407 lines
32 KiB
XML
407 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-209-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2B9DFC7609F65C33A95B0065D5A5DBE2" ModsDocID="1314-2003-209-1" checkinTime="1663958886913" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="EFFF79D4C8AB51E4A7B8554623D32452" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 209: 1-134" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 209" docPubDate="2022-09-23" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681" docTitle="Lycianthes lucens S. Knapp 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="2B9DFC7609F65C33A95B0065D5A5DBE2" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="2B9DFC7609F65C33A95B0065D5A5DBE2" masterDocTitle="A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="134" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1663958886913" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A revision of Lycianthes (Solanaceae) in Australia, New Guinea, and the Pacific</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-09-23</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>209</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>134</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-209-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">2B9DFC7609F65C33A95B0065D5A5DBE2</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EFFF79D4C8AB51E4A7B8554623D32452" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EFFF79D4C8AB51E4A7B8554623D32452" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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9.
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<taxonomicName LSID="EFFF79D4-C8AB-51E4-A7B8-554623D32452" authority="S. Knapp" authorityName="S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens" status="sp. nov.">Lycianthes lucens S.Knapp</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Lycianthes lucens S. Knapp A flowering branch B flower bud C flower D flower bud with petals removed to show stamens E fruiting branch F berries G seeds. (A, C, E, G Sands et al. 2230 B Sands et al. 2073). Drawing by Lucy Smith. Scale bars: 4 cm (A, E); 7 mm (B, C); 6 mm (D); 2 cm (F); 2.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746677" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 28</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Lycianthes lucens herbarium specimen. Papua New Guinea. New Ireland: Sands et al. 2030 (K 000922448). Courtesy of the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746678" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 29</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Like
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. vitiensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitiensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. vitiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but differing in its shrub rather than tree habit, narrowly elliptic rather than elliptic leaves, its fewer-flowered inflorescences that are strictly axillary rather than many-flowered on an elongate axis, presence of triangular calyx appendages versus lack of appendages, anthers that are strictly poricidal versus anthers dehiscing through elongate slits or the pores lengthening with age, and smaller seeds (3 mm versus 4-5 mm long) that lack a distinct notch.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1984-11-07" collectorName="O. Gideon" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Lihir Island" elevation="710" location="Palie Mission" municipality="Mount Tementa" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New Ireland" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingCounty>Lihir Island</collectingCounty>
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[Niolam Island],
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<collectingMunicipality>Mount Tementa</collectingMunicipality>
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, above
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EFFF79D4C8AB51E4A7B8554623D32452:23B02DBB8DD4367AB02F4127165E0266" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Lihir Island" municipality="Mount Tementa" name="Palie Mission" stateProvince="New Ireland">Palie Mission</location>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EFFF79D4C8AB51E4A7B8554623D32452:A169E2F23BB6EF9C4DA4204B28315F8F" country="Papua New Guinea" county="Lihir Island" municipality="Mount Tementa" name="Namatanai" stateProvince="New Ireland">Namatanai</location>
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subprovince,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" unit="m" value="710.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" unit="m" value="710.0">710 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingDate value="1984-11-07">7 Nov 1984</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName>O. Gideon</collectorName>
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LAE-57196
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: LAE [acc. # 256314]; isotypes: K [K000922490], L [L.2882045])
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746677" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 28" startId="F28">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 28.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes lucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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S.Knapp
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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flowering branch
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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flower bud
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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flower
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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flower bud with petals removed to show stamens
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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fruiting branch
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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berries
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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seeds. (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, C, E, G</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sands et al. 2230</emphasis>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sands et al. 2073</emphasis>
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). Drawing by Lucy Smith. Scale bars:
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, E</emphasis>
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);
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
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);
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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);
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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);
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<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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(
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Shrubs 0.5-1.3 m tall; stems terete, glabrous or with very sparse simple or forked uniseriate papillae or trichomes, these sometimes to 5-celled, less than 0.2 mm long, drying reddish gold, the papillae possible glandular, a single collection with adventitious roots from the stem, these filamentous (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Croft et al. LAE-71421</emphasis>
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); new growth glabrous or sparsely papillate, the papillae with darker (glandular?) terminal cells; bark of older stems white to whitish grey, somewhat wrinkled and ridged from drying. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate, sometimes appearing unifoliate due to the minor leaves abscising, the leaves of a pair similar in shape but not in size. Leaves simple; blades of major leaves 9-15 cm long, 3-7 cm wide, narrowly elliptic, discolorous, membranous; adaxial surfaces very shiny, glabrous; abaxial surfaces glabrous, paler; principal veins 4-7 pairs, yellowish green beneath (in dry material), the midrib not keeled, the veins arching but not forming distinct inframarginal loops; base acute or sometimes somewhat rounded; margins entire; apex acuminate, rarely acute; petioles 0.5-1.5 cm long, completely glabrous; blades of minor leaves 3-9 cm long, 1-4.5 cm wide, shape, texture and pubescence like that of the majors; base acute or sometimes somewhat rounded; margins entire; apex acuminate, rarely acute; petioles 0.3-0.5 cm long, glabrous. Inflorescences axillary fascicles or 1-4 flowers (most often 2-3 flowers), only a single flower open at a time, completely glabrous; pedicels at anthesis 2.5-4 cm long, markedly lengthening just before anthesis, 0.5-0.75 mm in diameter at the base, 1-2 mm in diameter at the apex, pale green or white, spreading or perhaps nodding, completely glabrous and shiny, articulated at the base; pedicel scars in a tight cluster in the leaf axils. Buds ellipsoid, the corolla ca. halfway exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis, completely included in young buds. Flowers 5-merous, heterostylous and unisexual, specimens with either short-styled flowers or long-styled flowers and fruit, the plants perhaps dioecious, the short-styled flowers marginally smaller than long-styled flowers. Calyx tube 2-4 mm long, shorter in short-styled flowers, 2.5-3.5 mm in diameter, openly cup-shaped, white flushed with purple (fide
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sands et al. 1966</emphasis>
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), with (3)4-5 triangular appendages 1-1.5 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide, oriented perpendicular to the calyx tube, these usually of differing lengths in a single flower, emerging 0.5-1 mm from the calyx rim, in very young buds the appendages sometimes papillate. Corolla 1.1-2.4 cm in diameter, short-styled flowers at the smaller size end, white or pale purple, stellate, lobed ca. 3/4 of the way to the base, interpetalar tissue present, the lobes 4-8 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, spreading or slightly cupped, membranous, glabrous on both surfaces, the tips and distal portions of the margins densely papillate. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments ca. 1.5 mm long, glabrous; anthers 2.5-3 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm wide, ellipsoid, yellow, poricidal at the tips, the pores distally directed, round and not elongating to slits with age. Ovary conical, glabrous, vestigial in short-styled flowers; style in short-styled flowers vestigial, in long-styled flowers 6-6.5 mm long, straight, glabrous; stigma clavate, the surfaces minutely papillate. Fruit a globose berry, 1.2-1.5 cm in diameter, deep red when ripe, green to orange-red to deep red through development, the pericarp glabrous, thin, shiny, translucent; fruiting pedicels 3-4 cm long, longer in mature fruit, 1-1.5 mm in diameter at the base, 3-3.5 mm in diameter at the apex, not markedly woody, pendent (?), pale green; fruiting calyx a spreading plate beneath the fruit, stiff and perhaps fleshy or woody in live plants, the veins leading to the calyx appendages enlarged and prominent. Seeds 50-100 per berry, ca. 3 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide, flattened and somewhat round with one straight edge in outline, reddish tan, the margins darker, the surfaces deeply pitted, the testal cells pentagonal in outline. Stone cells absent. Chromosome number not known.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746678" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 29" startId="F29">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 29.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes lucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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herbarium specimen. Papua New Guinea. New Ireland:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sands et al. 2030</emphasis>
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(K000922448). Courtesy of the Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden, Kew, reproduced with permission.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Distribution of Lycianthes lucens." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746679" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30</figureCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes lucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is endemic to the islands east of the main island of New Guinea; it has been collected on New Ireland, Lihir Island and the islands of the Louisiade Archipelago (Rossel and West Misima Islands).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746679" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 30" startId="F30">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 30.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes lucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes lucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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grows in the shaded understory of montane rainforests, from 700 to 1,350 m elevation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="The Linnean Society of London, Academic Press, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B38" refString="2020. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2020">IUCN 2020</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</emphasis>
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EOO (70,602 km2 - LC); AOO (24 km2 - EN).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes lucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from only four localities on widely separated islands; the large EOO consists mostly of uninhabitable ocean. Gold mining on Lihir island is a significant threat for the forest habitat of this species; I suggest a threat status of Endangered (EN [B1,2a, b(iii,iv)]) for
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. lucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes lucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a beautiful plant, with large flowers, bright red berries and shiny leaves. The species epithet is derived from the shiny, glabrous leaves.
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<bibRefCitation author="Symon, DE" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 171" refId="B89" refString="Symon, DE, 1985. The Solanaceae of New Guinea. Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 8: 1 - 171" title="The Solanaceae of New Guinea." volume="8" year="1985">Symon (1985)</bibRefCitation>
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cited
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Katik et al. LAE-70928</emphasis>
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from Rossel Island as
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. belensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="belensis">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. belensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
(as
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|
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. belense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="belense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. belense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
), and other specimens in herbaria have been annotated as that species by him.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes lucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
resembles
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|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. belensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="belensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. belensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in its shiny leaves and mostly axillary inflorescences with few, large flowers but it differs in its glabrous stems and adaxial leaf venation (versus stem and abaxial veins softly pubescent in
|
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. belensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="belensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. belensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) and triangular calyx appendages to 1.5 mm long that are perpendicular to the calyx tube (versus appendages that are either absent or less than 0.75 mm long and not obviously perpendicular to the calyx tube in
|
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. belensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="belensis">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. belensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
). The calyx rim in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. belensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="belensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. belensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is thin, transparent and ruffly (see Fig.
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|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Lycianthes belensis herbarium specimen. Indonesia. Papua: Brass 11223 (isotype of S. belense, BM 000778128). Courtesy of the Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746657" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">8</figureCitation>
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), while that of
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|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. lucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
is strictly truncate with distinct teeth and not markedly ruffly (Fig.
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|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Lycianthes lucens S. Knapp A flowering branch B flower bud C flower D flower bud with petals removed to show stamens E fruiting branch F berries G seeds. (A, C, E, G Sands et al. 2230 B Sands et al. 2073). Drawing by Lucy Smith. Scale bars: 4 cm (A, E); 7 mm (B, C); 6 mm (D); 2 cm (F); 2.5 mm (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.209.87681.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/746677" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28</figureCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes belensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="belensis">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes belensis</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
is a plant of high elevations in the central ranges, while
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. lucens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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|
is a plant of montane forests only found on the islands to the east of New Guinea proper.
|
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</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes multifolia" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multifolia">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes multifolia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has shiny leaves somewhat similar to those of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. lucens</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
but it has smaller flowers (1.4-1.6 cm in diameter versus ca. 2.4 cm in diameter in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. lucens</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and densely pubescent stems and venation (versus glabrous in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. lucens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
). Sympodial units of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. lucens</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
are strictly difoliate, while those of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. multifolia" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="multifolia">
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|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. multifolia</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
often have more than two leaves at a node.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
The only other
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species found as far east in the New Guinea and Pacific area as
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. lucens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. vitiensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitiensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. vitiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the island of Bougainville to Samoa.
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Knapp" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes lucens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. vitiensis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vitiensis">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. vitiensis</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in habit (shrub versus tree) and inflorescence morphology (axillary fascicles versus with a distinct axis), in addition to the other characters mentioned in the diagnosis.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Like other
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Lycianthes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lycianthes" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lycianthes</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species in the area,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="L. lucens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lucens">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. lucens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
appears to be dioecious, with individual specimens bearing either short-styled (staminate) flowers or long-styled (pistillate or bisexual) flowers and fruit.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Specimens examined (
|
|
<typeStatus>paratypes</typeStatus>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
|
Papua New Guinea.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Milne Bay</emphasis>
|
|
: Rossel Island, Mt. Rossel, S. slopes,
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<date value="1956-10-19">19 Oct 1956</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Brass 28494</emphasis>
|
|
(A, L); Mt. Oiatau, West Misima Island, subprov. Misima,
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="m" value="700.0">700 m</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<date value="1979-03-23">23 Mar 1979</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Croft LAE-71421</emphasis>
|
|
(A, K, L, LAE); Mount Rossel, Rossel Island, subprov. Misima,
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" unit="m" value="780.0">780 m</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<date value="1979-03-18">18 Mar 1979</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Katik et al. LAE-70928</emphasis>
|
|
(A, E, K, L, LAE),
|
|
<date value="1979-03-19">19 Mar 1979</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Katik et al. LAE-70954</emphasis>
|
|
(K, L, LAE).
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">New Ireland</emphasis>
|
|
: Lihir Island [Niolam Island], Mount Tementa, above Palie Mission, Namatanai subprovince,
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1" unit="m" value="710.0">710 m</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<date value="1984-11-07">7 Nov 1984</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Gideon LAE-57196</emphasis>
|
|
(K, LAE, L); Hans Meyer Range, on steep ridge below camp, ca.
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="km" value="8.0">8 km</quantity>
|
|
(map distance) WNW of Taron on east coast, Namatanai subprov.,
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" unit="m" value="1260.0">1,260 m</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<date value="1975-10-09">9 Oct 1975</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sands et al. 1966</emphasis>
|
|
(K),
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.075" unit="m" value="1075.0">1,075 m</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<date value="1975-10-08">8 Oct 1975</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sands et al. 2073</emphasis>
|
|
(K),
|
|
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" unit="m" value="1350.0">1,350 m</quantity>
|
|
,
|
|
<date value="1975-10-15">15 Oct 1975</date>
|
|
,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sands et al. 2230</emphasis>
|
|
(K).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |