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<document id="B3A0056E4296F316FFD059F8765F8402" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.173882" ID-GBIF-Dataset="21e56974-f8d1-4720-bca8-abc954639208" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="173882" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459786019228" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schönberg, Christine Hanna Lydia, Grass, Stefanie &amp; Heiermann, Anke Tarja" docDate="2006" docId="F003CC35FFA05733FEBFE2F7FB80F932" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01312p024.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1312" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Cliona minuscula Schönberg, Grass &amp; Heiermann, 2006, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="16" masterDocId="0C3AB44DFFA5573CFFB7E056FF80FFB4" masterDocTitle="Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. (Hadromerida: Clionaidae) and other bioeroding sponges that only contain tylostyles" masterLastPageNumber="24" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698218530622" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="23EB2A9AF938B7C51ACCDAD76BDB26B6">Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. (Hadromerida: Clionaidae) and other bioeroding sponges that only contain tylostyles</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="824D499A995C9696BF9A74CB2F1D4E15">Schönberg, Christine Hanna Lydia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="617E372491EE109567B45186B146D235">Grass, Stefanie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6B200848BF9F953FD4B9B1EC10CA25A1">Heiermann, Anke Tarja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="087E80AB29DC220358A76C4E58765329">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="F003CC35FFA05733FEBFE2F7FB80F932" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5617024" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5617024" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F003CC35FFA05733FEBFE2F7FB80F932" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F003CC35FFA05733FEBFE2F7FB80F932" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph id="78157D23FFA05739FEBFE2F7FBA2FD6A" blockId="5.[264,1307,673,734]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<heading id="235DCA4FFFA05739FEBFE2F7FBA2FD6A" bold="true" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" reason="1">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FEBFE2F7FBA2FD6A" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
Remarks on
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FE1FE2F7FD00FD0F" box="[424,640,673,699]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FE1FE2F7FD00FD0F" bold="true" box="[424,640,673,699]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cliona minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA05739FD39E2F7FD6CFD0F" box="[654,748,673,699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and a discussion of a species complex of bioeroding sponges that only contain tylostyles as skeletal elements
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA05739FEBFE359FC0DFC9C" blockId="5.[264,1324,783,1369]" box="[264,909,783,809]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FEBFE359FE75FC9C" box="[264,501,783,808]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Species of the genus</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FE4BE359FDCAFC9D" box="[508,586,783,809]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Cliona</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FDE6E359FC0DFC9C" box="[593,909,783,808]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">that only contain tylostyles</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA05739FE8FE361FD3BFB55" blockId="5.[264,1324,783,1369]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
The newly described species of a bioeroding sponge from Orpheus Island contains only tylostyles as skeletal elements. The arrangement of spicules and the manner in which the sponge erodes identifies it as a
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FD16E3D1FD71FC14" box="[673,753,903,928]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FD16E3D1FD71FC14" box="[673,753,903,928]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Comparison with 15 other species of this genus that also contain only tylostyles showed that this sponge has not previously been described (
<tableCitation id="35284898FFA05739FEA7E381FEE1FC45" box="[272,353,983,1009]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of taxonomic characters between Cliona minuscula, sp. nov., 15 other clionaid sponges that have only tylostyles as their only skeletal elements, and the three other species of bioeroding sponges found in the holotype QM G 322595. Tylostyle dimensions are means of length x shaft width x tyle width in µm, where data are available. For Cliona ensifera tylostyle dimensions of the neck region are given as well. Where multiple characters are given, they are aligned with their respective references in the last column." pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
). One of the species that we considered was
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FC20E381FB89FC44" box="[919,1033,983,1008]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FC20E381FB89FC44" box="[919,1033,983,1008]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. caesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nov. comb.. Additional samples obtained since the original description support the transfer from
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FBDFE3A9FB2DFBAC" box="[1128,1197,1023,1048]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Pione" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FBDFE3A9FB2DFBAC" box="[1128,1197,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Pione</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FB64E3A9FAA3FBAC" box="[1235,1315,1023,1048]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FB64E3A9FAA3FBAC" box="[1235,1315,1023,1048]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Variable oxeas previously found in
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FD1DE471FC97FBF4" box="[682,791,1063,1088]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FD1DE471FC97FBF4" box="[682,791,1063,1088]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. caesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were not present in most of the new samples and are likely to be contaminations or kleptospicula (Schönberg unpublished data). It was also noted that dark bodies in tissue preparations previously described as ‘pigment granules’ (
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA05739FE38E4C9FDDCFB0D" author="Schonberg" box="[399,604,1183,1209]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Schonberg, C. H. L. (2000) Bioeroding sponges common to the Central Australian Great Barrier Reef: descriptions of three new species, two new records, and additions to two previously described species. Senckenbergiana maritima, 30, 162 - 163." type="journal article" year="2000">Schönberg 2000</bibRefCitation>
) are symbiotic dinoflagellates.
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FC40E4C9FBEFFB0C" box="[1015,1135,1183,1208]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FC40E4C9FBEFFB0C" box="[1015,1135,1183,1208]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. caesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
thus becomes available for the present comparison.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA0573BFE8FE4B9FC25FD2A" blockId="5.[264,1324,783,1369]" lastBlockId="7.[264,1323,284,670]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
A number of species have not been considered as they have previously been synonymised with
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FE52E541FDCFFA84" box="[485,591,1303,1328]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FE52E541FDCFFA84" box="[485,591,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. celata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<tableCitation id="35284898FFA05739FDEAE541FD29FA85" box="[605,681,1303,1329]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="16.[264,352,483,507]" captionTargetBox="[269,1321,574,1571]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 3. Species of the genus Cliona that were not compared to Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. (in alphabetical order)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2CD52DABFFB5572CFEBFE1B5FE58FDA9" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="2CD52DABFFB5572CFEBFE1B5FE58FDA9">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA05739FD77E541FCF1FA85" author="Topsent" box="[704,881,1303,1329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="24" refString="Topsent, E. (1900) Etude monographique des spongiaires de France. 3. Monaxonida (Hadromerina). Archives Zoologiques Experimentales de Geneva serie 3, 8, 1 - 331, pls. 1 - 8." type="journal article" year="1900">Topsent (1900)</bibRefCitation>
further synonymised
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FBC7E541FB58FA84" box="[1136,1240,1303,1328]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alderi">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FBC7E541FB58FA84" box="[1136,1240,1303,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. alderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FAA7E541FEF6FAEC" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FAA7E541FEF6FAEC" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. dissimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FE72E569FDB6FAEC" box="[453,566,1343,1368]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FE72E569FDB6FAEC" box="[453,566,1343,1368]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. celata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, however, these two species are presently regarded as valid (
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA2573BFEA7E14AFDA0FE82" author="Rutzler" box="[272,544,284,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="23" refString="Rutzler, K. &amp; Stone, S. M. (1986) Discovery and significance of Albany Hancock's microscope preparations of excavating sponges (Porifera: Hadromerida: Clionidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 99, 658 - 675." type="journal article" year="1986">Rützler &amp; Stone 1986</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA2573BFD87E14AFCA6FE82" author="Fromont" box="[560,806,284,310]" pageId="7" pageNumber="21" refString="Fromont, J., Craig, R., Rawlinson, L. &amp; Alder, J. (2005) Excavating sponges that are destructive to farmed pearl oysters in Western and Northern Australia. Aquaculture Research, 36, 150 - 162." type="journal article" year="2005">
Fromont
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFD16E14AFD5FFE81" box="[673,735,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
) and were included in the comparison.
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFAA7E14AFECFFEE9" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFAA7E14AFECFFEE9" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. celata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
itself was considered, even though it has occasionally been observed with an additional spicule
<typeStatus id="A711C381FFA2573BFE58E13AFDA5FE32" box="[495,549,364,390]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
, with raphides. Only
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFCF5E13AFC34FE31" box="[834,948,364,389]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFCF5E13AFC34FE31" box="[834,948,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. celata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
without raphides is used for comparison, and it has been discussed that specimens with and without raphides belong to different species (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA2573BFDABE1EAFC99FE62" author="Rosell" box="[540,793,444,470]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="7" pageNumber="22" refString="Rosell, D. &amp; Uriz, M. J. (2002) Excavating and endolithic sponge species (Porifera) from the Mediterranean: species descriptions and identification key: Organism Diversity and Evolution, 2, 55 - 86." type="journal article" year="2002">Rosell &amp; Uriz 2002</bibRefCitation>
). Some other species were not considered, because the original descriptions were insufficient and revised descriptions were unavailable (
<tableCitation id="35284898FFA2573BFE14E25AFE73FD92" box="[419,499,524,550]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="16.[264,352,483,507]" captionTargetBox="[269,1321,574,1571]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 3. Species of the genus Cliona that were not compared to Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. (in alphabetical order)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2CD52DABFFB5572CFEBFE1B5FE58FDA9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="2CD52DABFFB5572CFEBFE1B5FE58FDA9">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
). Two other species were not included, although they only contain tylostyles and other authors described them as
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFCFEE262FC19FDF9" box="[841,921,564,589]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFCFEE262FC19FDF9" box="[841,921,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but their status as bioeroders is unconfirmed (
<tableCitation id="35284898FFA2573BFE19E20AFE7AFDC2" box="[430,506,604,630]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="16.[264,352,483,507]" captionTargetBox="[269,1321,574,1571]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="TABLE 3. Species of the genus Cliona that were not compared to Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. (in alphabetical order)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/2CD52DABFFB5572CFEBFE1B5FE58FDA9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="2CD52DABFFB5572CFEBFE1B5FE58FDA9">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
). All the above species are dissimilar to our present specimens or are invalid. Details for taxonomic decisions are given below.
</paragraph>
<caption id="2CD52DABFFA05739FEBFE5D8FB3DF8DC" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA05739FEBFE5D8FB3DF8DC" blockId="5.[264,1324,1422,1896]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FEBFE5D8FE0DFA12" bold="true" box="[264,397,1422,1446]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FE20E5D9FDD7FA12" box="[407,599,1423,1446]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FE20E5D9FDD7FA12" box="[407,599,1423,1446]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cliona minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA05739FDD0E5D8FD3FFA12" box="[615,703,1422,1446]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FDD0E5D8FD3FFA12" bold="true" box="[615,703,1422,1446]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
morphological characters of QM G322595. A—Sample QM G322595 is a shell of
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FD93E5E4FD52FA7D" box="[548,722,1458,1481]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cardiidae" genus="Tridacna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Veneroida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crocea">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FD93E5E4FD52FA7D" box="[548,722,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Tridacna crocea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FCF5E5E4FC4EFA7D" box="[834,974,1458,1481]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FCF5E5E4FC4EFA7D" box="[834,974,1458,1481]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA05739FC6BE5E7FBB1FA7D" box="[988,1073,1457,1481]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FC6BE5E7FBB1FA7D" bold="true" box="[988,1073,1457,1481]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
and three other species of bioeroding sponges were found.
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FD2EE582FCABFA5F" box="[665,811,1492,1515]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FD2EE582FCABFA5F" box="[665,811,1492,1515]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FC8AE585FC17FA5F" bold="true" box="[829,919,1491,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA05739FC8AE585FC17FA5F" box="[829,919,1491,1515]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
inhabits over 1/3 of the shell (area underneath white line). The left half is dominated by
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FCF1E5A1FB9EF9BA" box="[838,1054,1526,1550]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FCF1E5A1FC0FF9BA" box="[838,911,1527,1550]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cliona</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FC0FE5A1FB9EF9BA" box="[952,1054,1527,1550]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. B—Inner surface of the shell and fracture surfaces.
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FD85E64CFD40F985" box="[562,704,1562,1585]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FD85E64CFD40F985" box="[562,704,1562,1585]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FD78E64FFCA6F985" bold="true" box="[719,806,1561,1585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA05739FD78E64FFCA6F985" box="[719,806,1561,1585]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
does not penetrate the entire shell, except for a small area at the extreme opposite of the umbo, where the sponge forms a net­like pattern on the inside of the shell (near the zero of the cm scale). The white ellipse encloses macroscopic erosion traces of
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FEDDE6D4FD8FF92D" box="[362,527,1666,1689]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ensifera">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FEDDE6D4FD8FF92D" box="[362,527,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cliona ensifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the black ellipse
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FD78E6D4FCF6F92D" box="[719,886,1665,1689]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FD78E6D4FD68F92D" box="[719,744,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FCA7E6D4FCF6F92D" box="[784,886,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the arrow points to chambers of
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FB6BE6D4FA86F92D" box="[1244,1286,1666,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Aka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FB6BE6D4FA86F92D" box="[1244,1286,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. C–D—Closer views of papillae of
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FD31E6F2FC94F90F" box="[646,788,1700,1723]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FD31E6F2FC94F90F" box="[646,788,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA05739FC93E6F5FCFCF90F" box="[804,892,1699,1723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FC93E6F5FCFCF90F" bold="true" box="[804,892,1699,1723]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, which are discrete, minute and evenly distributed. They have created pits in the substrate, resulting in their position being lower than the substrate surface (scale bars 1 cm and 1 mm, respectively). E–F—Erosion chambers of
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FB55E6BCFEF5F897" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FB55E6BCFEF5F897" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Cliona minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA05739FE34E75DFE58F897" box="[387,472,1803,1827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FE34E75DFE58F897" bold="true" box="[387,472,1803,1827]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(upper halves of figures, large chambers in lower halves of figures are occupied by
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA05739FE99E779FED7F8F2" box="[302,343,1839,1862]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Aka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA05739FE99E779FED7F8F2" box="[302,343,1839,1862]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Aka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.; scale bars 1 mm). G–H—Pluck preparations of tissue (scales 100 µm). G—Loose tylostyle palisade of the ectosome. H—Ectosome with symbiotic dinoflagellates (arrow).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2CD52DABFFA2573BFEBFE285FCF9FCB9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA2573BFEBFE285FCF9FCB9" blockId="7.[264,1323,723,1088]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFEBFE285FE02FD5F" bold="true" box="[264,386,723,747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFE27E282FDD4FD5F" box="[400,596,724,747]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFE27E282FDD4FD5F" box="[400,596,724,747]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cliona minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFDDFE285FD45FD5F" bold="true" box="[616,709,723,747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA2573BFDDFE285FD45FD5F" box="[616,709,723,747]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
tylostyle dimensions in µm (N = 50 per specimen). Preparations contained ectosomal and endosomal spicules.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA2573BFEA7E37FFB28FCF4" blockId="7.[264,1323,723,1088]" box="[272,1192,809,832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Sample Dimension Minimum Mean Maximum SD</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA2573BFEA7E302FB35FCDF" blockId="7.[264,1323,723,1088]" box="[272,1205,852,875]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">QM G322595 length 180.0 231.1 265.0 21.3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA2573BFE7BE328FB27FC21" blockId="7.[264,1323,723,1088]" box="[460,1191,894,917]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">shaft width 2.5 4.4 7.5 1.1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA2573BFE7BE3FFFB28FC74" blockId="7.[264,1323,723,1088]" box="[460,1192,937,960]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">tyle width 4.5 6.9 9.5 1.0</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA2573BFEA7E382FB35FC5F" blockId="7.[264,1323,723,1088]" box="[272,1205,980,1003]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">QM G322596 length 182.5 219.5 247.5 15.4</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA2573BFE7BE3A8FB27FBA1" blockId="7.[264,1323,723,1088]" box="[460,1191,1022,1045]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">shaft width 2.5 4.5 7.3 0.9</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA2573BFE7BE47FFB28FBF4" blockId="7.[264,1323,723,1088]" box="[460,1192,1065,1088]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">tyle width 5.0 6.7 8.0 0.9</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA2573BFEBFE4D2FD58FB2A" blockId="7.[264,1324,1156,1902]" box="[264,728,1156,1182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Remarks on
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFE2BE4D2FDECFB29" box="[412,620,1156,1181]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFE2BE4D2FDECFB29" box="[412,620,1156,1181]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Cliona minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFDCCE4D2FD58FB2A" bold="true" box="[635,728,1156,1182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA2573BFDCCE4D2FD58FB2A" box="[635,728,1156,1182]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA2573BFE8FE4FAFE9DFAD2" blockId="7.[264,1324,1156,1902]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFE8FE4FAFE56FB71" box="[312,470,1196,1221]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFE8FE4FAFE56FB71" box="[312,470,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA2573BFE5FE4FAFDC8FB72" box="[488,584,1196,1222]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFE5FE4FAFDC8FB72" bold="true" box="[488,584,1196,1222]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
was distinguished from 15 other clionaid species containing only tylostyles by using available original descriptions and additional references as listed (
<tableCitation id="35284898FFA2573BFEA7E4AAFEE4FAA2" box="[272,356,1276,1302]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of taxonomic characters between Cliona minuscula, sp. nov., 15 other clionaid sponges that have only tylostyles as their only skeletal elements, and the three other species of bioeroding sponges found in the holotype QM G 322595. Tylostyle dimensions are means of length x shaft width x tyle width in µm, where data are available. For Cliona ensifera tylostyle dimensions of the neck region are given as well. Where multiple characters are given, they are aligned with their respective references in the last column." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
). The 15 comparison species were grouped based on the similarities of their taxonomic characters. The same grouping and sequence was retained in
<tableCitation id="35284898FFA2573BFBE6E572FB27FA8A" box="[1105,1191,1316,1342]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of taxonomic characters between Cliona minuscula, sp. nov., 15 other clionaid sponges that have only tylostyles as their only skeletal elements, and the three other species of bioeroding sponges found in the holotype QM G 322595. Tylostyle dimensions are means of length x shaft width x tyle width in µm, where data are available. For Cliona ensifera tylostyle dimensions of the neck region are given as well. Where multiple characters are given, they are aligned with their respective references in the last column." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Table 2</tableCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="E09161A6FFA2573BFB69E572FE99FAD2" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1345,1369]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. tylostyles (A – B) in comparison to tylostyles of other species of the genus Cliona only containing tylostyles (C – Z). A—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322595. B—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322596. Other spicules were redrawn from the following publications: C— C. californiana (Carballo et al., 2004), D— C. celata (Hancock, 1867), E— C. delitrix (Pang, 1973), F— C. delitrix (Rose and Risk, 1985), G— C. dissimilis (Fromont et al., 2005), H— C. laticavicola laticavicola (Pang, 1973), I— C. laticavicola parvispiculata (Pang, 1973), J— C. ecaudis (Topsent, 1932), K— C. janitrix (Topsent, 1932), L— C. janitrix (Pang, 1973), M— C. janitrix (Rosell and Uriz, 2002), N— C. kempi (Annandale, 1915 a), O— C. macgeachii (Holmes, 2000), P— C. alderi (Hancock, 1849), Q— C. alderi (Rützler and Stone, 1986), R— C. insidiosa (Hancock, 1849), S— C. insidiosa (Rützler and Stone, 1986), T— C. millepunctata (Hancock, 1849), U— C. millepunctata (Rützler and Stone, 1986), V— C. peponaca (Pang, 1973), W— C. caesia (Schönberg, 2000). No images of C. arenosa were available. X – Z—Spicules of the other three species of bioeroding sponges found in sample QM G 322595. X— C. ensifera. Y— Aka sp., Z— C. cf. orientalis. All spicules to scale, scale bar 100 µm." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Figure 4</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30B02EA8FFA25735FE8FE522FC70FE82" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA2573BFE8FE522FB8BF8DA" blockId="7.[264,1324,1156,1902]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFE8FE522FD73FA39" box="[312,755,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFE8FE522FE3AFA39" box="[312,442,1396,1421]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arenosa">C. arenosa</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFE70E522FDFDFA39" box="[455,637,1396,1421]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">C. californiana</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFD3EE522FD73FA39" box="[649,755,1396,1421]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">C. celata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFCB5E522FB99FA39" box="[770,1049,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFCB5E522FCFBFA39" box="[770,891,1396,1421]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="delitrix">C. delitrix</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFC3FE522FB99FA39" box="[904,1049,1396,1421]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dissimilis">C. dissimilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFBE5E522FB7FFA39" box="[1106,1279,1396,1421]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laticavicola">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFBE5E522FB7FFA39" box="[1106,1279,1396,1421]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. laticavicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are yellow to orange and have significantly longer tylostyles than
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFBA4E5CAFB33FA01" box="[1043,1203,1436,1461]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFBA4E5CAFB33FA01" box="[1043,1203,1436,1461]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFB70E5CAFAAAFA02" bold="true" box="[1223,1322,1436,1462]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA2573BFB70E5CAFAAAFA02" box="[1223,1322,1436,1462]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(50–100 µm longer;
<figureCitation id="E09161A6FFA2573BFE4CE592FDC0FA6A" box="[507,576,1476,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1345,1369]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. tylostyles (A – B) in comparison to tylostyles of other species of the genus Cliona only containing tylostyles (C – Z). A—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322595. B—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322596. Other spicules were redrawn from the following publications: C— C. californiana (Carballo et al., 2004), D— C. celata (Hancock, 1867), E— C. delitrix (Pang, 1973), F— C. delitrix (Rose and Risk, 1985), G— C. dissimilis (Fromont et al., 2005), H— C. laticavicola laticavicola (Pang, 1973), I— C. laticavicola parvispiculata (Pang, 1973), J— C. ecaudis (Topsent, 1932), K— C. janitrix (Topsent, 1932), L— C. janitrix (Pang, 1973), M— C. janitrix (Rosell and Uriz, 2002), N— C. kempi (Annandale, 1915 a), O— C. macgeachii (Holmes, 2000), P— C. alderi (Hancock, 1849), Q— C. alderi (Rützler and Stone, 1986), R— C. insidiosa (Hancock, 1849), S— C. insidiosa (Rützler and Stone, 1986), T— C. millepunctata (Hancock, 1849), U— C. millepunctata (Rützler and Stone, 1986), V— C. peponaca (Pang, 1973), W— C. caesia (Schönberg, 2000). No images of C. arenosa were available. X – Z—Spicules of the other three species of bioeroding sponges found in sample QM G 322595. X— C. ensifera. Y— Aka sp., Z— C. cf. orientalis. All spicules to scale, scale bar 100 µm." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A–I). Elongate­oval tyles are usually terminal in
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFB3FE592FAA3FA69" box="[1160,1315,1476,1501]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFB3FE592FAA3FA69" box="[1160,1315,1476,1501]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFEBFE5BAFEE7F9B2" bold="true" box="[264,359,1516,1542]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp. nov.</emphasis>
, and more spherical and often subterminal in the other six species.
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFB23E5BAFB7FF9B1" box="[1172,1279,1516,1541]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFB23E5BAFB7FF9B1" box="[1172,1279,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. celata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFAA7E5BAFE7EF999" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFAA7E5BAFEDFF999" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="delitrix">C. delitrix</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFEDBE642FE7EF999" box="[364,510,1556,1581]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dissimilis">C. dissimilis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFD8FE642FD66F999" box="[568,742,1556,1581]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laticavicola">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFD8FE642FD66F999" box="[568,742,1556,1581]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. laticavicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have larger erosion chambers, papillar diameters of&gt;
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFA2573BFEE7E66AFE1CF9E2" box="[336,412,1596,1622]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
and larger papillar canals than in
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFCD3E66AFB87F9E1" box="[868,1031,1596,1621]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFCD3E66AFB87F9E1" box="[868,1031,1596,1621]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFBA9E66AFB03F9E2" bold="true" box="[1054,1155,1596,1622]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA2573BFBA9E66AFB03F9E2" box="[1054,1155,1596,1622]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<tableCitation id="35284898FFA2573BFB2BE66AFB71F9E2" box="[1180,1265,1596,1622]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of taxonomic characters between Cliona minuscula, sp. nov., 15 other clionaid sponges that have only tylostyles as their only skeletal elements, and the three other species of bioeroding sponges found in the holotype QM G 322595. Tylostyle dimensions are means of length x shaft width x tyle width in µm, where data are available. For Cliona ensifera tylostyle dimensions of the neck region are given as well. Where multiple characters are given, they are aligned with their respective references in the last column." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
).
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFAA7E66AFD93F9C9" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFAA7E66AFE1CF9C9" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">C. californiana</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFE1EE632FD93F9C9" box="[425,531,1636,1661]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">C. celata</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFD93E632FD1BF9C9" box="[548,667,1636,1661]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="delitrix">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFD93E632FD1BF9C9" box="[548,667,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. delitrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFD60E632FCE9F9C9" box="[727,873,1636,1661]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFD60E632FCE9F9C9" box="[727,873,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. dissimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can occur in encrusting growth form, and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFE8AE6DAFE74F911" box="[317,500,1676,1701]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFE8AE6DAFE74F911" box="[317,500,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. californiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFD84E6DAFD21F911" box="[563,673,1676,1701]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFD84E6DAFD21F911" box="[563,673,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. celata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may have free­living growth stages, which to date is unknown for
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFE1EE6E2FDC5F979" box="[425,581,1716,1741]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFE1EE6E2FDC5F979" box="[425,581,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA2573BFDE1E6E2FD35F97A" box="[598,693,1716,1742]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFDE1E6E2FD35F97A" bold="true" box="[598,693,1716,1742]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<tableCitation id="35284898FFA2573BFD71E6E2FC95F97A" box="[710,789,1716,1742]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of taxonomic characters between Cliona minuscula, sp. nov., 15 other clionaid sponges that have only tylostyles as their only skeletal elements, and the three other species of bioeroding sponges found in the holotype QM G 322595. Tylostyle dimensions are means of length x shaft width x tyle width in µm, where data are available. For Cliona ensifera tylostyle dimensions of the neck region are given as well. Where multiple characters are given, they are aligned with their respective references in the last column." pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
). Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFC78E6E2FBFDF979" box="[975,1149,1716,1741]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laticavicola">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFC78E6E2FBFDF979" box="[975,1149,1716,1741]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. laticavicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic, and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFC93E68AFC58F941" box="[804,984,1756,1781]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFC93E68AFC58F941" box="[804,984,1756,1781]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. californiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only in the Western Pacific. There is very little information available on
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFCAFE752FC18F8A9" box="[792,920,1796,1821]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arenosa">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFCAFE752FC18F8A9" box="[792,920,1796,1821]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. arenosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but some authors have remarked on its affinity to
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFE7CE77AFDB5F8F1" box="[459,565,1836,1861]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFE7CE77AFDB5F8F1" box="[459,565,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. celata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA2573BFDC0E77AFC99F8F2" author="Topsent" box="[631,793,1836,1862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="24" refString="Topsent, E. (1889) Cliona celata ou Cliona sulphurea? Bulletin de la Societe de France, 14, 351 - 354." type="journal article" year="1889">Topsent 1889</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA2573BFC9AE77AFC2CF8F1" box="[813,940,1836,1861]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arenosa">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA2573BFC9AE77AFC2CF8F1" box="[813,940,1836,1861]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">C. arenosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been described as a massive sponge occurring in the North Atlantic at Florida (
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA2573BFCE3E702FC7EF8DA" author="Schmidt" box="[852,1022,1876,1902]" pageId="7" pageNumber="23" refString="Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzuge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, Germany, 88 pp." type="book" year="1870">Schmidt 1870</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2CD52DABFFAD5734FEBFE561FC0EFA20" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/173884/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[303,1294,314,1301]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAD5734FEBFE561FC0EFA20" blockId="8.[264,1323,1335,1428]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FEBFE561FE0AFAFB" bold="true" box="[264,394,1335,1359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FE25E56EFDCFFAFB" box="[402,591,1336,1359]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FE25E56EFDCFFAFB" box="[402,591,1336,1359]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Cliona minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAD5734FDEAE561FD32FAFB" box="[605,690,1335,1359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FDEAE561FD32FAFB" bold="true" box="[605,690,1335,1359]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
tylostyles of QM G322595. A–B—Tylostyles mostly have straight shafts and oval to drop­shaped tyles that are slightly longer than wide. C–D—Occasionally, tylostyles have more spherical tyles with distinct neck areas.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAD5735FE8FE59EFC70FE82" blockId="8.[264,1323,1480,1906]" lastBlockId="9.[264,1323,284,1294]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
A species group encompassing
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FD11E59EFB9EFA55" box="[678,1054,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FD11E59EFCA4FA55" box="[678,804,1480,1505]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ecaudis">C. ecaudis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FC87E59EFC2BFA55" box="[816,939,1480,1505]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="janitrix">C. janitrix</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FC01E59EFB9EFA55" box="[950,1054,1480,1505]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kempi">C. kempi</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FBE3E59EFB7DFA55" box="[1108,1277,1480,1505]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="macgeachii">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FBE3E59EFB7DFA55" box="[1108,1277,1480,1505]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. macgeachii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has tylostyles that are shorter and wider than in
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FCB0E5A6FC21F9BD" box="[775,929,1520,1545]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FCB0E5A6FC21F9BD" box="[775,929,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAD5734FC18E5B9FB8CF9BD" box="[943,1036,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FC18E5B9FB8CF9BD" bold="true" box="[943,1036,1519,1545]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="E09161A6FFAD5734FBABE5A6FBE2F9BE" box="[1052,1122,1520,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1345,1369]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. tylostyles (A – B) in comparison to tylostyles of other species of the genus Cliona only containing tylostyles (C – Z). A—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322595. B—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322596. Other spicules were redrawn from the following publications: C— C. californiana (Carballo et al., 2004), D— C. celata (Hancock, 1867), E— C. delitrix (Pang, 1973), F— C. delitrix (Rose and Risk, 1985), G— C. dissimilis (Fromont et al., 2005), H— C. laticavicola laticavicola (Pang, 1973), I— C. laticavicola parvispiculata (Pang, 1973), J— C. ecaudis (Topsent, 1932), K— C. janitrix (Topsent, 1932), L— C. janitrix (Pang, 1973), M— C. janitrix (Rosell and Uriz, 2002), N— C. kempi (Annandale, 1915 a), O— C. macgeachii (Holmes, 2000), P— C. alderi (Hancock, 1849), Q— C. alderi (Rützler and Stone, 1986), R— C. insidiosa (Hancock, 1849), S— C. insidiosa (Rützler and Stone, 1986), T— C. millepunctata (Hancock, 1849), U— C. millepunctata (Rützler and Stone, 1986), V— C. peponaca (Pang, 1973), W— C. caesia (Schönberg, 2000). No images of C. arenosa were available. X – Z—Spicules of the other three species of bioeroding sponges found in sample QM G 322595. X— C. ensifera. Y— Aka sp., Z— C. cf. orientalis. All spicules to scale, scale bar 100 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
J–O).
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FB18E5A6FAAAF9BD" box="[1199,1322,1520,1545]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ecaudis">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FB18E5A6FAAAF9BD" box="[1199,1322,1520,1545]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. ecaudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two size classes of tylostyles (
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFAD5734FD20E64EFCBBF986" author="Topsent" box="[663,827,1560,1586]" pageId="8" pageNumber="24" refString="Topsent, E. (1932) Notes sur les Clionides. Archives Zoologiques Experimentales de Geneva, 74, 549 - 579." type="journal article" year="1932">Topsent 1932</bibRefCitation>
), whereas
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FC0EE64EFBD4F985" box="[953,1108,1560,1585]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FC0EE64EFBD4F985" box="[953,1108,1560,1585]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAD5734FBD5E641FB40F985" box="[1122,1216,1559,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FBD5E641FB40F985" bold="true" box="[1122,1216,1559,1585]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
has only one.
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FEF3E616FE43F9ED" box="[324,451,1600,1625]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ecaudis">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FEF3E616FE43F9ED" box="[324,451,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. ecaudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FDB4E616FDFFF9ED" box="[515,639,1600,1625]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="janitrix">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FDB4E616FDFFF9ED" box="[515,639,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. janitrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have larger erosion chambers and papillar sizes than
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FAA7E616FE00F935" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FAA7E616FE00F935" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAD5734FE25E631FE73F935" box="[402,499,1639,1665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FE25E631FE73F935" bold="true" box="[402,499,1639,1665]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<tableCitation id="35284898FFAD5734FDB2E63EFDD5F936" box="[517,597,1640,1666]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of taxonomic characters between Cliona minuscula, sp. nov., 15 other clionaid sponges that have only tylostyles as their only skeletal elements, and the three other species of bioeroding sponges found in the holotype QM G 322595. Tylostyle dimensions are means of length x shaft width x tyle width in µm, where data are available. For Cliona ensifera tylostyle dimensions of the neck region are given as well. Where multiple characters are given, they are aligned with their respective references in the last column." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FDD9E63EFD59F935" box="[622,729,1640,1665]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kempi">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FDD9E63EFD59F935" box="[622,729,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. kempi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FCAFE63EFC44F935" box="[792,964,1640,1665]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="macgeachii">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FCAFE63EFC44F935" box="[792,964,1640,1665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. macgeachii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have small erosion chambers and very small papillar sizes, similar to
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FD54E6C6FCFFF91D" box="[739,895,1680,1705]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FD54E6C6FCFFF91D" box="[739,895,1680,1705]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAD5734FC38E6D9FC6DF91D" box="[911,1005,1679,1705]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FC38E6D9FC6DF91D" bold="true" box="[911,1005,1679,1705]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<tableCitation id="35284898FFAD5734FC49E6C6FBCCF91E" box="[1022,1100,1680,1706]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of taxonomic characters between Cliona minuscula, sp. nov., 15 other clionaid sponges that have only tylostyles as their only skeletal elements, and the three other species of bioeroding sponges found in the holotype QM G 322595. Tylostyle dimensions are means of length x shaft width x tyle width in µm, where data are available. For Cliona ensifera tylostyle dimensions of the neck region are given as well. Where multiple characters are given, they are aligned with their respective references in the last column." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
), but can easily be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FE4FE6EEFD18F965" box="[504,664,1720,1745]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FE4FE6EEFD18F965" box="[504,664,1720,1745]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FD1AE6E1FC90F965" bold="true" box="[685,784,1719,1745]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAD5734FD1AE6E1FC90F965" box="[685,784,1719,1745]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by their ensiform tylostyles (
<figureCitation id="E09161A6FFAD5734FB3FE6EEFB54F966" box="[1160,1236,1720,1746]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1345,1369]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. tylostyles (A – B) in comparison to tylostyles of other species of the genus Cliona only containing tylostyles (C – Z). A—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322595. B—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322596. Other spicules were redrawn from the following publications: C— C. californiana (Carballo et al., 2004), D— C. celata (Hancock, 1867), E— C. delitrix (Pang, 1973), F— C. delitrix (Rose and Risk, 1985), G— C. dissimilis (Fromont et al., 2005), H— C. laticavicola laticavicola (Pang, 1973), I— C. laticavicola parvispiculata (Pang, 1973), J— C. ecaudis (Topsent, 1932), K— C. janitrix (Topsent, 1932), L— C. janitrix (Pang, 1973), M— C. janitrix (Rosell and Uriz, 2002), N— C. kempi (Annandale, 1915 a), O— C. macgeachii (Holmes, 2000), P— C. alderi (Hancock, 1849), Q— C. alderi (Rützler and Stone, 1986), R— C. insidiosa (Hancock, 1849), S— C. insidiosa (Rützler and Stone, 1986), T— C. millepunctata (Hancock, 1849), U— C. millepunctata (Rützler and Stone, 1986), V— C. peponaca (Pang, 1973), W— C. caesia (Schönberg, 2000). No images of C. arenosa were available. X – Z—Spicules of the other three species of bioeroding sponges found in sample QM G 322595. X— C. ensifera. Y— Aka sp., Z— C. cf. orientalis. All spicules to scale, scale bar 100 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
N–O). Unlike
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FED4E6B6FD80F94D" box="[355,512,1760,1785]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FED4E6B6FD80F94D" box="[355,512,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAD5734FDA4E689FDF4F94D" box="[531,628,1759,1785]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FDA4E689FDF4F94D" bold="true" box="[531,628,1759,1785]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FD31E6B6FC82F94D" box="[646,770,1760,1785]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="janitrix">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FD31E6B6FC82F94D" box="[646,770,1760,1785]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. janitrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has tylostyles with subterminal tyles or even stylar modifications, and its tylostyle points are often mucronate, telescoped or stepped (
<figureCitation id="E09161A6FFAD5734FEA6E766FED6F8FE" box="[273,342,1840,1866]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1345,1369]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. tylostyles (A – B) in comparison to tylostyles of other species of the genus Cliona only containing tylostyles (C – Z). A—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322595. B—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322596. Other spicules were redrawn from the following publications: C— C. californiana (Carballo et al., 2004), D— C. celata (Hancock, 1867), E— C. delitrix (Pang, 1973), F— C. delitrix (Rose and Risk, 1985), G— C. dissimilis (Fromont et al., 2005), H— C. laticavicola laticavicola (Pang, 1973), I— C. laticavicola parvispiculata (Pang, 1973), J— C. ecaudis (Topsent, 1932), K— C. janitrix (Topsent, 1932), L— C. janitrix (Pang, 1973), M— C. janitrix (Rosell and Uriz, 2002), N— C. kempi (Annandale, 1915 a), O— C. macgeachii (Holmes, 2000), P— C. alderi (Hancock, 1849), Q— C. alderi (Rützler and Stone, 1986), R— C. insidiosa (Hancock, 1849), S— C. insidiosa (Rützler and Stone, 1986), T— C. millepunctata (Hancock, 1849), U— C. millepunctata (Rützler and Stone, 1986), V— C. peponaca (Pang, 1973), W— C. caesia (Schönberg, 2000). No images of C. arenosa were available. X – Z—Spicules of the other three species of bioeroding sponges found in sample QM G 322595. X— C. ensifera. Y— Aka sp., Z— C. cf. orientalis. All spicules to scale, scale bar 100 µm." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
K–M). With the exception of
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FD0FE766FCA1F8FD" box="[696,801,1840,1865]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kempi">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FD0FE766FCA1F8FD" box="[696,801,1840,1865]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. kempi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in which the colour has not been described, all the above species differ in colour from
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAD5734FD42E70EFC0FF8C5" box="[757,911,1880,1905]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FD42E70EFC0FF8C5" box="[757,911,1880,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAD5734FC2AE701FC7AF8C5" box="[925,1018,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAD5734FC2AE701FC7AF8C5" bold="true" box="[925,1018,1879,1905]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<tableCitation id="35284898FFAD5734FBBDE70EFBD6F8C6" box="[1034,1110,1880,1906]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of taxonomic characters between Cliona minuscula, sp. nov., 15 other clionaid sponges that have only tylostyles as their only skeletal elements, and the three other species of bioeroding sponges found in the holotype QM G 322595. Tylostyle dimensions are means of length x shaft width x tyle width in µm, where data are available. For Cliona ensifera tylostyle dimensions of the neck region are given as well. Where multiple characters are given, they are aligned with their respective references in the last column." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
), and to date none of them has been reported from the Great Barrier Reef (
<tableCitation id="35284898FFAC5735FC22E14AFC62FE82" box="[917,994,284,310]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of taxonomic characters between Cliona minuscula, sp. nov., 15 other clionaid sponges that have only tylostyles as their only skeletal elements, and the three other species of bioeroding sponges found in the holotype QM G 322595. Tylostyle dimensions are means of length x shaft width x tyle width in µm, where data are available. For Cliona ensifera tylostyle dimensions of the neck region are given as well. Where multiple characters are given, they are aligned with their respective references in the last column." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30B02EA8FFAC5737FE8FE112FAA9F8D7" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="description">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAC5735FE8FE112FE26FBB2" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
Tylostyle lengths of
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FDF5E112FCDFFEE9" box="[578,863,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FDF5E112FD36FEE9" box="[578,694,324,349]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alderi">C. alderi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FD7CE112FCDFFEE9" box="[715,863,324,349]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="insidiosa">C. insidiosa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FCC0E112FBC3FEE9" box="[887,1091,324,349]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="millepunctata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FCC0E112FBC3FEE9" box="[887,1091,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. millepunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FB3AE112FAABFEE9" box="[1165,1323,324,349]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="peponaca">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FB3AE112FAABFEE9" box="[1165,1323,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. peponaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
resemble those of
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FE55E13AFDFDFE31" box="[482,637,364,389]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FE55E13AFDFDFE31" box="[482,637,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAC5735FD3AE13DFD6CFE31" box="[653,748,363,389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FD3AE13DFD6CFE31" bold="true" box="[653,748,363,389]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(between 180 and 245 µm;
<figureCitation id="E09161A6FFAC5735FB8BE13AFB02FE32" box="[1084,1154,364,390]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1345,1369]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. tylostyles (A – B) in comparison to tylostyles of other species of the genus Cliona only containing tylostyles (C – Z). A—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322595. B—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322596. Other spicules were redrawn from the following publications: C— C. californiana (Carballo et al., 2004), D— C. celata (Hancock, 1867), E— C. delitrix (Pang, 1973), F— C. delitrix (Rose and Risk, 1985), G— C. dissimilis (Fromont et al., 2005), H— C. laticavicola laticavicola (Pang, 1973), I— C. laticavicola parvispiculata (Pang, 1973), J— C. ecaudis (Topsent, 1932), K— C. janitrix (Topsent, 1932), L— C. janitrix (Pang, 1973), M— C. janitrix (Rosell and Uriz, 2002), N— C. kempi (Annandale, 1915 a), O— C. macgeachii (Holmes, 2000), P— C. alderi (Hancock, 1849), Q— C. alderi (Rützler and Stone, 1986), R— C. insidiosa (Hancock, 1849), S— C. insidiosa (Rützler and Stone, 1986), T— C. millepunctata (Hancock, 1849), U— C. millepunctata (Rützler and Stone, 1986), V— C. peponaca (Pang, 1973), W— C. caesia (Schönberg, 2000). No images of C. arenosa were available. X – Z—Spicules of the other three species of bioeroding sponges found in sample QM G 322595. X— C. ensifera. Y— Aka sp., Z— C. cf. orientalis. All spicules to scale, scale bar 100 µm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
P–V), but the spicule shapes differ. Tylostyles are on average wider in
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FC76E1C2FB4FFE19" box="[961,1231,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FC76E1C2FBB0FE19" box="[961,1072,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alderi">C. alderi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FB88E1C2FB4FFE19" box="[1087,1231,404,429]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="insidiosa">C. insidiosa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FAA7E1C2FEFAFE61" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="peponaca">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FAA7E1C2FEFAFE61" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. peponaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than in
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FE6FE1EAFDF3FE61" box="[472,627,444,469]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FE6FE1EAFDF3FE61" box="[472,627,444,469]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FD36E1EDFD5EFE61" bold="true" box="[641,734,443,469]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAC5735FD36E1EDFD5EFE61" box="[641,734,443,469]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="E09161A6FFAC5735FD59E1EAFCB4FE62" box="[750,820,444,470]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1345,1369]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. tylostyles (A – B) in comparison to tylostyles of other species of the genus Cliona only containing tylostyles (C – Z). A—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322595. B—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322596. Other spicules were redrawn from the following publications: C— C. californiana (Carballo et al., 2004), D— C. celata (Hancock, 1867), E— C. delitrix (Pang, 1973), F— C. delitrix (Rose and Risk, 1985), G— C. dissimilis (Fromont et al., 2005), H— C. laticavicola laticavicola (Pang, 1973), I— C. laticavicola parvispiculata (Pang, 1973), J— C. ecaudis (Topsent, 1932), K— C. janitrix (Topsent, 1932), L— C. janitrix (Pang, 1973), M— C. janitrix (Rosell and Uriz, 2002), N— C. kempi (Annandale, 1915 a), O— C. macgeachii (Holmes, 2000), P— C. alderi (Hancock, 1849), Q— C. alderi (Rützler and Stone, 1986), R— C. insidiosa (Hancock, 1849), S— C. insidiosa (Rützler and Stone, 1986), T— C. millepunctata (Hancock, 1849), U— C. millepunctata (Rützler and Stone, 1986), V— C. peponaca (Pang, 1973), W— C. caesia (Schönberg, 2000). No images of C. arenosa were available. X – Z—Spicules of the other three species of bioeroding sponges found in sample QM G 322595. X— C. ensifera. Y— Aka sp., Z— C. cf. orientalis. All spicules to scale, scale bar 100 µm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
P–S and V), and more delicate and thinner in
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FE9EE1B2FE6FFE49" box="[297,495,484,509]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="millepunctata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FE9EE1B2FE6FFE49" box="[297,495,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. millepunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="E09161A6FFAC5735FDB6E1B2FDCAFE4A" box="[513,586,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1345,1369]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. tylostyles (A – B) in comparison to tylostyles of other species of the genus Cliona only containing tylostyles (C – Z). A—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322595. B—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322596. Other spicules were redrawn from the following publications: C— C. californiana (Carballo et al., 2004), D— C. celata (Hancock, 1867), E— C. delitrix (Pang, 1973), F— C. delitrix (Rose and Risk, 1985), G— C. dissimilis (Fromont et al., 2005), H— C. laticavicola laticavicola (Pang, 1973), I— C. laticavicola parvispiculata (Pang, 1973), J— C. ecaudis (Topsent, 1932), K— C. janitrix (Topsent, 1932), L— C. janitrix (Pang, 1973), M— C. janitrix (Rosell and Uriz, 2002), N— C. kempi (Annandale, 1915 a), O— C. macgeachii (Holmes, 2000), P— C. alderi (Hancock, 1849), Q— C. alderi (Rützler and Stone, 1986), R— C. insidiosa (Hancock, 1849), S— C. insidiosa (Rützler and Stone, 1986), T— C. millepunctata (Hancock, 1849), U— C. millepunctata (Rützler and Stone, 1986), V— C. peponaca (Pang, 1973), W— C. caesia (Schönberg, 2000). No images of C. arenosa were available. X – Z—Spicules of the other three species of bioeroding sponges found in sample QM G 322595. X— C. ensifera. Y— Aka sp., Z— C. cf. orientalis. All spicules to scale, scale bar 100 µm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
T–U). Due to seasonal spicule formation, spicule width may not be a reliable character (
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFAC5735FDE8E25AFC3FFD92" author="Schonberg" box="[607,959,524,550]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" refString="Schonberg, C. H. L. &amp; Barthel, D. (1997) Inorganic skeleton of the demosponge Halichondria panicea. Seasonality in spicule production in the Baltic Sea. Marine Biology, 130, 133 - 140." type="journal article" year="1997">
Schönberg and Barthel
<date id="0C145BE3FFAC5735FC33E25AFC3FFD92" box="[900,959,524,550]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1997" valueMax="1998">1997</date>
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFAC5735FBB5E25AFBC0FD92" author="Schonberg" box="[1026,1088,524,550]" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" refString="Schonberg, C. H. L. &amp; Barthel, D. (1998) Unreliability of demosponge skeletal characters: the example of Halichondria panicea. In: Watanabe Y. &amp; Fusetani N. (Ed.), Sponge sciences. Multidisciplinary perspectives. Springer Verlag, Tokyo, Japan, 41 - 53." type="book chapter" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
), but other spicule characters were found to differ as well.
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FD6EE262FCC1FDF9" box="[729,833,564,589]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alderi">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FD6EE262FCC1FDF9" box="[729,833,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. alderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FCCDE262FB8FFDF9" box="[890,1039,564,589]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="peponaca">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FCCDE262FB8FFDF9" box="[890,1039,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. peponaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
display significant tylar variability, with subterminal and displaced, spherical tyles and modifications to styles (
<figureCitation id="E09161A6FFAC5735FEA6E2D2FED8FD2A" box="[273,344,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1345,1369]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. tylostyles (A – B) in comparison to tylostyles of other species of the genus Cliona only containing tylostyles (C – Z). A—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322595. B—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322596. Other spicules were redrawn from the following publications: C— C. californiana (Carballo et al., 2004), D— C. celata (Hancock, 1867), E— C. delitrix (Pang, 1973), F— C. delitrix (Rose and Risk, 1985), G— C. dissimilis (Fromont et al., 2005), H— C. laticavicola laticavicola (Pang, 1973), I— C. laticavicola parvispiculata (Pang, 1973), J— C. ecaudis (Topsent, 1932), K— C. janitrix (Topsent, 1932), L— C. janitrix (Pang, 1973), M— C. janitrix (Rosell and Uriz, 2002), N— C. kempi (Annandale, 1915 a), O— C. macgeachii (Holmes, 2000), P— C. alderi (Hancock, 1849), Q— C. alderi (Rützler and Stone, 1986), R— C. insidiosa (Hancock, 1849), S— C. insidiosa (Rützler and Stone, 1986), T— C. millepunctata (Hancock, 1849), U— C. millepunctata (Rützler and Stone, 1986), V— C. peponaca (Pang, 1973), W— C. caesia (Schönberg, 2000). No images of C. arenosa were available. X – Z—Spicules of the other three species of bioeroding sponges found in sample QM G 322595. X— C. ensifera. Y— Aka sp., Z— C. cf. orientalis. All spicules to scale, scale bar 100 µm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
P–Q and V). Tylostyle shafts are slightly curved in both species. Tyle shape in
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FAA7E2D2FEF2FD71" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="insidiosa">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FAA7E2D2FEF2FD71" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. insidiosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very characteristic (
<figureCitation id="E09161A6FFAC5735FD22E2FAFD5BFD72" box="[661,731,684,710]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1345,1369]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. tylostyles (A – B) in comparison to tylostyles of other species of the genus Cliona only containing tylostyles (C – Z). A—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322595. B—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322596. Other spicules were redrawn from the following publications: C— C. californiana (Carballo et al., 2004), D— C. celata (Hancock, 1867), E— C. delitrix (Pang, 1973), F— C. delitrix (Rose and Risk, 1985), G— C. dissimilis (Fromont et al., 2005), H— C. laticavicola laticavicola (Pang, 1973), I— C. laticavicola parvispiculata (Pang, 1973), J— C. ecaudis (Topsent, 1932), K— C. janitrix (Topsent, 1932), L— C. janitrix (Pang, 1973), M— C. janitrix (Rosell and Uriz, 2002), N— C. kempi (Annandale, 1915 a), O— C. macgeachii (Holmes, 2000), P— C. alderi (Hancock, 1849), Q— C. alderi (Rützler and Stone, 1986), R— C. insidiosa (Hancock, 1849), S— C. insidiosa (Rützler and Stone, 1986), T— C. millepunctata (Hancock, 1849), U— C. millepunctata (Rützler and Stone, 1986), V— C. peponaca (Pang, 1973), W— C. caesia (Schönberg, 2000). No images of C. arenosa were available. X – Z—Spicules of the other three species of bioeroding sponges found in sample QM G 322595. X— C. ensifera. Y— Aka sp., Z— C. cf. orientalis. All spicules to scale, scale bar 100 µm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
R–S; ‘heads distally flattened’,
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFAC5735FBEFE2FAFEC6FD5A" author="Rutzler" pageId="9" pageNumber="23" refString="Rutzler, K. &amp; Stone, S. M. (1986) Discovery and significance of Albany Hancock's microscope preparations of excavating sponges (Porifera: Hadromerida: Clionidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 99, 658 - 675." type="journal article" year="1986">Rützler and Stone 1986</bibRefCitation>
), with an angular constriction in the neck region. In
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FC75E282FB07FD59" box="[962,1159,724,749]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="millepunctata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FC75E282FB07FD59" box="[962,1159,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. millepunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the tylostyle shaft is more curved than in
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FDE2E2AAFD70FCA1" box="[597,752,764,789]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FDE2E2AAFD70FCA1" box="[597,752,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAC5735FD49E2AAFCDCFCA2" box="[766,860,764,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FD49E2AAFCDCFCA2" bold="true" box="[766,860,764,790]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and can be sinous (
<figureCitation id="E09161A6FFAC5735FBFDE2AAFB10FCA2" box="[1098,1168,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1345,1369]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. tylostyles (A – B) in comparison to tylostyles of other species of the genus Cliona only containing tylostyles (C – Z). A—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322595. B—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322596. Other spicules were redrawn from the following publications: C— C. californiana (Carballo et al., 2004), D— C. celata (Hancock, 1867), E— C. delitrix (Pang, 1973), F— C. delitrix (Rose and Risk, 1985), G— C. dissimilis (Fromont et al., 2005), H— C. laticavicola laticavicola (Pang, 1973), I— C. laticavicola parvispiculata (Pang, 1973), J— C. ecaudis (Topsent, 1932), K— C. janitrix (Topsent, 1932), L— C. janitrix (Pang, 1973), M— C. janitrix (Rosell and Uriz, 2002), N— C. kempi (Annandale, 1915 a), O— C. macgeachii (Holmes, 2000), P— C. alderi (Hancock, 1849), Q— C. alderi (Rützler and Stone, 1986), R— C. insidiosa (Hancock, 1849), S— C. insidiosa (Rützler and Stone, 1986), T— C. millepunctata (Hancock, 1849), U— C. millepunctata (Rützler and Stone, 1986), V— C. peponaca (Pang, 1973), W— C. caesia (Schönberg, 2000). No images of C. arenosa were available. X – Z—Spicules of the other three species of bioeroding sponges found in sample QM G 322595. X— C. ensifera. Y— Aka sp., Z— C. cf. orientalis. All spicules to scale, scale bar 100 µm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
T–U). These characters are atypical for
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FDDFE372FC8DFC89" box="[616,781,804,829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FDDFE372FC8DFC89" box="[616,781,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAC5735FC91E372FC0EFC8A" box="[806,910,804,830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FC91E372FC0EFC8A" bold="true" box="[806,910,804,830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FC17E372FB42FC89" box="[928,1218,804,829]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FC17E372FB96FC89" box="[928,1046,804,829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alderi">C. alderi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FB9BE372FB42FC89" box="[1068,1218,804,829]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="insidiosa">C. insidiosa</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FAA7E372FE29FCD1" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="millepunctata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FAA7E372FE29FCD1" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. millepunctata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be brown like
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FD28E31AFCBCFCD1" box="[671,828,844,869]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FD28E31AFCBCFCD1" box="[671,828,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAC5735FCFAE31AFC2DFCD2" box="[845,941,844,870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FCFAE31AFC2DFCD2" bold="true" box="[845,941,844,870]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(only dried colours are known;
<tableCitation id="35284898FFAC5735FEBFE322FED6FC3A" box="[264,342,884,910]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of taxonomic characters between Cliona minuscula, sp. nov., 15 other clionaid sponges that have only tylostyles as their only skeletal elements, and the three other species of bioeroding sponges found in the holotype QM G 322595. Tylostyle dimensions are means of length x shaft width x tyle width in µm, where data are available. For Cliona ensifera tylostyle dimensions of the neck region are given as well. Where multiple characters are given, they are aligned with their respective references in the last column." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
), but they are likely to be European species (Hancock’s species are mostly from
<collectingCountry id="00BD3DB3FFAC5735FEBFE3CAFEEEFC02" box="[264,366,924,950]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">England</collectingCountry>
), which further reduces the chance of conspecifity with
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FBB7E3CAFB1BFC01" box="[1024,1179,924,949]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FBB7E3CAFB1BFC01" box="[1024,1179,924,949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAC5735FB1DE3CAFA88FC02" box="[1194,1288,924,950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FB1DE3CAFA88FC02" bold="true" box="[1194,1288,924,950]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FAA7E3CAFEFAFC69" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="peponaca">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FAA7E3CAFEFAFC69" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. peponaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a richly yellow Caribbean species and clearly distinct from
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FBEAE392FB78FC69" box="[1117,1272,964,989]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FBEAE392FB78FC69" box="[1117,1272,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAC5735FAB0E392FEBBFBB2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FAB0E392FEBBFBB2" bold="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<tableCitation id="35284898FFAC5735FEFCE3BAFE18FBB2" box="[331,408,1004,1030]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of taxonomic characters between Cliona minuscula, sp. nov., 15 other clionaid sponges that have only tylostyles as their only skeletal elements, and the three other species of bioeroding sponges found in the holotype QM G 322595. Tylostyle dimensions are means of length x shaft width x tyle width in µm, where data are available. For Cliona ensifera tylostyle dimensions of the neck region are given as well. Where multiple characters are given, they are aligned with their respective references in the last column." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAC5735FE8FE442FE6CFABA" blockId="9.[264,1323,284,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FE8FE442FE25FB99" box="[312,421,1044,1069]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FE8FE442FE25FB99" box="[312,421,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. caesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares a number of characters with
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FCFDE442FC6BFB99" box="[842,1003,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FCFDE442FC67FB99" box="[842,999,1044,1069]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">C. minuscula</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAC5735FC44E442FBD0FB9A" box="[1011,1104,1044,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FC44E442FBD0FB9A" bold="true" box="[1011,1104,1044,1070]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
Both species have been sampled from the same site, have very small papillae and erosion chambers, are dark brown, contain symbiotic dinoflagellates, and have predominantly straight tylostyles (
<tableCitation id="35284898FFAC5735FB41E409FE99FB2A" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of taxonomic characters between Cliona minuscula, sp. nov., 15 other clionaid sponges that have only tylostyles as their only skeletal elements, and the three other species of bioeroding sponges found in the holotype QM G 322595. Tylostyle dimensions are means of length x shaft width x tyle width in µm, where data are available. For Cliona ensifera tylostyle dimensions of the neck region are given as well. Where multiple characters are given, they are aligned with their respective references in the last column." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
). However, in
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FE6EE4D2FDCDFB29" box="[473,589,1156,1181]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FE6EE4D2FDCDFB29" box="[473,589,1156,1181]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. caesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tylostyles are longer on average, tyles are distinctly more spherical and often wider than long (
<figureCitation id="E09161A6FFAC5735FD05E4FFFD77FB77" box="[690,759,1193,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[264,368,1345,1369]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. tylostyles (A – B) in comparison to tylostyles of other species of the genus Cliona only containing tylostyles (C – Z). A—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322595. B—Tylostyles from Cliona minuscula, sp. nov. specimen QM G 322596. Other spicules were redrawn from the following publications: C— C. californiana (Carballo et al., 2004), D— C. celata (Hancock, 1867), E— C. delitrix (Pang, 1973), F— C. delitrix (Rose and Risk, 1985), G— C. dissimilis (Fromont et al., 2005), H— C. laticavicola laticavicola (Pang, 1973), I— C. laticavicola parvispiculata (Pang, 1973), J— C. ecaudis (Topsent, 1932), K— C. janitrix (Topsent, 1932), L— C. janitrix (Pang, 1973), M— C. janitrix (Rosell and Uriz, 2002), N— C. kempi (Annandale, 1915 a), O— C. macgeachii (Holmes, 2000), P— C. alderi (Hancock, 1849), Q— C. alderi (Rützler and Stone, 1986), R— C. insidiosa (Hancock, 1849), S— C. insidiosa (Rützler and Stone, 1986), T— C. millepunctata (Hancock, 1849), U— C. millepunctata (Rützler and Stone, 1986), V— C. peponaca (Pang, 1973), W— C. caesia (Schönberg, 2000). No images of C. arenosa were available. X – Z—Spicules of the other three species of bioeroding sponges found in sample QM G 322595. X— C. ensifera. Y— Aka sp., Z— C. cf. orientalis. All spicules to scale, scale bar 100 µm." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
W). Furthermore,
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FC65E4FFFBBEFB76" box="[978,1086,1193,1218]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FC65E4FFFBBEFB76" box="[978,1086,1193,1218]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. caesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two size classes of tylostyles and light blue rings on extended papillae (
<tableCitation id="35284898FFAC5735FC3DE499FC56FB5D" box="[906,982,1231,1257]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 2. Comparison of taxonomic characters between Cliona minuscula, sp. nov., 15 other clionaid sponges that have only tylostyles as their only skeletal elements, and the three other species of bioeroding sponges found in the holotype QM G 322595. Tylostyle dimensions are means of length x shaft width x tyle width in µm, where data are available. For Cliona ensifera tylostyle dimensions of the neck region are given as well. Where multiple characters are given, they are aligned with their respective references in the last column." pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Tab. 2</tableCitation>
), which is not the case for
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FAA7E499FE00FAB9" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FAA7E499FE00FAB9" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FE38E4A2FE6CFABA" bold="true" box="[399,492,1268,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAC5735FE38E4A2FE6CFABA" box="[399,492,1268,1294]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="2CD52DABFFAC5735FEBFE517FD01F889" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAC5735FEBFE517FD01F889" blockId="9.[264,1323,1345,1853]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FEBFE517FE0FFAED" bold="true" box="[264,399,1345,1369]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FE2CE514FDDDFAED" box="[411,605,1346,1369]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FE2CE514FDDDFAED" box="[411,605,1346,1369]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cliona minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAC5735FDD8E517FD4AFAED" box="[623,714,1345,1369]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FDD8E517FD4AFAED" bold="true" box="[623,714,1345,1369]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
tylostyles (A–B) in comparison to tylostyles of other species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FDBCE532FDD3FACF" box="[523,595,1380,1403]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FDBCE532FDD3FACF" box="[523,595,1380,1403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only containing tylostyles (C–Z). A—Tylostyles from
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FB55E532FEF5FA2A" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FB55E532FEF5FA2A" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cliona minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FE3EE5D0FE65FA2A" bold="true" box="[393,485,1414,1438]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAC5735FE3EE5D0FE65FA2A" box="[393,485,1414,1438]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
specimen QM G322595. B—Tylostyles from
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FC4EE5D1FB3BFA2A" box="[1017,1211,1415,1438]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FC4EE5D1FB3BFA2A" box="[1017,1211,1415,1438]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Cliona minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAC5735FB78E5D0FAABFA2A" box="[1231,1323,1414,1438]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FB78E5D0FAABFA2A" bold="true" box="[1231,1323,1414,1438]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
specimen QM G322596. Other spicules were redrawn from the following publications: C—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FAA5E5FCFD0BFA57" authority="Carballo et al., 2004" authorityName="Carballo et al." authorityYear="2004" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="californiana">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FAA5E5FCFE0CFA57" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. californiana</emphasis>
(Carballo
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FDB4E59AFDBAFA57" box="[515,570,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
, 2004)
</taxonomicName>
, D—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FD72E59AFC69FA57" authority="Hancock, 1867" authorityName="Hancock" authorityYear="1867" box="[709,1001,1484,1507]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FD72E59AFCA7FA57" box="[709,807,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. celata</emphasis>
(Hancock, 1867)
</taxonomicName>
, E—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FB96E59AFAA6FA57" authority="Pang, 1973" authorityName="Pang" authorityYear="1973" box="[1057,1318,1484,1507]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="delitrix">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FB96E59AFB0FFA57" box="[1057,1167,1484,1507]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. delitrix</emphasis>
(Pang, 1973)
</taxonomicName>
, F—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FE85E5B9FD1AF9B1" authority="Rose and Risk, 1985" authorityName="Rose and Risk" authorityYear="1985" box="[306,666,1518,1542]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="delitrix">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FE85E5B9FE1FF9B2" box="[306,415,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. delitrix</emphasis>
(Rose and Risk, 1985)
</taxonomicName>
, G—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FD63E5B9FBD3F9B1" authority="Fromont et al., 2005" authorityName="Fromont et al." authorityYear="2005" box="[724,1107,1518,1542]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FD63E5B9FCD9F9B2" box="[724,857,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. dissimilis</emphasis>
(Fromont
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FC7AE5B9FB84F9B2" box="[973,1028,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">et al.</emphasis>
, 2005)
</taxonomicName>
, H—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FB3BE5B9FD9AF99C" authority="Pang, 1973" authorityName="Pang" authorityYear="1973" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="laticavicola" subSpecies="laticavicola">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FB3BE5B9FE06F99D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. laticavicola laticavicola</emphasis>
(Pang, 1973)
</taxonomicName>
, I—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FDFDE644FB9DF99C" authority="Pang, 1973" authorityName="Pang" authorityYear="1973" box="[586,1053,1553,1577]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="subSpecies" species="laticavicola" subSpecies="parvispiculata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FDFDE644FC09F99D" box="[586,905,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. laticavicola parvispiculata</emphasis>
(Pang, 1973)
</taxonomicName>
, J—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FBF9E644FEC9F9FF" authority="Topsent, 1932" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1932" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ecaudis">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FBF9E644FB3FF99D" box="[1102,1215,1554,1577]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. ecaudis</emphasis>
(Topsent, 1932)
</taxonomicName>
, K—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FE32E662FD2EF9FF" authority="Topsent, 1932" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1932" box="[389,686,1588,1611]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="janitrix">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FE32E662FE75F9FF" box="[389,501,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. janitrix</emphasis>
(Topsent, 1932)
</taxonomicName>
, L—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FD50E662FC71F9FF" authority="Pang, 1973" authorityName="Pang" authorityYear="1973" box="[743,1009,1588,1611]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="janitrix">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FD50E662FCD8F9FF" box="[743,856,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. janitrix</emphasis>
(Pang, 1973)
</taxonomicName>
, M—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FB85E662FE08F9D9" authority="Rosell and Uriz, 2002" authorityName="Rosell and Uriz" authorityYear="2002" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="janitrix">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FB85E662FB22F9FF" box="[1074,1186,1588,1611]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. janitrix</emphasis>
(Rosell and Uriz, 2002)
</taxonomicName>
, N—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FE74E601FC86F9D9" authority="(Annandale, 1915a)" baseAuthorityName="Annandale" baseAuthorityYear="1915" box="[451,774,1622,1646]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kempi">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FE74E601FDA4F9DA" box="[451,548,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. kempi</emphasis>
(Annandale, 1915a)
</taxonomicName>
, O—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FCF6E601FB13F9D9" authority="Holmes, 2000" authorityName="Holmes" authorityYear="2000" box="[833,1171,1622,1646]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="macgeachii">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FCF6E601FC5EF9DA" box="[833,990,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. macgeachii</emphasis>
(Holmes, 2000)
</taxonomicName>
, P—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FB7EE601FE3DF924" authority="Hancock, 1849" authorityName="Hancock" authorityYear="1849" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alderi">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FB7EE601FAABF9DA" box="[1225,1323,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. alderi</emphasis>
(Hancock, 1849)
</taxonomicName>
, Q—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FE42E62CFCEEF924" authority="Rutzler and Stone, 1986" authorityName="Rutzler and Stone" authorityYear="1986" box="[501,878,1657,1681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alderi">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FE42E62CFDD4F925" box="[501,596,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. alderi</emphasis>
(Rützler and Stone, 1986)
</taxonomicName>
, R—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FC13E62CFB5EF924" authority="Hancock, 1849" authorityName="Hancock" authorityYear="1849" box="[932,1246,1657,1681]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="insidiosa">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FC13E62CFBA3F925" box="[932,1059,1658,1681]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. insidiosa</emphasis>
(Hancock, 1849)
</taxonomicName>
, S—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FAA5E62CFD0EF907" authority="Rutzler and Stone, 1986" authorityName="Rutzler and Stone" authorityYear="1986" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="insidiosa">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FAA5E62CFEE8F907" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. insidiosa</emphasis>
(Rützler and Stone, 1986)
</taxonomicName>
, T—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FD71E6CAFBBBF907" authority="Hancock, 1849" authorityName="Hancock" authorityYear="1849" box="[710,1083,1692,1715]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="millepunctata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FD71E6CAFCFBF907" box="[710,891,1692,1715]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. millepunctata</emphasis>
(Hancock, 1849)
</taxonomicName>
, U—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FBC1E6CAFDA5F961" authority="Rutzler and Stone, 1986" authorityName="Rutzler and Stone" authorityYear="1986" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="millepunctata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FBC1E6CAFAAAF907" box="[1142,1322,1692,1715]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. millepunctata</emphasis>
(Rützler and Stone, 1986)
</taxonomicName>
, V—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FDD7E6E9FC02F961" authority="Pang, 1973" authorityName="Pang" authorityYear="1973" box="[608,898,1726,1750]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="peponaca">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FDD7E6E9FD6AF962" box="[608,746,1727,1750]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. peponaca</emphasis>
(Pang, 1973)
</taxonomicName>
, W—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FC74E6E9FB7EF961" authority="Schonberg, 2000" authorityName="Schonberg" authorityYear="2000" box="[963,1278,1726,1750]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FC74E6E9FBA8F962" box="[963,1064,1727,1750]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. caesia</emphasis>
(Schönberg, 2000)
</taxonomicName>
. No images of
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FE36E6B4FE7AF94D" box="[385,506,1762,1785]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arenosa">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FE36E6B4FE7AF94D" box="[385,506,1762,1785]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C. arenosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were available. X–Z—Spicules of the other three species of bioeroding sponges found in sample QM G322595. X—
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FCB7E752FC01F8AF" box="[768,897,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FCB7E752FCFCF8AF" box="[768,892,1796,1819]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ensifera">C. ensifera</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Y—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FC0FE752FC62F8AF" box="[952,994,1796,1819]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Aka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FC0FE752FC62F8AF" box="[952,994,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Aka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp., Z—
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAC5735FBF0E752FB77F8AF" box="[1095,1271,1796,1819]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FBF0E752FBE0F8AF" box="[1095,1120,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">C.</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAC5735FB26E752FB77F8AF" box="[1169,1271,1796,1819]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. All spicules to scale, scale bar 100 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="2CD52DABFFAE5737FEBFE14DFCF8FE54" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBFE14DFCF8FE54" blockId="11.[264,1323,283,480]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FEBFE14DFEFFFE87" bold="true" box="[264,383,283,307]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Comparison of taxonomic characters between
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAE5737FC27E14AFBD0FE87" box="[912,1104,284,307]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FC27E14AFBD0FE87" box="[912,1104,284,307]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cliona minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FBD4E14DFB3CFE87" bold="true" box="[1123,1212,283,307]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAE5737FBD4E14DFB3CFE87" box="[1123,1212,283,307]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, 15 other clionaid sponges that have only tylostyles as their only skeletal elements, and the three other species of bioeroding sponges found in the holotype QM G322595. Tylostyle dimensions are means of length x shaft width x tyle width in µm, where data are available. For
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAE5737FB97E1D2FB47FE2F" box="[1056,1223,388,411]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ensifera">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FB97E1D2FB47FE2F" box="[1056,1223,388,411]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cliona ensifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
tylostyle dimensions of the neck region are given as well. Where multiple characters are given, they are aligned with their respective references in the last column.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE257FAA0FDAC" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,1312,513,536]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Species Colour Growth Tylostyle Tylostyle Macrosco­ Occurrence References</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FDA3E277FB96FD8C" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[532,1046,545,568]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">form, dimensions form pic erosion</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FDA3E217FC5FFDEC" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[532,991,577,600]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">papillae [m] traces</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FC17E237FB98FDCC" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[928,1048,609,632]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(chambers)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE2DAFB76FD17" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,1270,652,675]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAE5737FEBCE2DAFED4FD17" box="[267,340,652,675]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FEBCE2DAFED4FD17" box="[267,340,652,675]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
brown 225.3 x 4.5 shaft +/­ multi­ Orpheus present
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE2FAFB63FD77" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,1251,684,707]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAE5737FEBCE2FAFEF8FD77" box="[267,376,684,707]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FEBCE2FAFEF8FD77" box="[267,376,684,707]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, (contains
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFAE5737FDA3E2FAFDE6FD77" box="[532,614,684,707]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.4 mm</quantity>
x 6.8 straight camerate,
<collectingCountry id="00BD3DB3FFAE5737FB92E2FAFBE9FD77" box="[1061,1129,684,707]" name="Iceland" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Island</collectingCountry>
, study
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE29DFBD7FCF7" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FEBCE29DFEE0FD57" bold="true" box="[267,352,715,739]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sp. nov.</emphasis>
zooxan­ evenly (N =
<date id="0C145BE3FFAE5737FD67E29AFD71FD57" box="[720,753,716,739]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">2 x</date>
tyles chamber central thellae) dispersed 50) terminal form Great mainly oval spherical Barrier
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFAE5737FC17E37AFC72FCF7" box="[928,1010,812,835]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="0.6">0.6 mm</quantity>
Reef
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE300FAA3FCD9" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,1315,854,878]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
Species from the
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAE5737FE75E301FDA1FCDA" box="[450,545,855,878]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FE75E301FDA1FCDA" box="[450,545,855,878]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. celata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex that have yellow to orange colours and mostly longer tylostyles
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE320FAA3FC39" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,1315,886,910]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
and larger erosion chambers than
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAE5737FDC6E321FD7DFC3A" box="[625,765,887,910]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FDC6E321FD7DFC3A" box="[625,765,887,910]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FCBDE320FCDFFC3A" bold="true" box="[778,863,886,910]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAE5737FCBDE320FCDFFC3A" box="[778,863,886,910]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Most species of this complex can occur in
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE3C0FD85FC19" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,517,918,941]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">different growth forms.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE394FA82FC6C" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,1282,961,985]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAE5737FEBCE394FED4FC6D" box="[267,340,962,985]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FEBCE394FED4FC6D" box="[267,340,962,985]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
brown? tylostyles? Florida, N Schmidt
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE3B4FB5EFC4C" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,1246,993,1017]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAE5737FEBCE3B4FEE0FC4D" box="[267,352,994,1017]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arenosa">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FEBCE3B4FEE0FC4D" box="[267,352,994,1017]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">arenosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when dry Atlantic 1870
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE457FE72FBAC" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,498,1025,1048]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(Schmidt, (incorpo­</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE477FE42FB8C" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,450,1057,1080]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1870) rates</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FE38E417FD83FBEC" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[399,515,1089,1112]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">sediments)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE43AFB1DFB37" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,1181,1132,1155]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAE5737FEBCE43AFED4FB37" box="[267,340,1132,1155]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FEBCE43AFED4FB37" box="[267,340,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yellow to 256 x 7.8 x tylostyles?
<collectingCountry id="00BD3DB3FFAE5737FB92E43AFBF6FB37" box="[1061,1142,1132,1155]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Mexico</collectingCountry>
, W
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE4DAFA80FB17" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,1280,1164,1187]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FEBCE4DAFEF0FB17" box="[267,368,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">californi­</emphasis>
brownish, papillar 8.3 with Pacific
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FB1EE4DAFB45FB17" box="[1193,1221,1164,1187]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">al.</emphasis>
2004
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE4FAFC1AFB77" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,922,1196,1219]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FEBCE4FAFEB3FB77" box="[267,307,1196,1219]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ana</emphasis>
pale yellow openings subterminal
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE49AFCCEFB57" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,846,1228,1251]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">(de or brown in 0.2–3.4 tyles</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE4BAFDBEFAB7" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,574,1260,1283]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Laubenfels, alcohol mm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE55AFECAFA97" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,330,1292,1315]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1932)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE561FA86FAF9" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,1286,1334,1358]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAE5737FEBCE561FED4FAFA" box="[267,340,1335,1358]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FEBCE561FED4FAFA" box="[267,340,1335,1358]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yellow­ 323 x 9.1 tyles multi­ cosmo­ Hartman
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE501FB5EFAD9" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,1246,1366,1390]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAE5737FEBCE501FECCFADA" box="[267,332,1367,1390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FEBCE501FECCFADA" box="[267,332,1367,1390]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">celata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
orange papillar subterminal camerate, politan 1958
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE520FA90FA39" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,1296,1398,1421]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFAE5737FEBCE520FE0AFA39" author="Grant" box="[267,394,1398,1421]" pageId="11" pageNumber="21" refString="Grant, R. E. (1826) Notice of a new zoophyte (Cliona celata Gr.) from the Firth of Forth. Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, 1826, 78 - 81." type="journal article" year="1826">Grant, 1826</bibRefCitation>
openings&gt; 287 x 8.1 and with with Bergquist
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FDA3E5C0FC79F9B9" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFAE5737FDA3E5C0FDD1FA19" box="[532,593,1430,1453]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
vesicles, relatively 1968 254
<date id="0C145BE3FFAE5737FD71E5E0FD68FA79" box="[710,744,1462,1485]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">x 7</date>
can contain large Rosell and raphides? chambers
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFAE5737FB1EE580FA94FA59" author="Uriz" box="[1193,1300,1494,1517]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="Rosell, D. &amp; Uriz, M. J. (2002) Excavating and endolithic sponge species (Porifera) from the Mediterranean: species descriptions and identification key: Organism Diversity and Evolution, 2, 55 - 86." type="journal article" year="2002">
Uriz
<date id="0C145BE3FFAE5737FB68E580FA94FA59" box="[1247,1300,1494,1517]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2002-08-01">2002</date>
</bibRefCitation>
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFAE5737FC17E5A0FC79F9B9" box="[928,1017,1526,1549]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="1.0">1–8 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE677FA9AF98C" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,1306,1569,1592]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAE5737FEBCE677FED3F98C" box="[267,339,1569,1592]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FEBCE677FED3F98C" box="[267,339,1569,1592]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
orange­red 279 x 8.9 shafts +/­ multi­ Caribbean
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFAE5737FB1EE677FA9AF98C" author="Pang" box="[1193,1306,1569,1592]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="Pang, R. K. (1973) The systematics of some Jamaican excavating sponges (Porifera). Postilla of the Peabody Museum of the Yale University, 161, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1973">Pang 1973</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE617FA8BF9EC" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[267,1291,1601,1624]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAE5737FEBCE617FED8F9EC" box="[267,344,1601,1624]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="delitrix">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FEBCE617FED8F9EC" box="[267,344,1601,1624]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">delitrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(commen­ large 325 x 10.1 straight, camerate, Rose and
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FEBCE637FB92F96C" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFAE5737FEBCE637FE02F9CC" author="Pang" box="[267,386,1633,1656]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="Pang, R. K. (1973) The systematics of some Jamaican excavating sponges (Porifera). Postilla of the Peabody Museum of the Yale University, 161, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1973">Pang, 1973</bibRefCitation>
salism with papillae tyles chambers 4
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFAE5737FB1EE637FA95F9CC" author="Risk" box="[1193,1301,1633,1656]" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" refString="Rose C. S. &amp; Risk M. J. (1985) Increase in Cliona delitrix infestation of Montastrea cavernosa heads on an organically polluted portion of the Grand Cayman fringing reef. Marine Ecology, 6, 345 - 363." type="journal article" year="1985">Risk 1985</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FE38E6D7FE7FF92C" box="[399,511,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Parazoan­</emphasis>
subtermi­ mm, Lehnert
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FE38E6F7FE3CF90C" box="[399,444,1697,1720]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">thus</emphasis>
nal, oval elongated­ 1993
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FE38E697FE5CF96C" box="[399,476,1729,1752]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">parasi­</emphasis>
cylindrical
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FE38E6B7FB98F94C" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[399,1048,1761,1784]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAE5737FE38E6B7FE42F94C" box="[399,450,1761,1784]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">ticus</emphasis>
) penetration
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FC17E757FB97F8AC" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[928,1047,1793,1816]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">depth 3–12</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FC17E777FC41F88C" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[928,961,1825,1848]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">cm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAE5737FBCAE71AFAA9F8D7" blockId="11.[267,1321,513,1891]" box="[1149,1321,1868,1891]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">to be continued.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="2CD52DABFFA95730FEBCE175FD80FE8F" box="[267,512,291,315]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FEBCE175FD80FE8F" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[267,512,291,315]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FEBCE175FEF7FE8F" bold="true" box="[267,375,291,315]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TABLE 2</emphasis>
(continued).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="30B02EA8FFA95730FEBCE119FA94FDB1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FEBCE119FB5EFE51" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA95730FEBCE119FED4FED2" box="[267,340,335,358]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FEBCE119FED4FED2" box="[267,340,335,358]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
orange tyles multi­ Arafura Ridley and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA95730FEBCE139FEEFFE32" box="[267,367,367,390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="dissimilis">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FEBCE139FEEFFE32" box="[267,367,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">dissimilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
light brown up to
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFA95730FDE7E138FD0EFE31" box="[592,654,366,389]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
subtermi­ camerate, Sea Dendy Ridley &amp; in alcohol nal, with spherical, 1886 Dendy, vesicles in regular
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA95730FB1EE1F8FEC0FE51" author="Ridley" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H. M. S. ' Challenger'. Annals and Magazine of Natural History series 5, 18: 325 - 351, 470 - 493." type="book chapter" year="1886">Ridley 1886</bibRefCitation>
distribu­
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA95730FB1EE198FB5EFE51" author="Ridley" box="[1193,1246,462,485]" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" refString="Ridley, S. O. &amp; Dendy, A. (1887) Report on the scientific results of the voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. In: Thomson, C. W. (Ed.), Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Zoology 20. Pp. 227 - 229, Fig. 5." type="journal article" year="1887">1887</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FD2FE1B8FA94FDB1" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[664,1300,494,517]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">245–325 x tion, Western Hentschel</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30B02EA8FFA95731FD2FE258FAA9F8B1" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="description">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FD2FE258FAA2FD92" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[664,1314,526,550]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
6–9
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFA95730FC17E258FC79FD91" box="[928,1017,526,549]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
<collectingCountry id="00BD3DB3FFA95730FB92E258FB07FD91" box="[1061,1159,526,549]" name="Australia" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Australia</collectingCountry>
1909 (as
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FABDE259FAA2FD92" box="[1290,1314,527,550]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FB1EE279FB73FDF1" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[1193,1267,558,582]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA95730FB1EE279FB6AFDF2" box="[1193,1258,559,582]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FB1EE279FB6AFDF2" box="[1193,1258,559,582]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">celata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FD2FE218FA9FFDD2" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[664,1311,590,614]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
253 x 6.8 x Fromont
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FABBE219FA9FFDD2" box="[1292,1311,591,614]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FD2FE238FA80FD31" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[664,1280,622,646]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
7.8
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FB1EE239FB45FD32" box="[1193,1221,623,646]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">al.</emphasis>
2005
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FEBCE2CCFC7BFD64" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA95730FEBCE2CCFED4FD05" box="[267,340,666,689]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FEBCE2CCFED4FD05" box="[267,340,666,689]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
orange 349 x 10.2 shafts +/­ large Caribbean
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA95730FB1EE2CFFA9AFD04" author="Pang" box="[1193,1306,665,688]" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" refString="Pang, R. K. (1973) The systematics of some Jamaican excavating sponges (Porifera). Postilla of the Peabody Museum of the Yale University, 161, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1973">Pang 1973</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA95730FEBCE2ECFE09FD65" box="[267,393,698,721]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laticavicola">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FEBCE2ECFE09FD65" box="[267,393,698,721]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">laticavicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
2.5–2.8 straight, galleries
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FEBCE28CFC62FD44" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[267,994,729,753]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA95730FEBCE28CFE09FD45" box="[267,393,730,753]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laticavicola">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FEBCE28CFE09FD45" box="[267,393,730,753]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">laticavicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mm, tyles with a
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FEBCE2AFFB9CFCA4" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[267,1052,761,784]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA95730FEBCE2AFFE02FCA4" author="Pang" box="[267,386,761,784]" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" refString="Pang, R. K. (1973) The systematics of some Jamaican excavating sponges (Porifera). Postilla of the Peabody Museum of the Yale University, 161, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1973">Pang, 1973</bibRefCitation>
tend to fuse subterminal diameter up
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FCABE34FFB87FC84" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[796,1031,793,816]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
or further to
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFA95730FC0BE34FFB87FC84" box="[956,1031,793,816]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FCABE36FFC01FCE4" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[796,897,825,848]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">displaced</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FEBCE332FC7BFC2F" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA95730FEBCE332FED3FCCF" box="[267,339,868,891]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FEBCE332FED3FCCF" box="[267,339,868,891]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
orange 279 x 7.3 shafts +/­ large Caribbean
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA95730FB1EE332FA9AFCCF" author="Pang" box="[1193,1306,868,891]" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" refString="Pang, R. K. (1973) The systematics of some Jamaican excavating sponges (Porifera). Postilla of the Peabody Museum of the Yale University, 161, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1973">Pang 1973</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA95730FEBCE3D2FE09FC2F" box="[267,393,900,923]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laticavicola">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FEBCE3D2FE09FC2F" box="[267,393,900,923]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">laticavicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
2.2–2.5 straight, galleries
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FEBCE3F2FC62FC0F" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[267,994,932,955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FEBCE3F2FED2FC0F" box="[267,338,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">parva­</emphasis>
mm, do not tyles with a
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FEBCE392FB9CFC6F" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[267,1052,964,987]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FEBCE392FEEDFC6F" box="[267,365,964,987]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">spiculata</emphasis>
fuse subterminal diameter up
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FEBCE3B2FB87FC4F" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[267,1031,996,1019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA95730FEBCE3B2FE03FC4F" author="Pang" box="[267,387,996,1019]" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" refString="Pang, R. K. (1973) The systematics of some Jamaican excavating sponges (Porifera). Postilla of the Peabody Museum of the Yale University, 161, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1973">Pang, 1973</bibRefCitation>
or further to
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFA95730FC0BE3B2FB87FC4F" box="[956,1031,996,1019]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="16.0">16 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FCABE452FC01FBAF" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[796,897,1028,1051]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">displaced</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FEBCE478FA84FBF2" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[267,1284,1070,1094]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
Species with tylostyles that are simultaneously shorter and wider than in
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA95730FBA2E479FB21FBF2" box="[1045,1185,1071,1094]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FBA2E479FB21FBF2" box="[1045,1185,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA95730FB18E478FA84FBF2" box="[1199,1284,1070,1094]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FB18E478FA84FBF2" bold="true" box="[1199,1284,1070,1094]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FEBCE40CFC7CFB04" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA95730FEBCE40CFED4FBC5" box="[267,340,1114,1137]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FEBCE40CFED4FBC5" box="[267,340,1114,1137]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
brown to thin: two size multi­ Tuamotu Topsent
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA95730FEBCE42CFEDCFB25" box="[267,348,1146,1169]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ecaudis">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FEBCE42CFEDCFB25" box="[267,348,1146,1169]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ecaudis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yellow 130–160 x classes of camerate, Archipel 1932 Topsent when dry 1.0–1.3 x tylostyles, irregular
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FEBCE4EFFC79FB64" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[267,1017,1209,1232]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<date id="0C145BE3FFA95730FEBCE4EFFD40FB64" box="[267,704,1209,1232]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1932-04-03">1932 3–4</date>
A: thin and
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFA95730FC17E4EFFC79FB64" box="[928,1017,1209,1232]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FD2FE48FFCFFFB44" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[664,895,1241,1264]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">stunted: long, and</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FD2FE4AFFC09FAA4" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[664,905,1273,1296]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
68–
<date id="0C145BE3FFA95730FD77E4AFFD5AFAA4" box="[704,730,1273,1296]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1975-10">75</date>
x B: stunted
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FD2FE54FFC09FA84" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[664,905,1305,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
2–8
<date id="0C145BE3FFA95730FD71E54FFD67FA84" box="[710,743,1305,1328]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x 5</date>
–5.5 straight or
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FCABE56FFCECFAE4" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[796,876,1337,1360]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">slightly</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FCABE50FFCE5FAC4" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[796,869,1369,1392]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">curved</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FEBCE5D2FA9AFA4F" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA95730FEBCE5D2FED3FA2F" box="[267,339,1412,1435]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FEBCE5D2FED3FA2F" box="[267,339,1412,1435]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pale to dull 180–210 x robust, multi­ Caribbean, Topsent
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA95730FEBCE5F2FED9FA0F" box="[267,345,1444,1467]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="janitrix">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FEBCE5F2FED9FA0F" box="[267,345,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">janitrix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yellow 0.1–1.0
<date id="0C145BE3FFA95730FD2FE5F2FD61FA0F" box="[664,737,1444,1467]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" value="1912-10-08">8–12 x</date>
shafts camerate, Atlantic 1932 Topsent, alive, dried, mm 11–14 straight to with Ocean
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFA95730FEBCE5B2FE24FA4F" box="[267,420,1508,1531]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.907279999999999" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="in" value="1932.0">1932 in</quantity>
alcohol slightly relatively
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA95730FB1EE5B2FA9AFA4F" author="Pang" box="[1193,1306,1508,1531]" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" refString="Pang, R. K. (1973) The systematics of some Jamaican excavating sponges (Porifera). Postilla of the Peabody Museum of the Yale University, 161, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1973">Pang 1973</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FE38E652FC55F9AF" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[399,981,1540,1563]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">and in curving, large</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FE38E672FA9AF98F" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[399,1306,1572,1595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
formalin 178
<date id="0C145BE3FFA95730FD71E672FD68F98F" box="[710,744,1572,1595]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">x 8</date>
tyles chambers, Rosell and
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FCABE612FA94F9EF" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[796,1300,1604,1627]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
terminal, spherical,
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA95730FB1EE612FA94F9EF" author="Uriz" box="[1193,1300,1604,1627]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="22" refString="Rosell, D. &amp; Uriz, M. J. (2002) Excavating and endolithic sponge species (Porifera) from the Mediterranean: species descriptions and identification key: Organism Diversity and Evolution, 2, 55 - 86." type="journal article" year="2002">Uriz 2002</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FCABE632FB86F9CF" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[796,1030,1636,1659]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">round or similar to</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FCABE6D2FB95F92F" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[796,1045,1668,1691]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
subtermi­ those of
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FC4BE6D2FB95F92F" box="[1020,1045,1668,1691]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">C.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FCABE6F2FC61F90F" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[796,993,1700,1723]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
nal, points
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA95730FC17E6F2FC61F90F" box="[928,993,1700,1723]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="celata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA95730FC17E6F2FC61F90F" box="[928,993,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">celata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FCABE692FC79F96F" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[796,1017,1732,1755]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
stepped,
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFA95730FC17E692FC79F96F" box="[928,1017,1732,1755]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="2.0">2–6 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FCABE6B2FC0DF94F" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[796,909,1764,1787]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">reduced or</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FCABE752FC0DF8AF" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[796,909,1796,1819]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">mucronate</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA95730FBCAE778FAA9F8F1" blockId="12.[267,1321,291,1861]" box="[1149,1321,1838,1861]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">to be continued.</paragraph>
<caption id="2CD52DABFFA85731FEBCE175FD80FE8F" box="[267,512,291,315]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FEBCE175FD80FE8F" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[267,512,291,315]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FEBCE175FEF7FE8F" bold="true" box="[267,375,291,315]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">TABLE 2</emphasis>
(continued).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FEBCE119FB87FE11" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA85731FEBCE119FED4FED2" box="[267,340,335,358]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FEBCE119FED4FED2" box="[267,340,335,358]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
not stated 127–205 x shafts multi­ Indian Annandale
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA85731FEBCE139FECBFE32" box="[267,331,367,390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kempi">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FEBCE139FECBFE32" box="[267,331,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">kempi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
very small 4.1–8.2 x straight to camerate, Ocean 1915a Annandale, 8.2–12.5 slightly spherical,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FEBCE1F8FC7EFE71" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[267,1022,430,453]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">1915a curving, marginal</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FCABE198FB90FE51" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[796,1040,462,485]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">ensiform, and in one</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FCABE1B8FB81FDB1" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[796,1025,494,517]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">tyles round tier only;</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FCABE258FB9BFD91" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[796,1051,526,549]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
to 2–
<date id="0C145BE3FFA85731FC0BE258FC48FD91" box="[956,968,526,549]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7</date>
x 0.5–3
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FCABE278FC74FDF1" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[796,1012,558,581]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">subterminal mm (N.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FC17E218FB85FDD1" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[928,1029,590,613]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Namboo­</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FC17E238FB80FD31" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[928,1024,622,645]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">diri pers.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FC17E2D8FC72FD11" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[928,1010,654,677]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">comm.)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FEBCE2ECFB87FCA4" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA85731FEBCE2ECFED4FD65" box="[267,340,698,721]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FEBCE2ECFED4FD65" box="[267,340,698,721]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mustard, 143.1 x 7.1 shafts multi­
<collectingCountry id="00BD3DB3FFA85731FB92E2EFFB0CFD64" box="[1061,1164,697,720]" name="Barbados" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Barbados</collectingCountry>
, Holmes
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA85731FEBCE28CFE06FD45" box="[267,390,730,753]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="macgeachii">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FEBCE28CFE06FD45" box="[267,390,730,753]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">macgeachii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yellow to minute, curving, camerate, West Indies 2000 Holmes, orange round, ensiform, spherical,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FEBCE34FFB94FC84" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[267,1044,793,816]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">2000 discrete round tyles, can fuse to</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FDA3E36FFC54FCE4" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[532,980,825,848]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.2 (0.1­ often form</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FDA3E30FFC67FCC4" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[532,999,857,880]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">0.5) mm subterminal strings</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FC17E32FFB9DFC24" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[928,1053,889,912]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFA85731FC17E32FFB9DFC24" box="[928,1053,889,912]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="0.85" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.2">0.2­1.5 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FEBCE3F2FC7BFC6F" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Species, in which tylostyles are shorter than those in
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA85731FCF7E3F2FC4DFC0F" box="[832,973,932,955]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FCF7E3F2FC4DFC0F" box="[832,973,932,955]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA85731FC6DE3F5FBB0FC0F" box="[986,1072,931,955]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FC6DE3F5FBB0FC0F" bold="true" box="[986,1072,931,955]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and in which tyle shapes and shaft curvatures differ from those in
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA85731FCBBE392FC18FC6F" box="[780,920,964,987]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FCBBE392FC18FC6F" box="[780,920,964,987]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFA85731FC11E395FC7BFC6F" box="[934,1019,963,987]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FC11E395FC7BFC6F" bold="true" box="[934,1019,963,987]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FEBCE3B9FB5EFBD1" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA85731FEBCE3B9FED4FBB2" box="[267,340,1007,1030]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FEBCE3B9FED4FBB2" box="[267,340,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
dried, 219 tyles multi­
<collectingCountry id="00BD3DB3FFA85731FB92E3B8FB20FBB1" box="[1061,1184,1006,1029]" name="Isle of Man" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Isle of Man</collectingCountry>
Hancock
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA85731FEBCE459FECBFB92" box="[267,331,1039,1062]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="alderi">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FEBCE459FECBFB92" box="[267,331,1039,1062]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">alderi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yellowish­ size subtermi­ camerate, 1849 Hancock, brown variable, nal, irregular to
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA85731FB1EE478FEC0FBD1" author="Hancock" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="13" pageNumber="21" refString="Hancock, A. (1849) On the excavating powers of certain sponges belonging to the genus Cliona; with descriptions of several new species, and an allied form. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 3, 321 - 347." type="journal article" year="1849">Hancock 1849</bibRefCitation>
largest modifica­ spherical, 1867
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FDA3E438FAA3FB31" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[532,1315,1134,1157]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
papillae 0.6 240
<date id="0C145BE3FFA85731FD71E438FD68FB31" box="[710,744,1134,1157]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">x 7</date>
tions as widely Rützler and
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FDA3E4D8FAA1FB11" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[532,1313,1166,1189]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
mm, widely styles branching,
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA85731FB1EE4D8FAA1FB11" author="Stone" box="[1193,1313,1166,1189]" pageId="13" pageNumber="23" refString="Rutzler, K. &amp; Stone, S. M. (1986) Discovery and significance of Albany Hancock's microscope preparations of excavating sponges (Porifera: Hadromerida: Clionidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 99, 658 - 675." type="journal article" year="1986">Stone 1986</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FDA3E4F8FC72FB71" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[532,1010,1198,1221]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
spaced, run (Hancock:
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFA85731FC17E4F8FC72FB71" box="[928,1010,1198,1221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FDA3E498FC16FB51" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[532,918,1230,1253]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">in lines two spicule</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FCABE4B8FCDDFAB1" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[796,861,1262,1285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<typeStatus id="A711C381FFA85731FCABE4B8FCD6FAB1" box="[796,854,1262,1285]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">types</typeStatus>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FEBCE54FFAA1FA24" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA85731FEBCE54FFED3FA84" box="[267,339,1305,1328]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FEBCE54FFED3FA84" box="[267,339,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
brown, 217 robust, multi­
<collectingCountry id="00BD3DB3FFA85731FB92E54FFB00FA84" box="[1061,1152,1305,1328]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">England</collectingCountry>
? Hancock
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA85731FEBCE56FFEEBFAE4" box="[267,363,1337,1360]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="insidiosa">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FEBCE56FFEEBFAE4" box="[267,363,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">insidiosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
when dry small shafts camerate, 1849 Hancock, papillae 250
<date id="0C145BE3FFA85731FD71E50FFD76FAC4" box="[710,758,1369,1392]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" value="1910-10">x 10</date>
straight to with Rützler and 1849 slightly relatively
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA85731FB1EE52FFAA1FA24" author="Stone" box="[1193,1313,1401,1424]" pageId="13" pageNumber="23" refString="Rutzler, K. &amp; Stone, S. M. (1986) Discovery and significance of Albany Hancock's microscope preparations of excavating sponges (Porifera: Hadromerida: Clionidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 99, 658 - 675." type="journal article" year="1986">Stone 1986</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FCABE5CFFC55FA04" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[796,981,1433,1456]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">curving large</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FCABE5EFFB8DFA64" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[796,1037,1465,1488]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">tyles round chambers,</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FC17E58FFB8BFA44" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[928,1035,1497,1520]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">branching</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FC17E5AFFC5EF9A4" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[928,990,1529,1552]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFA85731FC17E5AFFC5EF9A4" box="[928,990,1529,1552]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FEBCE672FC66F90F" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFA85731FEBCE672FED3F98F" box="[267,339,1572,1595]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FEBCE672FED3F98F" box="[267,339,1572,1595]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
not stated, 181 shafts multi­
<collectingCountry id="00BD3DB3FFA85731FB92E672FB00F98F" box="[1061,1152,1572,1595]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">England</collectingCountry>
? Hancock
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FEBCE612FEFDF9EF" box="[267,381,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">millepunc­</emphasis>
papillar straight, camerate, 1849
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFA85731FEBCE632FEB4F9CF" box="[267,308,1636,1659]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">tata</emphasis>
size not 210
<date id="0C145BE3FFA85731FD71E632FD68F9CF" box="[710,744,1636,1659]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">x 2</date>
curving or branches Rützler and Hancock, stated sinous, are &lt;0.8
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFA85731FB1EE6D2FAA1F92F" author="Stone" box="[1193,1313,1668,1691]" pageId="13" pageNumber="23" refString="Rutzler, K. &amp; Stone, S. M. (1986) Discovery and significance of Albany Hancock's microscope preparations of excavating sponges (Porifera: Hadromerida: Clionidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 99, 658 - 675." type="journal article" year="1986">Stone 1986</bibRefCitation>
1849 tyles oval mm in
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FC17E692FC72F96F" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[928,1010,1732,1755]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">diamter</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFA85731FBCAE6B8FAA9F8B1" blockId="13.[267,1321,291,1797]" box="[1149,1321,1774,1797]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">to be continued.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="2CD52DABFFAB5732FEBCE175FD80FE8F" box="[267,512,291,315]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FEBCE175FD80FE8F" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[267,512,291,315]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FEBCE175FEF7FE8F" bold="true" box="[267,375,291,315]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">TABLE 2</emphasis>
(continued).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="30B02EA8FFAB5732FEBCE119FB92FE71" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FEBCE119FC5CFE11" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAB5732FEBCE119FED4FED2" box="[267,340,335,358]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FEBCE119FED4FED2" box="[267,340,335,358]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rich, 243 x 8.9 shaft multi­ Caribbean
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFAB5732FB1EE118FA9AFED1" author="Pang" box="[1193,1306,334,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="22" refString="Pang, R. K. (1973) The systematics of some Jamaican excavating sponges (Porifera). Postilla of the Peabody Museum of the Yale University, 161, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1973">Pang 1973</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAB5732FEBCE139FEF2FE32" box="[267,370,367,390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="peponaca">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FEBCE139FEF2FE32" box="[267,370,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">peponaca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
yellow­ 0.5–1.4 slightly camerate,
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFAB5732FEBCE1D8FE02FE11" author="Pang" box="[267,386,398,421]" pageId="14" pageNumber="22" refString="Pang, R. K. (1973) The systematics of some Jamaican excavating sponges (Porifera). Postilla of the Peabody Museum of the Yale University, 161, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1973">Pang, 1973</bibRefCitation>
orange mm curving, large,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FCABE1F8FB92FE71" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[796,1042,430,453]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">tyles cylindrical</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="30B02EA8FFAB5733FCABE198FB80F932" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="16" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="description">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FCABE198FC70FE51" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[796,1008,462,485]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">terminal 0.9–1.5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FCABE1B8FC4AFDB1" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[796,970,494,517]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">and mm</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FCABE258FC02FD91" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[796,898,526,549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">subtermi­</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FCABE278FC09FDF1" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[796,905,558,581]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">nal, round</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FEBCE20CFE5BFD05" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAB5732FEBCE20CFEEEFDC5" box="[267,366,602,625]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FEBCE20CFEEEFDC5" box="[267,366,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. caesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAB5732FE15E20CFDAEFDC5" box="[418,558,602,625]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FE15E20CFDAEFDC5" box="[418,558,602,625]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAB5732FD8BE20FFD11FDC5" box="[572,657,601,625]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FD8BE20FFD11FDC5" bold="true" box="[572,657,601,625]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
share a number of taxonomic characters, but tylostyle shape and length is different in
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAB5732FDA0E22CFDFAFD25" box="[535,634,634,657]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FDA0E22CFDFAFD25" box="[535,634,634,657]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. caesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and its blue, papillar ring could not be observed in
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAB5732FB11E22CFEF8FD05" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FB11E22CFEF8FD05" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAB5732FE31E2CFFE5BFD05" box="[390,475,665,689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FE31E2CFFE5BFD05" bold="true" box="[390,475,665,689]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FEBCE292FC79FCEF" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAB5732FEBCE292FED4FD6F" box="[267,340,708,731]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FEBCE292FED4FD6F" box="[267,340,708,731]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
brown,, 310 x 6.5 x tylostyles multi­ Central Schönberg
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAB5732FEBCE2B2FECFFD4F" box="[267,335,740,763]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="caesia">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FEBCE2B2FECFFD4F" box="[267,335,740,763]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">caesia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
nov. with
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFAB5732FDA3E2B2FD00FD4F" box="[532,640,740,763]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2 mm</quantity>
10.5 of two camerate, Great 2000 comb. character­ 150
<date id="0C145BE3FFAB5732FD71E352FD67FCAF" box="[710,743,772,795]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">x 7</date>
x sizes, tyles spherical to Barrier (Schönberg istic blue 9.5 round, irregular Reef, 2000) ring overall: often wider
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFAB5732FC17E312FC79FCEF" box="[928,1017,836,859]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="1.0">1–4 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FE38E332FC01FCCF" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[399,897,868,891]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(contains 280 x 6.5 x than high</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FE38E3D2FD25FC2F" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[399,677,900,923]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">zooxan­ 9</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FE38E3F2FE5FFC0F" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[399,479,932,955]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">thellae)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FEBCE398FD88FBB1" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
Species that co­occur in the
<typeStatus id="A711C381FFAB5732FD80E398FD14FC51" box="[567,660,974,997]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAB5732FD01E399FCC3FC52" box="[694,835,975,998]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FD01E399FCC3FC52" box="[694,835,975,998]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAB5732FCF8E398FC24FC52" box="[847,932,974,998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FCF8E398FC24FC52" bold="true" box="[847,932,974,998]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but clearly differ from the latter by their spicule characters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FEBCE44CFC1AFB44" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAB5732FEBCE44CFED4FB85" box="[267,340,1050,1073]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FEBCE44CFED4FB85" box="[267,340,1050,1073]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
brown in, 261 x 10.7 shafts one Indian
<bibRefCitation id="1C3B00D2FFAB5732FB1EE44FFAA6FB84" author="Sollas" box="[1193,1318,1049,1072]" pageId="14" pageNumber="23" refString="Sollas, W. J. (1878) On two new and remarkable species of Cliona. Annals and Magazine of Natural History series 5, 1, 54 - 67." type="journal article" year="1878">Sollas 1878</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAB5732FEBCE46CFEE1FBE5" box="[267,353,1082,1105]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ensifera">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAB5732FEBCE46CFEE1FBE5" box="[267,353,1082,1105]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">ensifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
alcohol round, x 12.7 curving in irregular Ocean, characters Sollas, 0.5–0.8 necks: 7.5 mid­region, cavity: 9.8 central from
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFAB5732FEBCE42FFDBEFB24" box="[267,574,1145,1168]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.878" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="1878.0">1878 mm</quantity>
(N = 50) ensiform, mm wide, Great present (characters fully tyles round
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFAB5732FC17E4CFFC72FB04" box="[928,1010,1177,1200]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
Barrier study from the formed and slightly high Reef specimen spicules subterminal
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FEBCE4AFFD4FFAA4" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[267,719,1273,1296]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">QM only:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FEBCE54FFC8AFA84" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[267,778,1305,1328]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">G322595) 271 x 12.7</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FD2FE56FFD5BFAE4" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[664,731,1337,1360]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">x 13.7</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FD2FE50FFC84FAC4" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[664,772,1369,1392]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">necks: 8.7</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FD2FE52FFD74FA24" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[664,756,1401,1424]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">(N = 37)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FD2FE5CFFC89FA04" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[664,777,1433,1456]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">microscle­</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FD2FE5EFFD6FFA64" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[664,751,1465,1488]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">res: rare</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FD2FE58FFD7DFA44" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[664,765,1497,1520]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">spirasters</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAB5732FBCAE652FAA9F9AF" blockId="14.[267,1321,291,1563]" box="[1149,1321,1540,1563]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">to be continued.</paragraph>
<caption id="2CD52DABFFAA5733FEBCE175FD80FE8F" box="[267,512,291,315]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FEBCE175FD80FE8F" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[267,512,291,315]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAA5733FEBCE175FEF7FE8F" bold="true" box="[267,375,291,315]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">TABLE 2</emphasis>
(continued).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FEBCE119FC6FFD91" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAA5733FEBCE119FED4FED2" box="[267,340,335,358]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAA5733FEBCE119FED4FED2" box="[267,340,335,358]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cf. brown,, 335 x 8.5 x shafts irregular,
<collectingCountry id="00BD3DB3FFAA5733FB92E118FBF7FED1" box="[1061,1143,334,357]" name="Indonesia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Ternate</collectingCountry>
, Thiele
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAA5733FEBCE139FEF1FE32" box="[267,369,367,390]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAA5733FEBCE139FEF1FE32" box="[267,369,367,390]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
greyish in round (1.6 12.3 (N = straight to honeycomb Pacific, 1900 Thiele, alcohol mm, N = 50), no slightly ­shaped central characters 1900 (contains 10) to micro­ curving, erosion of Great from (characters zooxan­ irregular scleres round tyles about
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFAA5733FC57E198FB9CFE51" box="[992,1052,462,485]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
Barrier present from the thellae) (1.1–3.5 found, but predomi­ in height, Reef study specimen mm) spirasters nant leaving
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FEBCE278FC7FFDF1" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[267,1023,558,581]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">QM are usually substrate</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FEBCE218FB8BFDD1" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[267,1035,590,613]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G322595) present unharmed</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E238FB9CFD31" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,1052,622,645]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
about
<quantity id="BF52D0C6FFAA5733FC57E238FB9CFD31" box="[992,1052,622,645]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E2D8FC7FFD11" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,1023,654,677]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">on upper</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E2F8FC68FD71" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,1000,686,709]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">side of</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E298FB94FD51" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,1044,718,741]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">shell and 1</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E2B8FC6CFCB1" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,1004,750,773]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">mm on</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E358FB89FC91" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,1033,782,805]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">inner side</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E378FC6FFCF1" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,1007,814,837]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">of shell</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FEBCE30CFB93FC44" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAA5733FEBCE30CFEB4FCC5" box="[267,308,858,881]" class="Insecta" family="Cixiidae" genus="Aka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAA5733FEBCE30CFEB4FCC5" box="[267,308,858,881]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Aka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. beige in no no shaft with multi­ Central present (characters alcohol protruding tylostyles, subtle camerate, Great study from the fistules oxeas only: curve, large, oval Barrier specimen observed, 131 x 5.3 sometimes chambers Reef QM 0.6–1.0 (N = 50) slightly oriented in
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FEBCE3AFFC70FBA4" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[267,1008,1017,1040]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">G322595) mm matures angular or parallel</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FD2FE44FFB89FB84" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[664,1033,1049,1072]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">only: anisotrope, with shell</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FD2FE46FFB90FBE4" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[664,1040,1081,1104]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">132 x 5.7 tips acutely surface, in</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FD2FE40FFB8FFBC4" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[664,1039,1113,1136]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">(N = 45) pointed 1 (max. 2)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E42FFC61FB24" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,993,1145,1168]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">tier(s)</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E4CFFC7EFB04" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,1022,1177,1200]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">3.4 x 2.3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E4EFFB82FB64" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,1026,1209,1232]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">mm (N =</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E48FFC4BFB44" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,971,1241,1264]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">10),</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E4AFFB95FAA4" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,1045,1273,1296]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">connecting</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E54FFC63FA84" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,995,1305,1328]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">canals</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E56FFC71FAE4" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,1009,1337,1360]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">0.2–0.5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E50FFC66FAC4" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,998,1369,1392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">mm in</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FC17E52FFC7DFA24" blockId="15.[267,1301,291,1424]" box="[928,1021,1401,1424]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">diameter</paragraph>
<paragraph id="78157D23FFAA5733FE8FE59AFB80F932" blockId="15.[264,1323,1484,1670]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
For all the reasons listed above we conclude that
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAA5733FC1DE59AFBCAFA51" box="[938,1098,1484,1509]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAA5733FC1DE59AFBCAFA51" box="[938,1098,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a new species. Together with the finding of
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAA5733FDD5E5A2FD64F9B9" box="[610,740,1524,1549]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="ensifera">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAA5733FDD5E5A2FD64F9B9" box="[610,740,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. ensifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the same specimen as
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAA5733FBA0E5A2FB33F9B9" box="[1047,1203,1524,1549]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="minuscula" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAA5733FBA0E5A2FB33F9B9" box="[1047,1203,1524,1549]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. minuscula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="51ED1C4AFFAA5733FB73E5A2FAA3F9BA" box="[1220,1315,1524,1550]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" rank="species">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAA5733FB73E5A2FAA3F9BA" bold="true" box="[1220,1315,1524,1550]" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, and with two previously unrecorded observations of
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAA5733FC3EE64AFBADF981" box="[905,1069,1564,1589]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="mucronata">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAA5733FC3EE64AFBADF981" box="[905,1069,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. mucronata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAA5733FBDBE64AFB74F981" box="[1132,1268,1564,1589]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="schmidti">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAA5733FBDBE64AFB74F981" box="[1132,1268,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">C. schmidti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the present study extends the number of species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="BFAA06A0FFAA5733FC14E612FC73F9E9" box="[931,1011,1604,1629]" class="Demospongiae" family="Clionaidae" genus="Cliona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="4ADEA131FFAA5733FC14E612FC73F9E9" box="[931,1011,1604,1629]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Cliona</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reported from
<collectingCountry id="00BD3DB3FFAA5733FB16E612FA8DF9EA" box="[1185,1293,1604,1630]" name="Australia" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Australia</collectingCountry>
to 11 species, with 10 of them from the Great Barrier Reef (
<tableCitation id="35284898FFAA5733FC12E63AFC73F932" box="[933,1011,1644,1670]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="18.[264,352,283,307]" captionText="TABLE 4. Species of the genus Cliona recorded from Australia (in alphabetical order). Not all species listed here belong in the species complex with only tylostyles, therefore basic taxonomic features are listed in the last column. There are 6 further species of bioeroding sponges from Australia that were formerly included in the genus Cliona, but are now considered to belong to different genera: Cliothosa lesueuri (Topsent, 1888), Pione carpenteri (Hancock, 1867), Pione lutea (von Lendenfeld, 1888), Pione vastifica (Hancock, 1849), Pione velans (Hentschel, 1909) and Spheciospongia hixoni (von Lendenfeld, 1886)." pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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