778,800]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wilson & Upchurch, 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Coria" box="[1128,1319,809,831]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Coria" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350" pagination="357 - 376" refId="ref37494" refString="Coria RA, Filippi LS, Chiappe LM, Garcia R, Arcucci AB. 2013. Overosaurus paradasorum gen. et sp. nov., a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauria: Lithostrotia) from the Late Cretaceous of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 3683: 357 - 376." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Coria
|
||
<emphasis box="[1197,1252,809,831]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), such as a prominent parapophysis on the anteroventral portion of the centum, low prezygapophyses close to the dorsal margin of the centrum, tall and dorsolaterally directed postzygapophyses, and a tall and anteroposteriorly compressed neural spine. Therefore, we consider
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">MCF-PVPH-233/02</emphasis>
|
||
as the last vertebra, probably 14
|
||
<superScript attach="none" box="[1392,1407,992,1004]" fontSize="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">th</superScript>
|
||
, of the cervical series of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1066,1235,1024,1045]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1066,1235,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[827,1444,778,1904]" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">
|
||
In
|
||
<emphasis box="[885,1119,1055,1076]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">MCF-PVPH-233/02</emphasis>
|
||
, the centrum is incomplete posteriorly. In anterior view, it is wider than tall (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[835,932,1116,1138]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[145,226,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[208,1361,200,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[205,1364,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; posl, postspinal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; r?, fragment of rib; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381066/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
), where the articular surface is convex and dorsoventrally compressed. The ventral surface is anteroposteriorly concave and smooth, without lateral crests or a medial keel. On the right lateral surface opens an elongated pleurocoel, which is divided by a septum into a triangular and deep anterior subfossa and a slightly wider but shallower posterior subfossa (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[836,940,1330,1352]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[145,226,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[208,1361,200,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[205,1364,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; posl, postspinal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; r?, fragment of rib; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381066/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In the anterior subfossa, an accessory septum divides a short dorsal chamber from a deeper ventral one. The parapophyses are in the anteroventral margin of the centrum and project laterally in dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="17.[827,1444,778,1904]" lastBlockId="19.[163,780,197,1875]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="1352" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">
|
||
In anterior view, the neural pedicels are dorsoventrally low, less than one-third of the height of the anterior articular surface (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1262,1368,1545,1567]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[145,226,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[208,1361,200,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[205,1364,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; posl, postspinal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; r?, fragment of rib; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381066/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior opening of the neural canal is oval and compressed dorsoventrally. The prezygapophyses are projected anterolaterally, exceeding the lateral margins of the centrum and the anterior articular surface in dorsal view. The diapophyses are long, oval in cross-section and directed laterally, exceeding the prezygapophyses in anterior view. In posterior view, the postzygapophyses are projected lateroventrally and positioned more dorsally than diapophyses, exceeding the lateral surface of the centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1228,1323,1852,1874]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[145,226,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[208,1361,200,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[205,1364,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; posl, postspinal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; r?, fragment of rib; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381066/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="1350">MCF-PVPH-233/02</emphasis>
|
||
, the neural spine is on the posterior half of the centrum, with a gentle posterior inclination in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[352,450,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[145,226,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[208,1361,200,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[205,1364,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; posl, postspinal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; r?, fragment of rib; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381066/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in some titanosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[218,430,258,279]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Futalognkosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[218,430,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Futalognkosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gonzalez Riga & Ortiz David, 2014" authorityName="Gonzalez Riga & Ortiz David" authorityYear="2014" genus="Quetecsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[445,602,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Quetecsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Riga & Ortiz David" firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="3 - 25" refId="ref38792" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ, Ortiz David L. 2014. A new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous (Cerro Lisandro Formation) of Mendoza Province, Argentina. Ameghiniana 51: 3 - 25." type="journal article" year="2014">González Riga & Ortiz David, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curry Rogers & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[462,623,290,311]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rapetosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[462,623,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Rapetosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Calvo" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Calvo" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="471 - 483" refId="ref36588" refString="Calvo JO, Porfiri JD, Novas FE. 2007. Discovery of a new ornithopod dinosaur from the Portezuelo Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Arquivos Museu Nacional 65: 471 - 483." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Calvo
|
||
<emphasis box="[713,772,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers" box="[238,479,320,341]" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="1046 - 1086" refId="ref37596" refString="Curry Rogers K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1046 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2009">Curry Rogers, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Riga & Ortiz David" firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="3 - 25" refId="ref38792" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ, Ortiz David L. 2014. A new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous (Cerro Lisandro Formation) of Mendoza Province, Argentina. Ameghiniana 51: 3 - 25." type="journal article" year="2014">González Riga & Ortiz David, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The spine is tall, more than two times the height of the centrum, transversally wide, exceeding the lateral surface of the centrum and rhomboidal in anterior view, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Apesteguia, 2004" authorityName="Apesteguia" authorityYear="2004" box="[407,772,443,465]" class="Reptilia" family="Nemegtosauridae" genus="Bonitasaura" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[407,556,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Bonitasaura</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Apesteguia" box="[564,772,443,465]" firstAuthor="Apesteguia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="493 - 497" refId="ref35420" refString="Apesteguia S. 2004. Bonitasaura salgadoi gen. et sp. nov.: a beaked sauropod from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Naturwissenschaften 91: 493 - 497." type="journal article" year="2004">Apesteguía, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,386,473,494]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Futalognkosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,386,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Futalognkosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gonzalez Riga" authorityYear="2003" box="[453,646,473,494]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Mendozasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[453,646,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Mendozasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Riga" firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="155 - 172" refId="ref38604" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ. 2003. A new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mendoza province, Argentina. Ameghiniana 40: 155 - 172." type="journal article" year="2003">González Riga, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Calvo" box="[301,504,504,526]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Calvo" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="471 - 483" refId="ref36588" refString="Calvo JO, Porfiri JD, Novas FE. 2007. Discovery of a new ornithopod dinosaur from the Portezuelo Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Arquivos Museu Nacional 65: 471 - 483." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Calvo
|
||
<emphasis box="[376,434,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gallina & Apesteguia" firstAuthor="Gallina" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="924957" refId="ref38255" refString="Gallina PA, Apesteguia S. 2015. Postcranial anatomy of Bonitasaura salgadoi (Sauropoda, Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35: e 924957." type="journal article" year="2015">Gallina & Apesteguía, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Riga" box="[235,550,534,556]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="136 - 181" refId="ref38744" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ, Mannion PD, Poropat SF, Ortiz David LD, Coria JP. 2018. Osteology of the Late Cretaceous Argentinean sauropod dinosaur Mendozasaurus neguyelap: implications for basal titanosaur relationships. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 136 - 181." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
González Riga
|
||
<emphasis box="[417,469,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The neural spine did not preserve a prespinal lamina, but there is an incomplete and low postspinal lamina (posl), at least up to the proximal half of the posterior neural spine (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[171,265,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[145,226,1634,1656]" captionTargetBox="[208,1361,200,1592]" captionTargetId="figure-24@18.[205,1364,197,1595]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; posl, postspinal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; r?, fragment of rib; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381066/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Fig. 12B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381066" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381066/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="1351" startId="18.[145,226,1634,1656]" targetBox="[208,1361,200,1592]" targetPageId="18">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="18.[145,1425,1634,1832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1351">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,268,1634,1656]" pageId="18" pageNumber="1351">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra
|
||
<emphasis box="[1008,1226,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1351">MCF-PVPH-233/02</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="18" pageNumber="1351" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="1351">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in anterior (A), posterior (B) and right lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; ns, neural spine; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; podl, postzygodiapophyseal lamina; posl, postspinal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; r?, fragment of rib; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[163,780,197,1875]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">
|
||
In the anterior half of the centrum, a triangular and shallow prezygocentrodiapophyseal fossa (prcdf) opens between the acdl and the cprl (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[163,263,780,802]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[163,241,912,934]" captionTargetBox="[230,1376,198,869]" captionTargetId="figure-411@3.[227,1379,195,872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Original picture of quarry no. 4 during the fieldwork of 2004 (A) and a quarry map with tentative arrangement of the holotype (in red) and referred material (in blue) of Ligabuesaurus leanzai (B). Abbreviations: ant, anterior; s/n, without collection number; v, vertebra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381046/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Fig. S3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in several neosauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="17114" refId="ref44438" refString="Wilson JA, D'Emic M, Ikejiri T, Moacdieh EM, Whitlock JA. 2011. A nomenclature for vertebral fossae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. PLoS One 6: e 17114." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Wilson
|
||
<emphasis box="[713,772,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Posteriorly, there is a deeper and longer centrodiapophyseal fossa (cdf) framed by the acdl and pcdl, as in several neosauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson" box="[552,764,872,894]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="17114" refId="ref44438" refString="Wilson JA, D'Emic M, Ikejiri T, Moacdieh EM, Whitlock JA. 2011. A nomenclature for vertebral fossae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. PLoS One 6: e 17114." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Wilson
|
||
<emphasis box="[638,695,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the anterior surface of the neural spine, the medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina (med. sprl) delimits a triangular, dorsoventrally high and proximally wide spinoprezygapophyseal fossa (sprf) (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[322,424,1025,1047]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[163,241,912,934]" captionTargetBox="[230,1376,198,869]" captionTargetId="figure-411@3.[227,1379,195,872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Original picture of quarry no. 4 during the fieldwork of 2004 (A) and a quarry map with tentative arrangement of the holotype (in red) and referred material (in blue) of Ligabuesaurus leanzai (B). Abbreviations: ant, anterior; s/n, without collection number; v, vertebra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381046/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Fig. S3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The spinoprezygapophyseal lamina fossa (sprl-f) is reduced and triangular in outline (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[572,676,1086,1108]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[163,241,912,934]" captionTargetBox="[230,1376,198,869]" captionTargetId="figure-411@3.[227,1379,195,872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Original picture of quarry no. 4 during the fieldwork of 2004 (A) and a quarry map with tentative arrangement of the holotype (in red) and referred material (in blue) of Ligabuesaurus leanzai (B). Abbreviations: ant, anterior; s/n, without collection number; v, vertebra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381046/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Fig. S3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), placed between the medial and lateral spinoprezygapophyseal laminae (med. sprl and lat. sprl). The pcdl, podl and cpol frame a wide and deep postzygocentrodiapophyseal fossa (pocdf) on the posterior half of the vertebra (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[452,547,1240,1262]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[163,241,912,934]" captionTargetBox="[230,1376,198,869]" captionTargetId="figure-411@3.[227,1379,195,872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Original picture of quarry no. 4 during the fieldwork of 2004 (A) and a quarry map with tentative arrangement of the holotype (in red) and referred material (in blue) of Ligabuesaurus leanzai (B). Abbreviations: ant, anterior; s/n, without collection number; v, vertebra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381046/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Fig. S3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); a similar fossa, but not as wide as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[363,533,1270,1291]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[363,533,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, is present in several neosauropods, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Riggs" authorityYear="1903" box="[438,612,1301,1322]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[438,612,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[628,772,1301,1322]" class="Reptilia" genus="Brasilotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[628,772,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Brasilotitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ksepka & Norell" authorityYear="2006" box="[163,245,1332,1353]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Erketu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,245,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Erketu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[263,391,1332,1353]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[263,391,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Pang & Cheng, 2000" authorityName="Pang & Cheng" authorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[409,581,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Huabeisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pang & Cheng" firstAuthor="Pang" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="117 - 125" refId="ref41628" refString="Pang Q, Cheng Z. 2000. A new family of sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Tianzhen, Shanxi Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 74: 117 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Pang & Cheng, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gallina et al., 2014" authorityName="Gallina" authorityYear="2014" box="[236,603,1362,1384]" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Leinkupal" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[236,359,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Leinkupal</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gallina" box="[369,603,1362,1384]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gallina" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="97128" refId="ref38289" refString="Gallina PA, Apesteguia S, Haluza A, Canale JI. 2014. A diplodocid sauropod survivor from the Early Cretaceous of South America. PLoS One 9: e 97128." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Gallina
|
||
<emphasis box="[469,530,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[620,772,1363,1384]" class="Reptilia" family="Aeolosauridae" genus="Overosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[620,772,1363,1384]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Overosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin, Buffetaut & Suteethorn" authorityYear="1994" box="[163,377,1393,1414]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,377,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Phuwiangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="You & Li" authorityYear="2009" box="[392,549,1393,1414]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Qiaowanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[392,549,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Qiaowanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curry Rogers & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[564,726,1394,1415]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rapetosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[564,726,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Rapetosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,321,1424,1445]" genus="Yunmenglong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,321,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Yunmenglong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiman" box="[337,490,1424,1446]" firstAuthor="Wiman" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref44594" refString="Wiman C. 1929. Die Kreide-Dinosaurier aus Shantung. Palaeontologia Sinica 6: 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1929">Wiman, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[504,683,1423,1446]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref39532" refString="Janensch WJ. 1950. The vertebral column of Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Janensch, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="1085 - 1092" refId="ref40734" refString="Martin V, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V. 1994. A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua Formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of northeastern Thailand. Comptes Rendus de l' Academie des Sciences Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planets 319: 1085 - 1092." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,221,1454,1476]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pang & Cheng" box="[307,549,1454,1476]" firstAuthor="Pang" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="117 - 125" refId="ref41628" refString="Pang Q, Cheng Z. 2000. A new family of sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Tianzhen, Shanxi Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 74: 117 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Pang & Cheng, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wedel MJ & Cifelli RL & Sanders RK" box="[563,772,1454,1476]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="109 - 114" refId="ref43913" refString="Wedel MJ, Cifelli RL, Sanders RK. 2000 a. A Sauroposeidon proteles, a new sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of Oklahoma. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 109 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Wedel
|
||
<emphasis box="[642,701,1454,1476]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers & Forster" box="[163,499,1485,1506]" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="530 - 534" refId="ref37630" refString="Curry Rogers K, Forster CA. 2001. The last of the dinosaur titans: a new sauropod from Madagascar. Nature 412: 530 - 534." type="journal article" year="2001">Curry Rogers & Forster, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ksepka & Norell" box="[513,773,1485,1507]" firstAuthor="Ksepka" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref39800" refString="Ksepka DT, Norell MA. 2006. Erketu ellisoni, a long-necked sauropod from Bor Guve (Dornogov Aimag, Mongolia). American Museum Novitates 3508: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2006">Ksepka & Norell, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[163,282,1516,1537]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers" box="[293,509,1516,1537]" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="1046 - 1086" refId="ref37596" refString="Curry Rogers K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1046 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2009">Curry Rogers, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suteethorn" box="[520,773,1516,1538]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Suteethorn" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="189 - 215" refId="ref43294" refString="Suteethorn S, Le Loeuff J, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V, Talubmook C, Chonglakmani C. 2009. A new skeleton of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from NE Thailand. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 315: 189 - 215." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Suteethorn
|
||
<emphasis box="[653,707,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wilson & Upchurch, 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="You & Li" box="[466,635,1546,1568]" firstAuthor="You" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="4077 - 4082" refId="ref44691" refString="You HL, Li DQ. 2009. The first well-preserved Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaur in Asia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276: 4077 - 4082." type="journal article" year="2009">You & Li, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Coria" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Coria" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="357 - 376" refId="ref37494" refString="Coria RA, Filippi LS, Chiappe LM, Garcia R, Arcucci AB. 2013. Overosaurus paradasorum gen. et sp. nov., a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauria: Lithostrotia) from the Late Cretaceous of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 3683: 357 - 376." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Coria
|
||
<emphasis box="[717,773,1546,1568]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" box="[236,464,1577,1599]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="69375" refId="ref37858" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Benson RB, Pang Q, Zhengwu C. 2013. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[331,392,1577,1599]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[480,655,1577,1599]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="202 - 213" refId="ref40205" refString="Lu J, Xu L, Pu H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Jia S, Wei X. 2013. A new sauropod dinosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Cretaceous of the Ruyang Basin (central China). Cretaceous Research 44: 202 - 213." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lü
|
||
<emphasis box="[522,582,1577,1599]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Machado" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Machado" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="301 - 321" refId="ref40284" refString="Machado EB, Avilla LS, Nava WR, Campos DA, Kellner AWA. 2013. A new titanosaur sauropod from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil. Zootaxa 3701: 301 - 321." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Machado
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,219,1608,1629]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gallina" box="[299,514,1608,1630]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gallina" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="97128" refId="ref38289" refString="Gallina PA, Apesteguia S, Haluza A, Canale JI. 2014. A diplodocid sauropod survivor from the Early Cretaceous of South America. PLoS One 9: e 97128." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Gallina
|
||
<emphasis box="[391,447,1608,1629]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[163,780,197,1875]" lastBlockId="19.[827,1444,197,587]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">
|
||
In
|
||
<emphasis box="[216,443,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">MCF-PVPH-233/02</emphasis>
|
||
, the pocdf is internally divided into several small subfossae by a set of thin accessory laminae, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Riggs" authorityYear="1903" box="[351,531,1700,1721]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[351,531,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wedel, Cifelli & Sanders" authorityYear="2000" box="[598,779,1700,1721]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[598,779,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[172,358,1730,1752]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref39532" refString="Janensch WJ. 1950. The vertebral column of Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Janensch, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wedel MJ & Cifelli RL & Sanders RK" box="[374,592,1730,1752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="109 - 114" refId="ref43913" refString="Wedel MJ, Cifelli RL, Sanders RK. 2000 a. A Sauroposeidon proteles, a new sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of Oklahoma. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 109 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Wedel
|
||
<emphasis box="[457,518,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal to the zygodiapophyseal table (zdt;
|
||
<emphasis box="[533,601,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="17114" refId="ref44438" refString="Wilson JA, D'Emic M, Ikejiri T, Moacdieh EM, Whitlock JA. 2011. A nomenclature for vertebral fossae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. PLoS One 6: e 17114." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Wilson
|
||
<emphasis box="[707,771,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), there is a rectangular and anteroposteriorly extended postzygospinodiapophyseal fossa (posdf), which is delimited ventrally by the podl, dorsally by the lat. sprl and posteriorly by the spol (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[974,1069,227,249]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[163,241,912,934]" captionTargetBox="[230,1376,198,869]" captionTargetId="figure-411@3.[227,1379,195,872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Original picture of quarry no. 4 during the fieldwork of 2004 (A) and a quarry map with tentative arrangement of the holotype (in red) and referred material (in blue) of Ligabuesaurus leanzai (B). Abbreviations: ant, anterior; s/n, without collection number; v, vertebra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381046/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Fig. S3A</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in several Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Riggs" authorityYear="1903" box="[895,1087,258,280]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[895,1087,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1110,1247,258,280]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1110,1247,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1270,1435,259,280]" class="Reptilia" family="Aeolosauridae" genus="Overosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1270,1435,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Overosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin, Buffetaut & Suteethorn" authorityYear="1994" box="[827,1036,289,310]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1036,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Phuwiangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curry Rogers & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[1049,1207,290,311]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rapetosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1049,1207,290,311]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Rapetosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wedel, Cifelli & Sanders" authorityYear="2000" box="[1266,1437,289,310]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1266,1437,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[827,1014,319,341]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref39532" refString="Janensch WJ. 1950. The vertebral column of Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Janensch, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" box="[1031,1262,319,341]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="1085 - 1092" refId="ref40734" refString="Martin V, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V. 1994. A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua Formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of northeastern Thailand. Comptes Rendus de l' Academie des Sciences Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planets 319: 1085 - 1092." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis box="[1126,1187,319,341]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers & Forster" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="530 - 534" refId="ref37630" refString="Curry Rogers K, Forster CA. 2001. The last of the dinosaur titans: a new sauropod from Madagascar. Nature 412: 530 - 534." type="journal article" year="2001">Curry Rogers & Forster, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[1040,1173,350,372]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers" box="[1192,1435,350,372]" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="1046 - 1086" refId="ref37596" refString="Curry Rogers K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1046 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2009">Curry Rogers, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suteethorn" box="[827,1103,381,403]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Suteethorn" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="189 - 215" refId="ref43294" refString="Suteethorn S, Le Loeuff J, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V, Talubmook C, Chonglakmani C. 2009. A new skeleton of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from NE Thailand. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 315: 189 - 215." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Suteethorn
|
||
<emphasis box="[970,1030,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wilson & Upchurch, 2009). However, unlike those forms, in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1255,1443,411,432]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1255,1443,411,432]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the posdf is delimited dorsally by the lat. sprl and not by a single sprl. On the posterior surface of the neural spine, the spol marks the lateral margins of a triangular, ventrally deep and transversely wide spinopostzygapophyseal fossa (spof).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[827,1444,619,1131]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1163,619,641]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">
|
||
Dorsal vertebrae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1037,1163,620,641]" captionStart-0="Figure 13" captionStart-1="Figure 14" captionStart-2="Figure 15" captionStart-3="Figure 16" captionStart-4="Figure 17" captionStartId-0="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionStartId-1="21.[164,244,728,750]" captionStartId-2="23.[163,246,1746,1768]" captionStartId-3="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionStartId-4="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox-0="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetBox-1="[258,1346,198,685]" captionTargetBox-2="[169,1437,1296,1704]" captionTargetBox-3="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId-0="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetId-1="figure-581@21.[255,1349,195,688]" captionTargetId-2="figure-546@23.[166,1440,1293,1707]" captionTargetId-3="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetId-4="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId-0="20" captionTargetPageId-1="21" captionTargetPageId-2="23" captionTargetPageId-3="25" captionTargetPageId-4="26" captionText-0="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-1="Figure 14. Photograph and line drawing of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior view.Abbreviations:acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseallamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-2="Figure 15. Photograph and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/04 and MCF- PVPH-233/05 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-3="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." captionText-4="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381070" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381072" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7381070/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7381072/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Figs 13–17</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
): Originally,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,889,650,672]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included five dorsal vertebrae in the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[827,932,681,703]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1100,1284,681,702]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1100,1284,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Supporting Information,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[1014,1135,711,733]" captionStart="Table S" captionStartId="59.[163,233,775,796]" captionText="Table S1. List of type material of Ligabuesaurus leanzai." pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
): one anterior dorsal vertebra (
|
||
<emphasis box="[977,1253,742,764]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">MCF-PVPH- 233 / 03</emphasis>
|
||
), which was extensively described and figured in anterior and lateral views, and four posterior dorsal vertebrae (
|
||
<emphasis box="[837,1385,834,856]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">MCF-PVPH- 233 /04– MCF-PVPH- 233/ 07</emphasis>
|
||
), of which only the most posterior element (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">MCF-PVPH-233/07</emphasis>
|
||
) was briefly described and figured in anterior view. In the following subsections, we present the new anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 and the articulated middle-posterior vertebrae
|
||
<emphasis box="[949,1436,1018,1039]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">MCF-PVPH-228/03–MCF-PVPH-233/04</emphasis>
|
||
. We also redescribe the remaining dorsal elements from the
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1082,1274,1079,1100]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1082,1274,1079,1100]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type quarry (
|
||
<emphasis box="[835,1323,1110,1131]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">MCF-PVPH-233/04–MCF-PVPH-233/07</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[827,1444,1178,1875]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1435,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">
|
||
Anterior dorsal vertebrae Dv-03? (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1287,1387,1178,1200]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Figs 13</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1406,1435,1178,1199]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="21.[164,244,728,750]" captionTargetBox="[258,1346,198,685]" captionTargetId="figure-581@21.[255,1349,195,688]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 14. Photograph and line drawing of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior view.Abbreviations:acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseallamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381070/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">14</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1227,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">
|
||
Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1127,1211,1209,1230]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[163,241,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[226,1378,204,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-290@5.[223,1381,197,1293]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. The somphospondylan sauropod Ligabuesaurus leanzai from Cerro de los Leones (Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina). A, skeletal reconstruction based on the holotype (MCF-PVPH-233) and referred material (MCF-PVPH-261) from quarry no. 4, plus the newly referred specimens from quarry no. 3 (MCF-PVPH-228, MCF-PVPH-744 and MCF- PVPH-908). B, life restoration of Ligabuesaurus leanzai as a non-titanosaurian somphospondylan by J. L. Blanco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381048/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Fig. S4</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The new anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 is almost complete and preserves the centrum and the major part of the neural arch, lacking only part of the left diapophysis and the right distal margin of the neural spine. Taking into account that MCF-PVPH-908 overlaps the anterior dorsal vertebra
|
||
<emphasis box="[1108,1336,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">MCF-PVPH-233/03</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1351,1428,1393,1415]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
), which was described and figured, in part, by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,887,1454,1476]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, only the most remarkable features of MCF-PVPH-908 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1028,1104,1485,1507]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="21.[164,244,728,750]" captionTargetBox="[258,1346,198,685]" captionTargetId="figure-581@21.[255,1349,195,688]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 14. Photograph and line drawing of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior view.Abbreviations:acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseallamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381070/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) are described below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[827,1444,1178,1875]" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">
|
||
The general morphology and proportions of MCF-PVPH-908 are similar to the holotypic anterior dorsal vertebra
|
||
<emphasis box="[929,1158,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">MCF-PVPH-233/03</emphasis>
|
||
, with which it shares the diagnostic conditions of the short, wide and rhomboidshaped neural spines and dorsoventrally low neural pedicels. Owing to the anterodorsal position of the parapophyses on the centrum and the orientation of the diapophyses and prezygapophyses on the neural arch, we tentatively consider both elements as third anterior dorsal vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1147,1316,1791,1812]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1147,1316,1791,1812]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="19.[827,1444,1178,1875]" lastBlockId="21.[163,780,912,1884]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="1354" pageId="19" pageNumber="1352">
|
||
In MCF-PVPH-908, the centrum is dorsoventrally low, with oval and prominent parapophyses placed on the anterodorsal margin of the lateral surface. The neural arch is on the posterior half of the centrum, with a tall and anteriorly directed neural spine in lateral view. In anterior view, the neural spine is rhomboidal and wider than the centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[679,762,1034,1056]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="21.[164,244,728,750]" captionTargetBox="[258,1346,198,685]" captionTargetId="figure-581@21.[255,1349,195,688]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 14. Photograph and line drawing of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior view.Abbreviations:acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseallamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381070/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), with robust lateral margins and divided by the sprl into medial and lateral branches. The centrum is opisthocoelous, wider than high in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="21.[164,244,728,750]" captionTargetBox="[258,1346,198,685]" captionTargetId="figure-581@21.[255,1349,195,688]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 14. Photograph and line drawing of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior view.Abbreviations:acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseallamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381070/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) and square in lateral view. The ventral surface is concave in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[443,539,1188,1210]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
|
||
) and slightly convex in anterior view, with the presence of a medial low crest. In ventral view, close to the anterior margin, the ventral surface is slightly concave, whereas posteriorly it is slightly convex. There is a small and oval pleurocoel on the anterodorsal margin of the lateral surface, which is anteriorly delimited by a prominent lateral rim of the articular surface and posteriorly enclosed by the parapophyses. The parapophyses are in the anterodorsal margin of the lateral surface of the centrum, close to neurocentral suture. They are represented by oval processes that are laterally prominent and directed slightly to the posterior.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="1353" startId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" targetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="20.[145,1426,1675,1844]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1353">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,270,1675,1697]" pageId="20" pageNumber="1353">Figure 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra
|
||
<emphasis box="[1001,1222,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1353">MCF-PVPH-233/03</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="20" pageNumber="1353" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="1353">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381070" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381070/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354" startId="21.[164,244,728,750]" targetBox="[258,1346,198,685]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[163,1443,728,868]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,285,728,750]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Photograph and line drawing of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[1169,1414,728,750]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1169,1414,728,750]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in anterior view.Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[163,780,912,1884]" lastBlockId="21.[827,1443,912,1884]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">
|
||
In MCF-PVPH-908, the neural arch is long and wide, occupying almost the entire dorsal surface of the centrum, and slopes in a slightly anterior direction in lateral view. The anterior opening of the neural canal is oval and higher than wide in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="21.[164,244,728,750]" captionTargetBox="[258,1346,198,685]" captionTargetId="figure-581@21.[255,1349,195,688]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 14. Photograph and line drawing of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior view.Abbreviations:acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseallamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381070/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas it is rhomboidal in posterior view. The prezygapophyses are positioned anterodorsally with respect to the diapophyses, but they do not overlap the anterior articular surface in lateral view. The articular surfaces of the prezygapophyses are almost flat, oval (slightly wider than long) and inclined in an angle of 25° with respect to the horizontal plane. A thin and prominent intraprezygapophyseal lamina linksthe prezygapophyses medioventrally, forming a slightly concave laminar structure in front of the opening of the neural canal (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1029,1105,1065,1087]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="21.[164,244,728,750]" captionTargetBox="[258,1346,198,685]" captionTargetId="figure-581@21.[255,1349,195,688]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 14. Photograph and line drawing of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior view.Abbreviations:acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseallamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381070/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[827,1443,912,1884]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">
|
||
Two robust and slightly medially inclined centroprezygapophyseal laminae run ventrally from the prezygapophyses to the anterodorsal margins of the centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[988,1124,1188,1210]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">Figs 13A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1139,1167,1188,1209]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="21.[164,244,728,750]" captionTargetBox="[258,1346,198,685]" captionTargetId="figure-581@21.[255,1349,195,688]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 14. Photograph and line drawing of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior view.Abbreviations:acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseallamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381070/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">14</figureCitation>
|
||
). In MCF-PVPH-908, a bifid spinoprezygapophyseal lamina runs dorsally towards the neural spine, formed by the med. sprl and the lat. sprl. The med. sprl is mediodorsally directed towards the distal third of the neural spine and is prominent, proximally wide and distally reduced where it converges with the prespinal lamina. Conversely, the lat. sprl runs dorsally towards the anterolateral margin of the base of neural spine and is short and smooth distally. In lateral view, a robust and slightly dorsally inclined prezygodiapophyseal lamina connects the posterolateral portion of the prezygapophysis with the anterior margin of the diapophysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[827,1443,912,1884]" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">
|
||
The diapophyses are long, laterally directed and with a slightly anterior inclination.They are on the posterior half of the centrum and below the zygapophyses in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[970,1061,1678,1700]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The diapophyses are rectangular in cross-section, being compressed anteroposteriorly and extended dorsoventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="21.[827,1443,912,1884]" lastBlockId="22.[145,762,197,1875]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="1355" pageId="21" pageNumber="1354">
|
||
The acdl is inclined anteroventrally and intercepts the cprl close to the neurocentral suture, whereas the pcdl is directed more ventrally and links the diapophyses with the posterior half of the centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[153,247,197,219]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both laminae delimit a wide and triangular centrodiapophyseal fossa, which is slightly deeper anterodorsally (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[163,241,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[226,1378,204,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-290@5.[223,1381,197,1293]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. The somphospondylan sauropod Ligabuesaurus leanzai from Cerro de los Leones (Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina). A, skeletal reconstruction based on the holotype (MCF-PVPH-233) and referred material (MCF-PVPH-261) from quarry no. 4, plus the newly referred specimens from quarry no. 3 (MCF-PVPH-228, MCF-PVPH-744 and MCF- PVPH-908). B, life restoration of Ligabuesaurus leanzai as a non-titanosaurian somphospondylan by J. L. Blanco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381048/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. S4A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in several titanosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Bonaparte & Coria, 1993" authorityName="Bonaparte & Coria" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Argentinosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[569,760,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Argentinosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte & Coria" box="[145,430,320,342]" firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="271 - 282" refId="ref36109" refString="Bonaparte JF, Coria RA. 1993. Un nuevo y gigantesco sauropodo titanosaurio de la Formacion Rio Limay (Albiano- Cenomaniano) de la Provincia del Neuquen, Argentina. Ameghiniana 30: 271 - 282." type="journal article" year="1993">Bonaparte & Coria, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Mannion & Otero, 2012" authorityName="Mannion & Otero" authorityYear="2012" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Elaltitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[443,546,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Elaltitan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion & Otero" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="614 - 638" refId="ref40463" refString="Mannion PD, Otero A. 2012. A reappraisal of the Late Cretaceous Argentinean sauropod dinosaur Argyrosaurus superbus, with a description of a new titanosaur genus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32: 614 - 638." type="journal article" year="2012">Mannion & Otero, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1992" box="[217,402,351,372]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Neuquensaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[217,402,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Neuquensaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Bonaparte & Coria, 1993" authorityName="Bonaparte & Coria" authorityYear="1993" class="Reptilia" genus="Paludititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[463,599,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Paludititan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte & Coria" firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="271 - 282" refId="ref36109" refString="Bonaparte JF, Coria RA. 1993. Un nuevo y gigantesco sauropodo titanosaurio de la Formacion Rio Limay (Albiano- Cenomaniano) de la Provincia del Neuquen, Argentina. Ameghiniana 30: 271 - 282." type="journal article" year="1993">Bonaparte & Coria, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado" box="[298,535,381,403]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="623 - 634" refId="ref42499" refString="Salgado L, Apesteguia S, Heredia SE. 2005. A new specimen of Neuquensaurus australis, a Late Cretaceous saltasaurine titanosaur from north Patagonia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 25: 623 - 634." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Salgado
|
||
<emphasis box="[402,462,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Csiki" box="[550,754,381,403]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Csiki" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="297 - 324" refId="ref37548" refString="Csiki Z, Codrea V, Jipa-Murzea C, Godefroit P. 2010. A partial titanosaur (Sauropoda, Dinosauria) skeleton from the Maastrichtian of Nalat-Vad, Hateg Basin, Romania. Neues Jahrbuch fur Geologie und Palaontologie, Abhandlungen 258: 297 - 324." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Csiki
|
||
<emphasis box="[622,682,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Otero" box="[145,283,412,433]" firstAuthor="Otero" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="399 - 426" refId="ref41478" refString="Otero A. 2010. The appendicular skeleton of Neuquensaurus, a Late Cretaceous saltasaurine sauropod from Patagonia, Argentina. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55: 399 - 426." type="journal article" year="2010">Otero, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion & Otero" box="[298,581,412,434]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="614 - 638" refId="ref40463" refString="Mannion PD, Otero A. 2012. A reappraisal of the Late Cretaceous Argentinean sauropod dinosaur Argyrosaurus superbus, with a description of a new titanosaur genus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 32: 614 - 638." type="journal article" year="2012">Mannion & Otero, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal to the diapophyses, thin and prominent spinodiapophyseal laminae (spdl) are directed towards the lateral margin of the base of the neural spine, where they run in parallel to the lat. sprl (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[430,560,534,556]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. 13B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, between the prezygapophyses and the diapophyses, there is a deep and triangular centroprezygapophyseal fossa (cprf), which is delimited dorsally by the prdl, ventrally by the acdl and medially by the cprl (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[438,534,688,710]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[163,241,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[226,1378,204,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-290@5.[223,1381,197,1293]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. The somphospondylan sauropod Ligabuesaurus leanzai from Cerro de los Leones (Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina). A, skeletal reconstruction based on the holotype (MCF-PVPH-233) and referred material (MCF-PVPH-261) from quarry no. 4, plus the newly referred specimens from quarry no. 3 (MCF-PVPH-228, MCF-PVPH-744 and MCF- PVPH-908). B, life restoration of Ligabuesaurus leanzai as a non-titanosaurian somphospondylan by J. L. Blanco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381048/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. S4A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[145,762,197,1875]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">
|
||
The postzygapophyses have slightly concave and poorly dorsally inclined articular surfaces, with an angle of 8° with respect to the horizontal plane. A wide and shallow spinopostzygapophyseal fossa is present (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[549,650,841,863]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="5.[163,241,1332,1354]" captionTargetBox="[226,1378,204,1290]" captionTargetId="figure-290@5.[223,1381,197,1293]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 4. The somphospondylan sauropod Ligabuesaurus leanzai from Cerro de los Leones (Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina). A, skeletal reconstruction based on the holotype (MCF-PVPH-233) and referred material (MCF-PVPH-261) from quarry no. 4, plus the newly referred specimens from quarry no. 3 (MCF-PVPH-228, MCF-PVPH-744 and MCF- PVPH-908). B, life restoration of Ligabuesaurus leanzai as a non-titanosaurian somphospondylan by J. L. Blanco." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381048" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381048/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. S4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventral to the postzygapophyses, a robust cpol runs vertically towards the posterodorsal margin of the centrum, whereas the spinopostzygapophyseal lamina (spol) is directed dorsally, forming a prominent process on the distal third of the spine (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[428,552,994,1016]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. 13B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[145,762,197,1875]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">
|
||
The neural spine is dorsoventrally tall, more than two times the height of the centrum, anteroposteriorly compressed and with a slightly anterior inclination in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[332,429,1117,1139]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
|
||
). In anterior view, the spine is rhomboidal, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Hulke, 1872" authorityName="Hulke" authorityYear="1872" box="[419,755,1148,1170]" genus="Eucamerotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[419,584,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Eucamerotus</emphasis>
|
||
Hulke, 1872
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[145,305,1178,1199]" genus="Yunmenglong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,305,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Yunmenglong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the titanosaurian from Bor-Guvé (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Blows" box="[153,292,1209,1231]" firstAuthor="Blows" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="187 - 197" refId="ref35957" refString="Blows WT. 1995. The Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaurs Ornithopsis and Eucamerotus from the Isle of Wight, England. Palaeontology 38: 187 - 197." type="journal article" year="1995">Blows, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ksepka & Norell" box="[306,565,1209,1231]" firstAuthor="Ksepka" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="1 - 27" refId="ref39833" refString="Ksepka DT, Norell MA. 2010. The illusory evidence for Asian Brachiosauridae: new material of Erketu ellisoni and a phylogenetic reappraisal of basal Titanosauriformes. American Museum Novitates 3700: 1 - 27." type="journal article" year="2010">Ksepka & Norell 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[579,746,1209,1231]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="202 - 213" refId="ref40205" refString="Lu J, Xu L, Pu H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Jia S, Wei X. 2013. A new sauropod dinosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Cretaceous of the Ruyang Basin (central China). Cretaceous Research 44: 202 - 213." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lü
|
||
<emphasis box="[619,676,1209,1231]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and transversely expanded (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[470,572,1240,1262]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Figs 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[585,612,1240,1261]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="21.[164,244,728,750]" captionTargetBox="[258,1346,198,685]" captionTargetId="figure-581@21.[255,1349,195,688]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 14. Photograph and line drawing of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior view.Abbreviations:acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseallamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381070/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">14</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lateral margins are rounded, exceeding the lateral margins of the centrum, a condition considered an autapomorphic feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[261,430,1332,1353]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[261,430,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[145,762,197,1875]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">
|
||
In
|
||
<emphasis box="[201,430,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">MCF-PVPH-233/03</emphasis>
|
||
and MCF-PVPH-908, part of the lateral expansion of the spine is enhanced by the prominence of the spdl, unlike the posterior cervical vertebra
|
||
<emphasis box="[255,491,1454,1475]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">MCF-PVPH-233/02</emphasis>
|
||
, in which the lat. sprl runs dorsally through the lateral margins of the spine. The anterior surface of the spine is slightly concave in lateral view, with the lateral and dorsal margins of the apex particularly thick owing to the prominence of sprl and prsl, respectively (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[403,497,1608,1630]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. 13C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[145,762,197,1875]" lastBlockId="22.[809,1425,197,617]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">
|
||
Medially, a laminar complex is composed by the med. sprl, which merges with the prsl, at least close to the distal portion of the spine (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[499,600,1700,1722]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Figs 13A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[614,641,1700,1721]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="21.[164,244,728,750]" captionTargetBox="[258,1346,198,685]" captionTargetId="figure-581@21.[255,1349,195,688]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 14. Photograph and line drawing of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior view.Abbreviations:acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseallamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381070/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">14</figureCitation>
|
||
). In MCF-PVPH-908, the prsl runs from the base to the apex of the neural spine, being more prominent medially (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="21.[164,244,728,750]" captionTargetBox="[258,1346,198,685]" captionTargetId="figure-581@21.[255,1349,195,688]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 14. Photograph and line drawing of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior view.Abbreviations:acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseallamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381070/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas in
|
||
<emphasis box="[332,565,1792,1813]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">MCF-PVPH-233/03</emphasis>
|
||
the prsl is short and reduced to the apex of the spine (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[566,689,1822,1844]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[166,1440,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[163,1443,196,1757]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposedasauniquelyderivedfeatureofLigabuesaurusleanzainotpresentinanyothersauropods.B–K,comparativeoutlines of sauropod coracoids: B, Neuquensaurus MLP-Ly-14; C, Saltasaurus PVL-4017-100; D, Quetecsaurus UNCUYO-LD-300.15; E, Opisthocoelicaudia ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F, Dreadnoughtus MPM-PV-1156; G, Tapuiasaurus MZSP-PV-807; H, Uberabatitan CPP-1109-UrHo; I, Suuwassea ANS 21122; J, Patagotitan MPEF-PV-3400/24; K, Zby ML 368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 (L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/03 (M) and MCF- PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from González Riga et al. (2019). Not to scale. Scale bar: 10 cm in L–N." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Figs 5M, N</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[701,747,1822,1843]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">13A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The spinoprezygapophyseal fossa is slightly deeper and wider in MCF-PVPH-908 than in
|
||
<emphasis box="[1196,1425,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">MCF-PVPH-233/03</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[818,904,227,249]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="21.[164,244,728,750]" captionTargetBox="[258,1346,198,685]" captionTargetId="figure-581@21.[255,1349,195,688]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="Figure 14. Photograph and line drawing of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-908 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior view.Abbreviations:acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseallamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprf, spinoprezygapophyseal fossa; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381070" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381070/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), but the different extensions of the prsl between MCF-PVPH-908 and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1183,1425,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">MCF-PVPH-233/02</emphasis>
|
||
would depend either on the poor preserved condition of the anterior dorsal vertebra of the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1223,1320,319,341]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
or on the different ontogenetic stages of the specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson JA" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="639 - 653" refId="ref44261" refString="Wilson JA. 1999. A nomenclature for vertebral laminae in sauropods and other saurischian dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 639 - 653." type="journal article" year="1999">Wilson, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson JA" box="[875,930,381,402]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="91 - 110" refId="ref44371" refString="Wilson JA. 2012. New vertebral laminae and patterns of serial variation in vertebral laminae of sauropod dinosaurs. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan 32: 91 - 110." type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wedel & Taylor" box="[941,1177,381,403]" firstAuthor="Wedel" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="78214" refId="ref43419" refString="Taylor MP, Wedel MJ. 2013. The effect of intervertebral cartilage on neutral posture and range of motion in the necks of sauropod dinosaurs. PLoS One 8: e 78214." type="journal article" year="2013">Wedel & Taylor, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido & Sander" firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="335 - 387" refId="ref37152" refString="Carballido JL, Sander PM. 2013. Postcranial axial skeleton of Europasaurus holgeri (Dinosauria, Camarasauromorpha): implications for ontogeny and phylogenetic relationships of basal Macronaria. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 12: 335 - 387." type="journal article" year="2013">Carballido & Sander, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), or a combination of both conditions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[809,1425,197,617]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">
|
||
The posterior surface of the neural spine is transversely convex, with a medial laminar complex that consists of spol and posl. In both MCF-PVPH-908 and
|
||
<emphasis box="[858,1086,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">MCF-PVPH-233/02</emphasis>
|
||
anterior dorsal vertebrae, the posl is low and reduced to the distal third of the spine (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[817,912,595,617]" captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="20.[145,228,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[305,1265,199,1632]" captionTargetId="figure-24@20.[302,1268,196,1635]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 13. Photographs and line drawings of the anterior dorsal vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/03 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), posterior (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; lat. sprl, lateral spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; med. sprl, medial spinoprezygapophyseal lamina; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tprl, intraprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381068" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381068/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. 13B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[809,1426,655,1873]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1274,655,677]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">
|
||
Middle dorsal vertebra Dv-05? (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1192,1274,656,677]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[163,246,1746,1768]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,1296,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-546@23.[166,1440,1293,1707]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Photograph and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/04 and MCF- PVPH-233/05 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381072/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">
|
||
Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[970,1055,686,708]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[166,1440,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[163,1443,196,1757]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposedasauniquelyderivedfeatureofLigabuesaurusleanzainotpresentinanyothersauropods.B–K,comparativeoutlines of sauropod coracoids: B, Neuquensaurus MLP-Ly-14; C, Saltasaurus PVL-4017-100; D, Quetecsaurus UNCUYO-LD-300.15; E, Opisthocoelicaudia ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F, Dreadnoughtus MPM-PV-1156; G, Tapuiasaurus MZSP-PV-807; H, Uberabatitan CPP-1109-UrHo; I, Suuwassea ANS 21122; J, Patagotitan MPEF-PV-3400/24; K, Zby ML 368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 (L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/03 (M) and MCF- PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from González Riga et al. (2019). Not to scale. Scale bar: 10 cm in L–N." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. S5</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This almost complete dorsal vertebra (
|
||
<emphasis box="[932,1174,717,738]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">MCF-PVPH-233/04</emphasis>
|
||
) is articulated with the next element and preserves the centrum and most of the neural arch. However, the vertebra is deformed transversely, and only the anterior and right lateral surfaces have been prepared. Considering the morphology of the ventral surface of the centrum, the relative position of the parapophysis on the neural arch and with respect to the diapophysis and the posterior inclination of the neural spine,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1188,1425,962,983]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">MCF-PVPH-233/04</emphasis>
|
||
is here reinterpreted as a middle dorsal vertebra and not as a posterior one (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1141,1216,1024,1045]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">contra</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[1359,1418,1023,1045]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Considering that the anterior articular surface of
|
||
<emphasis box="[840,1081,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">MCF-PVPH-233/04</emphasis>
|
||
is convex and the posterior articular surface of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1050,1288,1115,1136]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">MCF-PVPH-233/05</emphasis>
|
||
is concave, both dorsal vertebrae are recorded as opisthocoelous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[809,1426,655,1873]" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">
|
||
In anterior view, the centrum of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1196,1425,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">MCF-PVPH-233/04</emphasis>
|
||
is squared, wider than high and longer than tall in lateral view. The ventral surface is convex transversely and concave anteroposteriorly, with no ventrolateral crests, medial keel or longitudinal carinae. Laterally, most of the dorsal half of the centrum is occupied by a large and oval pleurocoel, which has an anterior rounded margin and tapers posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1322,1408,1391,1413]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[163,246,1746,1768]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,1296,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-546@23.[166,1440,1293,1707]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Photograph and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/04 and MCF- PVPH-233/05 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381072/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). A bone septum divides the pleurocoel into a wide and deeper anterior subfossa and a shallow and oval posterior subfossa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="22.[809,1426,655,1873]" lastBlockId="23.[163,780,197,1231]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="1356" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">
|
||
The neural arch occupies almost all of the dorsal surface of the centrum and is slightly anteriorly directed in lateral view, whereas the neural spine is strongly projected backward (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1287,1371,1606,1628]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[163,246,1746,1768]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,1296,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-546@23.[166,1440,1293,1707]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Photograph and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/04 and MCF- PVPH-233/05 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381072/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Calvo & Bonaparte" authorityYear="1991" box="[847,999,1637,1658]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Andesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[847,999,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Andesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Riggs" authorityYear="1903" box="[1019,1207,1637,1658]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1019,1207,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="You et al., 2008" authorityName="You" authorityYear="2008" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Daxiatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1228,1367,1637,1658]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Daxiatitan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="You" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="You" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref44768" refString="You HL, Li DQ, Zhou LQ, Ji Q. 2008. Daxiatitan binglingi: a giant sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China. Gansu Geology 17: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
You
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,875,1667,1689]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pang & Cheng" authorityYear="2000" box="[975,1152,1667,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[975,1152,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Huabeisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Borsuk-Bialynicka" authorityYear="1977" box="[1173,1417,1667,1688]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Opisthocoelicaudia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1173,1417,1667,1688]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Opisthocoelicaudia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lu et al., 2009" authorityName="Lu" authorityYear="2009" box="[809,1203,1698,1720]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Ruyangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1003,1699,1720]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Ruyangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[1015,1203,1698,1720]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref40154" refString="Lu JC, Xu L, Jia SH, Zhang XL, Zhang JM, Yang LL, You HL, Ji Q. 2009. A new gigantic sauropod dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Ruyang, Henan, China. Geological Bulletin of China 28: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Lü
|
||
<emphasis box="[1060,1124,1698,1720]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte & Powell" authorityYear="1980" box="[1272,1425,1698,1719]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1272,1425,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">Saltasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[818,1004,1728,1751]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref39532" refString="Janensch WJ. 1950. The vertebral column of Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Janensch, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borsuk-Bialynicka" box="[1021,1322,1729,1751]" firstAuthor="Borsuk-Bialynicka" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="5 - 64" refId="ref36375" refString="Borsuk-Bialynicka M. 1977. A new camarasaurid sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii gen. n., sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologica Polonica 37: 5 - 64." type="journal article" year="1977">Borsuk-Białynicka, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Powell" firstAuthor="Powell" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="1 - 173" refId="ref42152" refString="Powell JE. 2003. Revision of South American titanosaurid dinosaurs: palaeobiological, palaeobiogeographical and phylogenetic aspects. Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery 111: 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="2003">Powell, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="You" box="[878,1056,1759,1781]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="You" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref44768" refString="You HL, Li DQ, Zhou LQ, Ji Q. 2008. Daxiatitan binglingi: a giant sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China. Gansu Geology 17: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
You
|
||
<emphasis box="[928,986,1759,1781]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[1070,1237,1759,1781]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref40154" refString="Lu JC, Xu L, Jia SH, Zhang XL, Zhang JM, Yang LL, You HL, Ji Q. 2009. A new gigantic sauropod dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Ruyang, Henan, China. Geological Bulletin of China 28: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Lü
|
||
<emphasis box="[1109,1160,1759,1781]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[1251,1307,1759,1780]" firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="1 - 123" refId="ref40109" refString="Lu J, Pu H, Xu L, Jia S, Zhang J, Shen C. 2014. Osteology of the giant sauropod dinosaur Ruyangosaurus giganteus Lu et al., 2009. Geological Publishing House. Beijing: 1 - 123." type="book chapter" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion & Calvo" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="155 - 181" refId="ref40408" refString="Mannion PD, Calvo JO. 2011. Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Andesaurus delgadoi from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian - early Cenomanian) Rio Limay Formation, Neuquen province, Argentina: implications for titanosaur systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 155 - 181." type="journal article" year="2011">Mannion & Calvo, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" box="[983,1199,1790,1812]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355" pagination="69375" refId="ref37858" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Benson RB, Pang Q, Zhengwu C. 2013. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[1074,1131,1790,1812]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="1355">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The parapophysis is on the anterolateral portion of the neural arch and located dorsally to the anterior articular surface of the centrum and anteroventrally to the diapophysis. The articular surface of the parapophysis is subcircular in cross-section and with a slightly anterodorsal inclination. Ventrally, there is a short and robust anterior centroparapophyseal lamina (acpl) and a longer but thinner posterior centroparapophyseal lamina (pcpl). The acpl is bifid proximally, whereas it is robust distally and runs vertically towards the anterodorsal margin of the centrum. Conversely, the pcpl is inclined posteroventrally and intercepts the anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina around half of the centrum. The parapophysis and diapophysis are linked by a prominent and posterodorsally inclined paradiapophyseal lamina (ppdl).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[163,780,197,1231]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">
|
||
In
|
||
<emphasis box="[225,470,627,648]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">MCF-PVPH-233/04</emphasis>
|
||
, the prezygapophysis is oval in cross-section and transversely extended. In lateral view, the prezygoparapophyseal lamina (prpl) is incomplete, whereas the prezygodiapophyseal lamina is robust and posteriorly projected (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[682,763,749,771]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[163,246,1746,1768]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,1296,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-546@23.[166,1440,1293,1707]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Photograph and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/04 and MCF- PVPH-233/05 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381072/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Medial to the prezygapophysis, there is a long and prominent sprl. The centroprezygapophyseal lamina is fragmented and represented by a distal portion in the anterodorsal margin of the centrum. In anterior view, the ventral margin of the prezygapophysis is prominent and triangular, framing the laterodorsal edge of a diagenetically deformed hypantrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[163,780,197,1231]" lastBlockId="23.[827,1444,197,924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">
|
||
The diapophysis is poorly preserved and located posterodorsally to the parapophysis, on the posterior third of the centrum. It is oval in cross-section, dorsoventrally compressed and dorsoposteriorly inclined. A prominent spinodiapophyseal lamina originates on the dorsal margin of the diapophysis, which runs dorsally towards the neural spine and limits posteriorly a wide prezygospinodiapophyseal fossa (prsdf) on the anterodorsal portion of the neural arch (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1318,1426,227,250]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[166,1440,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[163,1443,196,1757]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposedasauniquelyderivedfeatureofLigabuesaurusleanzainotpresentinanyothersauropods.B–K,comparativeoutlines of sauropod coracoids: B, Neuquensaurus MLP-Ly-14; C, Saltasaurus PVL-4017-100; D, Quetecsaurus UNCUYO-LD-300.15; E, Opisthocoelicaudia ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F, Dreadnoughtus MPM-PV-1156; G, Tapuiasaurus MZSP-PV-807; H, Uberabatitan CPP-1109-UrHo; I, Suuwassea ANS 21122; J, Patagotitan MPEF-PV-3400/24; K, Zby ML 368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 (L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/03 (M) and MCF- PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from González Riga et al. (2019). Not to scale. Scale bar: 10 cm in L–N." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">Fig. S5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The diapophysis connects to the centrum via an anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina and a posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina. The acdl intercepts the pcpl distally, whereas the pcdl intercepts the cpol posteriorly, close to the dorsal surface of the centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[941,1020,411,434]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[163,246,1746,1768]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,1296,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-546@23.[166,1440,1293,1707]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Photograph and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/04 and MCF- PVPH-233/05 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381072/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, the parapophyseal centrodiapophyseal fossa (pacdf) is triangular and deep, whereas the centroparapophyseal fossa (cpaf) is shallow and rhomboidal (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[827,924,534,556]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[166,1440,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[163,1443,196,1757]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposedasauniquelyderivedfeatureofLigabuesaurusleanzainotpresentinanyothersauropods.B–K,comparativeoutlines of sauropod coracoids: B, Neuquensaurus MLP-Ly-14; C, Saltasaurus PVL-4017-100; D, Quetecsaurus UNCUYO-LD-300.15; E, Opisthocoelicaudia ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F, Dreadnoughtus MPM-PV-1156; G, Tapuiasaurus MZSP-PV-807; H, Uberabatitan CPP-1109-UrHo; I, Suuwassea ANS 21122; J, Patagotitan MPEF-PV-3400/24; K, Zby ML 368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 (L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/03 (M) and MCF- PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from González Riga et al. (2019). Not to scale. Scale bar: 10 cm in L–N." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">Fig. S5A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[827,1444,197,924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">
|
||
In
|
||
<emphasis box="[886,1122,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">MCF-PVPH-233/04</emphasis>
|
||
, the postzygapophyses are hidden by the prezygapophyses of the following dorsal vertebra. However, part of a wide and triangular hyposphene and a robust cpol are evident. In lateral view, the cpol is short and robust, forming the posterior edge of a wide and deep postzygocentrodiapophyseal fossa, which is delimited anteroventrally by the pcdl (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[835,911,779,801]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[163,246,1746,1768]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,1296,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-546@23.[166,1440,1293,1707]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Photograph and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/04 and MCF- PVPH-233/05 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381072/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
; Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1209,1306,779,801]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[166,1440,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[163,1443,196,1757]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposedasauniquelyderivedfeatureofLigabuesaurusleanzainotpresentinanyothersauropods.B–K,comparativeoutlines of sauropod coracoids: B, Neuquensaurus MLP-Ly-14; C, Saltasaurus PVL-4017-100; D, Quetecsaurus UNCUYO-LD-300.15; E, Opisthocoelicaudia ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F, Dreadnoughtus MPM-PV-1156; G, Tapuiasaurus MZSP-PV-807; H, Uberabatitan CPP-1109-UrHo; I, Suuwassea ANS 21122; J, Patagotitan MPEF-PV-3400/24; K, Zby ML 368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 (L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/03 (M) and MCF- PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from González Riga et al. (2019). Not to scale. Scale bar: 10 cm in L–N." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">Fig. S5A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[827,1444,197,924]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">The neural spine is incomplete and represented by a wide and transversely convex basal portion, but the neural spine seems to have been taller than the height of the centrum and posteriorly inclined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[827,1443,962,1229]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1292,962,984]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">
|
||
Middle dorsal vertebra Dv-06? (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1210,1292,962,984]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[163,246,1746,1768]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,1296,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-546@23.[166,1440,1293,1707]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Photograph and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/04 and MCF- PVPH-233/05 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381072/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">
|
||
Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1015,1115,993,1014]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[166,1440,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[163,1443,196,1757]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposedasauniquelyderivedfeatureofLigabuesaurusleanzainotpresentinanyothersauropods.B–K,comparativeoutlines of sauropod coracoids: B, Neuquensaurus MLP-Ly-14; C, Saltasaurus PVL-4017-100; D, Quetecsaurus UNCUYO-LD-300.15; E, Opisthocoelicaudia ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F, Dreadnoughtus MPM-PV-1156; G, Tapuiasaurus MZSP-PV-807; H, Uberabatitan CPP-1109-UrHo; I, Suuwassea ANS 21122; J, Patagotitan MPEF-PV-3400/24; K, Zby ML 368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 (L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/03 (M) and MCF- PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from González Riga et al. (2019). Not to scale. Scale bar: 10 cm in L–N." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">Fig. S 5</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This vertebra (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">MCF-PVPH-233/05</emphasis>
|
||
) preserves most of the centrum and the neural arch, with the basal portion of the neural spine. Only the left lateral and posterior sides are visible because it is articulated with the preceding vertebra and there is still part of the field plaster jacket hiding part of the bone. The general morphology of this vertebra resembles the previous element.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381072" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381072/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356" startId="23.[163,246,1746,1768]" targetBox="[169,1437,1296,1704]" targetPageId="23">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="23.[163,1442,1746,1886]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[163,290,1746,1768]" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Photograph and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae
|
||
<emphasis box="[1095,1319,1747,1769]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">MCF-PVPH-233/04</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">MCF-PVPH-233/05</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[352,599,1776,1798]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[352,599,1776,1798]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="1356">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in left lateral view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[145,762,197,1078]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
The centrum is slightly longer than tall in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[214,293,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[163,246,1746,1768]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,1296,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-546@23.[166,1440,1293,1707]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Photograph and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/04 and MCF- PVPH-233/05 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381072/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
) and bears a concave posterior articular surface that is oval and compressed dorsoventrally in posterior view. The ventral surface is transversely convex but more anteroposteriorly concave in lateral view than the previous vertebra, a condition that is enhanced by the prominent ventral margin of the posterior articular surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[145,762,197,1078]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
In
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,457,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">MCF-PVPH-233/05</emphasis>
|
||
, the parapophyses and diapophyses are slightly more dorsally positioned than in the previous vertebra, but connected in a similar manner with centrum through the acpl, pcpl, acdl and pcdl. The centroparapophyseal laminae are slightly longer but less posteriorly inclined than in
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">MCF-PVPH-233/04</emphasis>
|
||
, whereas the pcdl is more anteriorly inclined in
|
||
<emphasis box="[283,521,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">MCF-PVPH-233/05</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[539,621,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[163,246,1746,1768]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,1296,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-546@23.[166,1440,1293,1707]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Photograph and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/04 and MCF- PVPH-233/05 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381072/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
). Ventrally, the cdf is triangular and anteroposteriorly extended, whereas the pocdf is oval (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[145,242,749,771]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[166,1440,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[163,1443,196,1757]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposedasauniquelyderivedfeatureofLigabuesaurusleanzainotpresentinanyothersauropods.B–K,comparativeoutlines of sauropod coracoids: B, Neuquensaurus MLP-Ly-14; C, Saltasaurus PVL-4017-100; D, Quetecsaurus UNCUYO-LD-300.15; E, Opisthocoelicaudia ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F, Dreadnoughtus MPM-PV-1156; G, Tapuiasaurus MZSP-PV-807; H, Uberabatitan CPP-1109-UrHo; I, Suuwassea ANS 21122; J, Patagotitan MPEF-PV-3400/24; K, Zby ML 368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 (L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/03 (M) and MCF- PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from González Riga et al. (2019). Not to scale. Scale bar: 10 cm in L–N." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. S5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both fossae are slightly shorter than in the preceding dorsal vertebra. A posteroventrally directed pcpl divides an oval pacdf from a shorter and shallower triangular cpaf (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[616,713,841,863]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[166,1440,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[163,1443,196,1757]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposedasauniquelyderivedfeatureofLigabuesaurusleanzainotpresentinanyothersauropods.B–K,comparativeoutlines of sauropod coracoids: B, Neuquensaurus MLP-Ly-14; C, Saltasaurus PVL-4017-100; D, Quetecsaurus UNCUYO-LD-300.15; E, Opisthocoelicaudia ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F, Dreadnoughtus MPM-PV-1156; G, Tapuiasaurus MZSP-PV-807; H, Uberabatitan CPP-1109-UrHo; I, Suuwassea ANS 21122; J, Patagotitan MPEF-PV-3400/24; K, Zby ML 368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 (L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/03 (M) and MCF- PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from González Riga et al. (2019). Not to scale. Scale bar: 10 cm in L–N." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. S5A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[145,762,197,1078]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">The postzygapophyses are oval, transversely wide and slightly reduced anteroposteriorly. They are linked with the neural spine by a long and prominent spinopostzygapophyseal lamina.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[145,762,197,1078]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
In lateral view, the neural spine slopes posteriorly, slightly more than in
|
||
<emphasis box="[400,633,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">MCF-PVPH-233/04</emphasis>
|
||
, exceeding the posterior articular surface of the centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[671,746,1056,1078]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="23.[163,246,1746,1768]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,1296,1704]" captionTargetId="figure-546@23.[166,1440,1293,1707]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 15. Photograph and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/04 and MCF- PVPH-233/05 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral view. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381072" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381072/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[145,762,1118,1907]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,616,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
Posterior dorsal vertebra Dv-07? (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[536,616,1118,1140]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[333,433,1149,1171]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. S 6</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The specimen (MCF-PVPH-228/03) is articulated with the next element and comprises the centrum and most of the neural arch. It lacks the neural spine and shows signs of diagenetic deformations caused by transversal plastic compressions on the right side. By comparing with most complete sauropod dorsal series (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Riggs" authorityYear="1903" box="[584,754,1333,1354]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[584,754,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Haplocanthosaurus" authorityName="Haplocanthosaurus" box="[145,532,1364,1385]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,274,1364,1385]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,532,1364,1385]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Haplocanthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[599,753,1364,1385]" class="Reptilia" family="Aeolosauridae" genus="Overosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[599,753,1364,1385]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Overosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hatcher" box="[145,309,1394,1416]" firstAuthor="Hatcher" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref39144" refString="Hatcher JB. 1903. Osteology of Haplocanthosaurus with description of a new species and some remarks on the probable habits of the Sauropoda and the age and origin of the Atlantosaurus beds. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 2: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1903">Hatcher, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[325,506,1394,1416]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref39532" refString="Janensch WJ. 1950. The vertebral column of Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Janensch, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wilson & Upchurch, 2009;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Coria" box="[216,420,1425,1447]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Coria" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357" pagination="357 - 376" refId="ref37494" refString="Coria RA, Filippi LS, Chiappe LM, Garcia R, Arcucci AB. 2013. Overosaurus paradasorum gen. et sp. nov., a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauria: Lithostrotia) from the Late Cretaceous of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 3683: 357 - 376." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Coria
|
||
<emphasis box="[290,349,1425,1447]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), MCF-PVPH-228/03 is here considered as a posterior dorsal vertebra, probably the seventh, to show a relative short centrum and a tall neural arch, with the parapophysis well above the anterior articular surface of the centum but anterodorsally displaced with respect to the diapophysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[145,762,1118,1907]" lastBlockId="24.[809,1426,197,1231]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
In lateral view, the centrum is slightly longer than tall, with a convex anterior articular surface and an anteroposteriorly concave ventral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[648,745,1701,1723]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the anterodorsal margin of the lateral side there is a deep and oval pleurocoel, which is divided by a septum into a wide and deep anterior subfossa and a shorter and shallower posterior one. In turn, an accessory septum in the anterior subfossa of the right lateral side of the centrum delimits an oval and shorter ventral subfossa and a deep dorsal subfossa, which shows several accessory septa and internal chambers. An artefactual fracture on the left lateral side shows a somphospondylan internal structure of the centrum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wedel MJ & Cifelli RL & Sanders RK" box="[817,1016,319,341]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357" pagination="109 - 114" refId="ref43913" refString="Wedel MJ, Cifelli RL, Sanders RK. 2000 a. A Sauroposeidon proteles, a new sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of Oklahoma. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 109 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Wedel
|
||
<emphasis box="[893,949,319,341]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), suggesting a high pneumatization in the presacral vertebrae of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1162,1338,350,371]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1162,1338,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is a synapomorphy shared with several derived Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[1035,1277,411,433]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[1154,1210,411,433]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[809,1426,197,1231]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
The neural arch occupies almost the entire dorsal surface of the centrum and exhibits a gentle anterior inclination (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[959,1062,503,525]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The parapophyses are oval, anterolaterally directed and surpass the anterior articular surface of the centrum in lateral view.Ventrally, they link with the centum via a subvertical acpl (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 16A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) and a longer and posteriorly inclined pcpl (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 16A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pcpl delimits the pleurocoel dorsally. A poorly preserved lamina runs from the posterodorsal margin of the parapophysis towards the diapophysis, forming a short and thin ppdl (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1066,1192,749,771]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 16A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The diapophysis is incomplete and represented by the oval basal portion, which is placed in a posterodorsal position with respect to the parapophysis in lateral view. The acdl is prominent and slopes in a gentle anteroventral direction (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[817,907,902,924]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas the pcdl is slightly longer and almost vertical, merging with the pcpl around half of the dorsal surface of the centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1087,1183,963,985]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, the ppdl, acdl and pcpl enclose dorsally, posteriorly and ventrally a wide and deep pacdf in the anterolateral side of the neural arch (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1314,1411,1055,1077]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. S6A</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas a smaller and triangular cdf opens between the acdl, pcdl and pcpl beyond the pleurocoel. In anterior view, the prezygapophyses are strongly deformed, and only the oval basal portion of the left prezygapophysis can be observed (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[998,1089,1209,1231]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 16B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[809,1426,1269,1904]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1279,1269,1290]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
Posterior dorsal vertebra Dv-08? (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1200,1279,1269,1290]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[955,1030,1299,1321]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig.S6</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The specimen MCF-PVPH-228/04 is represented by a well-preserved centrum and a deformed neural arch, which includes part of the basal portion of the neural spine. The general morphology of this posterior dorsal vertebra resembles the preceding element.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[809,1426,1269,1904]" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
The centrum is quadrangular in lateral view, slightly longer than tall, but strongly deformed transversely in posterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[992,1089,1545,1567]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The pleurocoel is wide and oval, with well-defined anterior and posterior margins (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[817,911,1606,1628]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="24.[809,1426,1269,1904]" lastBlockId="25.[163,779,1506,1651]" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="1358" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">
|
||
The parapophysis and diapophysis are taller than in the previous vertebra, but they are poorly preserved in both lateral sides of the neural arch. The centroparapophyseal laminae and the pcdl are long and posteroventrally inclined, whereas the acdl is not preserved. In lateral view, the centroparapophyseal laminae delimit posteriorly a deep and dorsoventrally tall prcdf, whereas together with pcdl and pcpl they enclose a tall pacdf (Supporting Information,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1316,1411,1882,1904]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionTargetBox="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetId="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="1357">Fig. S6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In posterior view, the postzygapophyses are incomplete and transversely deformed, although parts of robust cpol are preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[412,516,1568,1590]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">Fig. 16C</figureCitation>
|
||
). MCF-PVPH-228/04 preserves the basal portion of the neural spine, which is dorsoposteriorly inclined (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[485,580,1629,1651]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" captionTargetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" captionTargetId="figure-223@25.[166,1440,193,1243]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 16. Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF- PVPH-228/04 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">Fig. 16A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381075" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381075/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358" startId="25.[160,243,1283,1305]" targetBox="[169,1437,196,1240]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[160,1443,1283,1452]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[160,287,1283,1305]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">Figure 16.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the mid-posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-228/03 and MCF-PVPH-228/04 of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[336,573,1312,1334]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[336,573,1312,1334]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in left lateral (A), anterior (B) and posterior (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; acpl, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; hypa, hypantrum; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pcpl, posterior centroparapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; poz, postzygapophysis; ppdl, parapophysisdiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; spol, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[163,779,1694,1900]" lastBlockId="25.[827,1443,1506,1896]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,634,1694,1716]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">
|
||
Posterior dorsal vertebra Dv-09? (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[555,634,1695,1716]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
):
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,219,1725,1747]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
briefly described two articulated posterior dorsal vertebrae from quarry no. 4, but figured only the most anterior element of the block in anterior view (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">MCF-PVPH-233/06</emphasis>
|
||
). Both elements exhibit strong diagenetic deformation and are partly overlapping, but we consider
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,414,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">MCF-PVPH-233/06</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[487,738,1878,1899]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">MCF-PVPH-233/07</emphasis>
|
||
as posterior dorsal vertebrae, probably ninth and tenth, to preserve tall and dorsally directed neural spines, in addition to high and jointed postzygapophyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[827,1443,1506,1896]" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">
|
||
Thecentrumof
|
||
<emphasis box="[1020,1248,1598,1619]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">MCF-PVPH-233/06</emphasis>
|
||
isopisthocoelous, dorsoventrally compressed and wider than tall. There is an oval and deep pleurocoel on the anterodorsal margin of the lateral surface that slopes gently in an anteroventral direction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="25.[827,1443,1506,1896]" lastBlockId="26.[145,761,197,464]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="1359" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">
|
||
The anterior opening of the neural canal is wide and triangular, whereas the posterior one is shorter and rather oval. In anterior view, the prezygapophyses are almost flat and with a slight medial inclination (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[835,926,1874,1896]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="1358">Fig.17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A robust and rather vertical cprl runs distally from the ventral surface of the prezygapophyses, which form tall neural arch pedicels.The prezygapophyses are linked medially by a prominent and slightly concave tprl, which delimits dorsally the neural canal on the anterior surface of the vertebra. A short and thin sprl goes from the dorsal surface of the prezygapophyses towards the basal portion of the neural spine with a slight medial inclination, where it connects with a low and short prsl (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[320,414,442,464]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="1359">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[809,1426,197,464]" lastBlockId="27.[163,780,197,986]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="1360" pageId="26" pageNumber="1359">
|
||
The diapophyses are incomplete, laterally directed and oval in cross-section, being tall and with strong anteroposterior compression in lateral view. Dorsally, the spdl is long and prominent, forming the lateral margin of the neural spine, whereas a posteroventrally directed pcdl links the diapophysis with the posterior half of the centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1061,1162,381,403]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="1359">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two robust and tall cpol are preserved on the posterior surface of the neural arch. In the specimen
|
||
<emphasis box="[1177,1418,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1359">MCF-PVPH-233/06</emphasis>
|
||
, the hyposphene is wide, posteriorly prominent and ventrally bifid, with infrahyposphenial crests (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in several Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[635,773,259,280]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[635,773,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Riggs" authorityYear="1903" box="[163,338,289,310]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,338,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Ratkevich, 1998" authorityName="Ratkevich" authorityYear="1998" box="[354,725,289,311]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sonorasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[354,521,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Sonorasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ratkevich" box="[530,725,289,311]" firstAuthor="Ratkevich" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="71 - 82" refId="ref42183" refString="Ratkevich R. 1998. New Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaur, Sonorasaurus thompsoni gen. et sp. nov., from Arizona. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 31: 71 - 82." type="journal article" year="1998">Ratkevich, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin, Buffetaut & Suteethorn" authorityYear="1994" box="[163,370,320,341]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,370,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Phuwiangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Riggs" box="[383,515,320,342]" firstAuthor="Riggs" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="299 - 306" refId="ref42266" refString="Riggs ES. 1903. Brachiosaurus altithorax, the largest known dinosaur. American Journal of Science 15: 299 - 306." type="journal article" year="1903">Riggs, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[528,704,320,342]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[718,773,320,342]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref39532" refString="Janensch WJ. 1950. The vertebral column of Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" box="[163,374,350,372]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="1085 - 1092" refId="ref40734" refString="Martin V, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V. 1994. A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua Formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of northeastern Thailand. Comptes Rendus de l' Academie des Sciences Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planets 319: 1085 - 1092." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis box="[250,306,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ratkevich" box="[386,569,350,372]" firstAuthor="Ratkevich" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="71 - 82" refId="ref42183" refString="Ratkevich R. 1998. New Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaur, Sonorasaurus thompsoni gen. et sp. nov., from Arizona. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 31: 71 - 82." type="journal article" year="1998">Ratkevich, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suteethorn" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Suteethorn" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="189 - 215" refId="ref43294" refString="Suteethorn S, Le Loeuff J, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V, Talubmook C, Chonglakmani C. 2009. A new skeleton of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from NE Thailand. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 315: 189 - 215." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Suteethorn
|
||
<emphasis box="[717,773,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor" box="[231,373,381,403]" firstAuthor="Taylor" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="787 - 806" refId="ref43380" refString="Taylor MP. 2009. A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch 1914). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 787 - 806." type="journal article" year="2009">Taylor, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" box="[386,605,381,403]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="102 - 132" refId="ref37814" refString="D'Emic MD, Foreman BZ, Jud NA. 2016. Anatomy, systematics, paleoenvironment, growth, and age of the sauropod dinosaur Sonorasaurus thompsoni from the Cretaceous of Arizona, USA. Journal of Paleontology 90: 102 - 132." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[478,536,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the basal titanosaurian
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Calvo & Bonaparte, 1991)" baseAuthorityName="Calvo & Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[325,773,412,434]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Andesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[325,461,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Andesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Calvo & Bonaparte" box="[476,762,412,434]" firstAuthor="Calvo" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="303 - 310" refId="ref36494" refString="Calvo JO, Bonaparte JF. 1991. Andesaurus delgadoi gen. et. sp. nov. (Saurischia - Sauropoda), dinosaurio Titanosauridae de la Formacion Rio Limay (Albiano - Cenomaniano), Neuquen, Argentina. Ameghiniana 28: 303 - 310." type="journal article" year="1991">Calvo & Bonaparte, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="1359" startId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" targetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="26.[145,1425,1749,1888]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1359">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,262,1749,1771]" pageId="26" pageNumber="1359">Figure 17.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae
|
||
<emphasis box="[952,1162,1749,1771]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1359">MCF-PVPH-233/06</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1215,1424,1749,1771]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1359">MCF-PVPH-233/07</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[171,415,1778,1800]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="26" pageNumber="1359" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[171,415,1778,1800]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="1359">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[163,780,197,986]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">
|
||
The neural spine is tall, more than two times the height of the centrum, and anteroposteriorly short, with a gentle anterior inclination in lateral view. In anterior view, the spine is almost rectangular, with the lateral margin being straight and slightly divergent distally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[270,370,596,618]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the distal third of the spine, two accessory spinodiapophyseal laminae (acc. spdl) run medially from the lateral margin of the spine to connect with the sprl, forming a ‘cross-shape’ complex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[172,275,718,740]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Salgado & Coria, 2009" authorityName="Salgado & Coria" authorityYear="2009" class="Reptilia" genus="Barrosasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[374,555,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Barrosasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado & Coria" firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="16" refId="ref42655" refString="Salgado L, Coria RA. 2009. Barrosasaurus casamiquelai gen. et sp. nov., a new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous: Early Campanian) of Sierra Barrosa (Neuquen, Argentina). Zootaxa 2222: e 16." type="journal article" year="2009">Salgado & Coria, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Riggs" authorityYear="1903" box="[235,408,749,770]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[235,408,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wedel, Cifelli & Sanders" authorityYear="2000" box="[469,644,749,770]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[469,644,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref39532" refString="Janensch WJ. 1950. The vertebral column of Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Janensch, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[230,351,780,801]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado & Coria" box="[363,616,780,802]" firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="16" refId="ref42655" refString="Salgado L, Coria RA. 2009. Barrosasaurus casamiquelai gen. et sp. nov., a new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Anacleto Formation (Late Cretaceous: Early Campanian) of Sierra Barrosa (Neuquen, Argentina). Zootaxa 2222: e 16." type="journal article" year="2009">Salgado & Coria, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The anterior surface of neural spine is transversely concave, although a prominent prsl is present medially through the preserved portion of the neural spine, especially where it connects with acc. spdl; these laminae, together with the spdl, delimit a short, crescent-shaped and ventrally deep fossa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[163,780,1018,1899]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,694,1018,1040]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">
|
||
Posterior dorsal vertebra Dv-10? (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[606,694,1018,1040]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 17</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
): This vertebra preserves most of the neural arch; however, only the left prezygapophysis, the basal portions of diapophyses, the anteroventral half of the neural spine and the posterior side of the neural arch are exposed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[163,780,1018,1899]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">
|
||
In the specimen
|
||
<emphasis box="[366,590,1172,1193]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">MCF-PVPH-233/07</emphasis>
|
||
, the diapophyses are tall and anteroposteriorly compressed in lateral view, whereas they are laterally directed and with a slight ventral inclination in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[569,661,1264,1286]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). A simple and long spdl runs upwards from the dorsal margin of the diapophysis, forming part of the lateral margin of the neural spine (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[318,442,1356,1378]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 17A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). There is a vertical accessory spdl that runs parallel to a thin prsl (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[613,712,1386,1408]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 17A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The postzygapophyses bear wide and flat articular surfaces, with a slight lateroventral inclination in posterior view. A prominent cpol with a gentle lateroventral inclination goes towards the centrum, whereas there are robust and wide spol running towards the distal half of the neural spine (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[317,409,1570,1592]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[163,780,1018,1899]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">
|
||
Between the postzygapophyses, a prominent and wide process forms the accessory articular complex of the hyposphene, as in
|
||
<emphasis box="[513,771,1662,1684]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">MCF-PVPH- 233/06</emphasis>
|
||
. The hyposphene is ventrally bifid, bearing infrahyposphenal crests (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Apesteguia" box="[499,722,1723,1746]" firstAuthor="Apesteguia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="321 - 345" refId="ref35452" refString="Apesteguia S. 2005. 15. Evolution of the titanosaur metacarpus. In: Tidwell V, Carpenter K, eds. Thunder-lizards. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 321 - 345." type="book chapter" year="2005">Apesteguía, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as in several Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Calvo & Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[620,771,1754,1775]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Andesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[620,771,1754,1775]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Andesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Riggs" authorityYear="1903" box="[163,336,1785,1806]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,336,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Paul" authorityYear="1988" box="[351,495,1785,1806]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[351,495,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin, Buffetaut & Suteethorn" authorityYear="1994" box="[511,725,1785,1806]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[511,725,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Phuwiangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ratkevich" authorityYear="1998" box="[163,328,1816,1837]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sonorasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,328,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Sonorasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Riggs" box="[343,481,1815,1837]" firstAuthor="Riggs" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="299 - 306" refId="ref42266" refString="Riggs ES. 1903. Brachiosaurus altithorax, the largest known dinosaur. American Journal of Science 15: 299 - 306." type="journal article" year="1903">Riggs, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[497,680,1815,1837]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="1085 - 1092" refId="ref40734" refString="Martin V, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V. 1994. A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua Formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of northeastern Thailand. Comptes Rendus de l' Academie des Sciences Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planets 319: 1085 - 1092." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,219,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Suteethorn" box="[300,559,1846,1868]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Suteethorn" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="189 - 215" refId="ref43294" refString="Suteethorn S, Le Loeuff J, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V, Talubmook C, Chonglakmani C. 2009. A new skeleton of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from NE Thailand. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 315: 189 - 215." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Suteethorn
|
||
<emphasis box="[435,491,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion & Calvo" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="155 - 181" refId="ref40408" refString="Mannion PD, Calvo JO. 2011. Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Andesaurus delgadoi from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian - early Cenomanian) Rio Limay Formation, Neuquen province, Argentina: implications for titanosaur systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 155 - 181." type="journal article" year="2011">Mannion & Calvo, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" box="[230,443,1877,1899]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="102 - 132" refId="ref37814" refString="D'Emic MD, Foreman BZ, Jud NA. 2016. Anatomy, systematics, paleoenvironment, growth, and age of the sauropod dinosaur Sonorasaurus thompsoni from the Cretaceous of Arizona, USA. Journal of Paleontology 90: 102 - 132." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[320,376,1877,1899]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[827,1444,197,464]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">
|
||
In the specimen
|
||
<emphasis box="[1057,1298,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">MCF-PVPH-233/07</emphasis>
|
||
, the neural spine is rectangular, with almost vertical lateral margins, which exhibit only gentle divergence distally in anterior and posterior views (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1299,1428,289,311]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 17A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, it is dorsally directed and exhibits strong anteroposterior compression. The posl is prominent in the basal portion of the neural spine, becoming thin longitudinally as short grooves more distally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[930,1026,442,464]" captionStart="Figure 17" captionStartId="26.[145,223,1749,1771]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,532,1706]" captionTargetId="figure-176@26.[148,1422,529,1709]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 17. Photographs and line drawings of the posterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/06 and MCF-PVPH-233/07 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A) and posterior (B) views. Abbreviations: acc. spdl, accessory spinodiapophyseal lamina; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; hypo, hyposphene; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; prsl, prespinal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381077" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381077/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 17B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[827,1444,497,1898]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1379,497,518]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">
|
||
Anterior caudal vertebra Ca-02? (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1244,1379,497,518]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="28.[149,228,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,887,1720]" captionTargetId="figure-446@28.[151,1424,884,1723]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 18. Photographs and line drawings of the caudal vertebra and dorsal rib of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, anterior caudal vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/15 in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) views. F, G, dorsal rib MCF-PVPH-228/10 in medial view (F), with a detail of the internal pneumatic structure on the process of the capitulum (G). Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cap, capitulum; nc, neural canal; pas, posterior articular surface; rs, rib shaft; tp, transverse process; tub, tuberculum; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381079/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 18A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
):The new specimen MCF-PVPH-261/15 preserves most of the centrum, lacking part of the lateral side of the anterior surface, the proximal portions of the transverse processes and part of the neural arch. MCF-PVPH-261/15 was founded close to the sacrum of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[858,1038,681,702]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[858,1038,681,702]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1132,1184,681,702]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">type</typeStatus>
|
||
quarry no. 4 (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1364,1434,681,703]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="3.[163,241,912,934]" captionTargetBox="[230,1376,198,869]" captionTargetId="figure-411@3.[227,1379,195,872]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Figure 3. Original picture of quarry no. 4 during the fieldwork of 2004 (A) and a quarry map with tentative arrangement of the holotype (in red) and referred material (in blue) of Ligabuesaurus leanzai (B). Abbreviations: ant, anterior; s/n, without collection number; v, vertebra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381046" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381046/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
) and is therefore considered to be an anterior caudal vertebra, probably the second, showing a short and tall centrum and well-developed transverse processes on the dorsolateral margin of the centrum, as in other anterior caudal elements of titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Calvo & Bonaparte" baseAuthorityYear="1991" box="[881,1019,865,886]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Andesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[881,1019,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Andesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Riggs" authorityYear="1903" box="[1033,1202,865,886]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1033,1202,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Del Corro" authorityYear="1975" box="[1217,1391,865,886]" class="Reptilia" genus="Chubutisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1217,1391,865,886]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Chubutisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Carballido et al., 2015" authorityName="Carballido" authorityYear="2015" box="[827,1248,895,917]" genus="Padillasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,988,895,916]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Padillasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[995,1248,895,917]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="980505" refId="ref37050" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Parra Ruge ML, Padilla Bernal S, Paramo-Fonseca ME, Etayo-Serna F. 2015. A new Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid (Dinosauria, Neosauropoda) from northwestern Gondwana (Villa de Leiva, Colombia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35: e 980505." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[1123,1180,895,917]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[1261,1437,895,917]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref39532" refString="Janensch WJ. 1950. The vertebral column of Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Janensch, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion & Calvo" box="[827,1095,926,948]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="155 - 181" refId="ref40408" refString="Mannion PD, Calvo JO. 2011. Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Andesaurus delgadoi from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian - early Cenomanian) Rio Limay Formation, Neuquen province, Argentina: implications for titanosaur systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 155 - 181." type="journal article" year="2011">Mannion & Calvo, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[1108,1358,926,948]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="93 - 110" refId="ref36951" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Cerda I, Salgado L. 2011. The osteology of Chubutisaurus insignis del Corro, 1975 (Dinosauria: Neosauropoda) from the ' middle' Cretaceous of central Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 93 - 110." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[1234,1283,926,948]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido JL & Pol D & Parra Ruge ML & Padilla Bernal S & Paramo-Fonseca ME & Etayo-Serna F" box="[1370,1425,926,948]" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="980505" refId="ref37050" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Parra Ruge ML, Padilla Bernal S, Paramo-Fonseca ME, Etayo-Serna F. 2015. A new Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid (Dinosauria, Neosauropoda) from northwestern Gondwana (Villa de Leiva, Colombia). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 35: e 980505." type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="27.[827,1444,497,1898]" lastBlockId="28.[145,762,197,679]" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="1361" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">
|
||
In lateral view, the centrum is rectangular, anteroposteriorly short and dorsventrally tall (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1338,1429,987,1009]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="28.[149,228,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,887,1720]" captionTargetId="figure-446@28.[151,1424,884,1723]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 18. Photographs and line drawings of the caudal vertebra and dorsal rib of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, anterior caudal vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/15 in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) views. F, G, dorsal rib MCF-PVPH-228/10 in medial view (F), with a detail of the internal pneumatic structure on the process of the capitulum (G). Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cap, capitulum; nc, neural canal; pas, posterior articular surface; rs, rib shaft; tp, transverse process; tub, tuberculum; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381079/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Del Corro" authorityYear="1975" box="[884,1052,1018,1039]" class="Reptilia" genus="Chubutisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[884,1052,1018,1039]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Chubutisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pang & Cheng" authorityYear="2000" box="[1062,1219,1018,1039]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1062,1219,1018,1039]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Huabeisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wedel, Cifelli & Sanders" authorityYear="2000" box="[1230,1395,1018,1039]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1230,1395,1018,1039]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Canudo et al., 2008" authorityName="Canudo" authorityYear="2008" box="[827,1214,1049,1071]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1000,1049,1070]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Tastavinsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Canudo" box="[1005,1214,1049,1071]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="712 - 731" refId="ref36724" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. 2008. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 712 - 731." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis box="[1097,1150,1049,1070]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[1228,1345,1049,1070]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Canudo" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="712 - 731" refId="ref36724" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. 2008. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 712 - 731." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,882,1079,1101]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[961,1206,1079,1101]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="93 - 110" refId="ref36951" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Cerda I, Salgado L. 2011. The osteology of Chubutisaurus insignis del Corro, 1975 (Dinosauria: Neosauropoda) from the ' middle' Cretaceous of central Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 93 - 110." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[1085,1140,1079,1101]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" box="[1219,1429,1079,1101]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="69375" refId="ref37858" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Benson RB, Pang Q, Zhengwu C. 2013. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[1307,1362,1079,1101]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ventral border is flat in lateral view but transversely convex in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1128,1228,1141,1163]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="28.[149,228,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,887,1720]" captionTargetId="figure-446@28.[151,1424,884,1723]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 18. Photographs and line drawings of the caudal vertebra and dorsal rib of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, anterior caudal vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/15 in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) views. F, G, dorsal rib MCF-PVPH-228/10 in medial view (F), with a detail of the internal pneumatic structure on the process of the capitulum (G). Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cap, capitulum; nc, neural canal; pas, posterior articular surface; rs, rib shaft; tp, transverse process; tub, tuberculum; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381079/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
|
||
), lacking chevron articular surfaces, a medial keel or ventrolateral crests. In anterior view, the anterior articular surface is oval, slightly taller than wide and gently concave close to the lateral margins, being rather flat in the central area (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="28.[149,228,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,887,1720]" captionTargetId="figure-446@28.[151,1424,884,1723]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 18. Photographs and line drawings of the caudal vertebra and dorsal rib of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, anterior caudal vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/15 in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) views. F, G, dorsal rib MCF-PVPH-228/10 in medial view (F), with a detail of the internal pneumatic structure on the process of the capitulum (G). Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cap, capitulum; nc, neural canal; pas, posterior articular surface; rs, rib shaft; tp, transverse process; tub, tuberculum; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381079/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 18A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior articular surface is almost rounded, with both dorsal and ventral surfaces almost flat (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[836,938,1355,1377]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="28.[149,228,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,887,1720]" captionTargetId="figure-446@28.[151,1424,884,1723]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 18. Photographs and line drawings of the caudal vertebra and dorsal rib of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, anterior caudal vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/15 in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) views. F, G, dorsal rib MCF-PVPH-228/10 in medial view (F), with a detail of the internal pneumatic structure on the process of the capitulum (G). Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cap, capitulum; nc, neural canal; pas, posterior articular surface; rs, rib shaft; tp, transverse process; tub, tuberculum; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381079/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas it is slightly convex in lateral view. MCF-PVPH-261/15 is considered slightly procoelous, a condition that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1175,1353,1417,1438]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1175,1353,1417,1438]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with some derived Eusauropoda (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Casanovas et al., 2001" authorityName="Casanovas" authorityYear="2001" class="Reptilia" genus="Losillasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1280,1443,1447,1468]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Losillasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Casanovas" box="[827,1090,1478,1500]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Casanovas" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="99 - 122" refId="ref37336" refString="Casanovas ML, Santafe JV, Sanz JL. 2001. Losillasaurus giganteus, un nuevo sauropodo del transito JurasicoCretacico de la cuenca de ' Los Serranos' (Valencia, Espana). Paleontologia i Evolucio 32 - 33: 99 - 122." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Casanovas
|
||
<emphasis box="[960,1019,1478,1500]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Royo Torres et al., 2006" authorityName="Royo Torres" authorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" genus="Turiasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1150,1295,1479,1500]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Turiasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
Royo Torres
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,878,1509,1530]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), several flagellicaudatans (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[1289,1436,1509,1530]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Apatosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1289,1436,1509,1530]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Apatosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1890" box="[827,957,1540,1561]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Barosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,957,1540,1561]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Barosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Janensch, 1929" authorityName="Janensch" authorityYear="1929" box="[969,1306,1539,1561]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Dicraeosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[969,1130,1540,1561]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Dicraeosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[1136,1306,1539,1561]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="35 - 133" refId="ref39514" refString="Janensch W. 1929. Die Wirbelsaule der Gattung Dicraeosaurus. Palaeontographica 2: 35 - 133." type="journal article" year="1929">Janensch, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1878" box="[1318,1442,1539,1560]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Diplodocus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1318,1442,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Diplodocus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[882,1005,1570,1591]" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Leinkupal" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[882,1005,1570,1591]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Leinkupal</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marsh" box="[1022,1174,1570,1592]" firstAuthor="Marsh" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="514 - 516" refId="ref40688" refString="Marsh OC. 1877. Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic formations. American Journal of Science 3: 514 - 516." type="journal article" year="1877">Marsh, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marsh" box="[1191,1248,1570,1591]" firstAuthor="Marsh" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="81 - 86" refId="ref40713" refString="Marsh OC. 1890. Description of new dinosaurian reptiles. American Journal of Science 39: 81 - 86." type="journal article" year="1890">1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hatcher" box="[1266,1435,1570,1592]" firstAuthor="Hatcher" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref39108" refString="Hatcher JB. 1901. Diplodocus (Marsh): its osteology, taxonomy and probable habits, with a restoration of the skeleton. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 1: 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1901">Hatcher, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[827,1011,1601,1623]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="35 - 133" refId="ref39514" refString="Janensch W. 1929. Die Wirbelsaule der Gattung Dicraeosaurus. Palaeontographica 2: 35 - 133." type="journal article" year="1929">Janensch, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gallina" box="[1027,1260,1601,1623]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gallina" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="97128" refId="ref38289" refString="Gallina PA, Apesteguia S, Haluza A, Canale JI. 2014. A diplodocid sauropod survivor from the Early Cretaceous of South America. PLoS One 9: e 97128." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Gallina
|
||
<emphasis box="[1126,1186,1601,1622]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and the basal titanosaurian
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Mannion & Calvo, 2011)" baseAuthorityName="Mannion & Calvo" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[995,1439,1631,1653]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Andesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[995,1134,1631,1652]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Andesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion & Calvo" box="[1150,1428,1631,1653]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="155 - 181" refId="ref40408" refString="Mannion PD, Calvo JO. 2011. Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Andesaurus delgadoi from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian - early Cenomanian) Rio Limay Formation, Neuquen province, Argentina: implications for titanosaur systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 155 - 181." type="journal article" year="2011">Mannion & Calvo, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The lateral surfaces of the centrum are gently concave anteroposteriorly, but no pleurocoel or pneumatic fossa is observed. However, several short and oval vascular foramina open on the lateral surfaces of the centrum (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[835,932,1785,1807]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="28.[149,228,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,887,1720]" captionTargetId="figure-446@28.[151,1424,884,1723]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 18. Photographs and line drawings of the caudal vertebra and dorsal rib of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, anterior caudal vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/15 in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) views. F, G, dorsal rib MCF-PVPH-228/10 in medial view (F), with a detail of the internal pneumatic structure on the process of the capitulum (G). Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cap, capitulum; nc, neural canal; pas, posterior articular surface; rs, rib shaft; tp, transverse process; tub, tuberculum; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381079/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in some diplodocoids (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[1245,1391,1785,1806]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Apatosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1245,1391,1785,1806]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Apatosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Harris & Dodson, 2004" authorityName="Harris & Dodson" authorityYear="2004" box="[827,1264,1815,1837]" class="Reptilia" family="Dicraeosauridae" genus="Suuwassea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,963,1816,1837]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Suuwassea</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Harris & Dodson" box="[974,1264,1815,1837]" firstAuthor="Harris" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="197 - 210" refId="ref39075" refString="Harris JD, Dodson P. 2004. A new diplodocoid sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Montana, USA. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49: 197 - 210." type="journal article" year="2004">Harris & Dodson, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Janensch, 1914)" baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1914" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1292,1442,1815,1836]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[835,1015,1846,1868]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Lu et al., 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Lu" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[1038,1390,1846,1868]" genus="Yunmenglong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1038,1196,1846,1867]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Yunmenglong</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[1213,1382,1846,1868]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" pagination="202 - 213" refId="ref40205" refString="Lu J, Xu L, Pu H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Jia S, Wei X. 2013. A new sauropod dinosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Cretaceous of the Ruyang Basin (central China). Cretaceous Research 44: 202 - 213." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lü
|
||
<emphasis box="[1253,1312,1846,1868]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and several titanosaurians (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1922" box="[1119,1278,1876,1897]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Alamosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1119,1278,1876,1897]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Alamosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mannion & Calvo" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[1294,1436,1876,1897]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Andesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1294,1436,1876,1897]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="1360">Andesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1990" box="[145,334,197,218]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Epachthosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,334,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Epachthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[348,528,197,218]" class="Reptilia" genus="Dreadnoughtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[348,528,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Dreadnoughtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Antunes & Mateus, 2003" authorityName="Antunes & Mateus" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Lusotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[543,655,198,219]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Lusotitan</emphasis>
|
||
Antunes & Mateus, 2003
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jacobs et al., 1993" authorityName="Jacobs" authorityYear="1993" box="[354,760,228,250]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Malawisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[354,527,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Malawisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
Jacobs
|
||
<emphasis box="[626,679,228,250]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1993
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte & Powell" authorityYear="1980" box="[197,339,258,279]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[197,339,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Saltasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore" box="[353,518,258,280]" firstAuthor="Gilmore" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref38446" refString="Gilmore CW. 1922. A new sauropod dinosaur from the Ojo Alamo Formation of New Mexico. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 72: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1922">Gilmore, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haughton" box="[532,720,258,280]" firstAuthor="Haughton" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="67 - 75" refId="ref39189" refString="Haughton SH. 1928. On some remains from the dinosaur beds of Nyasaland. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 16: 67 - 75." type="journal article" year="1928">Haughton, 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Lapparent & Zbyszewski" firstAuthor="de Lapparent" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref39943" refString="de Lapparent AF, Zbyszewski G. 1957. Les dinosauriens du Portugal [The dinosaurs of Portugal]. Memoirs Services Geologiques du Portugal 2: 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1957">de Lapparent & Zbyszewski, 1957</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte & Powell" firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref36256" refString="Bonaparte JF, Powell JE. 1980. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda - Coelurosauria - Carnosauria - Aves). Memoire de la Societe Geologique de France 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte & Powell, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Powell" box="[214,359,320,342]" firstAuthor="Powell" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="1 - 173" refId="ref42152" refString="Powell JE. 2003. Revision of South American titanosaurid dinosaurs: palaeobiological, palaeobiogeographical and phylogenetic aspects. Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery 111: 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="2003">Powell, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez" box="[374,615,320,341]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martinez" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="107 - 120" refId="ref40966" refString="Martinez RD, Gimenez O, Rodriguez J, Luna M, Lamanna MC. 2004. An articulated specimen of the basal titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) Epachthosaurus sciuttoi from the early Late Cretaceous Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut province, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24: 107 - 120." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Martínez
|
||
<emphasis box="[488,546,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion & Calvo" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="155 - 181" refId="ref40408" refString="Mannion PD, Calvo JO. 2011. Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Andesaurus delgadoi from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian - early Cenomanian) Rio Limay Formation, Neuquen province, Argentina: implications for titanosaur systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 155 - 181." type="journal article" year="2011">Mannion & Calvo, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion" box="[284,509,350,372]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref40502" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN, Mateus O. 2013. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis box="[390,444,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lacovara" box="[520,747,350,372]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lacovara" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="6196" refId="ref39870" refString="Lacovara KJ, Lamanna MC, Ibiricu LM, Poole JC, Schroeter ER, Ullmann PV, Voegele KK, Boles ZM, Carter AM, Fowler EK, Egerton VM, Moyer AM, Coughenour CL, Schein JP, Harris JD, Martinez RD, Novas FE. 2014. A gigantic, exceptionally complete titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from southern Patagonia, Argentina. Scientific Reports 4: 6196." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Lacovara
|
||
<emphasis box="[629,682,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[145,762,197,679]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">
|
||
The transverse processes are located on the anterodorsal portion of the centrum and directed anterolaterally in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[478,569,442,464]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="28.[149,228,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,887,1720]" captionTargetId="figure-446@28.[151,1424,884,1723]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 18. Photographs and line drawings of the caudal vertebra and dorsal rib of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, anterior caudal vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/15 in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) views. F, G, dorsal rib MCF-PVPH-228/10 in medial view (F), with a detail of the internal pneumatic structure on the process of the capitulum (G). Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cap, capitulum; nc, neural canal; pas, posterior articular surface; rs, rib shaft; tp, transverse process; tub, tuberculum; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381079/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Fig. 18D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The neural arch occupies the anterior two-thirds of the dorsal surface of the centrum and gently slopes in an anterior direction in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[319,411,534,556]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="28.[149,228,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,887,1720]" captionTargetId="figure-446@28.[151,1424,884,1723]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 18. Photographs and line drawings of the caudal vertebra and dorsal rib of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, anterior caudal vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/15 in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) views. F, G, dorsal rib MCF-PVPH-228/10 in medial view (F), with a detail of the internal pneumatic structure on the process of the capitulum (G). Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cap, capitulum; nc, neural canal; pas, posterior articular surface; rs, rib shaft; tp, transverse process; tub, tuberculum; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381079/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Fig. 18C</figureCitation>
|
||
), at least with its basal portion. In anterior view, the opening of the neural canal is oval, transversely wide and dorsoventrally compressed. However, it is partly filled by the matrix posteriorly and seems to have a quadrangular outline (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[581,674,657,679]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="28.[149,228,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,887,1720]" captionTargetId="figure-446@28.[151,1424,884,1723]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 18. Photographs and line drawings of the caudal vertebra and dorsal rib of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, anterior caudal vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/15 in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) views. F, G, dorsal rib MCF-PVPH-228/10 in medial view (F), with a detail of the internal pneumatic structure on the process of the capitulum (G). Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cap, capitulum; nc, neural canal; pas, posterior articular surface; rs, rib shaft; tp, transverse process; tub, tuberculum; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381079/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[145,761,712,826]" lastBlockId="28.[809,1426,197,832]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,489,712,733]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">
|
||
Dorsal ribs (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[325,478,712,733]" captionStart-0="Figure 1" captionStart-1="Figure 2" captionStart-2="Figure 3" captionStart-3="Figure 4" captionStart-4="Figure 5" captionStart-5="Figure 6" captionStart-6="Figure 7" captionStart-7="Figure 8" captionStartId-0="1.[163,242,1795,1817]" captionStartId-1="2.[144,224,1520,1542]" captionStartId-2="3.[163,241,912,934]" captionStartId-3="5.[163,241,1332,1354]" captionStartId-4="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" captionStartId-5="10.[145,224,1292,1314]" captionStartId-6="12.[144,222,1642,1664]" captionStartId-7="13.[162,241,1421,1443]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1446,785,1752]" captionTargetBox-1="[209,1361,198,1477]" captionTargetBox-2="[230,1376,198,869]" captionTargetBox-3="[226,1378,204,1290]" captionTargetBox-4="[166,1440,199,1754]" captionTargetBox-5="[154,1419,198,1247]" captionTargetBox-6="[305,1266,197,1601]" captionTargetBox-7="[229,1375,198,1378]" captionTargetId-0="figure-334@1.[163,1449,781,1755]" captionTargetId-1="figure-165@2.[206,1364,195,1480]" captionTargetId-2="figure-411@3.[227,1379,195,872]" captionTargetId-3="figure-290@5.[223,1381,197,1293]" captionTargetId-4="figure-26@7.[163,1443,196,1757]" captionTargetId-5="figure-269@10.[148,1422,195,1253]" captionTargetId-6="figure-86@12.[303,1266,196,1603]" captionTargetId-7="figure-199@13.[226,1378,195,1381]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="10" captionTargetPageId-6="12" captionTargetPageId-7="13" captionText-0="Figure 1. Location map. A, satellite map of northern Patagonia (Argentina), showing the approximate limits of Neuquén Basin (white dashed line). B, the Cerro de los Leones locality is ~10 km to the south-west of Picún Leufú city, to the south of the Neuquén Province (white crossed pickaxes). C, satellite map of the main quarries opened on the southern flank of the Cerro de los Leones, where outcropping of the fluvial sediments of the Lohan Cura Formation (Albian) occurs." captionText-1="Figure 2. Lithological profile. A schematic log of the the lower section of the Cullin Grande Member (Bajada del Agrio Group, Lohan Cura Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Albian) that outcrops at the Cerro de los Leones locality (modified from Martinelli et al., 2007). Abbreviations: CS, crevasse channel; FF, floodplain fines; FL, fossiliferous level; LA, lateral accretion; LS, laminated sand sheets; LV, levee; SB, sandy bedforms. Architectural element codes follow Miall (1996)." captionText-2="Figure 3. Original picture of quarry no. 4 during the fieldwork of 2004 (A) and a quarry map with tentative arrangement of the holotype (in red) and referred material (in blue) of Ligabuesaurus leanzai (B). Abbreviations: ant, anterior; s/n, without collection number; v, vertebra." captionText-3="Figure 4. The somphospondylan sauropod Ligabuesaurus leanzai from Cerro de los Leones (Neuquén Province, Patagonia, Argentina). A, skeletal reconstruction based on the holotype (MCF-PVPH-233) and referred material (MCF-PVPH-261) from quarry no. 4, plus the newly referred specimens from quarry no. 3 (MCF-PVPH-228, MCF-PVPH-744 and MCF- PVPH-908). B, life restoration of Ligabuesaurus leanzai as a non-titanosaurian somphospondylan by J. L. Blanco." captionText-4="Figure 5. New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposedasauniquelyderivedfeatureofLigabuesaurusleanzainotpresentinanyothersauropods.B–K,comparativeoutlines of sauropod coracoids: B, Neuquensaurus MLP-Ly-14; C, Saltasaurus PVL-4017-100; D, Quetecsaurus UNCUYO-LD-300.15; E, Opisthocoelicaudia ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F, Dreadnoughtus MPM-PV-1156; G, Tapuiasaurus MZSP-PV-807; H, Uberabatitan CPP-1109-UrHo; I, Suuwassea ANS 21122; J, Patagotitan MPEF-PV-3400/24; K, Zby ML 368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 (L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/03 (M) and MCF- PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from González Riga et al. (2019). Not to scale. Scale bar: 10 cm in L–N." captionText-5="Figure 6. Photographs and line drawings of the teeth of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, ten maxillary teeth and fragments of unerupted teeth in sedimentary matrix MCF-PVPH-233/01 in lingual view. B–F, isolated maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 in lingual (B), apical (C), labial (D), mesial (E) and distal (F) views. Abbreviations: awf, apical wear facet; cc, cingular cusp; de, dentine surface; e, enamel surface; mg, mesial groove; mwf, mesial wear facet; rt, replacement tooth fragment; tc, tooth crown; tr, tooth root; t-1/10, tooth no. 1 and no. 10; we, wrinkled enamel surface. Scale bar: 3 cm." captionText-6="Figure 7. A, detail ofthe microwear pattern on the apicalwear facet of the maxillary tooth MCF-PVPH-744 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. Most of the pits and coarse grooves are evident with a binocular microscope (α) on the dentine exposed surface, whereas the scanning electron photomicrographs (β, γ, δ and ε) show abundant fine scars in both the enamel and dentine surfaces. Abbreviations: g, coarse groove; p, pit; s, fine scar." captionText-7="Figure 8. Photographs and line drawings of the middle cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/16 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and left lateral (C) views. Abbreviations: acdl, anterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; apo, accessory pneumatic opening; cpol, centropostzygapophyseal lamina; cprl, centroprezygapophyseal lamina; di, diapophysis; nc, neural canal; pa, parapophysis; pcdl, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; pl, pleurocoel; prdl, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; prz, prezygapophysis; pvr, posteroventral ridges; spdl, spinodiapophyseal lamina; sprl, spinoprezygapophyseal lamina. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381042" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381044" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381046" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381048" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381052" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381054" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381058" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7381042/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7381044/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7381046/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7381048/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7381052/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/7381054/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/7381058/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Fig. 1 8F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: The axial skeleton of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[180,368,742,763]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[180,368,742,763]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes the dorsal rib MCF-PVPH-261/17 from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[405,454,774,795]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">type</typeStatus>
|
||
quarry no. 4 and six almost complete dorsal ribs from quarry no. 3 (Supporting Information,
|
||
<tableCitation box="[963,1065,197,219]" captionStart="Table S" captionStartId="59.[163,233,775,796]" captionText="Table S1. List of type material of Ligabuesaurus leanzai." pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Table S1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The proximal portions of the ribs are oval in cross-section, without crests, fossae or foramina. In MCF-PVPH-228/07, there is a depressed surface between the tuberculum and capitulum (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="28.[149,228,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[154,1421,887,1720]" captionTargetId="figure-446@28.[151,1424,884,1723]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 18. Photographs and line drawings of the caudal vertebra and dorsal rib of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, anterior caudal vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/15 in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) views. F, G, dorsal rib MCF-PVPH-228/10 in medial view (F), with a detail of the internal pneumatic structure on the process of the capitulum (G). Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cap, capitulum; nc, neural canal; pas, posterior articular surface; rs, rib shaft; tp, transverse process; tub, tuberculum; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381079/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Fig. 18F</figureCitation>
|
||
) as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[932,1110,320,341]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[932,1110,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Tastavinsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Canudo" box="[1125,1347,320,342]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="712 - 731" refId="ref36724" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. 2008. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 712 - 731." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis box="[1221,1278,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; RoyoTorres
|
||
<emphasis box="[890,948,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Tidwell et al., 2001" authorityName="Tidwell" authorityYear="2001" box="[1039,1424,350,372]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Venenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1039,1198,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Venenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tidwell" box="[1204,1424,350,372]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tidwell" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="139 - 165" refId="ref43482" refString="Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Meyer S. 2001. New titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah. In: Tanke DH, Carpenter K. eds. Mesozoic vertebrate life. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 139 - 165." type="book chapter" year="2001">
|
||
Tidwell
|
||
<emphasis box="[1299,1356,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and other Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" box="[1157,1418,381,403]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson" box="[809,969,412,434]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="215 - 275" refId="ref44288" refString="Wilson JA. 2002. Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136: 215 - 275." type="journal article" year="2002">Wilson, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). When preserved, the capitula and tubercula are long and oval, diverging in an angle> 90° in anterior view. The tuberculum is usually longer than the capitulum, but more robust in most of the ribs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[809,1426,197,832]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">
|
||
In MCF-PVPH-228/10, the external surface of the bone is weathered, showing the internal structure of the proximal portion of the rib, which is composed of small camellae of different shape and size divided by thin septa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wedel MJ & Cifelli RL & Sanders RK" box="[991,1210,657,679]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="109 - 114" refId="ref43913" refString="Wedel MJ, Cifelli RL, Sanders RK. 2000 a. A Sauroposeidon proteles, a new sauropod from the Early Cretaceous of Oklahoma. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 20: 109 - 114." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Wedel
|
||
<emphasis box="[1074,1135,657,679]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wedel" box="[1226,1388,657,679]" firstAuthor="Wedel" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="243 - 255" refId="ref43816" refString="Wedel MJ. 2003 a. Vertebral pneumaticity, air sacs, and the physiology of sauropod dinosaurs. Paleobiology 29: 243 - 255." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Wedel, 2003a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="b" firstAuthor="b" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="1 - 20" refId="ref42782" refString="Sanchez-Hernandez B. 2005. Galveosaurus herreroi, a new sauropod dinosaur from Villar del Arzobispo Formation (Tithonian-Berriasian) of Spain. Zootaxa 1034: 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="2005">b, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This condition is widely distributed among Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson" box="[1042,1193,718,740]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="215 - 275" refId="ref44288" refString="Wilson JA. 2002. Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136: 215 - 275." type="journal article" year="2002">Wilson, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and usually in the anterior dorsal ribs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion & Calvo" box="[1044,1313,749,771]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" pagination="155 - 181" refId="ref40408" refString="Mannion PD, Calvo JO. 2011. Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Andesaurus delgadoi from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian - early Cenomanian) Rio Limay Formation, Neuquen province, Argentina: implications for titanosaur systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 155 - 181." type="journal article" year="2011">Mannion & Calvo, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[809,1426,197,832]" lastBlockId="29.[163,779,197,342]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="1362" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">
|
||
The proximal portion of the shaft is wide anteroposteriorly and elliptical in cross-section, with a flat lateral side and a slightly convex medial surface. Distally, the preserved shafts are almost straight, with a gentle medial slope in anteroposterior view, and the general morphology being plank-like, as in several titanosauriforms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[370,612,320,342]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[488,544,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381079" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381079/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" startId="28.[149,228,1762,1784]" targetBox="[154,1421,887,1720]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="28.[148,1429,1762,1902]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[149,267,1762,1784]" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the caudal vertebra and dorsal rib of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[1034,1273,1762,1784]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1034,1273,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="1361">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–E, anterior caudal vertebra MCF-PVPH-261/15 in anterior (A), posterior (B), left lateral (C), dorsal (D) and ventral (E) views. F, G, dorsal rib MCF-PVPH-228/10 in medial view (F), with a detail of the internal pneumatic structure on the process of the capitulum (G). Abbreviations: aas, anterior articular surface; cap, capitulum; nc, neural canal; pas, posterior articular surface; rs, rib shaft; tp, transverse process; tub, tuberculum; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="29.[163,435,401,425]" box="[163,435,401,425]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
<heading box="[163,435,401,425]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,435,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Appendicular skeleton</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="29.[163,780,441,1904]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,433,441,463]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
Scapula (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[280,416,441,463]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-24@30.[148,1422,196,1621]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 19. Pectoral girdle elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula MCF-PVPH-233/08 in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Fig. 19A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In addition to the left and right scapulae (
|
||
<emphasis box="[378,633,472,493]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">MCF-PVPH-233/08</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">MCF-PVPH-233/09</emphasis>
|
||
) extensively described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,221,533,555]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we present a new right element (MCF-PVPH-228/11) belonging to the individual from quarry no. 3, which we referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[521,706,594,615]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[521,706,594,615]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This specimen is fragmented, lacking most of the acromial portion and the posterior half of the shaft, which were broadly restored artificially. Furthermore, considering that only the right scapula was drawn in lateral view by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" box="[201,487,748,770]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[339,401,748,769]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we also figure the left scapula
|
||
<emphasis box="[261,495,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">MCF-PVPH-233/08</emphasis>
|
||
. For descriptive means, the bone is oriented with the long axis of the scapular lamina held horizontally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="29.[163,780,441,1904]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
The acromial region is dorsally extended. It is two times wider than the scapular shaft. A robust acromial crest divides the supracoracoidal fossa into two areas, with the anterior area being wider than the posterior one (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[220,318,993,1015]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-24@30.[148,1422,196,1621]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 19. Pectoral girdle elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula MCF-PVPH-233/08 in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior margin of the acromion is almost flat, with a gentle posterodorsal slope, and forms an angle of 120° with the dorsal margin, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[197,325,1085,1106]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[197,325,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[343,492,1085,1106]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[343,492,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin, Buffetaut & Suteethorn" authorityYear="1994" box="[558,778,1085,1106]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[558,778,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Phuwiangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[172,356,1116,1138]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiman" box="[371,529,1116,1138]" firstAuthor="Wiman" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref44594" refString="Wiman C. 1929. Die Kreide-Dinosaurier aus Shantung. Palaeontologia Sinica 6: 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1929">Wiman, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" box="[545,772,1116,1138]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1085 - 1092" refId="ref40734" refString="Martin V, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V. 1994. A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua Formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of northeastern Thailand. Comptes Rendus de l' Academie des Sciences Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planets 319: 1085 - 1092." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis box="[639,691,1116,1137]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" box="[163,218,1146,1167]" firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="39 - 91" refId="ref40790" refString="Martin V, Suteethorn V, Buffetaut E. 1999. Description of the type and referred material of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae Martin, Buffetaut and Suteethorn, 1994, a sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand. Oryctos 2: 39 - 91." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The dorsal margin is convex, anteroposteriorly extended and slightly broader in its posterior half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="29.[163,780,441,1904]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
In anterior view, the coracoid articular surface is convex and posterodorsally inclined, forming an angle of 40° with respect to the long axis of the bone, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Mateus et al., 2011" authorityName="Mateus" authorityYear="2011" box="[228,600,1300,1321]" genus="Angolatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[228,367,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Angolatitan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mateus" box="[375,600,1300,1321]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mateus" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="221 - 233" refId="ref41021" refString="Mateus O, Jacobs LL, Schulp AS, Polcyn MJ, Tavares TS, Buta Neto A, Antunes MT. 2011. Angolatitan adamastor, a new sauropod dinosaur and the first record from Angola. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 83: 221 - 233." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mateus
|
||
<emphasis box="[471,530,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(D'Emic et al., 2013)" baseAuthorityName="D'Emic" baseAuthorityYear="2013" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[615,779,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Huabeisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" box="[173,427,1330,1352]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="69375" refId="ref37858" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Benson RB, Pang Q, Zhengwu C. 2013. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[278,346,1330,1352]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and some titanosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1929" box="[226,421,1361,1382]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Antarctosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[226,421,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Antarctosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mannion & Otero" authorityYear="2012" box="[441,556,1361,1382]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Elaltitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[441,556,1361,1382]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Elaltitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1992" box="[575,771,1362,1383]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Neuquensaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[575,771,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Neuquensaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curry Rogers & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[163,324,1392,1413]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rapetosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,324,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Rapetosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte & Powell" authorityYear="1980" box="[384,527,1392,1413]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[384,527,1392,1413]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Saltasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lyddeker, 1893;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene" firstAuthor="von Huene" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1 - 196" refId="ref39348" refString="von Huene F. 1929. Los saurisquios y ornitisquios del Cretaceo Argentino. Anales del Museo de La Plata, Seccion Paleontologia 2: 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1929">von Huene, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte & Powell" box="[319,617,1422,1444]" firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref36256" refString="Bonaparte JF, Powell JE. 1980. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda - Coelurosauria - Carnosauria - Aves). Memoire de la Societe Geologique de France 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte & Powell, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Powell" box="[630,773,1422,1444]" firstAuthor="Powell" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1 - 173" refId="ref42152" refString="Powell JE. 2003. Revision of South American titanosaurid dinosaurs: palaeobiological, palaeobiogeographical and phylogenetic aspects. Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery 111: 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="2003">Powell, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers" box="[163,377,1453,1474]" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1046 - 1086" refId="ref37596" refString="Curry Rogers K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1046 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2009">Curry Rogers, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Otero" box="[387,516,1453,1474]" firstAuthor="Otero" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="399 - 426" refId="ref41478" refString="Otero A. 2010. The appendicular skeleton of Neuquensaurus, a Late Cretaceous saltasaurine sauropod from Patagonia, Argentina. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55: 399 - 426." type="journal article" year="2010">Otero, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The coracoid articular surface is rough, slightly more robust anteroventrally, and separated from the glenoid by a low step in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[230,324,1545,1567]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-24@30.[148,1422,196,1621]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 19. Pectoral girdle elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula MCF-PVPH-233/08 in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Fig. 19A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The glenoid is oval and dorsoventrally expanded, with a convex medial surface. The articular surface is rough, slightly concave and medially directed in posterior view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="29.[163,780,441,1904]" lastBlockId="29.[827,1444,197,1476]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[219,388,1668,1689]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[219,388,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the ventral surface of the scapula and the glenoid form a pointed and anteroventrally directed process (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[358,481,1729,1751]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-24@30.[148,1422,196,1621]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 19. Pectoral girdle elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula MCF-PVPH-233/08 in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Fig. 19A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in different sauropods (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[219,395,1760,1781]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[219,395,1760,1781]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[410,554,1760,1781]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[410,554,1760,1781]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1954" box="[569,772,1760,1781]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Mamenchisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[569,772,1760,1781]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Mamenchisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin, Buffetaut & Suteethorn" authorityYear="1994" box="[163,370,1790,1811]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,370,1790,1811]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Phuwiangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curry Rogers & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[428,585,1791,1812]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rapetosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[428,585,1791,1812]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Rapetosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[597,773,1790,1812]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn & Mook" box="[163,428,1821,1843]" firstAuthor="Osborn" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="247 - 387" refId="ref41423" refString="Osborn HF, Mook CC. 1921. Camarasaurus, Amphicoelias and other sauropods of Cope. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 3: 247 - 387." type="journal article" year="1921">Osborn & Mook, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Young & Zhao" box="[444,690,1821,1843]" firstAuthor="Young" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" refId="ref44861" refString="Young CC, Zhao X. 1972. A description of the type material of Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis. Institute of Vertebrate" type="book" year="1972">Young & Zhao, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1046 - 1086" refId="ref37596" refString="Curry Rogers K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1046 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2009">Curry Rogers, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" box="[324,538,1852,1873]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="39 - 91" refId="ref40790" refString="Martin V, Suteethorn V, Buffetaut E. 1999. Description of the type and referred material of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae Martin, Buffetaut and Suteethorn, 1994, a sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand. Oryctos 2: 39 - 91." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Martín
|
||
<emphasis box="[412,463,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, the ventral surface of the scapula is anteroposteriorly concave but bears a gently prominent medioventral process on the proximal third of the bone (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-24@30.[148,1422,196,1621]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 19. Pectoral girdle elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula MCF-PVPH-233/08 in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Fig. 19A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). This process is triangular and laminar, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Owen, 1841" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[862,1166,289,310]" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Cetiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[862,1009,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Cetiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
Owen, 1841
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch & Martin" firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="208 - 231" refId="ref43731" refString="Upchurch P, Martin J. 2003. The anatomy and taxonomy of Cetiosaurus (Saurischia, Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 208 - 231." type="journal article" year="2003">Upchurch & Martin, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Young, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Young" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[907,1280,319,341]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Mamenchisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[907,1109,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Mamenchisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Young" box="[1127,1269,319,341]" firstAuthor="Young" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="355 - 369" refId="ref44836" refString="Young CC. 1954. On a new sauropod from Yiping, Szechuand, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 2: 355 - 369." type="journal article" year="1954">Young, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jensen, 1985" authorityName="Jensen" authorityYear="1985" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Supersaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1293,1442,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Supersaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jensen" box="[827,1004,350,372]" firstAuthor="Jensen" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="697 - 709" refId="ref39568" refString="Jensen JA. 1985. Three new sauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado. The Great Basin Naturalist 45: 697 - 709." type="journal article" year="1985">Jensen, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and several Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1922" box="[891,1057,381,402]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Alamosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[891,1057,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Alamosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1077,1227,381,402]" genus="Angolatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1077,1227,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Angolatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Del Corro" authorityYear="1975" box="[1246,1435,381,402]" class="Reptilia" genus="Chubutisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1246,1435,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Chubutisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[827,1027,411,432]" class="Reptilia" genus="Dreadnoughtus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1027,411,432]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Dreadnoughtus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1049,1209,412,433]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1049,1209,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gonzalez Riga" authorityYear="2003" box="[1231,1435,411,432]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Mendozasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1231,1435,411,432]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Mendozasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[827,964,443,464]" class="Reptilia" genus="Patagotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,964,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Patagotitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martin, Buffetaut & Suteethorn" authorityYear="1994" box="[979,1192,442,463]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[979,1192,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Phuwiangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1207,1390,443,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Ruyangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1207,1390,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Ruyangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[827,979,473,494]" class="Reptilia" genus="Wintonotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,979,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Wintonotitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[992,1171,473,495]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore" box="[1184,1347,473,495]" firstAuthor="Gilmore" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref38446" refString="Gilmore CW. 1922. A new sauropod dinosaur from the Ojo Alamo Formation of New Mexico. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 72: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1922">Gilmore, 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1085 - 1092" refId="ref40734" refString="Martin V, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V. 1994. A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua Formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of northeastern Thailand. Comptes Rendus de l' Academie des Sciences Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planets 319: 1085 - 1092." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,878,503,525]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" box="[970,1026,504,525]" firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="39 - 91" refId="ref40790" refString="Martin V, Suteethorn V, Buffetaut E. 1999. Description of the type and referred material of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae Martin, Buffetaut and Suteethorn, 1994, a sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand. Oryctos 2: 39 - 91." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Riga" box="[1041,1280,503,525]" firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="155 - 172" refId="ref38604" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ. 2003. A new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mendoza province, Argentina. Ameghiniana 40: 155 - 172." type="journal article" year="2003">González Riga, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor" box="[1294,1436,503,525]" firstAuthor="Taylor" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="787 - 806" refId="ref43380" refString="Taylor MP. 2009. A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch 1914). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 787 - 806." type="journal article" year="2009">Taylor, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hocknull" box="[827,1063,534,556]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hocknull" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="6190" refId="ref39304" refString="Hocknull SA, White MA, Tischler TR, Cook AG, Calleja ND, Sloan T, Elliott DA. 2009. New mid-Cretaceous (latest Albian) dinosaurs from Winton, Queensland, Australia. PLoS One 4: e 6190." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Hocknull
|
||
<emphasis box="[938,995,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[1077,1240,534,556]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref40154" refString="Lu JC, Xu L, Jia SH, Zhang XL, Zhang JM, Yang LL, You HL, Ji Q. 2009. A new gigantic sauropod dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Ruyang, Henan, China. Geological Bulletin of China 28: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Lü
|
||
<emphasis box="[1116,1165,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[1254,1309,534,555]" firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1 - 123" refId="ref40109" refString="Lu J, Pu H, Xu L, Jia S, Zhang J, Shen C. 2014. Osteology of the giant sauropod dinosaur Ruyangosaurus giganteus Lu et al., 2009. Geological Publishing House. Beijing: 1 - 123." type="book chapter" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="93 - 110" refId="ref36951" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Cerda I, Salgado L. 2011. The osteology of Chubutisaurus insignis del Corro, 1975 (Dinosauria: Neosauropoda) from the ' middle' Cretaceous of central Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 93 - 110." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,884,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
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||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mateus" box="[966,1184,565,586]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mateus" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="221 - 233" refId="ref41021" refString="Mateus O, Jacobs LL, Schulp AS, Polcyn MJ, Tavares TS, Buta Neto A, Antunes MT. 2011. Angolatitan adamastor, a new sauropod dinosaur and the first record from Angola. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 83: 221 - 233." type="journal article" year="2011">
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Mateus
|
||
<emphasis box="[1059,1116,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lacovara" box="[1198,1436,565,586]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lacovara" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="6196" refId="ref39870" refString="Lacovara KJ, Lamanna MC, Ibiricu LM, Poole JC, Schroeter ER, Ullmann PV, Voegele KK, Boles ZM, Carter AM, Fowler EK, Egerton VM, Moyer AM, Coughenour CL, Schein JP, Harris JD, Martinez RD, Novas FE. 2014. A gigantic, exceptionally complete titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from southern Patagonia, Argentina. Scientific Reports 4: 6196." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Lacovara
|
||
<emphasis box="[1311,1368,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poropat" box="[827,1084,595,617]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="59 - 106" refId="ref41847" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Elliott DA. 2015 a. Reassessment of the nontitanosaurian somphospondylan Wintonotitan wattsi (Dinosauria: Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the midCretaceous Winton Formation, Queensland, Australia. Papers in Palaeontology 1: 59 - 106." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis box="[932,994,595,617]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ullmann & Lacovara" box="[1101,1436,595,617]" firstAuthor="Ullmann" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1225303" refId="ref43583" refString="Ullmann PV, Lacovara KJ. 2016. Appendicular osteology of Dreadnoughtus schrani, a giant titanosaurian (Sauropoda, Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 36: e 1225303." type="journal article" year="2016">Ullmann & Lacovara, 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[827,1077,626,648]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="20171219" refId="ref37000" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Otero A, Cerda IA, Salgado L, Garrido AC, Krause JM. 2017. A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284: 20171219." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[953,1009,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Riga" box="[1089,1383,626,648]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="136 - 181" refId="ref38744" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ, Mannion PD, Poropat SF, Ortiz David LD, Coria JP. 2018. Osteology of the Late Cretaceous Argentinean sauropod dinosaur Mendozasaurus neguyelap: implications for basal titanosaur relationships. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 136 - 181." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
González Riga
|
||
<emphasis box="[1260,1308,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="29.[827,1444,197,1476]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
The scapular shaft is transversely compressed and with a slightly medial inclination in dorsal view, showing a convex lateral side and an almost concave medial surface. The scapular lamina is ‘D-shaped’ in cross-section, wider ventrally than dorsally, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Sereno et al., 1999" authorityName="Sereno" authorityYear="1999" box="[860,1185,810,832]" class="Reptilia" genus="Jobaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[860,952,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Jobaria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sereno" box="[961,1185,810,832]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sereno" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1342 - 1347" refId="ref43011" refString="Sereno PC, Beck AL, Dutheil DB, Larsson HCE, Lyon GH, Moussa B, Sadleir RW, Sidor CA, Varricchio DJ, Wilson GP, Wilson JA. 1999. Cretaceous sauropods from the Sahara and the uneven rate of skeletal evolution among dinosaurs. Science 286: 1342 - 1347." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Sereno
|
||
<emphasis box="[1052,1112,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sereno" box="[1203,1427,810,832]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Sereno" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1342 - 1347" refId="ref43011" refString="Sereno PC, Beck AL, Dutheil DB, Larsson HCE, Lyon GH, Moussa B, Sadleir RW, Sidor CA, Varricchio DJ, Wilson GP, Wilson JA. 1999. Cretaceous sauropods from the Sahara and the uneven rate of skeletal evolution among dinosaurs. Science 286: 1342 - 1347." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Sereno
|
||
<emphasis box="[1294,1355,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), most Neosauropoda and some derived titanosaurians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[835,1085,871,893]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="93 - 110" refId="ref36951" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Cerda I, Salgado L. 2011. The osteology of Chubutisaurus insignis del Corro, 1975 (Dinosauria: Neosauropoda) from the ' middle' Cretaceous of central Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 93 - 110." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[962,1018,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="29.[827,1444,197,1476]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
Posteriorly, the dorsal margin of the shaft (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-24@30.[148,1422,196,1621]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 19. Pectoral girdle elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula MCF-PVPH-233/08 in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Fig. 19A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) bears an elongated and rough surface for the insertion of the muscle levator scapulae (BorsukBiałynicka, 1977). The dorsal and ventral surfaces of the lamina are almost straight and gently diverge posteriorly, without forming the prominent processes seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[916,1122,1086,1108]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rebbachisauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion" box="[1137,1309,1086,1108]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="521 - 526" refId="ref40351" refString="Mannion PD. 2009. A rebbachisaurid sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, England. Cretaceous Research 30: 521 - 526." type="journal article" year="2009">Mannion, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido JL & Garrido AC & Canudo JI & Salgado L" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="493 - 502" refId="ref36804" refString="Carballido JL, Garrido AC, Canudo JI, Salgado L. 2010. Redescription of Rayososaurus agrioensis Bonaparte (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea), a rebbachisaurid from the early Late Cretaceous of Neuquen. Geobios 43: 493 - 502." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,896,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1011,1204,1117,1138]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1011,1204,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1841" box="[1226,1381,1117,1138]" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Cetiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1226,1381,1117,1138]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Cetiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1056,1147,1168]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Haplocanthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hatcher" box="[1073,1236,1147,1169]" firstAuthor="Hatcher" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref39144" refString="Hatcher JB. 1903. Osteology of Haplocanthosaurus with description of a new species and some remarks on the probable habits of the Sauropoda and the age and origin of the Atlantosaurus beds. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 2: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1903">Hatcher, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn & Mook" firstAuthor="Osborn" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="247 - 387" refId="ref41423" refString="Osborn HF, Mook CC. 1921. Camarasaurus, Amphicoelias and other sauropods of Cope. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 3: 247 - 387." type="journal article" year="1921">Osborn & Mook, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jensen" box="[894,1042,1178,1200]" firstAuthor="Jensen" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="697 - 709" refId="ref39568" refString="Jensen JA. 1985. Three new sauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado. The Great Basin Naturalist 45: 697 - 709." type="journal article" year="1985">Jensen, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch & Martin" box="[1054,1348,1178,1200]" firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="208 - 231" refId="ref43731" refString="Upchurch P, Martin J. 2003. The anatomy and taxonomy of Cetiosaurus (Saurischia, Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 208 - 231." type="journal article" year="2003">Upchurch & Martin, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="29.[827,1444,197,1476]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
The posterior distal margin of the shaft is convex and rough, being transversely expanded in dorsal view. The shape of the scapular lamina of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1267,1442,1270,1291]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1267,1442,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[1023,1167,1301,1322]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Apatosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1023,1167,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Apatosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1177,1312,1301,1322]" genus="Rukwatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1177,1312,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Rukwatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1323,1443,1301,1322]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1323,1443,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[885,1061,1331,1352]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[885,1061,1331,1352]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Huabeisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiman" box="[1083,1250,1331,1353]" firstAuthor="Wiman" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref44594" refString="Wiman C. 1929. Die Kreide-Dinosaurier aus Shantung. Palaeontologia Sinica 6: 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1929">Wiman, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jensen" box="[1270,1435,1331,1353]" firstAuthor="Jensen" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="697 - 709" refId="ref39568" refString="Jensen JA. 1985. Three new sauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado. The Great Basin Naturalist 45: 697 - 709." type="journal article" year="1985">Jensen, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" box="[827,1041,1362,1384]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="69375" refId="ref37858" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Benson RB, Pang Q, Zhengwu C. 2013. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[917,973,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gorscak" box="[1054,1278,1362,1384]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gorscak" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1133 - 1154" refId="ref38996" refString="Gorscak E, O'Connor PM, Stevens NJ, Roberts EM. 2014. The basal titanosaurian Rukwatitan bisepultus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the middle Cretaceous Galula Formation, Rukwa Rift Basin, southwestern Tanzania. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34: 1133 - 1154." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Gorscak
|
||
<emphasis box="[1154,1210,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and is unlike the more distally expanded laminae seen in some basal camarasauromorphs and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1116,1320,1423,1445]" class="Reptilia" family="Rebbachisauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rebbachisauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="521 - 526" refId="ref40351" refString="Mannion PD. 2009. A rebbachisaurid sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of the Isle of Wight, England. Cretaceous Research 30: 521 - 526." type="journal article" year="2009">Mannion, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido JL & Garrido AC & Canudo JI & Salgado L" box="[894,1144,1454,1476]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="493 - 502" refId="ref36804" refString="Carballido JL, Garrido AC, Canudo JI, Salgado L. 2010. Redescription of Rayososaurus agrioensis Bonaparte (Sauropoda, Diplodocoidea), a rebbachisaurid from the early Late Cretaceous of Neuquen. Geobios 43: 493 - 502." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[1021,1077,1454,1476]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="29.[827,1444,1514,1904]" lastBlockId="31.[163,780,197,1905]" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="1364" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1111,1514,1536]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">
|
||
Coracoids (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[961,1095,1514,1536]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-24@30.[148,1422,196,1621]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 19. Pectoral girdle elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula MCF-PVPH-233/08 in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Fig. 19C–H</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
New left and right almost complete coracoids (MCF-PVPH-261/05 and MCF-PVPH-261/06) from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1097,1146,1576,1597]" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">type</typeStatus>
|
||
quarry no. 4 are described below. In lateral view, the bone is crescentic, slightly more extended dorsoventrally than anteroposteriorly, and with the dorsal half sloping posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1334,1429,1667,1689]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-24@30.[148,1422,196,1621]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 19. Pectoral girdle elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula MCF-PVPH-233/08 in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Fig. 19C</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Tidwell et al., 1999" authorityName="Tidwell" authorityYear="1999" box="[894,1297,1698,1720]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Cedarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[894,1059,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Cedarosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tidwell" box="[1067,1297,1698,1720]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tidwell" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="21 - 37" refId="ref43453" refString="Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Brooks W. 1999. New sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, USA. Oryctos 2: 21 - 37." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Tidwell
|
||
<emphasis box="[1165,1224,1698,1720]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1312,1436,1698,1719]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1312,1436,1698,1719]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Janensch" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[827,965,1729,1750]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,965,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salgado & Carvalho" authorityYear="2008" box="[1013,1166,1729,1750]" class="Reptilia" genus="Uberabatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1013,1166,1729,1750]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">Uberabatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[1177,1347,1729,1751]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiman" firstAuthor="Wiman" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref44594" refString="Wiman C. 1929. Die Kreide-Dinosaurier aus Shantung. Palaeontologia Sinica 6: 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1929">Wiman, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tidwell" box="[896,1119,1759,1781]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tidwell" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="21 - 37" refId="ref43453" refString="Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Brooks W. 1999. New sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, USA. Oryctos 2: 21 - 37." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Tidwell
|
||
<emphasis box="[991,1049,1759,1781]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado & Carvalho" box="[1132,1437,1759,1781]" firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="881 - 901" refId="ref42577" refString="Salgado L, Carvalho IS. 2008. Uberabatitan ribeiroi, a new titanosaur from the Marilia Formation (Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous), Minas Gerais, Brazil. Palaeontology 51: 881 - 901." type="journal article" year="2008">Salgado & Carvalho, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor" box="[827,967,1790,1812]" firstAuthor="Taylor" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="787 - 806" refId="ref43380" refString="Taylor MP. 2009. A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch 1914). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 787 - 806." type="journal article" year="2009">Taylor, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Silva Junior" box="[981,1256,1790,1812]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Silva Junior" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref43068" refString="Silva Junior JCG, Martinelli AG, Iori FV, Marinho TS, Hechenleitner EM, Langer MC. 2021. Reassessment of Aeolosaurus maximus, a titanosaur dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of southeastern Brazil. Historical Biology 1 - 9. doi: https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 08912963.2021.1920016" type="book chapter" year="2021">
|
||
Silva Junior
|
||
<emphasis box="[1130,1187,1790,1812]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2021
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This condition differs from the rounded or oval-shaped coracoids seen in several basal sauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch & Martin" firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="29" pageNumber="1362" pagination="208 - 231" refId="ref43731" refString="Upchurch P, Martin J. 2003. The anatomy and taxonomy of Cetiosaurus (Saurischia, Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 208 - 231." type="journal article" year="2003">Upchurch & Martin, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and from the subrectangular coracoids of most of the derived titanosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Borsuk-Bialynicka" authorityYear="1977" box="[559,778,197,218]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Opisthocoelicaudia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[559,778,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Opisthocoelicaudia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte & Powell" authorityYear="1980" box="[213,352,228,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[213,352,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Saltasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borsuk-Bialynicka" box="[365,646,228,250]" firstAuthor="Borsuk-Bialynicka" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="5 - 64" refId="ref36375" refString="Borsuk-Bialynicka M. 1977. A new camarasaurid sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii gen. n., sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologica Polonica 37: 5 - 64." type="journal article" year="1977">Borsuk-Białynicka, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte & Powell" firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref36256" refString="Bonaparte JF, Powell JE. 1980. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda - Coelurosauria - Carnosauria - Aves). Memoire de la Societe Geologique de France 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte & Powell, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Powell" box="[386,553,258,280]" firstAuthor="Powell" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="1 - 173" refId="ref42152" refString="Powell JE. 2003. Revision of South American titanosaurid dinosaurs: palaeobiological, palaeobiogeographical and phylogenetic aspects. Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery 111: 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="2003">Powell, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[587,719,258,280]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="7.[163,242,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[166,1440,199,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-26@7.[163,1443,196,1757]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 5. New autapomorphic feature and revised diagnosis of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Photograph and line drawings of the left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral view. The quadrangular ventral half of the coracoid in lateral view is here proposedasauniquelyderivedfeatureofLigabuesaurusleanzainotpresentinanyothersauropods.B–K,comparativeoutlines of sauropod coracoids: B, Neuquensaurus MLP-Ly-14; C, Saltasaurus PVL-4017-100; D, Quetecsaurus UNCUYO-LD-300.15; E, Opisthocoelicaudia ZPAL-MgD-I/48; F, Dreadnoughtus MPM-PV-1156; G, Tapuiasaurus MZSP-PV-807; H, Uberabatitan CPP-1109-UrHo; I, Suuwassea ANS 21122; J, Patagotitan MPEF-PV-3400/24; K, Zby ML 368. L–N, line drawings of the posterior cervical vertebra MCF-PVPH-233/02 (L) and anterior dorsal vertebrae MCF-PVPH-233/03 (M) and MCF- PVPH-908 (N), showing the development of the prespinal lamina on the anterior surface of the neural spine (green triangle). B–K modified from González Riga et al. (2019). Not to scale. Scale bar: 10 cm in L–N." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381050/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Fig. 5B–K</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,334,289,310]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,334,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the coracoid is dorsoventrally shorter than the proximal surface of the scapula. Thus, when articulated, a concave and V-shaped surface divides the dorsal surfaces of both the scapula and coracoid in lateral view, as in several Sauropoda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,226,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In contrast, most Titanosauria (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1992" box="[163,352,474,495]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Neuquensaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,352,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Neuquensaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Borsuk-Bialynicka" authorityYear="1977" box="[369,601,473,494]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Opisthocoelicaudia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[369,601,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Opisthocoelicaudia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1922" box="[618,778,473,494]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Alamosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[618,778,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Alamosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[213,346,504,525]" class="Reptilia" genus="Patagotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[213,346,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Patagotitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borsuk-Bialynicka" box="[359,640,504,526]" firstAuthor="Borsuk-Bialynicka" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="5 - 64" refId="ref36375" refString="Borsuk-Bialynicka M. 1977. A new camarasaurid sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii gen. n., sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologica Polonica 37: 5 - 64." type="journal article" year="1977">Borsuk-Białynicka, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tang" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tang" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="272 - 281" refId="ref43343" refString="Tang F, Kang XM, Jin XS, Wei F, Wu WT. 2001. A new sauropod dinosaur of Cretaceous from Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province. Vertebrata Palasiatica 39: 272 - 281." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Tang
|
||
<emphasis box="[717,773,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lehman & Coulson" box="[233,531,534,556]" firstAuthor="Lehman" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="156 - 172" refId="ref40028" refString="Lehman TM, Coulson AB. 2002. A juvenile specimen of the sauropod dinosaur Alamosaurus sanjuanensis from the Upper Cretaceous of Big Bend National Park, Texas. Journal of Paleontology 76: 156 - 172." type="journal article" year="2002">Lehman & Coulson, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Powell" box="[545,692,534,556]" firstAuthor="Powell" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="1 - 173" refId="ref42152" refString="Powell JE. 2003. Revision of South American titanosaurid dinosaurs: palaeobiological, palaeobiogeographical and phylogenetic aspects. Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery 111: 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="2003">Powell, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Otero" firstAuthor="Otero" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="399 - 426" refId="ref41478" refString="Otero A. 2010. The appendicular skeleton of Neuquensaurus, a Late Cretaceous saltasaurine sauropod from Patagonia, Argentina. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55: 399 - 426." type="journal article" year="2010">Otero, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[232,485,565,587]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="20171219" refId="ref37000" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Otero A, Cerda IA, Salgado L, Garrido AC, Krause JM. 2017. A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284: 20171219." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[360,417,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) share the plesiomorphic condition of a coracoid transversely wide, such that its dorsal surface is at the same level or beyond the dorsal surface of the scapula. In MCF-PVPH-261/05 and MCF-PVPH-261/06, the anterior surface is convex and posterodorsally inclined, whereas the posterior surface is sinusoidal, being dorsally concave and ventrally prominent (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[471,605,780,802]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-24@30.[148,1422,196,1621]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 19. Pectoral girdle elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula MCF-PVPH-233/08 in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Fig. 19C, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in several somphospondylans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson" box="[393,539,810,832]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="215 - 275" refId="ref44288" refString="Wilson JA. 2002. Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny: critique and cladistic analysis. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 136: 215 - 275." type="journal article" year="2002">Wilson, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="1363" startId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" targetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" targetPageId="30">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="30.[144,1425,1660,1829]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1363">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[144,262,1660,1682]" pageId="30" pageNumber="1363">Figure 19.</emphasis>
|
||
Pectoral girdle elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[560,798,1661,1683]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="30" pageNumber="1363" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[560,798,1661,1683]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1363">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula
|
||
<emphasis box="[229,439,1690,1712]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="1363">MCF-PVPH-233/08</emphasis>
|
||
in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views. Abbreviations: af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[163,780,197,1905]" lastBlockId="31.[827,1444,197,740]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">
|
||
The ventral half of the bone is quadrangular in lateral view, because the anterior and posterior margins of the coracoid are aligned roughly at right angles to the ventral surface, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Zaher et al., 2011" authorityName="Zaher" authorityYear="2011" box="[410,773,933,955]" class="Reptilia" family="Nemegtosauridae" genus="Tapuiasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[410,568,934,955]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Tapuiasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zaher" box="[575,773,933,955]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Zaher" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="16663" refId="ref44899" refString="Zaher H, Pol D, Carvalho AB, Nascimento PM, Riccomini C, Larson P, de Almeida Campos D. 2011. A complete skull of an Early Cretaceous sauropod and the evolution of advanced titanosaurians. PLoS One 6: e 16663." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Zaher
|
||
<emphasis box="[649,705,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, in the latter taxon only the anterior surface of the coracoid forms an angle of 90° with the ventral surface. The anteroventral surface of the coracoid is rough and medially prominent, representing the articular surface with the sternal plate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilhite" firstAuthor="Wilhite" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref44198" refString="Wilhite DR. 2003. Digitizing large fossil skeletal elements for three-dimensional applications. Palaeontologia Electronica 5: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2003">Wilhite, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilhite" box="[234,290,1117,1139]" firstAuthor="Wilhite" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="268 - 301" refId="ref44220" refString="Wilhite DR. 2005. Variation in the appendicular skeleton of North American sauropod dinosaurs: taxonomic implications. In: Tidwell V, Carpenter K. eds. Thunderlizards. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 268 - 301." type="book chapter" year="2005">2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); in contrast, there is a gentle and short ridge for the attachment of the muscle biceps brachii on the laterodorsal margin (br;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[555,694,1178,1200]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-24@30.[148,1422,196,1621]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 19. Pectoral girdle elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula MCF-PVPH-233/08 in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Fig. 19C, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in several sauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Otero" box="[392,529,1209,1230]" firstAuthor="Otero" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="0198988" refId="ref41508" refString="Otero A. 2018. Forelimb musculature and osteological correlates in Sauropodomorpha (Dinosauria, Saurischia). PLoS One 13: e 0198988." type="journal article" year="2018">Otero, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The lateral surface of the coracoid shows, in turn, several subtle ventral rugosities that would represent the insertion of the muscle coracobrachialis brevis (cbb;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[596,730,1301,1323]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-24@30.[148,1422,196,1621]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 19. Pectoral girdle elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula MCF-PVPH-233/08 in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Fig. 19C, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Borsuk-Bialynicka" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[251,775,1332,1354]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Opisthocoelicaudia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[251,468,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Opisthocoelicaudia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borsuk-Bialynicka" box="[483,764,1332,1354]" firstAuthor="Borsuk-Bialynicka" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="5 - 64" refId="ref36375" refString="Borsuk-Bialynicka M. 1977. A new camarasaurid sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii gen. n., sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologica Polonica 37: 5 - 64." type="journal article" year="1977">Borsuk-Białynicka, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Throughout the posterior surface, there are two wide, rough and medially bevelled articular surfaces of the glenoid and the scapulocoracoid. The glenoid region is quadrangular in posteroventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[595,721,1454,1476]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-24@30.[148,1422,196,1621]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 19. Pectoral girdle elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula MCF-PVPH-233/08 in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Fig. 19D, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) and slightly concave transversely, being laterally delimited by a prominent and bevelled edge (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[579,712,1516,1538]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-24@30.[148,1422,196,1621]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 19. Pectoral girdle elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula MCF-PVPH-233/08 in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Fig. 19C, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The articular surface of the glenoid is rough and slightly longer than wide in posterior view, with the lateral margin dorsolaterally prominent and rather steeper than the medial one. Thus, part of the glenoid articular surface can be seen in lateral view, a derived condition that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[218,387,1700,1721]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[218,387,1700,1721]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with most of neosauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poropat" box="[171,384,1730,1752]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="34467" refId="ref41901" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Kundrat M, Tischler TR, Sloan T, Sinapius GHK, Elliott JA, Elliott DA. 2016. New Australian sauropods shed light on Cretaceous dinosaur palaeobiogeography. Scientific Reports 6: 34467." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis box="[264,318,1730,1752]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Posteriorly, a prominent and wide process divides the glenoid from the scapulocoracoid articular surface, whereas a well-marked infraglenoid groove opens between the anteroventral margin of the coracoid and the glenoid. The infraglenoid groove is shallow, anteroposteriorly concave, and delimited posteriorly by the prominent, lateroventrally directed and rounded margin of the glenoid, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Haplocanthosaurus" authorityName="Haplocanthosaurus" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Cetiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1301,1437,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Cetiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1068,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Haplocanthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="You et al., 2006" authorityName="You" authorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" family="Huanghetitanidae" genus="Huanghetitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1135,1306,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Huanghetitan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="You" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="You" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" refId="ref44724" refString="You HL, Li DQ, Zhou LQ, Ji Q. 2006. Huanghetitan liujiaxiaensis, a new sauropod dinosaur from the lower" type="book" year="2006">
|
||
You
|
||
<emphasis box="[1372,1428,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hatcher" box="[907,1085,289,311]" firstAuthor="Hatcher" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref39144" refString="Hatcher JB. 1903. Osteology of Haplocanthosaurus with description of a new species and some remarks on the probable habits of the Sauropoda and the age and origin of the Atlantosaurus beds. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 2: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1903">Hatcher, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch & Martin" box="[1104,1435,289,311]" firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="208 - 231" refId="ref43731" refString="Upchurch P, Martin J. 2003. The anatomy and taxonomy of Cetiosaurus (Saurischia, Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 208 - 231." type="journal article" year="2003">Upchurch & Martin, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" box="[827,1044,319,341]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="69375" refId="ref37858" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Benson RB, Pang Q, Zhengwu C. 2013. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[918,975,319,341]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Anteriorly, the ventral margin is rectangular, without an infraglenoid lip. Conversely, the scapulocoracoid articular surface is straight in posterior view, being dorsally thin and transversely wide and robust in its ventral margin, where the surface is slightly concave.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[827,1444,197,740]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">
|
||
On the posterior half of both coracoids there is an oval coracoid foramen, which is slightly dorsoventrally directed in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1117,1249,565,587]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="30.[144,223,1660,1682]" captionTargetBox="[151,1419,199,1618]" captionTargetId="figure-24@30.[148,1422,196,1621]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 19. Pectoral girdle elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A, Right scapula MCF-PVPH-228/11 in lateral view. B, left scapula MCF-PVPH-233/08 in lateral view. C–E, left coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/05 in lateral (C), distal (D) and medial views (E). F–H, right coracoid MCF-PVPH-261/06 in medial (F), distal (G) and lateral (H) views.Abbreviations:af, anterior fossa; ar, acromial ridge; br, attachment surface for muscle biceps brachii; cbb, attachment surface for muscle coracobrachialis brevis; f, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; ign, infraglenoid notch; lev sc, attachment surface for levator scapulae; mvp, medioventral process; pf, posterior fossa; scs, scapulocoracoid articular surface; sr, scapular ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381081" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381081/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Fig. 19C, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) and completely enclosed by the anterior margin of the bone. In this sense, the degree of ossification of the anterior margin of coracoid foramen suggests a postjuvenile ontogenetic stage for the specimens MCF-PVPH-261/05 and MCF-PVPH-261/06 (
|
||
<emphasis box="[997,1060,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[1067,1309,718,740]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[1185,1241,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[827,1444,781,1907]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1103,781,802]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">
|
||
Humerus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[955,1087,781,802]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Fig. 20A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[1382,1443,781,802]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned a complete left humerus (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">MCF-PVPH-233/10</emphasis>
|
||
) and the proximal (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1210,1435,842,863]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">MCF-PVPH-233/11</emphasis>
|
||
) and distal portions (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1063,1294,873,894]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">MCF-PVPH-233/11</emphasis>
|
||
) of the right one, they briefly described and drew in anterior view only the complete specimen. Therefore, we only remark the general morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1091,1261,965,986]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1091,1261,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
humeri, paying particular attention to some morphological features of the distal half of the right humerus (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1202,1429,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">MCF-PVPH-233/12</emphasis>
|
||
), which is preserved in better condition than the left one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[827,1444,781,1907]" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[882,1051,1087,1108]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[882,1051,1087,1108]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the humerus is an almost straight bone, with both epiphyses transversely more expanded with respect to the diaphysis in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1337,1428,1149,1171]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The robustness index (RI;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1136,1200,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Upchurch" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="125 - 160" refId="ref44501" refString="Wilson JA, Upchurch P. 2003. A revision of Titanosaurus Lydekker (Dinosauria - Sauropoda), the first dinosaur genus with a ' Gondwanan' distribution. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1: 125 - 160." type="journal article" year="2003">Wilson & Upchurch, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of
|
||
<emphasis box="[925,1154,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">MCF-PVPH-233/10</emphasis>
|
||
(RI = 0.24) suggests that the humerus is a slender bone, as in several nontitanosaurian Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", RI" authorityName="RI" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Cedarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1274,1436,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Cedarosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
, RI
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 0.21;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", RI" authorityName="RI" box="[956,1186,1302,1323]" class="Reptilia" genus="Chubutisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[956,1139,1302,1323]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Chubutisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
, RI
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 0.25;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", RI" authorityName="RI" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1286,1436,1302,1323]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
, RI
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 0.22;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", RI" authorityName="RI" box="[940,1184,1333,1354]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[940,1146,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Phuwiangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
, RI
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 0.25;
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", RI" authorityName="RI" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1269,1437,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
, RI
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
= 0.23;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[948,1208,1363,1385]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="739 - 781" refId="ref37192" refString="Carballido JL, Scheil M, Knotschke N, Sander PM. 2019. The appendicular skeleton of the dwarf macronarian sauropod Europasaurus holgeri from the Late Jurassic of Germany and a re-evaluation of its systematic affinities. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 18: 739 - 781." type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[1079,1138,1363,1385]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Unlike
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,882,1394,1416]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who consider the incomplete and strongly deformed right femur (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1091,1320,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">MCF-PVPH-233/17</emphasis>
|
||
), the ratio of the length of the humerus to the length of the femur is here calculated on the basis of the new left complete femur MCF-PVPH-261/12, resulting in a value of 0.79, as in most non-brachiosaurid sauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,883,1578,1600]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="31.[827,1444,781,1907]" lastBlockId="33.[163,780,197,1905]" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="1366" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">
|
||
The proximal epiphysis is medially projected in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1049,1153,1639,1661]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1252,1436,1639,1660]" class="Reptilia" genus="Chubutisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1252,1436,1639,1660]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Chubutisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[827,1061,1671,1692]" class="Reptilia" genus="Diamantinasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1061,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Diamantinasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Antunes & Mateus" authorityYear="2003" box="[1079,1198,1671,1692]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Lusotitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1079,1198,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Lusotitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curry Rogers & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[1217,1386,1671,1692]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rapetosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1217,1386,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Rapetosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[827,1011,1701,1722]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1011,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[1033,1168,1701,1722]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers" box="[1187,1435,1701,1722]" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="1046 - 1086" refId="ref37596" refString="Curry Rogers K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1046 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2009">Curry Rogers, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hocknull" box="[827,1110,1731,1753]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hocknull" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="6190" refId="ref39304" refString="Hocknull SA, White MA, Tischler TR, Cook AG, Calleja ND, Sloan T, Elliott DA. 2009. New mid-Cretaceous (latest Albian) dinosaurs from Winton, Queensland, Australia. PLoS One 4: e 6190." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Hocknull
|
||
<emphasis box="[958,1027,1731,1753]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[1132,1435,1731,1753]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="93 - 110" refId="ref36951" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Cerda I, Salgado L. 2011. The osteology of Chubutisaurus insignis del Corro, 1975 (Dinosauria: Neosauropoda) from the ' middle' Cretaceous of central Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 93 - 110." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[1283,1352,1731,1753]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion" box="[827,1088,1762,1784]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref40502" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN, Mateus O. 2013. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis box="[948,1011,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poropat" box="[1107,1369,1762,1784]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="995 - 1033" refId="ref42067" refString="Poropat SF, Upchurch P, Mannion PD, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Sloan T, George HK, Sinapius GHK, Elliot DA. 2015 b. Revision of the sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae Hocknull et al. 2009 from the mid-Cretaceous of Australia: implications for Gondwanan titanosauriform dispersal. Gondwana Research 27: 995 - 1033." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis box="[1214,1278,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The proximolateral margin is straight, forming an angle of 95° with the proximal articular surface, as in some Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[1063,1317,1854,1876]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[1187,1246,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="1364">MCF-PVPH-233/11</emphasis>
|
||
, both dorsomedial and dorsolateral margins are rough, representing the attachment surfaces for the muscles supracoracoideus and pectoralis, respectively (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borsuk-Bialynicka" box="[467,772,258,280]" firstAuthor="Borsuk-Bialynicka" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="5 - 64" refId="ref36375" refString="Borsuk-Bialynicka M. 1977. A new camarasaurid sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii gen. n., sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologica Polonica 37: 5 - 64." type="journal article" year="1977">Borsuk-Białynicka, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gimenez" box="[163,331,289,311]" firstAuthor="Gimenez" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="154" refId="ref38502" refString="Gimenez O. 1992. Estudio preliminar del miembro anterior de los sauropodos titanosauridos. Ameghiniana 30: 154. [Abstract.]" type="journal article" year="1992">Giménez, 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[344,523,289,311]" firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="43 - 103" refId="ref43623" refString="Upchurch P. 1998. The phylogenetic relationships of sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 124: 43 - 103." type="journal article" year="1998">Upchurch, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="32" pageNumber="1365" startId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" targetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" targetPageId="32">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="32.[145,1425,1626,1795]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1365">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,264,1626,1648]" pageId="32" pageNumber="1365">Figure 20.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[907,1149,1626,1648]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="32" pageNumber="1365" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[907,1149,1626,1648]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1365">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–D, left humerus
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1365">MCF-PVPH-233/10</emphasis>
|
||
in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="1365">MCF-PVPH-233/12</emphasis>
|
||
in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">
|
||
In dorsal view, the proximal end is triangular, with concave anterior and posterolateral margins (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 20B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The articular head is rounded, posteromedially directed and highly prominent, to a greater extent than in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[275,430,442,463]" genus="Angolatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[275,430,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Angolatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Dong, 1990" authorityName="Dong" authorityYear="1990" box="[452,771,442,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Bellusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[452,609,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Bellusaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dong" box="[623,771,443,464]" firstAuthor="Dong" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="43 - 58" refId="ref38165" refString="Dong Z. 1990. Sauropoda from the Kelameili region of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang autonomous region. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 28: 43 - 58." type="journal article" year="1990">Dong, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Martinelli & Forasiepi, 2004" authorityName="Martinelli & Forasiepi" authorityYear="2004" box="[163,618,473,495]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Bonatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,279,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Bonatitan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinelli & Forasiepi" box="[287,618,473,495]" firstAuthor="Martinelli" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="257 - 305" refId="ref40835" refString="Martinelli AG, Forasiepi A. 2004. Late Cretaceous vertebrates from Bajo de Santa Rosa (Allen Formation), Rio Negro province, Argentina, with the description of a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauridae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Nueva Serie 6: 257 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Martinelli & Forasiepi, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[632,773,473,494]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[632,773,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Mo et al., 2008" authorityName="Mo" authorityYear="2008" box="[163,539,504,525]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Qingxiusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,344,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Qingxiusaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mo" box="[354,539,504,525]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mo" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="147 - 156" refId="ref41241" refString="Mo JY, Huang CL, Zhao ZR, Wang W, Xu X. 2008. A new titanosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Guanxi, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 46: 147 - 156." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Mo
|
||
<emphasis box="[401,464,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curry Rogers & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[556,723,504,525]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rapetosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[556,723,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Rapetosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,303,534,555]" genus="Rukwatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,303,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Rukwatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[321,504,534,556]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dong" box="[519,652,535,556]" firstAuthor="Dong" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="43 - 58" refId="ref38165" refString="Dong Z. 1990. Sauropoda from the Kelameili region of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang autonomous region. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 28: 43 - 58." type="journal article" year="1990">Dong, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mo" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mo" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="147 - 156" refId="ref41241" refString="Mo JY, Huang CL, Zhao ZR, Wang W, Xu X. 2008. A new titanosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Guanxi, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 46: 147 - 156." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Mo
|
||
<emphasis box="[713,772,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers" box="[232,455,565,587]" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="1046 - 1086" refId="ref37596" refString="Curry Rogers K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1046 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2009">Curry Rogers, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor" box="[468,608,565,587]" firstAuthor="Taylor" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="787 - 806" refId="ref43380" refString="Taylor MP. 2009. A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch 1914). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 787 - 806." type="journal article" year="2009">Taylor, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mateus" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mateus" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="221 - 233" refId="ref41021" refString="Mateus O, Jacobs LL, Schulp AS, Polcyn MJ, Tavares TS, Buta Neto A, Antunes MT. 2011. Angolatitan adamastor, a new sauropod dinosaur and the first record from Angola. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 83: 221 - 233." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mateus
|
||
<emphasis box="[716,773,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mo" box="[235,343,596,617]" firstAuthor="Mo" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="1 - 231" refId="ref41173" refString="Mo J. 2013. Topics in Chinese dinosaur paleontology: Bellusaurus sui. Zhengzhou: Henan Science and Technology Press, 1 - 231." type="book chapter" year="2013">Mo, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gorscak" box="[358,595,596,618]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gorscak" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="1133 - 1154" refId="ref38996" refString="Gorscak E, O'Connor PM, Stevens NJ, Roberts EM. 2014. The basal titanosaurian Rukwatitan bisepultus (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the middle Cretaceous Galula Formation, Rukwa Rift Basin, southwestern Tanzania. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 34: 1133 - 1154." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Gorscak
|
||
<emphasis box="[463,523,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="525 - 548" refId="ref42738" refString="Salgado L, Gallina PA, Paulina Carabajal A. 2015. Redescription of Bonatitan reigi (Sauropoda: Titanosauria), from the Campanian - Maastrichtian of the Rio Negro Province (Argentina). Historical Biology 27: 525 - 548." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Salgado
|
||
<emphasis box="[713,772,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in which the articular heads are slightly more prominent with respect to the rest of sauropods. The condition of a prominent humeral head is considered as an autapomorphic feature of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[585,772,718,739]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[585,772,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the posterior side of the humerus, the articular head is rough and oval, extending distally to form a ventrolaterally inclined and short neck (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[660,763,810,832]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 20D</figureCitation>
|
||
). At the sides of this neck, the bone surfaces are transversely concave and slightly rough (i.e. medial and lateral triceps fossae,
|
||
<emphasis box="[500,567,903,924]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="0125819" refId="ref43691" refString="Upchurch P, Mannion PD, Taylor MP. 2015. The anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of " Pelorosaurus " becklesii (Neosauropoda, Macronaria) from the Early Cretaceous of England. PLoS One 10: e 0125819." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[709,772,902,924]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), representing the attachment surfaces for the muscle triceps of the humeral articular head (BorsukBiałynicka, 1977). In anterior view, the proximal articular surface is gently convex medially owing to the presence of the articular head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[220,389,1086,1107]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[220,389,1086,1107]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the transverse width of proximal epiphysis is convergent with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[559,773,1117,1139]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Brachiosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, representing ~30% of the total length of the humerus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" box="[172,465,1178,1200]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[484,762,1178,1200]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[618,683,1178,1200]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Anteriorly, a wide and deep deltopectoral fossa occupies most of the proximal half of the humerus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[666,763,1240,1262]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 20A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The fossa is triangular, proximally wider and distally extended, being delimited laterally by a prominent and longitudinal deltopectoral crest. Proximally, this crest is straight and anteriorly prominent, whereas it is wider and medially inclined close to the mid-shaft, as in titanosauriforms more derived than
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Wilson & Sereno, 1998)" baseAuthorityName="Wilson & Sereno" baseAuthorityYear="1998" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[612,779,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" box="[171,429,1454,1476]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[163,780,197,1905]" lastBlockId="33.[827,1444,197,556]" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">
|
||
In
|
||
<emphasis box="[226,473,1485,1506]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">MCF-PVPH-233/12</emphasis>
|
||
, the distal epiphysis is transversely expanded with respect to the diaphysis in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[359,453,1546,1568]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 20E</figureCitation>
|
||
), with an almost flat ventral articular surface. In distal view, the distal articular surface is rectangular, wider than long, with both ulnar and radial condyles slightly prominent anteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 20F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis box="[272,514,1669,1690]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">MCF-PVPH-233/10</emphasis>
|
||
, the distal surface is poorly preserved, showing a pointed ulnar condyle and a rounded radial condyle, both of which are equally prominent (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[298,394,1761,1783]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 20C</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martinelli & Forasiepi" authorityYear="2004" box="[479,594,1761,1782]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Bonatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[479,594,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Bonatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[607,778,1761,1782]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[607,778,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[214,354,1792,1813]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[214,354,1792,1813]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cope" box="[370,497,1792,1813]" firstAuthor="Cope" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="193 - 196" refId="ref37467" refString="Cope ED. 1877. On reptilian remains from the Dakota beds of Colorado. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 17: 193 - 196." type="journal article" year="1877">Cope, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[510,688,1791,1813]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor" firstAuthor="Taylor" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="787 - 806" refId="ref43380" refString="Taylor MP. 2009. A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch 1914). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 787 - 806." type="journal article" year="2009">Taylor, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado" box="[236,474,1822,1844]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="525 - 548" refId="ref42738" refString="Salgado L, Gallina PA, Paulina Carabajal A. 2015. Redescription of Bonatitan reigi (Sauropoda: Titanosauria), from the Campanian - Maastrichtian of the Rio Negro Province (Argentina). Historical Biology 27: 525 - 548." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Salgado
|
||
<emphasis box="[340,401,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis box="[534,772,1822,1843]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">MCF-PVPH-233/12</emphasis>
|
||
, the ulnar condyle is rounded and with a slight anteromedial inclination in distal view, whereas the radial condyle is shorter and shallower. Anteriorly, the radial condyle is divided into two robust, medially convergent and anteriorly prominent processes (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 20C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in several sauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic MD" box="[1198,1348,289,311]" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="624 - 671" refId="ref37712" refString="D'Emic MD. 2012. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 166: 624 - 671." type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="102 - 132" refId="ref37814" refString="D'Emic MD, Foreman BZ, Jud NA. 2016. Anatomy, systematics, paleoenvironment, growth, and age of the sauropod dinosaur Sonorasaurus thompsoni from the Cretaceous of Arizona, USA. Journal of Paleontology 90: 102 - 132." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,883,319,341]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Ren
|
||
<emphasis box="[1015,1071,319,341]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2020), excluding titanosaurians and some somphospondylans (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1259,1443,350,371]" class="Reptilia" genus="Chubutisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1259,1443,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Chubutisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[883,1064,381,402]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[883,1064,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[1082,1214,381,402]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="93 - 110" refId="ref36951" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Cerda I, Salgado L. 2011. The osteology of Chubutisaurus insignis del Corro, 1975 (Dinosauria: Neosauropoda) from the ' middle' Cretaceous of central Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 93 - 110." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[1373,1436,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), in which the radial condyle is undivided. On the posterior surface of distal epiphysis there are two dorsally convergent crests that delimit a wide and deep anconeal fossa (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1070,1225,503,525]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 20C, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), a synapomorphic condition of Somphospondyli (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[1168,1411,534,556]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[1287,1343,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[827,1443,597,1017]" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1092,597,618]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">
|
||
Radius (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[939,1074,597,618]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 20G–I</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
This new element (MCF-PVPH-261/07) comes from the same quarry as the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[827,921,658,680]" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen and is composed of the distal extremity of a left radius. The diaphysis is triangular in crosssection, with a slightly convex anterior surface and an almost flat posterior surface (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1150,1234,750,772]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 20I</figureCitation>
|
||
), which represents the articular surface with the ulna. In lateral view, the distal end is expanded with respect to the diaphysis, especially through the prominent posterodistal edge (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[835,937,873,895]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 20G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distal articular surface is convex in anterior view, with most of the lateral portion being slightly bevelled, whereas it is trapezoidal in ventral view, with a straight lateral margin that forms a right angle with the posterior side (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1156,1251,995,1017]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 20H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[827,1444,1053,1903]" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1071,1053,1074]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">
|
||
Metacarpals (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[981,1056,1053,1074]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="34.[146,227,1384,1406]" captionTargetBox="[149,1418,201,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-170@34.[148,1421,198,1344]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 21. Photographs and line drawings of the manus of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, right metacarpal II MCF- PVPH-233/13 in medial (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and lateral (D) views. E, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal II MCF-PVPH-233/15 in distal view. F–I, right metacarpal III MCF-PVPH-233/14 in lateral (F), proximal (G), distal (H) and medial (I) views. J, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal IV MCF-PVPH-233/16 in distal view. Abbreviations: am, anterior margin; lm, lateral margin; McI, articular surface for metacarpal I; McII, articular surface for metacarpal II; McIII, articular surface for metacarpal III; McIV, articular surface for metacarpal IV; pm, posterior margin; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381085/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 21</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The four metacarpal specimens known for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[953,1127,1083,1104]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[953,1127,1083,1104]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were briefly described but not figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" box="[1002,1275,1114,1136]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[1134,1193,1114,1136]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1343,1443,1114,1136]" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[857,1034,1145,1166]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[857,1034,1145,1166]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes two metacarpals II (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="34.[146,227,1384,1406]" captionTargetBox="[149,1418,201,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-170@34.[148,1421,198,1344]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 21. Photographs and line drawings of the manus of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, right metacarpal II MCF- PVPH-233/13 in medial (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and lateral (D) views. E, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal II MCF-PVPH-233/15 in distal view. F–I, right metacarpal III MCF-PVPH-233/14 in lateral (F), proximal (G), distal (H) and medial (I) views. J, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal IV MCF-PVPH-233/16 in distal view. Abbreviations: am, anterior margin; lm, lateral margin; McI, articular surface for metacarpal I; McII, articular surface for metacarpal II; McIII, articular surface for metacarpal III; McIV, articular surface for metacarpal IV; pm, posterior margin; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381085/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 21A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
): an almost complete right metacarpal (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">MCF-PVPH-233/13</emphasis>
|
||
) and the distal end of a left metacarpal (
|
||
<emphasis box="[837,1103,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">MCF-PVPH- 233/ 15</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis box="[1139,1404,1237,1258]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">MCF-PVPH-233/ 13</emphasis>
|
||
is a long and slender bone (RI = 0.43), as in some titanosauriforms (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1091,1231,1298,1319]" genus="Angolatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1091,1231,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Angolatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1246,1389,1298,1319]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1246,1389,1298,1319]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[827,991,1329,1350]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Venenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,991,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Venenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[1006,1190,1329,1351]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tidwell" box="[1205,1436,1329,1351]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tidwell" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="139 - 165" refId="ref43482" refString="Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Meyer S. 2001. New titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah. In: Tanke DH, Carpenter K. eds. Mesozoic vertebrate life. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 139 - 165." type="book chapter" year="2001">
|
||
Tidwell
|
||
<emphasis box="[1303,1364,1329,1350]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor" box="[827,964,1359,1381]" firstAuthor="Taylor" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="787 - 806" refId="ref43380" refString="Taylor MP. 2009. A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch 1914). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 787 - 806." type="journal article" year="2009">Taylor, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mateus" box="[977,1191,1359,1381]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mateus" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="221 - 233" refId="ref41021" refString="Mateus O, Jacobs LL, Schulp AS, Polcyn MJ, Tavares TS, Buta Neto A, Antunes MT. 2011. Angolatitan adamastor, a new sauropod dinosaur and the first record from Angola. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias 83: 221 - 233." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Mateus
|
||
<emphasis box="[1068,1124,1359,1381]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poropat" box="[1203,1434,1359,1381]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="59 - 106" refId="ref41847" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Elliott DA. 2015 a. Reassessment of the nontitanosaurian somphospondylan Wintonotitan wattsi (Dinosauria: Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the midCretaceous Winton Formation, Queensland, Australia. Papers in Palaeontology 1: 59 - 106." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis box="[1298,1354,1359,1381]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and titanosaurians (
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="von Huene, 1929" authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1929" box="[1064,1437,1390,1411]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Laplatasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1064,1234,1390,1411]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Laplatasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene" box="[1242,1437,1390,1411]" firstAuthor="von Huene" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="1 - 196" refId="ref39348" refString="von Huene F. 1929. Los saurisquios y ornitisquios del Cretaceo Argentino. Anales del Museo de La Plata, Seccion Paleontologia 2: 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1929">von Huene, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gallina & Otero" box="[827,1088,1420,1443]" firstAuthor="Gallina" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="487 - 501" refId="ref38347" refString="Gallina PA, Otero A. 2015. Reassessment of Laplatasaurus araukanicus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana 52: 487 - 501." type="journal article" year="2015">Gallina & Otero, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ratio of the total length to proximal width of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1098,1343,1451,1472]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">MCF-PVPH-233/13</emphasis>
|
||
(4.4) is comparable to that of several brachiosaurids, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wilson & Sereno" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[861,1033,1513,1534]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[861,1033,1513,1534]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ratkevich" authorityYear="1998" box="[1048,1212,1513,1534]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sonorasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1048,1212,1513,1534]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Sonorasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1227,1389,1513,1534]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Venenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1227,1389,1513,1534]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Venenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and OMNH-01138 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Riggs" box="[1006,1140,1543,1565]" firstAuthor="Riggs" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="299 - 306" refId="ref42266" refString="Riggs ES. 1903. Brachiosaurus altithorax, the largest known dinosaur. American Journal of Science 15: 299 - 306." type="journal article" year="1903">Riggs, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ratkevich" box="[1154,1342,1543,1565]" firstAuthor="Ratkevich" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="71 - 82" refId="ref42183" refString="Ratkevich R. 1998. New Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaur, Sonorasaurus thompsoni gen. et sp. nov., from Arizona. Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science 31: 71 - 82." type="journal article" year="1998">Ratkevich, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tidwell" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tidwell" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="139 - 165" refId="ref43482" refString="Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Meyer S. 2001. New titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah. In: Tanke DH, Carpenter K. eds. Mesozoic vertebrate life. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 139 - 165." type="book chapter" year="2001">
|
||
Tidwell
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,885,1574,1596]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonnan MF & Wedel MJ" box="[969,1236,1574,1596]" journalOrPublisher="PaleoBios" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="13 - 21" part="24" refId="ref36257" refString="Bonnan MF, Wedel MJ. 2004. First occurrence of Brachiosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Oklahoma. PaleoBios 24: 13 - 21." title="First occurrence of Brachiosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Oklahoma" type="journal article" year="2004">Bonnan & Wedel, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but higher with respect to most neosauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonnan MF & Wedel MJ" box="[1172,1429,1605,1627]" journalOrPublisher="PaleoBios" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="13 - 21" part="24" refId="ref36257" refString="Bonnan MF, Wedel MJ. 2004. First occurrence of Brachiosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Oklahoma. PaleoBios 24: 13 - 21." title="First occurrence of Brachiosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Oklahoma" type="journal article" year="2004">Bonnan & Wedel, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[827,1444,1053,1903]" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">
|
||
The proximal articular surface is triangular in proximal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1006,1102,1666,1688]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="34.[146,227,1384,1406]" captionTargetBox="[149,1418,201,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-170@34.[148,1421,198,1344]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 21. Photographs and line drawings of the manus of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, right metacarpal II MCF- PVPH-233/13 in medial (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and lateral (D) views. E, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal II MCF-PVPH-233/15 in distal view. F–I, right metacarpal III MCF-PVPH-233/14 in lateral (F), proximal (G), distal (H) and medial (I) views. J, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal IV MCF-PVPH-233/16 in distal view. Abbreviations: am, anterior margin; lm, lateral margin; McI, articular surface for metacarpal I; McII, articular surface for metacarpal II; McIII, articular surface for metacarpal III; McIV, articular surface for metacarpal IV; pm, posterior margin; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381085/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 21B</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in several Neosauropoda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Apesteguia" box="[835,1029,1696,1719]" firstAuthor="Apesteguia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="321 - 345" refId="ref35452" refString="Apesteguia S. 2005. 15. Evolution of the titanosaur metacarpus. In: Tidwell V, Carpenter K, eds. Thunder-lizards. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 321 - 345." type="book chapter" year="2005">Apesteguía, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), with a convex medial margin and a straight lateral margin. The articular surface is rough, laterally convex, and with a slight anteroventral inclination in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1136,1231,1789,1811]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="34.[146,227,1384,1406]" captionTargetBox="[149,1418,201,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-170@34.[148,1421,198,1344]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 21. Photographs and line drawings of the manus of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, right metacarpal II MCF- PVPH-233/13 in medial (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and lateral (D) views. E, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal II MCF-PVPH-233/15 in distal view. F–I, right metacarpal III MCF-PVPH-233/14 in lateral (F), proximal (G), distal (H) and medial (I) views. J, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal IV MCF-PVPH-233/16 in distal view. Abbreviations: am, anterior margin; lm, lateral margin; McI, articular surface for metacarpal I; McII, articular surface for metacarpal II; McIII, articular surface for metacarpal III; McIV, articular surface for metacarpal IV; pm, posterior margin; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381085/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 21A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="33.[827,1444,1053,1903]" lastBlockId="34.[809,1425,1638,1905]" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="1367" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">
|
||
The diaphysis is bowed in lateral and medial views, proximally straight and anteromedially inclined (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[836,981,1881,1903]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="34.[146,227,1384,1406]" captionTargetBox="[149,1418,201,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-170@34.[148,1421,198,1344]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 21. Photographs and line drawings of the manus of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, right metacarpal II MCF- PVPH-233/13 in medial (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and lateral (D) views. E, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal II MCF-PVPH-233/15 in distal view. F–I, right metacarpal III MCF-PVPH-233/14 in lateral (F), proximal (G), distal (H) and medial (I) views. J, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal IV MCF-PVPH-233/16 in distal view. Abbreviations: am, anterior margin; lm, lateral margin; McI, articular surface for metacarpal I; McII, articular surface for metacarpal II; McIII, articular surface for metacarpal III; McIV, articular surface for metacarpal IV; pm, posterior margin; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381085/files/figure.png" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Fig. 21A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(von Huene, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="von Huene" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Antarctosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="1367" order="Saurischia" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1084,1278,1881,1902]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366">Antarctosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene" firstAuthor="von Huene" lastPageId="34" lastPageNumber="1367" pageId="33" pageNumber="1366" pagination="1 - 196" refId="ref39348" refString="von Huene F. 1929. Los saurisquios y ornitisquios del Cretaceo Argentino. Anales del Museo de La Plata, Seccion Paleontologia 2: 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1929">von Huene, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but unlike most neosauropods. Following
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Apesteguia" box="[145,364,1668,1690]" firstAuthor="Apesteguia" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367" pagination="321 - 345" refId="ref35452" refString="Apesteguia S. 2005. 15. Evolution of the titanosaur metacarpus. In: Tidwell V, Carpenter K, eds. Thunder-lizards. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 321 - 345." type="book chapter" year="2005">Apesteguía (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the bowed condition of the first metacarpals would be associated with the presence of a well-developed ungual phalanx, suggesting that, at least in some derived titanosauriforms (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="von Huene" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[145,326,1791,1812]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Antarctosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,326,1791,1812]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367">Antarctosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[385,559,1791,1812]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[385,559,1791,1812]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), such a phalanx would be present on the first two fingers of the hand, as in several diplodocoids. Two longitudinal crests run ventrally from the posterolateral margin of the proximal end to the posterolateral margin of the distal end (vlr;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1039,1140,1668,1690]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="34.[146,227,1384,1406]" captionTargetBox="[149,1418,201,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-170@34.[148,1421,198,1344]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 21. Photographs and line drawings of the manus of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, right metacarpal II MCF- PVPH-233/13 in medial (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and lateral (D) views. E, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal II MCF-PVPH-233/15 in distal view. F–I, right metacarpal III MCF-PVPH-233/14 in lateral (F), proximal (G), distal (H) and medial (I) views. J, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal IV MCF-PVPH-233/16 in distal view. Abbreviations: am, anterior margin; lm, lateral margin; McI, articular surface for metacarpal I; McII, articular surface for metacarpal II; McIII, articular surface for metacarpal III; McIV, articular surface for metacarpal IV; pm, posterior margin; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381085/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367">Fig. 21D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Thus, the diaphysis is triangular proximally and almost square in crosssection distally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381085" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381085/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367" startId="34.[146,227,1384,1406]" targetBox="[149,1418,201,1333]" targetPageId="34">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="34.[145,1425,1384,1582]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[146,269,1384,1406]" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367">Figure 21.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the manus of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[816,1065,1384,1406]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[816,1065,1384,1406]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–D, right metacarpal II
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367">MCF-PVPH-233/13</emphasis>
|
||
in medial (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and lateral (D) views. E, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal II
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,355,1443,1465]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367">MCF-PVPH-233/15</emphasis>
|
||
in distal view. F–I, right metacarpal III
|
||
<emphasis box="[775,985,1443,1465]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367">MCF-PVPH-233/14</emphasis>
|
||
in lateral (F), proximal (G), distal (H) and medial (I) views. J, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal IV
|
||
<emphasis box="[774,985,1472,1494]" italics="true" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367">MCF-PVPH-233/16</emphasis>
|
||
in distal view. Abbreviations: am, anterior margin; lm, lateral margin; McI, articular surface for metacarpal I; McII, articular surface for metacarpal II; McIII, articular surface for metacarpal III; McIV, articular surface for metacarpal IV; pm, posterior margin; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="34.[809,1425,1638,1905]" lastBlockId="35.[163,780,197,1262]" lastPageId="35" lastPageNumber="1368" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367">
|
||
The distal surface is quadrangular in distal view and longer than wide (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1012,1133,1791,1813]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="34.[146,227,1384,1406]" captionTargetBox="[149,1418,201,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-170@34.[148,1421,198,1344]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 21. Photographs and line drawings of the manus of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, right metacarpal II MCF- PVPH-233/13 in medial (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and lateral (D) views. E, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal II MCF-PVPH-233/15 in distal view. F–I, right metacarpal III MCF-PVPH-233/14 in lateral (F), proximal (G), distal (H) and medial (I) views. J, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal IV MCF-PVPH-233/16 in distal view. Abbreviations: am, anterior margin; lm, lateral margin; McI, articular surface for metacarpal I; McII, articular surface for metacarpal II; McIII, articular surface for metacarpal III; McIV, articular surface for metacarpal IV; pm, posterior margin; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381085/files/figure.png" pageId="34" pageNumber="1367">Fig. 21C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior and medial margins are convex, whereas the posterior and lateral ones are slightly concave. The articular surface is rough and medially concave in anterior view, for a shallow intercondylar groove, as in most Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonnan MF & Wedel MJ" box="[171,430,228,250]" journalOrPublisher="PaleoBios" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="13 - 21" part="24" refId="ref36257" refString="Bonnan MF, Wedel MJ. 2004. First occurrence of Brachiosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Oklahoma. PaleoBios 24: 13 - 21." title="First occurrence of Brachiosaurus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Oklahoma" type="journal article" year="2004">Bonnan & Wedel, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Apesteguia" box="[442,637,228,250]" firstAuthor="Apesteguia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="321 - 345" refId="ref35452" refString="Apesteguia S. 2005. 15. Evolution of the titanosaur metacarpus. In: Tidwell V, Carpenter K, eds. Thunder-lizards. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 321 - 345." type="book chapter" year="2005">Apesteguía, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[163,780,197,1262]" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">
|
||
The right metacarpal III of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[583,779,258,280]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[583,779,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[172,419,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">MCF-PVPH-233/14</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[437,568,289,311]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="34.[146,227,1384,1406]" captionTargetBox="[149,1418,201,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-170@34.[148,1421,198,1344]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 21. Photographs and line drawings of the manus of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, right metacarpal II MCF- PVPH-233/13 in medial (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and lateral (D) views. E, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal II MCF-PVPH-233/15 in distal view. F–I, right metacarpal III MCF-PVPH-233/14 in lateral (F), proximal (G), distal (H) and medial (I) views. J, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal IV MCF-PVPH-233/16 in distal view. Abbreviations: am, anterior margin; lm, lateral margin; McI, articular surface for metacarpal I; McII, articular surface for metacarpal II; McIII, articular surface for metacarpal III; McIV, articular surface for metacarpal IV; pm, posterior margin; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381085/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Fig. 21F–I</figureCitation>
|
||
) is straight and slender (RI = 0.43), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1929" box="[473,649,320,341]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Laplatasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[473,649,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Laplatasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(RI = 0.4),
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,331,350,371]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,331,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(RI = 0.42) and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[510,667,351,372]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Venenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[510,667,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Venenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(RI = 0.4) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene" box="[172,375,381,403]" firstAuthor="von Huene" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="1 - 196" refId="ref39348" refString="von Huene F. 1929. Los saurisquios y ornitisquios del Cretaceo Argentino. Anales del Museo de La Plata, Seccion Paleontologia 2: 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1929">von Huene, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tidwell" box="[391,626,381,403]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tidwell" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="139 - 165" refId="ref43482" refString="Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Meyer S. 2001. New titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah. In: Tanke DH, Carpenter K. eds. Mesozoic vertebrate life. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 139 - 165." type="book chapter" year="2001">
|
||
Tidwell
|
||
<emphasis box="[491,552,381,403]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[642,772,381,403]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gallina & Otero" box="[163,418,412,434]" firstAuthor="Gallina" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="487 - 501" refId="ref38347" refString="Gallina PA, Otero A. 2015. Reassessment of Laplatasaurus araukanicus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana 52: 487 - 501." type="journal article" year="2015">Gallina & Otero, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[621,719,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="32.[145,225,1626,1648]" captionTargetBox="[148,1419,199,1584]" captionTargetId="figure-25@32.[148,1422,196,1587]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Figure 20. Photographs and line drawings of the forelimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, left humerus MCF- PVPH-233/10 in anterior (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and posterior (D) views. E, F, distal half of the right humerus MCF- PVPH-233/12 in anterior (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, distal half of the left radius MCF-PVPH-261/07 in posterior (G), distal (H) and lateral (I) views. Abbreviations: ac, accessory condyles; anf, anconeal fossa; das, distal articular surface; dpc, deltopectoral crest; dpf, deltopectoral fossa; hh, humeral head; ltf, lateral triceps fossa; mtf, medial triceps fossa; rc, radial condyle; uas, ulnar articular surface; uc, ulnar condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381083/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Fig. 20G</figureCitation>
|
||
), the proximal surface is rough and triangular, with almost straight margins, whereas it is slightly convex in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[313,407,504,526]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="34.[146,227,1384,1406]" captionTargetBox="[149,1418,201,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-170@34.[148,1421,198,1344]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 21. Photographs and line drawings of the manus of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, right metacarpal II MCF- PVPH-233/13 in medial (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and lateral (D) views. E, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal II MCF-PVPH-233/15 in distal view. F–I, right metacarpal III MCF-PVPH-233/14 in lateral (F), proximal (G), distal (H) and medial (I) views. J, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal IV MCF-PVPH-233/16 in distal view. Abbreviations: am, anterior margin; lm, lateral margin; McI, articular surface for metacarpal I; McII, articular surface for metacarpal II; McIII, articular surface for metacarpal III; McIV, articular surface for metacarpal IV; pm, posterior margin; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381085/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Fig. 21F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[163,780,197,1262]" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">The diaphysis is elliptical in cross-section, and slightly longer than wide. On the posterior surface there is a robust and longitudinal crest, slightly medioventrally directed, but well preserved only on the proximal third of the diaphysis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[163,780,197,1262]" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">
|
||
The distal surface is rough and rectangular in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[330,432,718,740]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="34.[146,227,1384,1406]" captionTargetBox="[149,1418,201,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-170@34.[148,1421,198,1344]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 21. Photographs and line drawings of the manus of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, right metacarpal II MCF- PVPH-233/13 in medial (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and lateral (D) views. E, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal II MCF-PVPH-233/15 in distal view. F–I, right metacarpal III MCF-PVPH-233/14 in lateral (F), proximal (G), distal (H) and medial (I) views. J, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal IV MCF-PVPH-233/16 in distal view. Abbreviations: am, anterior margin; lm, lateral margin; McI, articular surface for metacarpal I; McII, articular surface for metacarpal II; McIII, articular surface for metacarpal III; McIV, articular surface for metacarpal IV; pm, posterior margin; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381085/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Fig. 21H</figureCitation>
|
||
), being wider than long. The anterior surface is convex, whereas the posterior surface is slightly concave, resulting in a shallower intercondylar groove than in metacarpal II.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[163,780,197,1262]" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">
|
||
The metacarpal IV of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[452,628,841,862]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[452,628,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[646,741,841,863]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="34.[146,227,1384,1406]" captionTargetBox="[149,1418,201,1333]" captionTargetId="figure-170@34.[148,1421,198,1344]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 21. Photographs and line drawings of the manus of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–D, right metacarpal II MCF- PVPH-233/13 in medial (A), proximal (B), distal (C) and lateral (D) views. E, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal II MCF-PVPH-233/15 in distal view. F–I, right metacarpal III MCF-PVPH-233/14 in lateral (F), proximal (G), distal (H) and medial (I) views. J, distal epiphysis of the left metacarpal IV MCF-PVPH-233/16 in distal view. Abbreviations: am, anterior margin; lm, lateral margin; McI, articular surface for metacarpal I; McII, articular surface for metacarpal II; McIII, articular surface for metacarpal III; McIV, articular surface for metacarpal IV; pm, posterior margin; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381085" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381085/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Fig. 21J</figureCitation>
|
||
) is represented by a left distal end (
|
||
<emphasis box="[536,765,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">MCF-PVPH-233/16</emphasis>
|
||
), with a rough and rectangular articular surface in ventral view. The medial margin is convex, whereas the lateral margin is straight and dorsally rough for the articulation with the metacarpal V. In posterior view, a low intercondylar groove divides the rounded medial half of the distal surface from the more prominent lateral half, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wilson & Sereno" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[514,688,1086,1107]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[514,688,1086,1107]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Riggs" firstAuthor="Riggs" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="299 - 306" refId="ref42266" refString="Riggs ES. 1903. Brachiosaurus altithorax, the largest known dinosaur. American Journal of Science 15: 299 - 306." type="journal article" year="1903">Riggs, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[234,414,1117,1139]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref39532" refString="Janensch WJ. 1950. The vertebral column of Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">Janensch, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Tidwell et al., 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Tidwell" baseAuthorityYear="2001" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Venenosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[438,600,1118,1139]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Venenosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tidwell" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tidwell" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="139 - 165" refId="ref43482" refString="Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Meyer S. 2001. New titanosauriform (Sauropoda) from the Poison Strip Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous), Utah. In: Tanke DH, Carpenter K. eds. Mesozoic vertebrate life. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 139 - 165." type="book chapter" year="2001">
|
||
Tidwell
|
||
<emphasis box="[714,773,1117,1139]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the previous metacarpals of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[604,773,1148,1169]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[604,773,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, in
|
||
<emphasis box="[316,556,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">MCF-PVPH-233/16</emphasis>
|
||
the intercondylar groove does not extend dorsally throughout the posterodistal margin of the epiphysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[163,780,1302,1907]" lastBlockId="35.[827,1444,197,1660]" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,368,1302,1324]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">
|
||
Ilium (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[249,350,1302,1324]" captionStart="Figure22" captionStartId="36.[145,223,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[221,1348,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-24@36.[218,1351,194,1676]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure22. Photographsand linedrawingsofpelvicgirdleelementsofLigabuesaurus leanzai.A,leftilium MCF-PVPH-261/08 in lateral view. B–D, proximal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/10 in lateral (B), proximal (C) and medial (D) views. E, F, proximal half of the left pubis MCF-PVPH-261/09 in lateral (E) and proximal (F) views. G, reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view, assembling the proximal and distal halves MCF-PVPH-261/10 and MCF-PVPH-261/11. H–J, distal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/11 in anterior (H), lateral (I) and distal (J) views. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; am, anterior margin; ias, ischiatic articular surface; ip, ischiatic peduncle; lm, lateral margin; mm, medial margin; of, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; prap, preacetabular process. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381087/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
An incomplete left ilium (MCF-PVPH-261/08) that was found articulated with the sacrum and left femur in the same quarry as the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[163,270,1394,1416]" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen is described below. The bone preserves both pubic and ischiatic peduncles, in addition to part of the preacetabular and postacetabular processes. However, most of the anterodorsal portion of iliac expansion is lost. In lateral view, the ilium is dorsoventrally low and anteroposteriorly expanded, with a long and anteroventrally directed pubic peduncle on the ventral half and a rounded and low ischiatic peduncle on the distal third (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[614,711,1640,1662]" captionStart="Figure22" captionStartId="36.[145,223,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[221,1348,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-24@36.[218,1351,194,1676]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure22. Photographsand linedrawingsofpelvicgirdleelementsofLigabuesaurus leanzai.A,leftilium MCF-PVPH-261/08 in lateral view. B–D, proximal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/10 in lateral (B), proximal (C) and medial (D) views. E, F, proximal half of the left pubis MCF-PVPH-261/09 in lateral (E) and proximal (F) views. G, reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view, assembling the proximal and distal halves MCF-PVPH-261/10 and MCF-PVPH-261/11. H–J, distal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/11 in anterior (H), lateral (I) and distal (J) views. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; am, anterior margin; ias, ischiatic articular surface; ip, ischiatic peduncle; lm, lateral margin; mm, medial margin; of, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; prap, preacetabular process. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381087/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The preacetabular process is concave laterally and gently slopes anterolaterally in anterior view, being slightly longer than the postacetabular process in lateral view, as in most Neosauropoda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" box="[492,773,1762,1784]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson JA" box="[163,317,1793,1815]" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="59 - 69" refId="ref44342" refString="Wilson JA. 2011. Anatomical terminology for the sacrum of sauropod dinosaurs. Contributions from the Museum of Paleontology University of Michigan 32: 59 - 69." type="journal article" year="2011">Wilson, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Iijima & Kobayashi" box="[332,640,1793,1815]" firstAuthor="Iijima" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="608 - 624" refId="ref39377" refString="Iijima M, Kobayashi Y. 2014. Convergences and trends in the evolution of the archosaur pelvis. Paleobiology 40: 608 - 624." type="journal article" year="2014">Iijima & Kobayashi, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, the anterior margin of the preacetabular process is convex, bearing robust and prominent lateral margins (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[277,377,1885,1907]" captionStart="Figure22" captionStartId="36.[145,223,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[221,1348,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-24@36.[218,1351,194,1676]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure22. Photographsand linedrawingsofpelvicgirdleelementsofLigabuesaurus leanzai.A,leftilium MCF-PVPH-261/08 in lateral view. B–D, proximal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/10 in lateral (B), proximal (C) and medial (D) views. E, F, proximal half of the left pubis MCF-PVPH-261/09 in lateral (E) and proximal (F) views. G, reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view, assembling the proximal and distal halves MCF-PVPH-261/10 and MCF-PVPH-261/11. H–J, distal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/11 in anterior (H), lateral (I) and distal (J) views. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; am, anterior margin; ias, ischiatic articular surface; ip, ischiatic peduncle; lm, lateral margin; mm, medial margin; of, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; prap, preacetabular process. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381087/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in several Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="D'Emic, 2012" authorityName="D'Emic" authorityYear="2012" box="[882,1231,197,219]" family="Rebbachisauridae" genus="Astrophocaudia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[882,1067,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Astrophocaudia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic MD" box="[1076,1231,197,219]" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="624 - 671" refId="ref37712" refString="D'Emic MD. 2012. The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 166: 624 - 671." type="journal article" year="2012">D’Emic, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1990" box="[1246,1436,197,218]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Epachthosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1246,1436,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Epachthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[827,975,228,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,975,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[992,1211,228,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[992,1211,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Phuwiangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="You & Li" authorityYear="2009" box="[1227,1387,228,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Qiaowanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1227,1387,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Qiaowanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[827,1001,258,279]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1001,258,279]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[1016,1198,258,280]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1961;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="1085 - 1092" refId="ref40734" refString="Martin V, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V. 1994. A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua Formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of northeastern Thailand. Comptes Rendus de l' Academie des Sciences Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planets 319: 1085 - 1092." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis box="[1377,1429,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" box="[897,953,289,310]" firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="39 - 91" refId="ref40790" refString="Martin V, Suteethorn V, Buffetaut E. 1999. Description of the type and referred material of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae Martin, Buffetaut and Suteethorn, 1994, a sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand. Oryctos 2: 39 - 91." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez" box="[967,1211,289,311]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martinez" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="107 - 120" refId="ref40966" refString="Martinez RD, Gimenez O, Rodriguez J, Luna M, Lamanna MC. 2004. An articulated specimen of the basal titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) Epachthosaurus sciuttoi from the early Late Cretaceous Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut province, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24: 107 - 120." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Martínez
|
||
<emphasis box="[1083,1141,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[1226,1351,289,310]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor" firstAuthor="Taylor" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="787 - 806" refId="ref43380" refString="Taylor MP. 2009. A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch 1914). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 787 - 806." type="journal article" year="2009">Taylor, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="You & Li" box="[902,1090,319,341]" firstAuthor="You" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="4077 - 4082" refId="ref44691" refString="You HL, Li DQ. 2009. The first well-preserved Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaur in Asia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276: 4077 - 4082." type="journal article" year="2009">You & Li, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic MD" box="[1109,1272,319,341]" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="707 - 726" refId="ref37737" refString="D'Emic MD. 2013. Revision of the sauropod dinosaurs of the Lower Cretaceous Trinity Group, southern USA, with the description of a new genus. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 11: 707 - 726." type="journal article" year="2013">D’Emic, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Although it is poorly preserved, the iliac blade is transversely compressed and laterally inclined, as in most neosauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" box="[997,1255,411,433]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[827,1444,197,1660]" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">
|
||
The pubic peduncle is crescent shaped and with a slight medial inclination in anterior view, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wilson & Sereno" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[864,1050,503,524]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,1050,503,524]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1070,1226,504,525]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1070,1226,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1247,1435,504,525]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1247,1435,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[827,1033,534,555]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1033,534,555]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Phuwiangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1088,1264,535,556]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1088,1264,535,556]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Tastavinsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hatcher" box="[1279,1437,534,556]" firstAuthor="Hatcher" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref39144" refString="Hatcher JB. 1903. Osteology of Haplocanthosaurus with description of a new species and some remarks on the probable habits of the Sauropoda and the age and origin of the Atlantosaurus beds. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 2: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1903">Hatcher, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[827,1006,565,587]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1961;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn & Mook" box="[1091,1346,565,587]" firstAuthor="Osborn" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="247 - 387" refId="ref41423" refString="Osborn HF, Mook CC. 1921. Camarasaurus, Amphicoelias and other sauropods of Cope. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 3: 247 - 387." type="journal article" year="1921">Osborn & Mook, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="1085 - 1092" refId="ref40734" refString="Martin V, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V. 1994. A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua Formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of northeastern Thailand. Comptes Rendus de l' Academie des Sciences Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planets 319: 1085 - 1092." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,878,595,617]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" box="[971,1027,596,617]" firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="39 - 91" refId="ref40790" refString="Martin V, Suteethorn V, Buffetaut E. 1999. Description of the type and referred material of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae Martin, Buffetaut and Suteethorn, 1994, a sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand. Oryctos 2: 39 - 91." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Canudo" box="[1042,1270,595,617]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="712 - 731" refId="ref36724" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. 2008. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 712 - 731." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis box="[1141,1199,595,617]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor" box="[1284,1427,595,617]" firstAuthor="Taylor" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="787 - 806" refId="ref43380" refString="Taylor MP. 2009. A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch 1914). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 787 - 806." type="journal article" year="2009">Taylor, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The lateral margin is more robust and ventrally prominent than the medial one. Proximally, the pubic peduncle is oval in cross-section, being wider than long, whereas the distal half is more robust and posterolaterally expanded. The anterior surface of the pubic peduncle is straight in lateral view and transversely convex, whereas the posterior one is concave both dorsoventrally and transversely.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[827,1444,197,1660]" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">
|
||
The acetabulum is wide, with the anterodorsal apex closer to the pubic peduncle, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Osborn & Mook, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Osborn & Mook" baseAuthorityYear="1921" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1262,1443,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Osborn & Mook" box="[836,1104,933,955]" firstAuthor="Osborn" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="247 - 387" refId="ref41423" refString="Osborn HF, Mook CC. 1921. Camarasaurus, Amphicoelias and other sauropods of Cope. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History 3: 247 - 387." type="journal article" year="1921">Osborn & Mook, 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Upchurch & Martin, 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Upchurch & Martin" baseAuthorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Cetiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1130,1274,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Cetiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch & Martin" firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="208 - 231" refId="ref43731" refString="Upchurch P, Martin J. 2003. The anatomy and taxonomy of Cetiosaurus (Saurischia, Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 208 - 231." type="journal article" year="2003">Upchurch & Martin, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and several
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Salgado et al., 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Salgado" baseAuthorityYear="1997" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">
|
||
Brachiosauridae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="3 - 32" refId="ref42707" refString="Salgado L, Coria RA, Calvo JO. 1997. Evolution of titanosaurid sauropods: phylogenetic analysis based on the postcranial evidence. Ameghiniana 34: 3 - 32." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Salgado
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,889,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Posteriorly, the ischiatic peduncle is oval, wider than long and posteroventrally directed in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[827,1444,197,1660]" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">
|
||
Posteriorly, the postacetabular process is almost complete and lobe shaped in lateral view, with convex dorsal and posterior surfaces (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1295,1398,1147,1169]" captionStart="Figure22" captionStartId="36.[145,223,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[221,1348,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-24@36.[218,1351,194,1676]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure22. Photographsand linedrawingsofpelvicgirdleelementsofLigabuesaurus leanzai.A,leftilium MCF-PVPH-261/08 in lateral view. B–D, proximal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/10 in lateral (B), proximal (C) and medial (D) views. E, F, proximal half of the left pubis MCF-PVPH-261/09 in lateral (E) and proximal (F) views. G, reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view, assembling the proximal and distal halves MCF-PVPH-261/10 and MCF-PVPH-261/11. H–J, distal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/11 in anterior (H), lateral (I) and distal (J) views. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; am, anterior margin; ias, ischiatic articular surface; ip, ischiatic peduncle; lm, lateral margin; mm, medial margin; of, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; prap, preacetabular process. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381087/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Fig. 22A</figureCitation>
|
||
) as in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wilson & Sereno" baseAuthorityYear="1998" box="[862,1042,1178,1199]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Brachiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[862,1042,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Brachiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1061,1212,1178,1199]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1061,1212,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="You & Li" authorityYear="2009" box="[1280,1443,1178,1199]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Qiaowanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1280,1443,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Qiaowanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[835,1016,1209,1231]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[1031,1087,1209,1231]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="27 - 93" refId="ref39532" refString="Janensch WJ. 1950. The vertebral column of Brachiosaurus brancai. Palaeontographica 3: 27 - 93." type="journal article" year="1950">1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1961;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor" box="[1173,1317,1209,1231]" firstAuthor="Taylor" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="787 - 806" refId="ref43380" refString="Taylor MP. 2009. A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch 1914). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 787 - 806." type="journal article" year="2009">Taylor, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="You & Li" firstAuthor="You" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="4077 - 4082" refId="ref44691" refString="You HL, Li DQ. 2009. The first well-preserved Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaur in Asia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276: 4077 - 4082." type="journal article" year="2009">You & Li, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The lateral surface is dorsoventrally concave and dorsolaterally inclined in posterior view. The posteroventral margin of the ilium is separated from the ischiatic peduncle by a low and anteriorly directed narrowconcavity, asseenin
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1133,1269,1362,1383]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1133,1269,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1278,1436,1362,1383]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1278,1436,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Huabeisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="You & Li" authorityYear="2009" box="[827,985,1393,1414]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Qiaowanlong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,985,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Qiaowanlong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1048,1233,1393,1414]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1048,1233,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Tastavinsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[1252,1436,1393,1415]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1961;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Canudo" box="[893,1107,1423,1445]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="712 - 731" refId="ref36724" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. 2008. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 712 - 731." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis box="[986,1041,1423,1445]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="You & Li" box="[1118,1282,1423,1445]" firstAuthor="You" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="4077 - 4082" refId="ref44691" refString="You HL, Li DQ. 2009. The first well-preserved Early Cretaceous brachiosaurid dinosaur in Asia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276: 4077 - 4082." type="journal article" year="2009">You & Li, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="69375" refId="ref37858" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Benson RB, Pang Q, Zhengwu C. 2013. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[1382,1437,1423,1445]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Analysing its several fractures, the internal structure of MCF-PVPH-261/08 seems to be compact, or at least without evident pneumatic chambers. This condition is considered to be a plesiomorphic feature within Sauropoda, with highly pneumatized ilia only found in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[924,1043,1607,1628]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[924,1043,1607,1628]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and several Titanosauria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref40502" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN, Mateus O. 2013. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,882,1638,1660]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poropat" box="[961,1191,1638,1660]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368" pagination="995 - 1033" refId="ref42067" refString="Poropat SF, Upchurch P, Mannion PD, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Sloan T, George HK, Sinapius GHK, Elliot DA. 2015 b. Revision of the sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae Hocknull et al. 2009 from the mid-Cretaceous of Australia: implications for Gondwanan titanosauriform dispersal. Gondwana Research 27: 995 - 1033." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis box="[1056,1111,1638,1660]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="35.[827,1443,1701,1907]" lastBlockId="37.[163,780,197,1905]" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="1370" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1043,1701,1722]" italics="true" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">
|
||
Pubes (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[908,1029,1701,1722]" captionStart="Figure22" captionStartId="36.[145,223,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[221,1348,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-24@36.[218,1351,194,1676]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure22. Photographsand linedrawingsofpelvicgirdleelementsofLigabuesaurus leanzai.A,leftilium MCF-PVPH-261/08 in lateral view. B–D, proximal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/10 in lateral (B), proximal (C) and medial (D) views. E, F, proximal half of the left pubis MCF-PVPH-261/09 in lateral (E) and proximal (F) views. G, reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view, assembling the proximal and distal halves MCF-PVPH-261/10 and MCF-PVPH-261/11. H–J, distal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/11 in anterior (H), lateral (I) and distal (J) views. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; am, anterior margin; ias, ischiatic articular surface; ip, ischiatic peduncle; lm, lateral margin; mm, medial margin; of, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; prap, preacetabular process. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381087/files/figure.png" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">Fig. 22B–J</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We describe three new specimens, represented by an incomplete left pubis (MCF-PVPH-261/09) and the proximal (MCF-PVPH-261/10) and distal (MCF-PVPH-261/09–MCF-PVPH-261/11) halves of the right one. These specimens came from the same quarry as the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1115,1216,1854,1876]" pageId="35" pageNumber="1368">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen. The left pubis preserves the proximal half and part of the pubic expansion, but is partly included in the field jacket on the lateral surface, whereas the right elements are well preserved, lacking only the mid-shaft of the bone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381087" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381087/files/figure.png" pageId="36" pageNumber="1369" startId="36.[145,223,1715,1737]" targetBox="[221,1348,197,1674]" targetPageId="36">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="36.[145,1425,1715,1913]" pageId="36" pageNumber="1369">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,259,1715,1737]" pageId="36" pageNumber="1369">Figure 22.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of pelvic girdle elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[859,1094,1715,1737]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="36" pageNumber="1369" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,1094,1715,1737]" italics="true" pageId="36" pageNumber="1369">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, left ilium MCF-PVPH-261/08 in lateral view. B–D, proximal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/10 in lateral (B), proximal (C) and medial (D) views. E, F, proximal half of the left pubis MCF-PVPH-261/09 in lateral (E) and proximal (F) views. G, reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view, assembling the proximal and distal halves MCF-PVPH-261/10 and MCF-PVPH-261/11. H–J, distal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/11 in anterior (H), lateral (I) and distal (J) views. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; am, anterior margin; ias, ischiatic articular surface; ip, ischiatic peduncle; lm, lateral margin; mm, medial margin; of, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; prap, preacetabular process. Scale bars: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[228,419,289,310]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[228,419,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the pubis is transversely compressed and proximodistally long, which gently slopes medially on its distal half (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[534,659,350,372]" captionStart="Figure22" captionStartId="36.[145,223,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[221,1348,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-24@36.[218,1351,194,1676]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure22. Photographsand linedrawingsofpelvicgirdleelementsofLigabuesaurus leanzai.A,leftilium MCF-PVPH-261/08 in lateral view. B–D, proximal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/10 in lateral (B), proximal (C) and medial (D) views. E, F, proximal half of the left pubis MCF-PVPH-261/09 in lateral (E) and proximal (F) views. G, reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view, assembling the proximal and distal halves MCF-PVPH-261/10 and MCF-PVPH-261/11. H–J, distal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/11 in anterior (H), lateral (I) and distal (J) views. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; am, anterior margin; ias, ischiatic articular surface; ip, ischiatic peduncle; lm, lateral margin; mm, medial margin; of, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; prap, preacetabular process. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381087/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Fig. 22G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). In dorsal view, the proximal surface is crescent, longer than wide, and with a convex medial surface and a slightly concave lateral one (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[398,522,442,464]" captionStart="Figure22" captionStartId="36.[145,223,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[221,1348,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-24@36.[218,1351,194,1676]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure22. Photographsand linedrawingsofpelvicgirdleelementsofLigabuesaurus leanzai.A,leftilium MCF-PVPH-261/08 in lateral view. B–D, proximal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/10 in lateral (B), proximal (C) and medial (D) views. E, F, proximal half of the left pubis MCF-PVPH-261/09 in lateral (E) and proximal (F) views. G, reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view, assembling the proximal and distal halves MCF-PVPH-261/10 and MCF-PVPH-261/11. H–J, distal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/11 in anterior (H), lateral (I) and distal (J) views. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; am, anterior margin; ias, ischiatic articular surface; ip, ischiatic peduncle; lm, lateral margin; mm, medial margin; of, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; prap, preacetabular process. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381087/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Fig. 22C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The iliac peduncle is long and transversely compressed, but medially wider, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Canudo et al., 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Canudo" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[230,673,504,526]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[230,413,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Tastavinsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Canudo" box="[431,662,504,526]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="712 - 731" refId="ref36724" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. 2008. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 712 - 731." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis box="[531,591,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and not transversely compressed as in some titanosaurians (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mannion & Calvo" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[172,316,565,586]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Andesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[172,316,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Andesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[333,503,565,586]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[333,503,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Huabeisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Xu et al., 2006" authorityName="Xu" authorityYear="2006" class="Reptilia" genus="Sonidosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[568,734,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Sonidosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Xu" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="20 - 26" refId="ref44612" refString="Xu X, Zhang X, Tan Q, Zhao X, Tan L. 2006. A new titanosaurian sauropod from Late Cretaceous of Nei Mongol, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 80: 20 - 26." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,220,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Calvo & Bonaparte" box="[302,592,596,618]" firstAuthor="Calvo" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="303 - 310" refId="ref36494" refString="Calvo JO, Bonaparte JF. 1991. Andesaurus delgadoi gen. et. sp. nov. (Saurischia - Sauropoda), dinosaurio Titanosauridae de la Formacion Rio Limay (Albiano - Cenomaniano), Neuquen, Argentina. Ameghiniana 28: 303 - 310." type="journal article" year="1991">Calvo & Bonaparte, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pang & Cheng" firstAuthor="Pang" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="117 - 125" refId="ref41628" refString="Pang Q, Cheng Z. 2000. A new family of sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Tianzhen, Shanxi Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 74: 117 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Pang & Cheng, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Xu" box="[230,393,626,648]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Xu" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="20 - 26" refId="ref44612" refString="Xu X, Zhang X, Tan Q, Zhao X, Tan L. 2006. A new titanosaurian sauropod from Late Cretaceous of Nei Mongol, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 80: 20 - 26." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Xu
|
||
<emphasis box="[270,325,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The articular surface of the iliac peduncle is rough and convex in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure22" captionStartId="36.[145,223,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[221,1348,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-24@36.[218,1351,194,1676]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure22. Photographsand linedrawingsofpelvicgirdleelementsofLigabuesaurus leanzai.A,leftilium MCF-PVPH-261/08 in lateral view. B–D, proximal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/10 in lateral (B), proximal (C) and medial (D) views. E, F, proximal half of the left pubis MCF-PVPH-261/09 in lateral (E) and proximal (F) views. G, reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view, assembling the proximal and distal halves MCF-PVPH-261/10 and MCF-PVPH-261/11. H–J, distal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/11 in anterior (H), lateral (I) and distal (J) views. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; am, anterior margin; ias, ischiatic articular surface; ip, ischiatic peduncle; lm, lateral margin; mm, medial margin; of, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; prap, preacetabular process. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381087/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Fig. 22D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), especially anteriorly, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[567,773,688,709]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Phuwiangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[567,773,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Phuwiangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,330,718,739]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,330,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Allain et al., 1999" authorityName="Allain" authorityYear="1999" box="[387,779,718,740]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Tangvayosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[387,573,719,740]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Tangvayosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Allain" box="[579,779,718,740]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Allain" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" refId="ref35344" refString="Allain R, Taquet P, Battail B, Dejax J, Richir P, Veran M, Limon-Duparcmeur F, Vacant R, Mateus O, Sayarath P, Khenthavong B, Phouyavong S. 1999. Un nouveau genre de dinosaure sauropode de la formation des" type="book" year="1999">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis box="[655,711,718,740]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" box="[171,372,749,771]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="1085 - 1092" refId="ref40734" refString="Martin V, Buffetaut E, Suteethorn V. 1994. A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua Formation (Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous) of northeastern Thailand. Comptes Rendus de l' Academie des Sciences Serie IIa: Sciences de la Terre et des Planets 319: 1085 - 1092." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Martin
|
||
<emphasis box="[255,301,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martin" box="[383,437,749,770]" firstAuthor="Martin" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="39 - 91" refId="ref40790" refString="Martin V, Suteethorn V, Buffetaut E. 1999. Description of the type and referred material of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae Martin, Buffetaut and Suteethorn, 1994, a sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand. Oryctos 2: 39 - 91." type="journal article" year="1999">1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Allain" box="[446,637,749,771]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Allain" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" refId="ref35344" refString="Allain R, Taquet P, Battail B, Dejax J, Richir P, Veran M, Limon-Duparcmeur F, Vacant R, Mateus O, Sayarath P, Khenthavong B, Phouyavong S. 1999. Un nouveau genre de dinosaure sauropode de la formation des" type="book" year="1999">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis box="[520,573,749,771]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[648,765,749,771]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">
|
||
The anterodorsal surface of the pubis is rough and anteriorly extended in lateral view and bears the insertions for the musce ambiens. In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[599,772,841,862]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[599,772,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the anterior margin does not form a prominent ambiens process, as seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Wild, 1991" authorityName="Wild" authorityYear="1991" box="[507,779,902,924]" class="Reptilia" genus="Janenschia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[507,642,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Janenschia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wild" box="[650,779,902,924]" firstAuthor="Wild" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="56 - 64" refId="ref44169" refString="Wild VR. 1991. Entdeckung und Erforschung der Saurier aus dem Stubensandstein von Stuttgart. Stuttgarter Bertrage zur Naturkunde, Serie C 30: 56 - 64." type="journal article" year="1991">Wild, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" box="[173,474,933,955]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="25 - 76" refId="ref36203" refString="Bonaparte JF, Heinrich W-D, Wild R. 2000. Review of Janenschia WILD, with the description of a new sauropodfrom the Tendaguru beds of Tanzania and a discussion on the systematic value of procoleous caudal vertebrae in the sauropoda. Palaeontographica Abteilung A A 256: 25 - 76." type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[322,391,933,955]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), some brachiosaurids (
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[171,312,964,985]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[171,312,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Mannion, Allain & Moine, 2017" authorityName="Mannion, Allain & Moine" authorityYear="2017" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Vouivria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[371,470,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Vouivria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion, Allain & Moine" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="3217" refId="ref40379" refString="Mannion PD, Allain R, Moine O. 2017. The earliest known titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur and the evolution of Brachiosauridae. PeerJ 5: e 3217." type="journal article" year="2017">Mannion, Allain & Moine, 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Janensch, 1961;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion" box="[411,637,994,1016]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="3217" refId="ref40379" refString="Mannion PD, Allain R, Moine O. 2017. The earliest known titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur and the evolution of Brachiosauridae. PeerJ 5: e 3217." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis box="[518,571,994,1016]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and several flagellicaudantans (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[397,545,1025,1046]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Apatosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[397,545,1025,1046]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Apatosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Janensch" authorityYear="1929" box="[559,727,1026,1047]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Dicraeosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[559,727,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Dicraeosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1878" box="[163,296,1056,1077]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Diplodocus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,296,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Diplodocus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Marsh" box="[311,461,1056,1078]" firstAuthor="Marsh" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="514 - 516" refId="ref40688" refString="Marsh OC. 1877. Notice of new dinosaurian reptiles from the Jurassic formations. American Journal of Science 3: 514 - 516." type="journal article" year="1877">Marsh, 1877</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hatcher" box="[477,645,1056,1078]" firstAuthor="Hatcher" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="1 - 63" refId="ref39108" refString="Hatcher JB. 1901. Diplodocus (Marsh): its osteology, taxonomy and probable habits, with a restoration of the skeleton. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 1: 1 - 63." type="journal article" year="1901">Hatcher, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="35 - 133" refId="ref39514" refString="Janensch W. 1929. Die Wirbelsaule der Gattung Dicraeosaurus. Palaeontographica 2: 35 - 133." type="journal article" year="1929">Janensch, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Posteriorly, a low step divides the iliac peduncle from the acetabular region, which is posteromedially inclined and slightly narrower than the anterior half of the proximal pubis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[422,518,1178,1200]" captionStart="Figure22" captionStartId="36.[145,223,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[221,1348,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-24@36.[218,1351,194,1676]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure22. Photographsand linedrawingsofpelvicgirdleelementsofLigabuesaurus leanzai.A,leftilium MCF-PVPH-261/08 in lateral view. B–D, proximal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/10 in lateral (B), proximal (C) and medial (D) views. E, F, proximal half of the left pubis MCF-PVPH-261/09 in lateral (E) and proximal (F) views. G, reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view, assembling the proximal and distal halves MCF-PVPH-261/10 and MCF-PVPH-261/11. H–J, distal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/11 in anterior (H), lateral (I) and distal (J) views. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; am, anterior margin; ias, ischiatic articular surface; ip, ischiatic peduncle; lm, lateral margin; mm, medial margin; of, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; prap, preacetabular process. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381087/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Fig. 22C</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Osborn & Mook" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[602,773,1179,1200]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[602,773,1179,1200]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,350,1210,1231]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Tangvayosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,350,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Tangvayosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[408,585,1210,1231]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[408,585,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Tastavinsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McIntosh" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="McIntosh" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref41108" refString="McIntosh JS, Miles CA, Cloward KC, Parker JR. 1996. A new nearly complete skeleton of Camarasaurus. Bulletin of Gunma Museum of Natural History 1: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
McIntosh
|
||
<emphasis box="[716,773,1209,1231]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Allain" box="[229,430,1240,1262]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Allain" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" refId="ref35344" refString="Allain R, Taquet P, Battail B, Dejax J, Richir P, Veran M, Limon-Duparcmeur F, Vacant R, Mateus O, Sayarath P, Khenthavong B, Phouyavong S. 1999. Un nouveau genre de dinosaure sauropode de la formation des" type="book" year="1999">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis box="[306,362,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Canudo" box="[442,661,1240,1262]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="712 - 731" refId="ref36724" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. 2008. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 712 - 731." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis box="[537,593,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[163,780,197,1905]" lastBlockId="37.[827,1444,197,1384]" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">
|
||
In the posterodorsal margin of the pubis there is an oval, dorsoventrally higher and posteroventrally oriented obturator foramen (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[529,706,1332,1354]" captionStart="Figure22" captionStartId="36.[145,223,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[221,1348,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-24@36.[218,1351,194,1676]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure22. Photographsand linedrawingsofpelvicgirdleelementsofLigabuesaurus leanzai.A,leftilium MCF-PVPH-261/08 in lateral view. B–D, proximal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/10 in lateral (B), proximal (C) and medial (D) views. E, F, proximal half of the left pubis MCF-PVPH-261/09 in lateral (E) and proximal (F) views. G, reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view, assembling the proximal and distal halves MCF-PVPH-261/10 and MCF-PVPH-261/11. H–J, distal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/11 in anterior (H), lateral (I) and distal (J) views. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; am, anterior margin; ias, ischiatic articular surface; ip, ischiatic peduncle; lm, lateral margin; mm, medial margin; of, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; prap, preacetabular process. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381087/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Fig. 22B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The shape of the obturator foramen of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[597,778,1362,1383]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[597,778,1362,1383]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Upchurch & Martin, 2003)" baseAuthorityName="Upchurch & Martin" baseAuthorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Cetiosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[378,518,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Cetiosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch & Martin" firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="208 - 231" refId="ref43731" refString="Upchurch P, Martin J. 2003. The anatomy and taxonomy of Cetiosaurus (Saurischia, Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 208 - 231." type="journal article" year="2003">Upchurch & Martin, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, several Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[610,773,1424,1445]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[610,773,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Huabeisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,360,1455,1476]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Tangvayosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,360,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Tangvayosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[424,611,1455,1476]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[424,611,1455,1476]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Tastavinsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Allain" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Allain" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" refId="ref35344" refString="Allain R, Taquet P, Battail B, Dejax J, Richir P, Veran M, Limon-Duparcmeur F, Vacant R, Mateus O, Sayarath P, Khenthavong B, Phouyavong S. 1999. Un nouveau genre de dinosaure sauropode de la formation des" type="book" year="1999">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis box="[711,772,1454,1476]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Canudo" box="[236,470,1485,1507]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="712 - 731" refId="ref36724" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. 2008. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 712 - 731." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis box="[337,397,1485,1507]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Royo-Torres" box="[486,772,1485,1507]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref42338" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. 2012. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis box="[639,699,1485,1507]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" box="[163,391,1516,1538]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="69375" refId="ref37858" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Benson RB, Pang Q, Zhengwu C. 2013. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[258,318,1516,1537]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and some basal titanosaurians (
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mannion & Calvo" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[172,315,1546,1567]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Andesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[172,315,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Andesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1990" box="[379,575,1546,1567]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Epachthosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[379,575,1546,1567]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Epachthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martinez" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="107 - 120" refId="ref40966" refString="Martinez RD, Gimenez O, Rodriguez J, Luna M, Lamanna MC. 2004. An articulated specimen of the basal titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) Epachthosaurus sciuttoi from the early Late Cretaceous Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut province, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24: 107 - 120." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Martínez
|
||
<emphasis box="[711,772,1546,1568]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion & Calvo" box="[245,562,1577,1599]" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="155 - 181" refId="ref40408" refString="Mannion PD, Calvo JO. 2011. Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Andesaurus delgadoi from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian - early Cenomanian) Rio Limay Formation, Neuquen province, Argentina: implications for titanosaur systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 155 - 181." type="journal article" year="2011">Mannion & Calvo, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The obturator foramen is completely enclosed in both specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[196,380,1638,1659]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[196,380,1638,1659]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MCF-PVPH-261/09 and MCF-PVPH-261/10), but the bone posterior to the foramen is thin and concave with respect to the rest of the bone, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[291,451,1730,1751]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[291,451,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Huabeisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[507,693,1731,1752]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Tangvayosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[507,693,1731,1752]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Tangvayosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Allain" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Allain" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" refId="ref35344" refString="Allain R, Taquet P, Battail B, Dejax J, Richir P, Veran M, Limon-Duparcmeur F, Vacant R, Mateus O, Sayarath P, Khenthavong B, Phouyavong S. 1999. Un nouveau genre de dinosaure sauropode de la formation des" type="book" year="1999">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,224,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" box="[315,546,1761,1783]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="69375" refId="ref37858" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Benson RB, Pang Q, Zhengwu C. 2013. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[411,473,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Considering that posterodorsally open obturator foramina are recorded in juvenile sauropod specimens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[532,773,1822,1844]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[650,706,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilhite" box="[163,318,1853,1875]" firstAuthor="Wilhite" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="268 - 301" refId="ref44220" refString="Wilhite DR. 2005. Variation in the appendicular skeleton of North American sauropod dinosaurs: taxonomic implications. In: Tidwell V, Carpenter K. eds. Thunderlizards. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 268 - 301." type="book chapter" year="2005">Wilhite, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the condition of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[530,703,1853,1874]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[530,703,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
pubes would suggest an incomplete ossification of foramina, hence an intermediate ontogenetic stage between the juvenile and the adult, for them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[827,1444,197,1384]" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">
|
||
In posterior view, the ischiatic peduncle is represented by a sigmoidal and transversely compressed surface that is medially inclined proximally and more robust distally, as in most Macronaria (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[827,1444,197,1384]" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">
|
||
Proximally, the pubic blade is teardrop shaped in cross-section. The distal surface is posteriorly convex in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1030,1136,473,495]" captionStart="Figure22" captionStartId="36.[145,223,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[221,1348,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-24@36.[218,1351,194,1676]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure22. Photographsand linedrawingsofpelvicgirdleelementsofLigabuesaurus leanzai.A,leftilium MCF-PVPH-261/08 in lateral view. B–D, proximal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/10 in lateral (B), proximal (C) and medial (D) views. E, F, proximal half of the left pubis MCF-PVPH-261/09 in lateral (E) and proximal (F) views. G, reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view, assembling the proximal and distal halves MCF-PVPH-261/10 and MCF-PVPH-261/11. H–J, distal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/11 in anterior (H), lateral (I) and distal (J) views. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; am, anterior margin; ias, ischiatic articular surface; ip, ischiatic peduncle; lm, lateral margin; mm, medial margin; of, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; prap, preacetabular process. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381087/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Fig. 22H</figureCitation>
|
||
) and elliptical ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[836,934,503,525]" captionStart="Figure22" captionStartId="36.[145,223,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[221,1348,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-24@36.[218,1351,194,1676]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure22. Photographsand linedrawingsofpelvicgirdleelementsofLigabuesaurus leanzai.A,leftilium MCF-PVPH-261/08 in lateral view. B–D, proximal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/10 in lateral (B), proximal (C) and medial (D) views. E, F, proximal half of the left pubis MCF-PVPH-261/09 in lateral (E) and proximal (F) views. G, reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view, assembling the proximal and distal halves MCF-PVPH-261/10 and MCF-PVPH-261/11. H–J, distal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/11 in anterior (H), lateral (I) and distal (J) views. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; am, anterior margin; ias, ischiatic articular surface; ip, ischiatic peduncle; lm, lateral margin; mm, medial margin; of, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; prap, preacetabular process. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381087/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Fig. 22J</figureCitation>
|
||
), being longer than wide, with an almost straight medial surface and a convex lateral side, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Haplocanthosaurus" authorityName="Haplocanthosaurus" box="[900,1386,565,586]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Futalognkosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[900,1125,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Futalognkosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[1143,1386,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Haplocanthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[827,1015,596,617]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1015,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Tastavinsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hatcher" box="[1034,1205,595,617]" firstAuthor="Hatcher" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref39144" refString="Hatcher JB. 1903. Osteology of Haplocanthosaurus with description of a new species and some remarks on the probable habits of the Sauropoda and the age and origin of the Atlantosaurus beds. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 2: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1903">Hatcher, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Calvo" box="[1221,1436,595,617]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Calvo" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="471 - 483" refId="ref36588" refString="Calvo JO, Porfiri JD, Novas FE. 2007. Discovery of a new ornithopod dinosaur from the Portezuelo Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Arquivos Museu Nacional 65: 471 - 483." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Calvo
|
||
<emphasis box="[1300,1362,595,617]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Canudo" box="[827,1053,626,648]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="712 - 731" refId="ref36724" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. 2008. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 712 - 731." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis box="[925,983,626,648]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The distal surface is rough and extends, in part, throughout the distal margin of the medial, anterior and posterior surfaces. In anterior view, the pubic blade is triangular (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1243,1322,718,740]" captionStart="Figure22" captionStartId="36.[145,223,1715,1737]" captionTargetBox="[221,1348,197,1674]" captionTargetId="figure-24@36.[218,1351,194,1676]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figure22. Photographsand linedrawingsofpelvicgirdleelementsofLigabuesaurus leanzai.A,leftilium MCF-PVPH-261/08 in lateral view. B–D, proximal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/10 in lateral (B), proximal (C) and medial (D) views. E, F, proximal half of the left pubis MCF-PVPH-261/09 in lateral (E) and proximal (F) views. G, reconstruction of right pubis in lateral view, assembling the proximal and distal halves MCF-PVPH-261/10 and MCF-PVPH-261/11. H–J, distal half of the right pubis MCF-PVPH-261/11 in anterior (H), lateral (I) and distal (J) views. Abbreviations: acet, acetabulum; am, anterior margin; ias, ischiatic articular surface; ip, ischiatic peduncle; lm, lateral margin; mm, medial margin; of, obturator foramen; poap, postacetabular process; pp, pubic peduncle; prap, preacetabular process. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381087" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381087/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Fig. 22</figureCitation>
|
||
), with the distal end medially expanded, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Mannion & Calvo" baseAuthorityYear="2011" box="[1252,1391,749,770]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Andesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1252,1391,749,770]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Andesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Wang et al., 2007" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="2007" box="[827,1203,779,801]" class="Reptilia" genus="Dongbeititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,983,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Dongbeititan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wang" box="[992,1203,779,801]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wang" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="911 - 916" refId="ref43767" refString="Wang X, You HL, Meng Q, Gao C, Cheng X, Liu J. 2007. Dongbeititan dongi, the first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 81: 911 - 916." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis box="[1068,1129,779,801]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion & Calvo" firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="155 - 181" refId="ref40408" refString="Mannion PD, Calvo JO. 2011. Anatomy of the basal titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) Andesaurus delgadoi from the mid-Cretaceous (Albian - early Cenomanian) Rio Limay Formation, Neuquen province, Argentina: implications for titanosaur systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163: 155 - 181." type="journal article" year="2011">Mannion & Calvo, 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[945,1123,810,831]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[945,1123,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lateral surface of the pubic shaft is shallow, lacking any evidence of the lateral ridge present in different titanosaurians, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Powell, 1987" authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1987" box="[864,1186,902,924]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Aeolosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,1014,902,923]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Aeolosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
Powell, 1987
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Wilson & Upchurch, 2003" authorityName="Wilson & Upchurch" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Isisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1202,1318,903,924]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Isisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Upchurch" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="125 - 160" refId="ref44501" refString="Wilson JA, Upchurch P. 2003. A revision of Titanosaurus Lydekker (Dinosauria - Sauropoda), the first dinosaur genus with a ' Gondwanan' distribution. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 1: 125 - 160." type="journal article" year="2003">Wilson & Upchurch, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1992" box="[1023,1203,933,954]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Neuquensaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1023,1203,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Neuquensaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Borsuk-Bialynicka" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[1217,1437,933,954]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Opisthocoelicaudia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1217,1437,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Opisthocoelicaudia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte & Powell" authorityYear="1980" box="[827,977,963,984]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,977,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Saltasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Poropat et al., 2016" authorityName="Poropat" authorityYear="2016" box="[995,1443,963,985]" genus="Savannasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[995,1187,964,985]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Savannasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poropat" box="[1198,1443,963,985]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="34467" refId="ref41901" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Kundrat M, Tischler TR, Sloan T, Sinapius GHK, Elliott JA, Elliott DA. 2016. New Australian sauropods shed light on Cretaceous dinosaur palaeobiogeography. Scientific Reports 6: 34467." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis box="[1304,1367,963,985]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salgado & Carvalho" authorityYear="2008" box="[878,1034,994,1015]" class="Reptilia" genus="Uberabatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[878,1034,994,1015]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Uberabatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borsuk-Bialynicka" box="[1050,1337,994,1016]" firstAuthor="Borsuk-Bialynicka" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="5 - 64" refId="ref36375" refString="Borsuk-Bialynicka M. 1977. A new camarasaurid sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii gen. n., sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologica Polonica 37: 5 - 64." type="journal article" year="1977">Borsuk-Białynicka, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado & Coria" firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="119 - 128" refId="ref42615" refString="Salgado L, Coria RA. 1993. El genero Aeolosaurus (Sauropoda, Titanosauridae) en la Formacion Allen (Campaniano- Maastrichtiano) de la Provincia de Rio Negro, Argentina. Ameghiniana 30: 119 - 128." type="journal article" year="1993">Salgado & Coria, 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jain & Bandyopadhyay" box="[1004,1346,1025,1047]" firstAuthor="Jain" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="114 - 136" refId="ref39403" refString="Jain SL, Bandyopadhyay S. 1997. New titanosaurid (Dinosauria: sauropoda) from the Late Cretaceous of central India. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 17: 114 - 136." type="journal article" year="1997">Jain & Bandyopadhyay, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Powell" firstAuthor="Powell" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="1 - 173" refId="ref42152" refString="Powell JE. 2003. Revision of South American titanosaurid dinosaurs: palaeobiological, palaeobiogeographical and phylogenetic aspects. Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery 111: 1 - 173." type="journal article" year="2003">Powell, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado & Carvalho" box="[895,1194,1055,1077]" firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="881 - 901" refId="ref42577" refString="Salgado L, Carvalho IS. 2008. Uberabatitan ribeiroi, a new titanosaur from the Marilia Formation (Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous), Minas Gerais, Brazil. Palaeontology 51: 881 - 901." type="journal article" year="2008">Salgado & Carvalho, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Otero" box="[1208,1340,1055,1076]" firstAuthor="Otero" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="399 - 426" refId="ref41478" refString="Otero A. 2010. The appendicular skeleton of Neuquensaurus, a Late Cretaceous saltasaurine sauropod from Patagonia, Argentina. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55: 399 - 426." type="journal article" year="2010">Otero, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poropat" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="34467" refId="ref41901" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Kundrat M, Tischler TR, Sloan T, Sinapius GHK, Elliott JA, Elliott DA. 2016. New Australian sauropods shed light on Cretaceous dinosaur palaeobiogeography. Scientific Reports 6: 34467." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,875,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poropat" box="[963,1018,1086,1107]" firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="1786836" refId="ref41952" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Tischler TR, Sloan T, Sinapius GH, Elliott DA. 2020. Osteology of the wide-hipped titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur Savannasaurus elliottorum from the Upper Cretaceous Winton Formation of Queensland, Australia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 40: e 1786836." type="journal article" year="2020">2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In lateral view, the anterior margin of distal surface is pointed and more anterodorsally prominent than the posterior one, a condition that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[827,1008,1178,1199]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1008,1178,1199]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with several neosauropods, such as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Marsh" authorityYear="1877" box="[925,1075,1209,1230]" class="Reptilia" family="Diplodocidae" genus="Apatosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[925,1075,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Apatosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Osborn & Mook" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[1090,1267,1209,1230]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1090,1267,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1282,1436,1209,1230]" class="Reptilia" genus="Dongbeititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1282,1436,1209,1230]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Dongbeititan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1990" box="[827,1036,1239,1260]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Epachthosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1036,1239,1260]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Epachthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Mo et al., 2006" authorityName="Mo" authorityYear="2006" box="[1058,1434,1239,1261]" class="Reptilia" genus="Fusuisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1058,1220,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Fusuisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mo" box="[1233,1434,1239,1261]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mo" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="486 - 489" refId="ref41199" refString="Mo J, Wei W, Zhitao H, Xin H, Xing X. 2006. A basal titanosauriform from the Early Cretaceous of Guangxi, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 80: 486 - 489." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Mo
|
||
<emphasis box="[1285,1353,1239,1261]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curry Rogers & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[827,992,1271,1292]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rapetosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,992,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Rapetosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1057,1245,1271,1292]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1057,1245,1271,1292]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Tastavinsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gilmore" box="[1264,1436,1270,1292]" firstAuthor="Gilmore" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="175 - 300" refId="ref38473" refString="Gilmore CW. 1936. Osteology of Apatosaurus with special reference to specimens in the Carnegie Museum. Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum 11: 175 - 300." type="journal article" year="1936">Gilmore, 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="McIntosh" box="[827,1069,1301,1323]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="McIntosh" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="1 - 87" refId="ref41108" refString="McIntosh JS, Miles CA, Cloward KC, Parker JR. 1996. A new nearly complete skeleton of Camarasaurus. Bulletin of Gunma Museum of Natural History 1: 1 - 87." type="journal article" year="1996">
|
||
McIntosh
|
||
<emphasis box="[943,1001,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1996
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez" box="[1083,1322,1301,1322]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martinez" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="107 - 120" refId="ref40966" refString="Martinez RD, Gimenez O, Rodriguez J, Luna M, Lamanna MC. 2004. An articulated specimen of the basal titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) Epachthosaurus sciuttoi from the early Late Cretaceous Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut province, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24: 107 - 120." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Martínez
|
||
<emphasis box="[1197,1254,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mo" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mo" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="486 - 489" refId="ref41199" refString="Mo J, Wei W, Zhitao H, Xin H, Xing X. 2006. A basal titanosauriform from the Early Cretaceous of Guangxi, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 80: 486 - 489." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Mo
|
||
<emphasis box="[1380,1437,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wang" box="[899,1107,1331,1353]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wang" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="911 - 916" refId="ref43767" refString="Wang X, You HL, Meng Q, Gao C, Cheng X, Liu J. 2007. Dongbeititan dongi, the first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 81: 911 - 916." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis box="[974,1034,1331,1353]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Canudo" box="[1123,1356,1331,1353]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="712 - 731" refId="ref36724" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. 2008. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 712 - 731." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis box="[1223,1284,1331,1353]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="1046 - 1086" refId="ref37596" refString="Curry Rogers K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1046 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2009">Curry Rogers, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Royo-Torres" box="[985,1252,1362,1384]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Royo-Torres" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="61 - 83" refId="ref42338" refString="Royo-Torres R, Alcala L, Cobos A. 2012. A new specimen of the Cretaceous sauropod Tastavinsaurus sanzi from El Castellar (Teruel, Spain), and a phylogenetic analysis of the Laurasiformes. Cretaceous Research 34: 61 - 83." type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Royo-Torres
|
||
<emphasis box="[1129,1185,1362,1384]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[827,1443,1425,1907]" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1019,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">
|
||
Femur (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[921,1003,1425,1446]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="38.[144,223,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,537,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-268@38.[206,1364,534,1721]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 23. Photographs and line drawings of the femora of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right femur MCF-PVPH-233/17 in anterior (A), posterior (B) and distal (C) views. D–G, left femur MCF-PVPH-261/12 in anterior (D), distal (E), posterior (F) and medial (G) views. Abbreviations: ec, epicondyle; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; ftr, femoral trochlea; gt, great trochanter; icf, intracondylar fossa; icg, intracondylar groove; lb, lateral bulge; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381089/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Fig. 23</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A new, almost complete and wellpreserved left femur (MCF-PVPH-261/12) is presented here. The specimen was found in articulation with the left ilium (MCF-PVPH-261/08) and associated with the proximal ends of the left tibia and fibula (MCF-PVPH-261/13 and MCF-PVPH-261/14) in the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[827,878,1609,1630]" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">type</typeStatus>
|
||
quarry no. 4. Considering that the incomplete right femur (
|
||
<emphasis box="[989,1230,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">MCF-PVPH-233/17</emphasis>
|
||
) was extensively described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" box="[977,1241,1670,1692]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[1106,1163,1670,1692]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, only the general morphology and most remarkable features of MCF-PVPH-261/12, especially about the proximal epiphysis, are described below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="37.[827,1443,1425,1907]" lastBlockId="39.[163,780,197,1905]" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="1372" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">
|
||
The femur of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1024,1208,1793,1814]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1024,1208,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is almost straight and slender (RI = 7.3), with the proximal third medially inclined, as in most Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Carrano" box="[885,1181,1885,1907]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="252 - 256" refId="ref44406" refString="Wilson JA, Carrano MT. 1999. Titanosaurs and the origin of wide-gauge trackways: a biomechanical and systematic perspective on sauropod locomotion. Paleobiology 25: 252 - 256." type="journal article" year="1999">Wilson & Carrano, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carrano" box="[1198,1372,1885,1907]" firstAuthor="Carrano" pageId="37" pageNumber="1370" pagination="229 - 251" refId="ref37240" refString="Carrano MT. 2005. The evolution of sauropod locomotion. Morphological diversity of secondarily quadrupedal radiation. In: Curry Rogers KA, Wilson JA, eds. The sauropods evolution and paleobiology. Berkeley: University of California Press, 229 - 251." type="book chapter" year="2005">Carrano, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and the distal end slightly expanded transversely in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[339,484,228,250]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="38.[144,223,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,537,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-268@38.[206,1364,534,1721]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 23. Photographs and line drawings of the femora of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right femur MCF-PVPH-233/17 in anterior (A), posterior (B) and distal (C) views. D–G, left femur MCF-PVPH-261/12 in anterior (D), distal (E), posterior (F) and medial (G) views. Abbreviations: ec, epicondyle; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; ftr, femoral trochlea; gt, great trochanter; icf, intracondylar fossa; icg, intracondylar groove; lb, lateral bulge; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381089/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">Fig. 23A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The proximolateral margin of the femur is convex, forming a prominent lateral bulge, as in other titanosauriforms (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" pagination="3 - 32" refId="ref42707" refString="Salgado L, Coria RA, Calvo JO. 1997. Evolution of titanosaurid sauropods: phylogenetic analysis based on the postcranial evidence. Ameghiniana 34: 3 - 32." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Salgado
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,210,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" box="[307,602,320,342]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The width of the femoral shaft at the level of the lateral bulge is 50% greater than the minimum width at mid-shaft, as in several Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martinelli & Forasiepi" authorityYear="2004" box="[214,346,443,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Bonatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[214,346,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">Bonatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[368,567,442,464]" class="Reptilia" genus="Chubutisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[368,567,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">Chubutisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[589,752,443,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[589,752,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[145,338,474,495]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Ruyangosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[145,338,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">Ruyangosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[356,540,473,494]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[356,540,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[557,760,474,495]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Tangvayosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[557,760,474,495]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">Tangvayosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[866,1035,197,218]" genus="Yunmenglong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[866,1035,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">Yunmenglong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[1053,1247,197,219]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Allain" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Allain" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" refId="ref35344" refString="Allain R, Taquet P, Battail B, Dejax J, Richir P, Veran M, Limon-Duparcmeur F, Vacant R, Mateus O, Sayarath P, Khenthavong B, Phouyavong S. 1999. Un nouveau genre de dinosaure sauropode de la formation des" type="book" year="1999">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis box="[1353,1417,197,219]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[880,1006,228,249]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[1020,1189,228,249]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref40154" refString="Lu JC, Xu L, Jia SH, Zhang XL, Zhang JM, Yang LL, You HL, Ji Q. 2009. A new gigantic sauropod dinosaur from the Cretaceous of Ruyang, Henan, China. Geological Bulletin of China 28: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Lü
|
||
<emphasis box="[1060,1110,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[1203,1260,228,249]" firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" pagination="202 - 213" refId="ref40205" refString="Lu J, Xu L, Pu H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Jia S, Wei X. 2013. A new sauropod dinosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Cretaceous of the Ruyang Basin (central China). Cretaceous Research 44: 202 - 213." type="journal article" year="2013">2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[1274,1331,228,249]" firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" pagination="1 - 123" refId="ref40109" refString="Lu J, Pu H, Xu L, Jia S, Zhang J, Shen C. 2014. Osteology of the giant sauropod dinosaur Ruyangosaurus giganteus Lu et al., 2009. Geological Publishing House. Beijing: 1 - 123." type="book chapter" year="2014">2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Taylor" firstAuthor="Taylor" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" pagination="787 - 806" refId="ref43380" refString="Taylor MP. 2009. A re-evaluation of Brachiosaurus altithorax Riggs 1903 (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) and its generic separation from Giraffatitan brancai (Janensch 1914). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 787 - 806." type="journal article" year="2009">Taylor, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[882,1154,258,280]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" pagination="93 - 110" refId="ref36951" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Cerda I, Salgado L. 2011. The osteology of Chubutisaurus insignis del Corro, 1975 (Dinosauria: Neosauropoda) from the ' middle' Cretaceous of central Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 93 - 110." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[1019,1080,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado" box="[1169,1409,258,280]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" pagination="525 - 548" refId="ref42738" refString="Salgado L, Gallina PA, Paulina Carabajal A. 2015. Redescription of Bonatitan reigi (Sauropoda: Titanosauria), from the Campanian - Maastrichtian of the Rio Negro Province (Argentina). Historical Biology 27: 525 - 548." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Salgado
|
||
<emphasis box="[1274,1335,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal to the lateral bulge, a rough and wide surface represents the greater trochanter, which in MCF-PVPH-261/12 is particularly extended posterodorsally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1015,1118,381,403]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="38.[144,223,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,537,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-268@38.[206,1364,534,1721]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 23. Photographs and line drawings of the femora of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right femur MCF-PVPH-233/17 in anterior (A), posterior (B) and distal (C) views. D–G, left femur MCF-PVPH-261/12 in anterior (D), distal (E), posterior (F) and medial (G) views. Abbreviations: ec, epicondyle; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; ftr, femoral trochlea; gt, great trochanter; icf, intracondylar fossa; icg, intracondylar groove; lb, lateral bulge; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381089/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">Fig. 23D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The greater trochanter is not divided distally for the lateral bulge by a trochanteric crest, unlike most titanosaurians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion" box="[818,1061,473,495]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref40502" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN, Mateus O. 2013. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis box="[932,990,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In anterior view, the femoral head is rounded and dorsomedially directed, rising well above the level of the greater trochanter, as in most Somphospondyli (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers" box="[441,671,259,280]" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="1046 - 1086" refId="ref37596" refString="Curry Rogers K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1046 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2009">Curry Rogers, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poropat" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="34467" refId="ref41901" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Kundrat M, Tischler TR, Sloan T, Sinapius GHK, Elliott JA, Elliott DA. 2016. New Australian sauropods shed light on Cretaceous dinosaur palaeobiogeography. Scientific Reports 6: 34467." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,224,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[316,591,289,311]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="20171219" refId="ref37000" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Otero A, Cerda IA, Salgado L, Garrido AC, Krause JM. 2017. A new giant titanosaur sheds light on body mass evolution among sauropod dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284: 20171219." type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[454,516,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Posteriorly, a wide and concave surface separates the femoral head from the greater trochanter, forming an angle of ~120° with the lateral margin of the femur (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="38.[144,223,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,537,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-268@38.[206,1364,534,1721]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 23. Photographs and line drawings of the femora of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right femur MCF-PVPH-233/17 in anterior (A), posterior (B) and distal (C) views. D–G, left femur MCF-PVPH-261/12 in anterior (D), distal (E), posterior (F) and medial (G) views. Abbreviations: ec, epicondyle; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; ftr, femoral trochlea; gt, great trochanter; icf, intracondylar fossa; icg, intracondylar groove; lb, lateral bulge; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381089/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Fig. 23F</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martinelli & Forasiepi" authorityYear="2004" box="[310,436,412,433]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Bonatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[310,436,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Bonatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[454,590,412,433]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Daxiatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[454,590,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Daxiatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[608,771,412,433]" class="Reptilia" genus="Dongbeititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[608,771,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Dongbeititan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,336,442,463]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,336,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Huabeisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Smith et al., 2001" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="2001" box="[353,723,442,464]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Paralititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[353,491,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Paralititan</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith" box="[501,723,442,464]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="1704 - 1706" refId="ref43157" refString="Smith JB, Lamanna MC, Lacovara KJ, Dodson P, Smith JR, Poole JC, Attia Y. 2001. A giant sauropod dinosaur from an Upper Cretaceous mangrove deposit in Egypt. Science 292: 1704 - 1706." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis box="[585,648,442,464]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,330,473,494]" genus="Yunmenglong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,330,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Yunmenglong</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Pang & Cheng" box="[350,606,473,495]" firstAuthor="Pang" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="117 - 125" refId="ref41628" refString="Pang Q, Cheng Z. 2000. A new family of sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Tianzhen, Shanxi Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 74: 117 - 125." type="journal article" year="2000">Pang & Cheng, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Smith" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="1704 - 1706" refId="ref43157" refString="Smith JB, Lamanna MC, Lacovara KJ, Dodson P, Smith JR, Poole JC, Attia Y. 2001. A giant sauropod dinosaur from an Upper Cretaceous mangrove deposit in Egypt. Science 292: 1704 - 1706." type="journal article" year="2001">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis box="[709,771,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2001
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinelli & Forasiepi" box="[241,608,504,526]" firstAuthor="Martinelli" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="257 - 305" refId="ref40835" refString="Martinelli AG, Forasiepi A. 2004. Late Cretaceous vertebrates from Bajo de Santa Rosa (Allen Formation), Rio Negro province, Argentina, with the description of a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauridae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Nueva Serie 6: 257 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Martinelli & Forasiepi, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wang" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wang" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="911 - 916" refId="ref43767" refString="Wang X, You HL, Meng Q, Gao C, Cheng X, Liu J. 2007. Dongbeititan dongi, the first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 81: 911 - 916." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis box="[707,771,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="You" box="[234,417,534,556]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="You" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref44768" refString="You HL, Li DQ, Zhou LQ, Ji Q. 2008. Daxiatitan binglingi: a giant sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China. Gansu Geology 17: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
You
|
||
<emphasis box="[286,346,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[433,605,534,556]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="202 - 213" refId="ref40205" refString="Lu J, Xu L, Pu H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Jia S, Wei X. 2013. A new sauropod dinosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Cretaceous of the Ruyang Basin (central China). Cretaceous Research 44: 202 - 213." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lü
|
||
<emphasis box="[473,533,534,556]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381089" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381089/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" startId="38.[144,223,1760,1782]" targetBox="[209,1361,537,1718]" targetPageId="38">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="38.[144,1425,1760,1900]" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[144,262,1760,1782]" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">Figure 23.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the femora of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[781,1019,1761,1783]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[781,1019,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–C, right femur
|
||
<emphasis box="[1215,1425,1761,1783]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="1371">MCF-PVPH-233/17</emphasis>
|
||
in anterior (A), posterior (B) and distal (C) views. D–G, left femur MCF-PVPH-261/12 in anterior (D), distal (E), posterior (F) and medial (G) views. Abbreviations: ec, epicondyle; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; ftr, femoral trochlea; gt, great trochanter; icf, intracondylar fossa; icg, intracondylar groove; lb, lateral bulge; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="39.[163,780,197,1905]" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">
|
||
The femoral shaft is elliptical in cross-section, being strongly compressed anteroposteriorly and extended transversely. The minimum width is at the distal third of the bone, as in most sauropods. On the anterior surface of the shaft, a longitudinal and low crest runs ventrally from the greater trochanter to the distal third throughout the medial margin of the bone (lic;
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="38.[144,223,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,537,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-268@38.[206,1364,534,1721]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 23. Photographs and line drawings of the femora of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right femur MCF-PVPH-233/17 in anterior (A), posterior (B) and distal (C) views. D–G, left femur MCF-PVPH-261/12 in anterior (D), distal (E), posterior (F) and medial (G) views. Abbreviations: ec, epicondyle; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; ftr, femoral trochlea; gt, great trochanter; icf, intracondylar fossa; icg, intracondylar groove; lb, lateral bulge; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381089/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Fig. 23D</figureCitation>
|
||
), identified as the linea intermuscularis cranialis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Otero & Vizcaino" box="[171,439,810,832]" firstAuthor="Otero" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="333 - 348" refId="ref41600" refString="Otero A, Vizcaino S. 2008. Hindlimb musculature and function of Neuquensaurus australis (Sauropoda: Titanosauria). Ameghiniana 45: 333 - 348." type="journal article" year="2008">Otero & Vizcaino, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), as as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Dong, 1990)" baseAuthorityName="Dong" baseAuthorityYear="1990" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Bellusaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[557,697,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Bellusaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dong" firstAuthor="Dong" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="43 - 58" refId="ref38165" refString="Dong Z. 1990. Sauropoda from the Kelameili region of the Junggar Basin, Xinjiang autonomous region. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 28: 43 - 58." type="journal article" year="1990">Dong, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and several titanosaurians (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Bonaparte & Powell" authorityYear="1980" box="[627,772,841,862]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[627,772,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Saltasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martinelli & Forasiepi" authorityYear="2004" box="[163,281,872,893]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Bonatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,281,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Bonatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1992" box="[295,479,872,893]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Neuquensaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[295,479,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Neuquensaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Salgado & Azpilicueta, 2000" authorityName="Salgado & Azpilicueta" authorityYear="2000" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rocasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[540,677,872,893]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Rocasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado & Azpilicueta" firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="259 - 264" refId="ref42536" refString="Salgado L, Azpilicueta C. 2000. Un nuevo saltasaurino (Sauropoda, Titanosauridae) de la provincia de Rio Negro (Formacion Allen, Cretacico Superior), Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana 37: 259 - 264." type="journal article" year="2000">Salgado & Azpilicueta, 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Lyddeker, 1893;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte & Powell" firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="19 - 28" refId="ref36256" refString="Bonaparte JF, Powell JE. 1980. A continental assemblage of tetrapods from the Upper Cretaceous beds of El Brete, northwestern Argentina (Sauropoda - Coelurosauria - Carnosauria - Aves). Memoire de la Societe Geologique de France 139: 19 - 28." type="journal article" year="1980">Bonaparte & Powell, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinelli & Forasiepi" box="[317,638,933,955]" firstAuthor="Martinelli" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="257 - 305" refId="ref40835" refString="Martinelli AG, Forasiepi A. 2004. Late Cretaceous vertebrates from Bajo de Santa Rosa (Allen Formation), Rio Negro province, Argentina, with the description of a new sauropod dinosaur (Titanosauridae). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Nueva Serie 6: 257 - 305." type="journal article" year="2004">Martinelli & Forasiepi, 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The fourth trochanter is on the posteromedial margin of the bone, slightly above the mid-shaft (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[519,681,994,1016]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="38.[144,223,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,537,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-268@38.[206,1364,534,1721]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 23. Photographs and line drawings of the femora of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right femur MCF-PVPH-233/17 in anterior (A), posterior (B) and distal (C) views. D–G, left femur MCF-PVPH-261/12 in anterior (D), distal (E), posterior (F) and medial (G) views. Abbreviations: ec, epicondyle; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; ftr, femoral trochlea; gt, great trochanter; icf, intracondylar fossa; icg, intracondylar groove; lb, lateral bulge; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381089/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Fig. 23C, F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
), and is represented by a low and proximodistally extended surface, which is delimited posteriorly by prominent and short crests.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="39.[163,780,197,1905]" lastBlockId="39.[827,1443,197,464]" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">
|
||
The distal end slightly exceeds the width of the shaft in anterior view, with the lateral surface being more prominent than the medial one, whereas the ventral rim is rather sinusoidal (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[571,708,1209,1231]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="38.[144,223,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,537,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-268@38.[206,1364,534,1721]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 23. Photographs and line drawings of the femora of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right femur MCF-PVPH-233/17 in anterior (A), posterior (B) and distal (C) views. D–G, left femur MCF-PVPH-261/12 in anterior (D), distal (E), posterior (F) and medial (G) views. Abbreviations: ec, epicondyle; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; ftr, femoral trochlea; gt, great trochanter; icf, intracondylar fossa; icg, intracondylar groove; lb, lateral bulge; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381089/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Fig. 23A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lateral bevelling condition of the distal femur of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,341,1270,1291]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,341,1270,1291]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is shared by several sauropods and differs from the medial bevelling seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Wang et al., 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Wang" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" genus="Dongbeititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[631,779,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Dongbeititan</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wang" box="[172,384,1332,1353]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wang" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="911 - 916" refId="ref43767" refString="Wang X, You HL, Meng Q, Gao C, Cheng X, Liu J. 2007. Dongbeititan dongi, the first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 81: 911 - 916." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis box="[249,310,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Lu et al., 2013)" baseAuthorityName="Lu" baseAuthorityYear="2013" box="[410,778,1332,1353]" genus="Yunmenglong" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[410,573,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Yunmenglong</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lu" box="[592,769,1332,1353]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Lu" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="202 - 213" refId="ref40205" refString="Lu J, Xu L, Pu H, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Jia S, Wei X. 2013. A new sauropod dinosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the late Early Cretaceous of the Ruyang Basin (central China). Cretaceous Research 44: 202 - 213." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Lü
|
||
<emphasis box="[634,696,1332,1353]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and different derived titanosaurians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref40502" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN, Mateus O. 2013. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,222,1393,1415]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poropat" box="[309,554,1393,1415]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="995 - 1033" refId="ref42067" refString="Poropat SF, Upchurch P, Mannion PD, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Sloan T, George HK, Sinapius GHK, Elliot DA. 2015 b. Revision of the sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae Hocknull et al. 2009 from the mid-Cretaceous of Australia: implications for Gondwanan titanosauriform dispersal. Gondwana Research 27: 995 - 1033." type="journal article" year="2015" yearSuffix="b">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis box="[409,469,1393,1415]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The condyles are rounded and distally divergent in anterior view, with the tibial condyle more distally prominent than the fibular one. Anteriorly, a wide and concave anterior intercondylar groove (femoral trochlea) separates the tibial and fibular condyles (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[476,663,1546,1568]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="38.[144,223,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,537,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-268@38.[206,1364,534,1721]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 23. Photographs and line drawings of the femora of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right femur MCF-PVPH-233/17 in anterior (A), posterior (B) and distal (C) views. D–G, left femur MCF-PVPH-261/12 in anterior (D), distal (E), posterior (F) and medial (G) views. Abbreviations: ec, epicondyle; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; ftr, femoral trochlea; gt, great trochanter; icf, intracondylar fossa; icg, intracondylar groove; lb, lateral bulge; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381089/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Fig. 23A, B, D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas a narrower but deeper posterior intercondylar fossa opens between the condyles on the posterior surface (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[171,355,1638,1660]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="38.[144,223,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,537,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-268@38.[206,1364,534,1721]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 23. Photographs and line drawings of the femora of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right femur MCF-PVPH-233/17 in anterior (A), posterior (B) and distal (C) views. D–G, left femur MCF-PVPH-261/12 in anterior (D), distal (E), posterior (F) and medial (G) views. Abbreviations: ec, epicondyle; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; ftr, femoral trochlea; gt, great trochanter; icf, intracondylar fossa; icg, intracondylar groove; lb, lateral bulge; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381089/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Fig. 23B, C, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In posterior view, the tibial condyle is rectangular, proximodistally longer than wide and with a slight lateral inclination (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[562,696,1700,1722]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="38.[144,223,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,537,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-268@38.[206,1364,534,1721]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 23. Photographs and line drawings of the femora of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right femur MCF-PVPH-233/17 in anterior (A), posterior (B) and distal (C) views. D–G, left femur MCF-PVPH-261/12 in anterior (D), distal (E), posterior (F) and medial (G) views. Abbreviations: ec, epicondyle; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; ftr, femoral trochlea; gt, great trochanter; icf, intracondylar fossa; icg, intracondylar groove; lb, lateral bulge; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381089/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Fig. 23C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,295,1731,1752]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Daxiatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,295,1731,1752]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Daxiatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Alifanov & Averianov, 2003" authorityName="Alifanov & Averianov" authorityYear="2003" class="Reptilia" genus="Ferganasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[313,497,1731,1752]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Ferganasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alifanov & Averianov" firstAuthor="Alifanov" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="358 - 372" refId="ref35295" refString="Alifanov VR, Averianov AO. 2003. Ferganasaurus verzilini, gen. et sp. nov., a new neosauropod (Dinosauria, Saurischia, Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Fergana Valley, Kirghizia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 358 - 372." type="journal article" year="2003">Alifanov & Averianov, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[235,411,1761,1782]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[235,411,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[475,660,1761,1782]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[475,660,1761,1782]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Tastavinsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Alifanov & Averianov" firstAuthor="Alifanov" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="358 - 372" refId="ref35295" refString="Alifanov VR, Averianov AO. 2003. Ferganasaurus verzilini, gen. et sp. nov., a new neosauropod (Dinosauria, Saurischia, Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Fergana Valley, Kirghizia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 358 - 372." type="journal article" year="2003">Alifanov & Averianov, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[396,524,1792,1813]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Canudo" box="[540,772,1791,1813]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="712 - 731" refId="ref36724" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. 2008. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 712 - 731." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis box="[640,700,1791,1813]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="You" box="[163,362,1822,1844]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="You" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="1 - 10" refId="ref44768" refString="You HL, Li DQ, Zhou LQ, Ji Q. 2008. Daxiatitan binglingi: a giant sauropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of China. Gansu Geology 17: 1 - 10." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
You
|
||
<emphasis box="[219,284,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In turn, the fibular condyle is rounded and transversely wider than long, with a narrow intracondylar groove dividing a short lateral subcondyle (epicondyle) from a triangular and wider posterior subcondyle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1103,1309,227,249]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="38.[144,223,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,537,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-268@38.[206,1364,534,1721]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 23. Photographs and line drawings of the femora of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right femur MCF-PVPH-233/17 in anterior (A), posterior (B) and distal (C) views. D–G, left femur MCF-PVPH-261/12 in anterior (D), distal (E), posterior (F) and medial (G) views. Abbreviations: ec, epicondyle; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; ftr, femoral trochlea; gt, great trochanter; icf, intracondylar fossa; icg, intracondylar groove; lb, lateral bulge; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381089/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Fig. 23B, C, E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). In distal view, both condyles are oval, but the fibular condyle is slightly wider and more posteromedially inclined than tibial condyle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1063,1192,319,341]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="38.[144,223,1760,1782]" captionTargetBox="[209,1361,537,1718]" captionTargetId="figure-268@38.[206,1364,534,1721]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 23. Photographs and line drawings of the femora of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right femur MCF-PVPH-233/17 in anterior (A), posterior (B) and distal (C) views. D–G, left femur MCF-PVPH-261/12 in anterior (D), distal (E), posterior (F) and medial (G) views. Abbreviations: ec, epicondyle; fc, fibular condyle; fh, femoral head; ft, fourth trochanter; ftr, femoral trochlea; gt, great trochanter; icf, intracondylar fossa; icg, intracondylar groove; lb, lateral bulge; lic, linea intermuscularis cranialis; tc, tibial condyle. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381089/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Fig. 23B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The distal articular surface is rough, excluding the femoral trochlea and the intercondylar fossa, which is rather smooth and slightly extends dorsally, especially on the posterodistal margin of the bone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="39.[827,1444,505,1907]" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1042,505,526]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">
|
||
Tibia (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[906,1026,505,526]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Fig. 24A–I</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We describe a new proximal end of a left tibia (MCF-PVPH-261/13) that was found in articulation with the left fibula in
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1235,1285,567,588]" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">type</typeStatus>
|
||
quarry no. 4. Considering that the almost complete right tibia
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">MCF-PVPH-233/18</emphasis>
|
||
was briefly mentioned and figured in posterior view by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" box="[1024,1279,658,680]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[1149,1204,658,680]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, only the most remarkable features of the tibia of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1228,1398,689,710]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1228,1398,689,710]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are described below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="39.[827,1444,505,1907]" lastBlockId="41.[163,780,197,1200]" lastPageId="41" lastPageNumber="1374" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">
|
||
The proximal end of the tibia is subcircular and exhibits slight transverse compression in proximal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[902,1038,811,833]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Fig. 24D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in most non-rebbachisaurid neosauropods, with convex anterior and medial rims and almost flat posterior and lateral rims. The articular surface is flat in lateral view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1152,1274,903,925]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Fig. 24B, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) and is slightly concave on its posterodorsal margin where it articulates with the tibial condyle of femur. On the anterodorsal edge, there is a robust and laterally prominent cnemial crest that delimits anteriorly a wide and deep cnemial fossa (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[904,1136,1057,1079]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Fig. 24A, B, D, F, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in most eusauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" box="[835,1094,1087,1109]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but not as wide as in several Titanosauria (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Garcia et al., 2010" authorityName="Garcia" authorityYear="2010" box="[1033,1437,1118,1140]" class="Reptilia" genus="Atsinganosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1033,1225,1118,1139]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Atsinganosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Garcia" box="[1231,1437,1118,1140]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Garcia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="335 - 346" refId="ref38416" refString="Garcia RA, Cerda IA. 2010. Dentition and histology in titanosaurian dinosaur embryos from Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. Palaeontology 53: 335 - 346." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Garcia
|
||
<emphasis box="[1314,1370,1118,1140]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1929" box="[827,1002,1149,1170]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Laplatasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1002,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Laplatasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1017,1187,1149,1170]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Lirainosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1017,1187,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Lirainosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1992" box="[1203,1389,1149,1170]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Neuquensaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1203,1389,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Neuquensaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curry Rogers & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[827,986,1180,1201]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rapetosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,986,1180,1201]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Rapetosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers" box="[1000,1227,1179,1201]" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="1046 - 1086" refId="ref37596" refString="Curry Rogers K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1046 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2009">Curry Rogers, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Otero" box="[1241,1376,1179,1200]" firstAuthor="Otero" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="399 - 426" refId="ref41478" refString="Otero A. 2010. The appendicular skeleton of Neuquensaurus, a Late Cretaceous saltasaurine sauropod from Patagonia, Argentina. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 55: 399 - 426." type="journal article" year="2010">Otero, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Diez Diaz" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Diez Diaz" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref38086" refString="Diez Diaz V, Pereda-Suberbiola X, Sanz JL. 2013 a. Appendicular skeleton and dermal armour of the Late Cretaceous titanosaur Lirainosaurus astibiae (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from Spain. Palaeontologia Electronica 16: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Díez Díaz
|
||
<emphasis box="[889,940,1210,1232]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2013
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Diez Diaz" box="[1019,1102,1210,1231]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Diez Diaz" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="1 - 18" refId="ref38086" refString="Diez Diaz V, Pereda-Suberbiola X, Sanz JL. 2013 a. Appendicular skeleton and dermal armour of the Late Cretaceous titanosaur Lirainosaurus astibiae (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from Spain. Palaeontologia Electronica 16: 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="a">a, 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gallina & Otero" box="[1116,1376,1210,1232]" firstAuthor="Gallina" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="487 - 501" refId="ref38347" refString="Gallina PA, Otero A. 2015. Reassessment of Laplatasaurus araukanicus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana 52: 487 - 501." type="journal article" year="2015">Gallina & Otero, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The cnemial crest runs vertically throughout the lateral surface of the proximal end and is convex and rounded in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1057,1205,1302,1324]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Fig. 24A, H</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martinelli & Forasiepi" authorityYear="2004" box="[1309,1435,1303,1324]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Bonatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1309,1435,1303,1324]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Bonatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[827,1017,1333,1354]" class="Reptilia" genus="Chubutisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1017,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Chubutisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1037,1193,1333,1354]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Giraffatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1037,1193,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Giraffatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1265,1443,1333,1354]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1265,1443,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Huabeisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Janensch" box="[835,1011,1363,1385]" firstAuthor="Janensch" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="81 - 110" refId="ref39481" refString="Janensch W. 1914. Ubersicht uber die Wirbeltierfauna der Tendaguru Schichten, nebst einer kurzen Charakterisierung der neu aufgestellten Arten von Sauropoden. Archiv fur Biontologie 3: 81 - 110." type="journal article" year="1914">Janensch, 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, 1961;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Carballido" box="[1093,1346,1363,1385]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Carballido" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="93 - 110" refId="ref36951" refString="Carballido JL, Pol D, Cerda I, Salgado L. 2011. The osteology of Chubutisaurus insignis del Corro, 1975 (Dinosauria: Neosauropoda) from the ' middle' Cretaceous of central Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 31: 93 - 110." type="journal article" year="2011">
|
||
Carballido
|
||
<emphasis box="[1221,1278,1363,1385]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2011
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="69375" refId="ref37858" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Benson RB, Pang Q, Zhengwu C. 2013. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,892,1394,1416]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado" box="[991,1246,1394,1416]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="525 - 548" refId="ref42738" refString="Salgado L, Gallina PA, Paulina Carabajal A. 2015. Redescription of Bonatitan reigi (Sauropoda: Titanosauria), from the Campanian - Maastrichtian of the Rio Negro Province (Argentina). Historical Biology 27: 525 - 548." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Salgado
|
||
<emphasis box="[1102,1167,1394,1416]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the inner surface of the cnemial crest opens a proximodistally elongated cnemial fossa where the anterior crest of the fibula articulates, whereas no evidence of a second cnemial crest or tuberculum fibularis is recorded. The external surface of the cnemial crest is rough for the insertion of the muscles femorotibialis, ambiens and iliotibialis (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borsuk-Bialynicka" box="[973,1278,1609,1631]" firstAuthor="Borsuk-Bialynicka" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="5 - 64" refId="ref36375" refString="Borsuk-Bialynicka M. 1977. A new camarasaurid sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii gen. n., sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologica Polonica 37: 5 - 64." type="journal article" year="1977">Borsuk-Białynicka, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Posteriorly, the cnemial fossa is anteroposteriorly concave and proximodistally extended, showing a smooth surface for contact with the anterior crest of the fibula, as in several Titanosauriformes (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ksepka & Norell" authorityYear="2006" box="[1213,1294,1731,1752]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Erketu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1213,1294,1731,1752]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Erketu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1310,1436,1731,1752]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1310,1436,1731,1752]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="You, Tang & Luo, 2003" authorityName="You, Tang & Luo" authorityYear="2003" box="[827,1238,1762,1783]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Gobititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,943,1762,1783]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Gobititan</emphasis>
|
||
You, Tang & Luo, 2003
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="von Huene, 1932" authorityName="von Huene" authorityYear="1932" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Magyarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1253,1443,1763,1784]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Magyarosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
von Huene, 1932
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1034,1223,1793,1814]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Tangvayosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1034,1223,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Tangvayosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salgado & Carvalho" authorityYear="2008" box="[1281,1436,1793,1814]" class="Reptilia" genus="Uberabatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1281,1436,1793,1814]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">Uberabatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nopcsa" box="[827,983,1823,1845]" firstAuthor="Nopcsa" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="1 - 26" refId="ref41326" refString="Nopcsa FB. 1915. The dinosaurs of the Transylvanian Province in Hungary. Communications of the Yearbook of the Royal Hungarian Geological Institute 23: 1 - 26." type="journal article" year="1915">Nopcsa, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Weishampel" box="[998,1281,1823,1845]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Weishampel" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="196 - 215" refId="ref44016" refString="Weishampel DB, Grigorescu D, Norman DB. 1991. The dinosaurs of Transylvania. National Geographic Research & Exploration 7: 196 - 215." type="journal article" year="1991">
|
||
Weishampel
|
||
<emphasis box="[1151,1210,1823,1845]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Allain" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Allain" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" refId="ref35344" refString="Allain R, Taquet P, Battail B, Dejax J, Richir P, Veran M, Limon-Duparcmeur F, Vacant R, Mateus O, Sayarath P, Khenthavong B, Phouyavong S. 1999. Un nouveau genre de dinosaure sauropode de la formation des" type="book" year="1999">
|
||
Allain
|
||
<emphasis box="[1377,1436,1823,1845]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ksepka & Norell" box="[895,1154,1854,1876]" firstAuthor="Ksepka" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref39800" refString="Ksepka DT, Norell MA. 2006. Erketu ellisoni, a long-necked sauropod from Bor Guve (Dornogov Aimag, Mongolia). American Museum Novitates 3508: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2006">Ksepka & Norell, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="You" box="[1166,1339,1854,1876]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="You" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="424 - 429" refId="ref44651" refString="You HL, Feng YT, Zhexi L. 2003. A new basal titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 77: 424 - 429." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
You
|
||
<emphasis box="[1215,1271,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado & Carvalho" firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="39" pageNumber="1372" pagination="881 - 901" refId="ref42577" refString="Salgado L, Carvalho IS. 2008. Uberabatitan ribeiroi, a new titanosaur from the Marilia Formation (Bauru Group, Upper Cretaceous), Minas Gerais, Brazil. Palaeontology 51: 881 - 901." type="journal article" year="2008">Salgado & Carvalho, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wilson & Upchurch, 2009). On the lateral surface of the proximal epiphysis there are low and longitudinal crests across a rough and triangular surface that indicate the insertion of the fibular ligament.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="1373" startId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" targetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" targetPageId="40">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="40.[150,1432,1592,1790]" pageId="40" pageNumber="1373">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[150,271,1592,1614]" pageId="40" pageNumber="1373">Figure 24.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[935,1178,1592,1614]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="40" pageNumber="1373" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[935,1178,1592,1614]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="1373">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–E, right tibia
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="1373">MCF-PVPH-233/18</emphasis>
|
||
in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views. J–M, right fibula
|
||
<emphasis box="[1130,1332,1651,1673]" italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="1373">MCF-PVPH-233/19</emphasis>
|
||
in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations: amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf, cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="41.[163,780,197,1200]" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">
|
||
In
|
||
<emphasis box="[222,460,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">MCF-PVPH-233/18</emphasis>
|
||
, the diaphysis is straight, with both proximal and distal ends slightly prominent laterally in anterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[459,553,381,403]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 24A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[604,773,381,402]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[604,773,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the tibia is slender (RI = 0.21), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Ostrom & McIntosh, 1966)" baseAuthorityName="Ostrom & McIntosh" baseAuthorityYear="1966" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[603,779,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ostrom & McIntosh" box="[173,516,442,464]" firstAuthor="Ostrom" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" refId="ref41454" refString="Ostrom J, McIntosh JS. 1966. Marsh's dinosaurs: the collections from Como Bluff. New Haven: Yale University Press." type="book" year="1966">Ostrom & McIntosh, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Tidwell et al., 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Tidwell" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Cedarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[600,779,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Cedarosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tidwell" box="[172,407,473,495]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tidwell" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="21 - 37" refId="ref43453" refString="Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Brooks W. 1999. New sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, USA. Oryctos 2: 21 - 37." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Tidwell
|
||
<emphasis box="[272,333,473,495]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and about half the length of the femur (length of tibia/length of femur = 0.56), which is a widespread plesiomorphic condition within Sauropoda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[299,541,565,587]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[418,473,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" box="[553,765,565,587]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="69375" refId="ref37858" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Benson RB, Pang Q, Zhengwu C. 2013. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[642,698,565,587]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The diaphysis is triangular in cross-section, with the lateral and anterior rims slightly concave, especially on the distal third. The minimum shaft circumference is approximately at the mid-shaft of the bone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="41.[163,780,197,1200]" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">
|
||
The distal end is exhibits a slight lateral twist with respect to the proximal end in ventral view, as in most Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado" box="[487,713,780,802]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="3 - 32" refId="ref42707" refString="Salgado L, Coria RA, Calvo JO. 1997. Evolution of titanosaurid sauropods: phylogenetic analysis based on the postcranial evidence. Ameghiniana 34: 3 - 32." type="journal article" year="1997">
|
||
Salgado
|
||
<emphasis box="[586,644,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1997
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The articular surface is rough and rectangular, being wider than long (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[379,482,841,863]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 24E</figureCitation>
|
||
). A deep intermalleolar groove (ascending process articular surface;
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 24C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
) divides an oval lateral malleolus (anterior process) from a quadrangular and wider medial malleolus (posterior process), as in most Eusauropoda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The lateral malleolus is more dorsally positioned than the medial malleolus, being step-like and gently sloping medioventrally in posterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[171,270,1086,1108]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 24C</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in most eusauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[713,772,1086,1108]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The intermalleolar groove is represented by a concave and anteroposteriorly extended surface, slightly deeper on its posterior half.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="41.[163,780,1241,1907]" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,395,1241,1263]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">
|
||
Fibula (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[254,379,1241,1263]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 24J–O</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The complete right fibula
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">MCF-PVPH-233/19</emphasis>
|
||
and the proximal end of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 are included in the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[621,671,1303,1324]" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">type</typeStatus>
|
||
material of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[193,369,1333,1354]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[193,369,1333,1354]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Considering that the right fibula was briefly described and figured in posterior view by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" box="[163,419,1394,1416]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[288,343,1394,1416]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, only the general morphology of the fibula of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[307,476,1425,1446]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[307,476,1425,1446]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="41.[163,780,1241,1907]" lastBlockId="41.[827,1444,197,1568]" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">
|
||
In proximal view, the proximal articular surface is rough and oval, with the medial side slightly concave and the lateral one almost convex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[572,701,1517,1539]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 24L, N</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both anterior and posterior edges are convex, and the latter gently slopes medially. In lateral view, the dorsal surface is convex and bears a prominent posterior process (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[261,380,1640,1662]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 24J, O</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Martinelli & Forasiepi" authorityYear="2004" box="[461,575,1640,1661]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Bonatitan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[461,575,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Bonatitan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1990" box="[588,773,1640,1661]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Epachthosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[588,773,1640,1661]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Epachthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gonzalez Riga" authorityYear="2003" box="[163,353,1670,1691]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Mendozasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,353,1670,1691]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Mendozasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Curry Rogers & Forster" authorityYear="2001" box="[370,535,1671,1692]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Rapetosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[370,535,1671,1692]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Rapetosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[600,779,1670,1691]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Sauroposeidon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[600,779,1670,1691]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Sauroposeidon</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Riga" box="[171,400,1701,1723]" firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="155 - 172" refId="ref38604" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ. 2003. A new titanosaur (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Cretaceous of Mendoza province, Argentina. Ameghiniana 40: 155 - 172." type="journal article" year="2003">González Riga, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez" box="[411,642,1701,1723]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martinez" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="107 - 120" refId="ref40966" refString="Martinez RD, Gimenez O, Rodriguez J, Luna M, Lamanna MC. 2004. An articulated specimen of the basal titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) Epachthosaurus sciuttoi from the early Late Cretaceous Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut province, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24: 107 - 120." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Martínez
|
||
<emphasis box="[521,576,1701,1723]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rose" box="[653,773,1701,1722]" firstAuthor="Rose" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="1 - 65" refId="ref42306" refString="Rose PJ. 2007. A titanosauriform (Dinosauria: Saurischia) from the Early Cretaceous of central Texas and its phylogenetic relationships. Palaeontologia Electronica 10: 1 - 65." type="journal article" year="2007">Rose, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Curry Rogers" box="[163,398,1732,1753]" firstAuthor="Curry Rogers" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="1046 - 1086" refId="ref37596" refString="Curry Rogers K. 2009. The postcranial osteology of Rapetosaurus krausei (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 29: 1046 - 1086." type="journal article" year="2009">Curry Rogers, 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Salgado" box="[414,653,1731,1754]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Salgado" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="525 - 548" refId="ref42738" refString="Salgado L, Gallina PA, Paulina Carabajal A. 2015. Redescription of Bonatitan reigi (Sauropoda: Titanosauria), from the Campanian - Maastrichtian of the Rio Negro Province (Argentina). Historical Biology 27: 525 - 548." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Salgado
|
||
<emphasis box="[519,580,1732,1753]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Riga" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="136 - 181" refId="ref38744" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ, Mannion PD, Poropat SF, Ortiz David LD, Coria JP. 2018. Osteology of the Late Cretaceous Argentinean sauropod dinosaur Mendozasaurus neguyelap: implications for basal titanosaur relationships. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184: 136 - 181." type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
González Riga
|
||
<emphasis box="[224,274,1762,1784]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the anteromedial margin of the bone there is a prominent and slender anterior fibular crest (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[237,430,1824,1846]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 24J, L, N, O</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in most Somphospondyli (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[171,427,1854,1876]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[296,355,1854,1876]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gallina & Otero" box="[442,706,1854,1876]" firstAuthor="Gallina" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="487 - 501" refId="ref38347" refString="Gallina PA, Otero A. 2015. Reassessment of Laplatasaurus araukanicus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana 52: 487 - 501." type="journal article" year="2015">Gallina & Otero, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is slightly anteriorly directed and broader distally in dorsal view, whereas it is rather ventrally directed in anterior view. Posterior to the crest, there is a wide and triangular surface that delimits the insertion area for the tibial ligament (tas;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1230,1427,289,311]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 24J, L, N, O</figureCitation>
|
||
), a synapomorphic condition of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Jain et al., 1975" authorityName="Jain" authorityYear="1975" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Barapasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1205,1379,320,341]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Barapasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Jain" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Jain" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="221 - 228" refId="ref39436" refString="Jain SL, Kutty TS, Roy-Chowdhury T, Chatterjee S. 1975. The sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Jurassic Kota formation of India. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B: Biological Sciences 188: 221 - 228." type="journal article" year="1975">
|
||
Jain
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,883,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1975
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bandyopadhyay" box="[967,1283,350,372]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bandyopadhyay" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="533 - 569" refId="ref35599" refString="Bandyopadhyay S, Gillette DD, Ray S, Sengupta DP. 2010. Osteology of Barapasaurus tagorei (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Jurassic of India. Palaeontology 53: 533 - 569." type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Bandyopadhyay
|
||
<emphasis box="[1158,1215,350,372]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Young, 1939" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1939" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Omeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1305,1443,351,372]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Omeisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Young" box="[827,968,381,402]" firstAuthor="Young" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="279 - 316" refId="ref44804" refString="Young CC. 1939. On a new Sauropoda, with notes on other fragmentary reptiles from Szechuan. Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 19: 279 - 316." type="journal article" year="1939">Young, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all neosauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Two narrow but deep ligamentous foveae open on the proximomedial margin of the fibula, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Borsuk-Bialynicka, 1977)" baseAuthorityName="Borsuk-Bialynicka" baseAuthorityYear="1977" box="[858,1395,473,495]" class="Reptilia" family="Saltasauridae" genus="Opisthocoelicaudia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[858,1080,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Opisthocoelicaudia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borsuk-Bialynicka" box="[1097,1385,473,495]" firstAuthor="Borsuk-Bialynicka" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="5 - 64" refId="ref36375" refString="Borsuk-Bialynicka M. 1977. A new camarasaurid sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii gen. n., sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologica Polonica 37: 5 - 64." type="journal article" year="1977">Borsuk-Białynicka, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the posterior surface there is the muscular insertion surface for the muscle iliofibularis, which is oval and transversely concave, extending partly on the lateral and medial surfaces of the bone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="41.[827,1444,197,1568]" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[884,1056,626,647]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[884,1056,626,647]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the fibula is straight in anterior and lateral views, with both articular ends slightly expanded, the proximal end anteroposteriorly and the distal one mediolaterally (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1177,1301,718,740]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 24J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in most Sauropoda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch & Martin" box="[965,1261,749,771]" firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="208 - 231" refId="ref43731" refString="Upchurch P, Martin J. 2003. The anatomy and taxonomy of Cetiosaurus (Saurischia, Sauropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 23: 208 - 231." type="journal article" year="2003">Upchurch & Martin, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is a slender bone (RI = 0.16), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1119,1292,779,800]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Huabeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1119,1292,779,800]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Huabeisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(RI = 0.12),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1990" box="[827,1033,810,831]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Epachthosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1033,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Epachthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(RI = 0.15) and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Ostrom & McIntosh" baseAuthorityYear="1966" box="[1254,1443,810,831]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1254,1443,810,831]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(RI = 0.17) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ostrom & McIntosh" box="[961,1257,841,863]" firstAuthor="Ostrom" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" refId="ref41454" refString="Ostrom J, McIntosh JS. 1966. Marsh's dinosaurs: the collections from Como Bluff. New Haven: Yale University Press." type="book" year="1966">Ostrom & McIntosh, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martinez" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="107 - 120" refId="ref40966" refString="Martinez RD, Gimenez O, Rodriguez J, Luna M, Lamanna MC. 2004. An articulated specimen of the basal titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) Epachthosaurus sciuttoi from the early Late Cretaceous Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut province, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24: 107 - 120." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Martínez
|
||
<emphasis box="[1381,1437,841,862]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="D'Emic" box="[893,1101,871,893]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="D'Emic" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="69375" refId="ref37858" refString="D'Emic MD, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Benson RB, Pang Q, Zhengwu C. 2013. Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus (Sauropoda: Titanosauriformes) from the Upper Cretaceous of China. PLoS One 8: e 69375." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
D’Emic
|
||
<emphasis box="[981,1035,871,893]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The diaphysis is D-shaped in cross-section, with the lateral surface slightly convex and the medial one rather flat, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Tidwell et al., 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Tidwell" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Cedarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1277,1442,933,954]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Cedarosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tidwell" box="[835,1051,963,985]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tidwell" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="21 - 37" refId="ref43453" refString="Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Brooks W. 1999. New sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, USA. Oryctos 2: 21 - 37." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Tidwell
|
||
<emphasis box="[927,983,963,985]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="41.[827,1444,197,1568]" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">
|
||
On the lateral surface of the mid-shaft there is a rough and gently prominent lateral trochanter (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[836,944,1055,1077]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 24K</figureCitation>
|
||
), which represents the surface for the insertion of the muscle flexor digitorum longus, as in most Eusauropoda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Borsuk-Bialynicka" box="[1122,1436,1117,1139]" firstAuthor="Borsuk-Bialynicka" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="5 - 64" refId="ref36375" refString="Borsuk-Bialynicka M. 1977. A new camarasaurid sauropod Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynskii gen. n., sp. n. from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia. Palaeontologica Polonica 37: 5 - 64." type="journal article" year="1977">Borsuk-Białynicka, 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" box="[827,1105,1147,1169]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This lateral trochanter is proximodistally extended, with a gentle posterior inclination, and composed of two proximal crests, with the posterior crest being slightly more robust than the anterior one, as in several neosauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,885,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gallina & Otero" box="[969,1228,1300,1323]" firstAuthor="Gallina" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="487 - 501" refId="ref38347" refString="Gallina PA, Otero A. 2015. Reassessment of Laplatasaurus araukanicus (Sauropoda: Titanosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana 52: 487 - 501." type="journal article" year="2015">Gallina & Otero, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the proximal third of the anteromedial surface there is a short but prominent anterior trochanter (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1213,1314,1362,1384]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 24K</figureCitation>
|
||
), which in
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1060,1393,1414]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">MCF-PVPH-233/19</emphasis>
|
||
is represented by a longitudinal and rough surface, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Wilhite, 2005)" baseAuthorityName="Wilhite" baseAuthorityYear="2005" box="[1096,1439,1423,1445]" class="Reptilia" family="Camarasauridae" genus="Camarasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1096,1266,1424,1445]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Camarasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilhite" box="[1279,1429,1423,1445]" firstAuthor="Wilhite" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="268 - 301" refId="ref44220" refString="Wilhite DR. 2005. Variation in the appendicular skeleton of North American sauropod dinosaurs: taxonomic implications. In: Tidwell V, Carpenter K. eds. Thunderlizards. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 268 - 301." type="book chapter" year="2005">Wilhite, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The minimum shaft circumference is approximately at the distal third of the bone. The distal articular surface is triangular, showing a medially prominent astragal process in anterior view (asp;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1166,1287,1546,1568]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="40.[150,230,1592,1614]" captionTargetBox="[231,1350,197,1550]" captionTargetId="figure-24@40.[228,1352,194,1552]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="Figure 24. Photographs and line drawings of the hindlimb elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–E, right tibia MCF- PVPH-233/18 in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), proximal (D) and distal (E) views. F–I, proximal epiphysis of the left tibia MCF-PVPH-261/13 in proximal (F), posterior (G), lateral (H) and medial (I) views.J–M, right fibula MCF-PVPH-233/19 in medial (J), anterior (K), proximal (L) and distal (M) views. N, O, proximal epiphysis of the left fibula MCF-PVPH-261/14 in proximal (N) and medial (O) views.Abbreviations:amc, anteromedial crest; amf, anteromedial fossa; ap, anterior process; asap, articular surface for the ascending process; asp, astragal process; at, anterior trochanter; cc, cnemial crest; cf,cnemial fossa; lt, lateral trochanter; mi, insertion surface for muscle iliofibularis; pp, posterior process; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381091/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 24J, K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="41.[827,1443,1609,1907]" lastBlockId="42.[145,762,197,924]" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="1375" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">
|
||
<emphasis box="[827,1057,1609,1630]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">
|
||
Astragalus (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[966,1042,1609,1630]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="42.[146,227,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[182,1389,975,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-472@42.[179,1392,972,1705]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 25. Photographs and line drawings of the right astragalus MCF-PVPH-233/20 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), ventral (E) and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: apr, ascending process of astragalus; cas, calcaneal articular surface; cpf, crest of posterior fossa; das, distal articular surface; fas, fibular articular surface; ilg, intertarsal ligament groove; pf, posterior fossa; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381093/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
We describe and figure the right astragalus of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[996,1175,1639,1660]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[996,1175,1639,1660]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis box="[1194,1433,1639,1660]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">MCF-PVPH-233/20</emphasis>
|
||
) that was mentioned only briefly by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[1384,1443,1670,1692]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The bone is pentagonal in outline in proximal view, with the anterior surface wider than the posterior one and the lateral surface longer than the medial one (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[836,936,1792,1815]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="42.[146,227,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[182,1389,975,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-472@42.[179,1392,972,1705]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 25. Photographs and line drawings of the right astragalus MCF-PVPH-233/20 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), ventral (E) and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: apr, ascending process of astragalus; cas, calcaneal articular surface; cpf, crest of posterior fossa; das, distal articular surface; fas, fibular articular surface; ilg, intertarsal ligament groove; pf, posterior fossa; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381093/files/figure.png" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Fig. 25B</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in most sauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, the medial margin is rounded and forms an almost right angle with the anterior surface, as in the astragalus of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1209,1334,1885,1906]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Euhelopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1209,1334,1885,1906]" italics="true" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374">Euhelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wiman" firstAuthor="Wiman" lastPageId="42" lastPageNumber="1375" pageId="41" pageNumber="1374" pagination="1 - 67" refId="ref44594" refString="Wiman C. 1929. Die Kreide-Dinosaurier aus Shantung. Palaeontologia Sinica 6: 1 - 67." type="journal article" year="1929">Wiman, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Wilson & Upchurch, 2009), whereas the lateral side is rather quadrangular and approaches 120° with the anterior side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="42.[145,762,197,924]" lastBlockId="42.[809,1426,197,802]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">
|
||
In anterior view, the astragalus is triangular, with a prominent ascending process in lateral position and a dorsoventrally compressed medial half (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[646,745,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="42.[146,227,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[182,1389,975,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-472@42.[179,1392,972,1705]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 25. Photographs and line drawings of the right astragalus MCF-PVPH-233/20 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), ventral (E) and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: apr, ascending process of astragalus; cas, calcaneal articular surface; cpf, crest of posterior fossa; das, distal articular surface; fas, fibular articular surface; ilg, intertarsal ligament groove; pf, posterior fossa; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381093/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Fig. 25A</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in derived Eusauropoda and most neosauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" box="[154,446,412,434]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ascending process (pretibial process
|
||
<emphasis box="[386,456,443,464]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Christiansen" box="[469,717,442,464]" firstAuthor="Christiansen" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" pagination="45 - 75" refId="ref37380" refString="Christiansen P. 1997. Locomotion in sauropod dinosaurs. Gaia 14: 45 - 75." type="journal article" year="1997">Christiansen, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) is rectangular and posteriorly inclined in dorsal view, extending to the posterior margin of the bone, as in several neosauropods (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" box="[419,693,534,556]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The posterior surface of that process is dorsally concave and smooth, showing a posterior fossa (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="42.[146,227,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[182,1389,975,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-472@42.[179,1392,972,1705]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 25. Photographs and line drawings of the right astragalus MCF-PVPH-233/20 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), ventral (E) and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: apr, ascending process of astragalus; cas, calcaneal articular surface; cpf, crest of posterior fossa; das, distal articular surface; fas, fibular articular surface; ilg, intertarsal ligament groove; pf, posterior fossa; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381093/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Fig. 25B, D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), as seen in other Neosauropoda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The posterior fossa is medially delimited by a low, wide and posteromedially directed crest that forms a tongue-like process on the posterior surface of the bone (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[288,386,749,771]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="42.[146,227,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[182,1389,975,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-472@42.[179,1392,972,1705]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 25. Photographs and line drawings of the right astragalus MCF-PVPH-233/20 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), ventral (E) and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: apr, ascending process of astragalus; cas, calcaneal articular surface; cpf, crest of posterior fossa; das, distal articular surface; fas, fibular articular surface; ilg, intertarsal ligament groove; pf, posterior fossa; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381093/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Fig. 25D</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in several Eusauropoda but unlike most Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion" box="[513,747,780,802]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref40502" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN, Mateus O. 2013. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis box="[622,679,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The ascending process divides a wide and concave medial surface from a shorter and almost vertical lateral surface for the articulation of the distal ends of the tibia and fibula, respectively (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[572,703,902,924]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="42.[146,227,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[182,1389,975,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-472@42.[179,1392,972,1705]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 25. Photographs and line drawings of the right astragalus MCF-PVPH-233/20 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), ventral (E) and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: apr, ascending process of astragalus; cas, calcaneal articular surface; cpf, crest of posterior fossa; das, distal articular surface; fas, fibular articular surface; ilg, intertarsal ligament groove; pf, posterior fossa; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381093/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Fig. 25A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the posteromedial margin of the ascending process opens a deep and oval fossa with two small foramina, of which the dorsal foramen is rounded and the ventral one is oval. No foramina or fossae are present on the anterior surface of the astragalus, a condition that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[809,978,350,371]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,978,350,371]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with all sauropods more derived than
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Raath, 1972" authorityName="Raath" authorityYear="1972" box="[868,1143,381,403]" class="Reptilia" family="Vulcanodontidae" genus="Vulcanodon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[868,1002,381,402]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Vulcanodon</emphasis>
|
||
Raath, 1972
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wilson & Sereno" box="[1157,1411,381,403]" firstAuthor="Wilson" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref44474" refString="Wilson JA, Sereno PC. 1998. Early evolution and higherlevel phylogeny of sauropod dinosaurs. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 18: 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1998">Wilson & Sereno, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<emphasis box="[846,1090,412,433]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">MCF-PVPH-233/20</emphasis>
|
||
, the lateral surface of the astragalus is concave and smooth, without any fossae or foramina, as in most Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Mannion" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Mannion" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" pagination="98 - 206" refId="ref40502" refString="Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Barnes RN, Mateus O. 2013. Osteology of the Late Jurassic Portuguese sauropod dinosaur Lusotitan atalaiensis (Macronaria) and the evolutionary history of basal titanosauriforms. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 168: 98 - 206." type="journal article" year="2013">
|
||
Mannion
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,865,504,525]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="42.[809,1426,197,802]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">
|
||
The ventral surface is medially concave in anterior view, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ksepka & Norell" authorityYear="2006" box="[945,1025,565,586]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Erketu" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[945,1025,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Erketu</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="You, Tang & Luo" authorityYear="2003" box="[1042,1156,565,586]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Gobititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1042,1156,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Gobititan</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Young" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[1219,1425,565,586]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Mamenchisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1219,1425,565,586]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Mamenchisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Young" box="[818,963,595,617]" firstAuthor="Young" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" pagination="355 - 369" refId="ref44836" refString="Young CC. 1954. On a new sauropod from Yiping, Szechuand, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 2: 355 - 369." type="journal article" year="1954">Young, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Young & Zhao" box="[977,1219,596,618]" firstAuthor="Young" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" refId="ref44861" refString="Young CC, Zhao X. 1972. A description of the type material of Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis. Institute of Vertebrate" type="book" year="1972">Young & Zhao, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="You" box="[1233,1418,596,617]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="You" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" pagination="424 - 429" refId="ref44651" refString="You HL, Feng YT, Zhexi L. 2003. A new basal titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) from the Early Cretaceous of China. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition) 77: 424 - 429." type="journal article" year="2003">
|
||
You
|
||
<emphasis box="[1286,1346,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Ksepka & Norell" box="[809,1065,626,648]" firstAuthor="Ksepka" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" pagination="1 - 16" refId="ref39800" refString="Ksepka DT, Norell MA. 2006. Erketu ellisoni, a long-necked sauropod from Bor Guve (Dornogov Aimag, Mongolia). American Museum Novitates 3508: 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="2006">Ksepka & Norell, 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and it is particularly rough on its anterior half, where it articulates with metatarsals I, III and IV. On the posterior margin, there is a deep and narrow groove, indicating the insertion area for the intertarsal ligament (ilg;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1207,1342,749,771]" captionStart="Figure 25" captionStartId="42.[146,227,1745,1767]" captionTargetBox="[182,1389,975,1702]" captionTargetId="figure-472@42.[179,1392,972,1705]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Figure 25. Photographs and line drawings of the right astragalus MCF-PVPH-233/20 of Ligabuesaurus leanzai in anterior (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), ventral (E) and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: apr, ascending process of astragalus; cas, calcaneal articular surface; cpf, crest of posterior fossa; das, distal articular surface; fas, fibular articular surface; ilg, intertarsal ligament groove; pf, posterior fossa; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bar: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381093/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Fig. 25D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Young" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[809,1005,780,801]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Mamenchisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,1005,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Mamenchisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Young" box="[1020,1158,779,801]" firstAuthor="Young" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" pagination="355 - 369" refId="ref44836" refString="Young CC. 1954. On a new sauropod from Yiping, Szechuand, China. Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 2: 355 - 369." type="journal article" year="1954">Young, 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Young & Zhao" box="[1170,1398,780,802]" firstAuthor="Young" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" refId="ref44861" refString="Young CC, Zhao X. 1972. A description of the type material of Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis. Institute of Vertebrate" type="book" year="1972">Young & Zhao, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="42.[809,1425,842,926]" lastBlockId="43.[163,779,197,403]" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="1376" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">
|
||
<emphasis box="[809,983,842,864]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">
|
||
Pes (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[873,964,842,864]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Fig. 26</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Considering that the right pes of
|
||
<emphasis box="[847,1046,873,895]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">MCF-PVPH - 233/ 21– MCF -PVPH-233/28</emphasis>
|
||
) was only briefly described and partly figured by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonaparte" box="[292,566,197,219]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bonaparte" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" pagination="364 - 376" refId="ref36147" refString="Bonaparte JF, Gonzalez Riga BJ, Apesteguia S. 2006. Ligabuesaurus leanzai gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria, Sauropoda), a new titanosaur from the Lohan Cura Formation (Aptian, Lower Cretaceous) of Neuquen, Patagonia, Argentina. Cretaceous Research 27: 364 - 376." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bonaparte
|
||
<emphasis box="[424,483,197,219]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we here describe the general morphology and most relevant features of all pedal elements. The pes comprises five articulated metatarsals and three phalanges that were found partly articulated with metatarsals I and II. Currently, most of the pes is still included in the matrix on its anterior surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381093" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381093" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381093/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" startId="42.[146,227,1745,1767]" targetBox="[182,1389,975,1702]" targetPageId="42">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="42.[145,1426,1745,1855]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[146,269,1745,1767]" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Figure 25.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the right astragalus
|
||
<emphasis box="[893,1110,1745,1767]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">MCF-PVPH-233/20</emphasis>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[1146,1396,1745,1767]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1146,1396,1745,1767]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="1375">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in anterior (A), dorsal (B), lateral (C), posterior (D), ventral (E) and medial (F) views. Abbreviations: apr, ascending process of astragalus; cas, calcaneal articular surface; cpf, crest of posterior fossa; das, distal articular surface; fas, fibular articular surface; ilg, intertarsal ligament groove; pf, posterior fossa; tas, tibial articular surface. Scale bar: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[163,780,444,1907]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,305,444,465]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Metatarsus:</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[354,532,444,465]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[354,532,444,465]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, metatarsal I is the shortest element and the metatarsal III the longest, as in most Titanosauriformes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gallup" box="[515,660,505,527]" firstAuthor="Gallup" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" pagination="71 - 74" refId="ref38380" refString="Gallup MR. 1989. Functional morphology of the hindfoot of the Texas sauropod Pleurocoelus sp. indet. Paleobiology of the dinosaurs. Geological Society of America Special Papers 238: 71 - 74." type="journal article" year="1989">Gallup, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Riga" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" pagination="19165" refId="ref38635" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ, Lamanna MC, Ortiz David LD, Calvo JO, Coria JP. 2016. A gigantic new dinosaur from Argentina and the evolution of the sauropod hind foot. Scientific Reports 6: 19165." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
González Riga
|
||
<emphasis box="[226,285,536,557]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The proximal articular surface of metatarsal I (
|
||
<emphasis box="[319,547,567,588]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">MCF-PVPH-233/21</emphasis>
|
||
) is rough, especially on its lateral half, and triangular in dorsal view, being anteriorly pointed and posteriorly wide (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Fig. 26B</figureCitation>
|
||
), as in most Sauropoda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[509,763,658,680]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[633,692,658,680]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In posterior view, the articular surface is slightly convex and ventrolaterally inclined (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[609,710,720,742]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lateral margin of the proximal surface is triangular and ventrally directed, being more prominent and broader than the medial one, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Wang et al., 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Wang" baseAuthorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" genus="Dongbeititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[553,701,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Dongbeititan</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wang" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wang" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" pagination="911 - 916" refId="ref43767" refString="Wang X, You HL, Meng Q, Gao C, Cheng X, Liu J. 2007. Dongbeititan dongi, the first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 81: 911 - 916." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,225,842,864]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The diaphysis is triangular in crosssection, longer than wide, with both lateral and medial surfaces proximodistally concave in posterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[171,265,934,956]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Fig. 26A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral to the medial distal condyle there is a posterior tubercle, slightly more prominent than in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Wang et al., 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Wang" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[163,522,996,1017]" class="Reptilia" genus="Dongbeititan" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,311,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Dongbeititan</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wang" box="[323,512,996,1017]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Wang" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" pagination="911 - 916" refId="ref43767" refString="Wang X, You HL, Meng Q, Gao C, Cheng X, Liu J. 2007. Dongbeititan dongi, the first sauropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Jehol Group of western Liaoning Province, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 81: 911 - 916." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Wang
|
||
<emphasis box="[392,446,996,1017]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The distal epiphysis is rectangular in ventral view and transversely extended (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[172,272,1057,1079]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Fig. 26C</figureCitation>
|
||
), exceeding the width of the diaphysis in posterior view. It is laterally twisted with respect to the proximal end and exhibits a slight ventrolateral inclination in posterior view. Thus, the lateral edge is more ventrally projected than the medial one, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1939" box="[195,338,1211,1232]" class="Reptilia" family="Euhelopodidae" genus="Omeisaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[195,338,1211,1232]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Omeisaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Dong et al., 1983" authorityName="Dong" authorityYear="1983" box="[355,725,1210,1232]" class="Reptilia" family="Cetiosauridae" genus="Shunosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[355,513,1210,1231]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Shunosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
Dong
|
||
<emphasis box="[592,645,1210,1232]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 1983
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and several
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[252,440,1241,1263]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Brachiosauridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="He" box="[455,620,1241,1263]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="He" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" pagination="1 - 143" refId="ref39218" refString="He XL, Li C, Cai KJ. 1988. The Middle Jurassic dinosaur fauna from Dashampu, Zigong, Sichuan: sauropod dinosaurs. In: Omeisaurus tianfuensis. Chengdu: Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology 4: 1 - 143." type="journal article" year="1988">
|
||
He
|
||
<emphasis box="[495,552,1241,1263]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1988
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Zhang" box="[633,773,1241,1263]" firstAuthor="Zhang" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" refId="ref44946" refString="Zhang YH. 1988. The Middle Jurassic dinosaur fauna from Dashanpu, Zigong, Sichuan: Shunosaurus. Sauropod dinosaur (I). Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology, 1988." type="book" year="1988">Zhang, 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" box="[163,354,1272,1294]" firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" pagination="43 - 103" refId="ref43623" refString="Upchurch P. 1998. The phylogenetic relationships of sauropod dinosaurs. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 124: 43 - 103." type="journal article" year="1998">Upchurch, 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The posterior surface is concave, with a wide intercondylar groove that separates a narrow and posteriorly prominent medial condyle from a wider and rounded lateral condyle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[163,780,444,1907]" lastBlockId="43.[827,1444,197,1905]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">
|
||
Metatarsal II (
|
||
<emphasis box="[388,641,1394,1415]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">MCF-PVPH-233/22</emphasis>
|
||
) is longer than metatarsal I, shorter than metatarsal III and as long as metatarsal V (Supporting Information, Table
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[234,285,1486,1507]" degrees="4.9" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" precision="5555" value="-4.9">S4.9</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), as in
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[371,532,1486,1507]" class="Reptilia" family="Brachiosauridae" genus="Cedarosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[371,532,1486,1507]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Cedarosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Powell" authorityYear="1990" box="[591,779,1486,1507]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Epachthosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[591,779,1486,1507]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Epachthosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Tidwell" box="[171,394,1517,1539]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Tidwell" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" pagination="21 - 37" refId="ref43453" refString="Tidwell V, Carpenter K, Brooks W. 1999. New sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, USA. Oryctos 2: 21 - 37." type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Tidwell
|
||
<emphasis box="[266,324,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Martinez" box="[408,651,1517,1539]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Martinez" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" pagination="107 - 120" refId="ref40966" refString="Martinez RD, Gimenez O, Rodriguez J, Luna M, Lamanna MC. 2004. An articulated specimen of the basal titanosaurian (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) Epachthosaurus sciuttoi from the early Late Cretaceous Bajo Barreal Formation of Chubut province, Argentina. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 24: 107 - 120." type="journal article" year="2004">
|
||
Martínez
|
||
<emphasis box="[523,581,1517,1539]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In dorsal view, the proximal articular surface is D-shaped and anterolaterally directed (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[458,556,1578,1600]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Fig. 26E</figureCitation>
|
||
), with both medial and lateral surfaces slightly concave posteriorly for articulation with metatarsals I and III, respectively. The articular surface is rough, especially in the posterolateral portion, and convex in posterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[240,346,1731,1754]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Fig. 26D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior border is concave, with prominent ends, of which the posteromedial edge is broad and dorsoventrally long, whereas the posterolateral one is rounded and laterally directed. The diaphysis is triangular in cross-section, with medial and lateral surfaces concave and convergent ventrally and with the distal third being narrower than the proximal one. A low and longitudinal crest runs from the ventral portion of the proximolateral edge to the distal third of the diaphysis, where it slopes medially. In contrast, close to the mediodistal condyle there is a rounded tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1253,1352,350,372]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Fig. 26D</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is slightly more ventral but less prominent than in metatarsal I. The distal end exhibits a slight lateral twist with respect to the proximal end and is ventrolaterally inclined in posterior view, but less than in metatarsal I. In ventral view, the distal surface is rectangular and transversely extended, with a convex anterior surface and a concave intercondylar groove on the posterior surface (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1118,1213,595,617]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Fig. 26F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The intercondylar groove divides a broad and rounded medial condyle from a more ventrally prominent lateral one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[827,1444,197,1905]" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">
|
||
Metatarsal III (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1036,1269,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">MCF-PVPH-233/23</emphasis>
|
||
) is the longest of the metatarsus, as in most Titanosauriformes. Moreover, this metatarsal is 60% longer than metatarsal I, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="von Huene" baseAuthorityYear="1929" box="[1049,1227,780,801]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Antarctosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1049,1227,780,801]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Antarctosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="von Huene" box="[1243,1437,780,801]" firstAuthor="von Huene" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" pagination="1 - 196" refId="ref39348" refString="von Huene F. 1929. Los saurisquios y ornitisquios del Cretaceo Argentino. Anales del Museo de La Plata, Seccion Paleontologia 2: 1 - 196." type="journal article" year="1929">von Huene, 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gonzalez Riga" box="[827,1142,810,832]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Gonzalez Riga" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" pagination="19165" refId="ref38635" refString="Gonzalez Riga BJ, Lamanna MC, Ortiz David LD, Calvo JO, Coria JP. 2016. A gigantic new dinosaur from Argentina and the evolution of the sauropod hind foot. Scientific Reports 6: 19165." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
González Riga
|
||
<emphasis box="[1009,1069,810,832]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The proximal articular surface is rectangular, transversely compressed and anterolaterally directed in dorsal view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1322,1427,871,893]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Fig. 26H</figureCitation>
|
||
). The medial border is convex posteriorly, whereas the lateral border is strongly concave for the articulation with metatarsals II and IV, respectively. The proximal articular surface is anterolaterally rough and almost flat, with a ventrolateral inclination in posterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[836,938,1055,1077]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Fig. 26G</figureCitation>
|
||
). A low and longitudinal crest runs from the proximomedial margin towards the distal third of the diaphysis, where it gently slopes laterally. The diaphysis is slender and transversely compressed, especially at the mid-shaft, with medial and lateral borders dorsoventrally concave in posterior view. Dorsal to the mediodistal condyle there is a low tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[937,1035,1270,1292]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Fig. 26G</figureCitation>
|
||
), which is shallower and in a more lateral position than in metatarsals I and II. The distal end exhibits a strong lateroventral inclination in posterior view. The articular surface is quadrangular, being slightly wider than long, with a convex anterior surface and a low posterior intercondylar groove, which is slightly deeper ventrally than posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1341,1428,1454,1476]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Fig. 26I</figureCitation>
|
||
). The condyles are poorly prominent and rounded, with the lateral condyle being more ventrally projected than the medial one.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="43.[827,1444,197,1905]" lastBlockId="45.[163,779,197,986]" lastPageId="45" lastPageNumber="1378" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">
|
||
Metatarsal IV (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1050,1296,1577,1598]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">MCF-PVPH-233/24</emphasis>
|
||
) is slightly shorter than metatarsal III, but longer than the rest of the elements, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Canudo et al., 2008)" baseAuthorityName="Canudo" baseAuthorityYear="2008" box="[1033,1438,1638,1660]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1033,1209,1639,1660]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Tastavinsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Canudo" box="[1221,1429,1638,1660]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Canudo" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376" pagination="712 - 731" refId="ref36724" refString="Canudo JI, Royo-Torres R, Cuenca-Bescos G. 2008. A new sauropod: Tastavinsaurus sanzi gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cretaceous (Aptian) of Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 28: 712 - 731." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Canudo
|
||
<emphasis box="[1312,1365,1638,1660]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In dorsal view, the proximal surface is trapezoidal, with a convex medial border and a strongly concave lateral border for the articulation with metatarsal V (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[836,937,1760,1783]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Fig. 26K</figureCitation>
|
||
). The proximal articular surface is rough and slightly convex in posterior view (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1281,1376,1791,1813]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="1376">Fig. 26J</figureCitation>
|
||
). The diaphysis is oval in cross-section and transversely compressed on its distal third. No longitudinal crest or tubercle is recorded on the posterior surface. Distally, the intercondylar groove is shallow, and the condyles are reduced.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="44" pageNumber="1377" startId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" targetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" targetPageId="44">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="44.[145,1426,1537,1794]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1377">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[145,263,1537,1559]" pageId="44" pageNumber="1377">Figure 26.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="BONAPARTE, GONZALEZ RIGA & APESTEGUIA" authorityYear="2006" box="[864,1100,1537,1559]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="44" pageNumber="1377" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leanzai">
|
||
<emphasis box="[864,1100,1537,1559]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1377">Ligabuesaurus leanzai</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–C, right metatarsal I
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1377">MCF-PVPH-233/21</emphasis>
|
||
in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II
|
||
<emphasis box="[1088,1298,1567,1589]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1377">MCF-PVPH-233/22</emphasis>
|
||
in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III
|
||
<emphasis box="[801,1008,1596,1618]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1377">MCF-PVPH-233/23</emphasis>
|
||
in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV
|
||
<emphasis box="[497,703,1625,1647]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1377">MCF-PVPH-233/24</emphasis>
|
||
in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1377">MCF-PVPH-233/25</emphasis>
|
||
in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1
|
||
<emphasis box="[1013,1218,1655,1677]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1377">MCF-PVPH-233/26</emphasis>
|
||
in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx
|
||
<emphasis box="[376,581,1684,1706]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1377">MCF-PVPH-233/27</emphasis>
|
||
in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1
|
||
<emphasis box="[1044,1249,1684,1706]" italics="true" pageId="44" pageNumber="1377">MCF-PVPH-233/28</emphasis>
|
||
in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[163,779,197,986]" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">
|
||
Metatarsal V (
|
||
<emphasis box="[363,600,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">MCF-PVPH-233/25</emphasis>
|
||
) is fan shaped in posterior view, decreasing distally from a wide and triangular proximal end (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[508,603,320,342]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">Fig. 26L</figureCitation>
|
||
). The proximal articular surface is rough and triangular in dorsal view, being anteroposteriorly compressed and transversely extended (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[286,390,412,434]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">Fig. 26M</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anterior border is concave, whereas the medial and posterior margins are straight and converging posteromedially in a right angle. The proximal articular surface is convex in lateral view, sloping ventrally with its lateral half (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[616,712,534,556]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">Fig. 26L</figureCitation>
|
||
). The expanded proximal epiphysis with respect to the shaft is a condition that
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[390,565,596,617]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[390,565,596,617]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shares with most sauropods, whereas it differs from the compressed proximal ends seen in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Gilmore" authorityYear="1922" box="[429,584,657,678]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Alamosaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[429,584,657,678]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">Alamosaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[598,779,658,679]" class="Reptilia" genus="Tastavinsaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[598,779,658,679]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">Tastavinsaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Poropat et al., 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Poropat" baseAuthorityYear="2016" box="[214,605,688,710]" class="Reptilia" family="Titanosauridae" genus="Saltasaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[214,355,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">Saltasaurus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Poropat" box="[371,595,688,710]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Poropat" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378" pagination="34467" refId="ref41901" refString="Poropat SF, Mannion PD, Upchurch P, Hocknull SA, Kear BP, Kundrat M, Tischler TR, Sloan T, Sinapius GHK, Elliott JA, Elliott DA. 2016. New Australian sauropods shed light on Cretaceous dinosaur palaeobiogeography. Scientific Reports 6: 34467." type="journal article" year="2016">
|
||
Poropat
|
||
<emphasis box="[468,526,688,709]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The diaphysis is oval in cross-section and straight in posterior view, with a wide proximal fossa on the posterior surface that indicates the insertion surface for the flexor muscle fibres (Borsuk-Byalinicka, 1977). The posterior surface of the diaphysis is convex distally in lateral view. The distal end is slightly expanded with respect to the diaphysis but convex ventrally. The distal articular surface is rough and posteriorly divided by a narrow and shallow groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[163,780,1026,1907]" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,292,1026,1047]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">Phalanges:</emphasis>
|
||
The phalangeal formula is unknown for
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[163,333,1057,1078]" class="Reptilia" genus="Ligabuesaurus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Saurischia" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[163,333,1057,1078]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">Ligabuesaurus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at present. However, the proximal and ungual phalanges of metatarsal I and the proximal phalanx of metatarsal II are preserved. Phalanx I-1 (
|
||
<emphasis box="[172,411,1149,1170]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">MCF-PVPH-233/26</emphasis>
|
||
) was found partly articulated with metatarsal I and displaced in a slightly medial direction. The proximal articular surface is rough and concave in lateral view, whereas the dorsal surface is wider than long and wedge shaped. The phalanx is oval in posterior view, showing a smooth and transversely concave surface, which is delimited dorsally by a posteriorly prominent and robust crest (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[624,722,1364,1386]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">Fig. 26N</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the posterior surface, two small concavities are divided medially by a longitudinal and low crest. Distally, the articular surface is rather smooth and slightly convex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[163,780,1026,1907]" lastBlockId="45.[827,1444,197,709]" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">
|
||
The ungual phalanx I-2 (
|
||
<emphasis box="[484,718,1486,1507]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">MCF-PVPH-233/27</emphasis>
|
||
) was found ventral to metatarsal I and anterolaterally displaced with respect to phalanx I-1. The bone is hook shaped in lateral view, tapering distally from the proximal region (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[494,598,1609,1631]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">Fig. 26O</figureCitation>
|
||
). The phalanx exhibits strong transverse compression and ventral inclination, as in most Eusauropoda (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Upchurch" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Upchurch" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378" pagination="295 - 322" refId="ref43647" refString="Upchurch P, Barrett PM, Dodson P. 2004. Sauropoda. In: Weishampel DB, Dodson P, Osmolska H. eds. The dinosauria, 2 nd edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 295 - 322." type="book chapter" year="2004">
|
||
Upchurch
|
||
<emphasis box="[716,773,1670,1692]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2004
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The proximal articular surface is elliptical and transversely convex, with a gentle lateral inclination in dorsal view. Close to the proximomedial margin there is a prominent and rounded process for the insertion of the muscle flexor digitorum communis brevis, which is related to partial ungual rotation during locomotion (Borsuk-Byałinicka, 1977). In dorsal view, the medial margin is slightly convex and crossed by shallow and longitudinal grooves, which are likely to represent the insertion of an unmineralized ungual cover.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="45.[827,1444,197,709]" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">
|
||
The proximal phalanx II-1 (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1158,1386,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">MCF-PVPH-233/28</emphasis>
|
||
) was found ventrally, but medially displaced with respect to metatarsal II. The proximal articular surface of the phalanx is rectangular, slightly wider than long, and with convex medial and lateral margins. In posterior view, this articular surface is rough and transversely concave. The proximomedial margin is posteriorly prominent and more robust than the proximolateral one in lateral view. On the distal surface, the lateral condyle is low and separated from the medial one by a wide and posteriorly extended medial groove (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="44.[145,223,1537,1559]" captionTargetBox="[300,1270,195,1495]" captionTargetId="figure-24@44.[298,1272,192,1497]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="Figure 26. Photographs and line drawings of the pedal elements of Ligabuesaurus leanzai. A–C, right metatarsal I MCF- PVPH-233/21 in posterior (A), proximal (B) and distal (C) views. D–F, right metatarsal II MCF-PVPH-233/22 in posterior (D), proximal (E) and distal (F) views. G–I, right metatarsal III MCF-PVPH-233/23 in posterior (G), proximal (H) and distal (I) views. J, K, right metatarsal IV MCF-PVPH-233/24 in posterior (J) and proximal (K) views. L, M, right metatarsal V MCF- PVPH-233/25 in posterior (L) and proximal (M) views. N, right proximal phalanx I-1 MCF-PVPH-233/26 in posterior view. O, right ungueal phalanx MCF-PVPH-233/27 in medial view. P, right proximal phalanx II-1 MCF-PVPH-233/28 in posterior view. Abbreviations: I, articular surface for metatarsal I; II, articular surface for metatarsal II; III, articular surface for metatarsal III; icg, intercondylar groove; IV, articular surface for metatarsal IV; lc, lateral condyle; mdp, mediodistal process; mh, medial hollow; pas, proximal articular surface; V, articular surface for metatarsal V; vf, vascular foramen. Scale bars: 10 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7381095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7381095/files/figure.png" pageId="45" pageNumber="1378">Fig. 26P</figureCitation>
|
||
). Dorsal to this groove, there is a deep and almost circular excavation, which has well-defined edges but is partly filled with matrix.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |