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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.98.925" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fd551e06-c0d1-4ef1-bc73-6c6627e6c1e8" ID-PMC="PMC3095132" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-98-29" ID-PubMed="21594070" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-98-29" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 98" ModsDocTitle="Systematics and biology of the new genus Macrosaccus with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)" checkinTime="1451250434795" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Davis, Donald R. &amp; De Prins, Jurate" docDate="2011" docId="EF7C56CED32785EA2549E56827C4A1A7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 98: 29-82" docOrigin="ZooKeys 98" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.98.925" docTitle="Macrosaccus uhlerella, comb. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FFA38E277046FF8BFFA1FFCC2833FF8D" masterDocTitle="Systematics and biology of the new genus Macrosaccus with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="29" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1668169703936" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Systematics and biology of the new genus Macrosaccus with descriptions of two new species (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Davis, Donald R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>De Prins, Jurate</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>98</mods:number>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159365234" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EF7C56CED32785EA2549E56827C4A1A7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF7C56CED32785EA2549E56827C4A1A7" lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Macrosaccus_uhlerella" authority="Fitch" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus uhlerella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhlerella">Macrosaccus uhlerella (Fitch)</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="25" pageNumber="54">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 7, 828, 29
<normalizedToken originalValue="–3151–">-3151-</normalizedToken>
53Tables 12
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="54" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lyonetiidae" genus="Argyromiges" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyromiges uhlerella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhlerella">Argyromiges uhlerella</taxonomicName>
Fitch, 1859:838, No. 337.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithocolletis uhlerella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhlerella">Lithocolletis uhlerella</taxonomicName>
(Fitch).-
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, VT" journalOrPublisher="Canadian Entomologist" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="54 - 224" title="Micro-Lepidoptera" url="doi:10.4039/Ent354-3" volume="3" year="1871">Chambers 1871</bibRefCitation>
: 183.-
<bibRefCitation author="Walsingham, Lord (de Grey T)" journalOrPublisher="Insect Life" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="23 - 120" title="Steps toward a revision of Chambers' Index, with notes and descriptions of new species (cont.)" volume="2" year="1889">Walsingham 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 53.-
<bibRefCitation author="Riley, CV" editor="Smith, JB" journalOrPublisher="American Entomological Society, Philadelphia" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="94 - 114" title="Tineina" volumeTitle="List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America" year="1891">Riley 1891</bibRefCitation>
: 109, No. 5900.-
<bibRefCitation author="Dyar, HG" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination=": 723" title="A list of North American Lepidoptera" volume="52" year="1903">Dyar 1902 [1903]</bibRefCitation>
: 551, No. 6268.-
<bibRefCitation author="Braun, AF" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="269 - 357" title="Revision of the North American species of the genus Lithocolletis Huebner" volume="34" year="1908">Braun 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 291.-
<bibRefCitation author="Forbes, WTM" journalOrPublisher="Memoir" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 729" title="The Lepidoptera of New York and neighboring states, Part 1, Primitive forms, Microlepidoptera, Pyraloids, Bombyces. Cornell University Agriculture Experiment Station." volume="68" year="1923">Forbes 1923</bibRefCitation>
: 192.-
<bibRefCitation author="Meyrick, E" editor="Wytsman, P" journalOrPublisher="V. Verteneuil &amp; L. Desmet, Imprimeurs-Editeurs" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 36" title="Lepidoptera Heterocera (Tineae). Fam. Gracilariadae [sic]" volumeTitle="Genera Insectorum" year="1912 a">Meyrick 1912a</bibRefCitation>
: 7;
<bibRefCitation author="Meyrick, E" editor="Wagner, H" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, Berlin" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="25 - 68" title="Adelidae, Micropterigidae, Gracilariadae [sic]" volumeTitle="Lepidopterorum Catalogus" year="1912 b">1912b</bibRefCitation>
: 33.-
<bibRefCitation author="Braun, AF" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="103 - 168" title="Evolution of the color pattern in the microlepidopterous genus Lithocolletis" year="1914">Braun 1914</bibRefCitation>
: 114.-
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough, JH" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 171" title="Check List of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part II. Microlepidoptera." volume="2" year="1939">McDunnough 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 95, No. 9190.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Phyllonorycter" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phyllonorycter uhlerella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhlerella">Phyllonorycter uhlerella</taxonomicName>
(Fitch).-
<bibRefCitation author="Ely, CR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="29 - 77" title="A revision of the North American Gracilariidae [sic] from the standpoint of venation." volume="19" year="1918">Ely 1918</bibRefCitation>
: 59.-
<bibRefCitation author="Davis, DR" editor="Hodges, RW" journalOrPublisher="E. W. Classey Ltd. and the Wedge Entomological Research Foundation, London" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="9 - 11" title="Gracillariidae" volumeTitle="Check List of the Lepidoptera of North America North of Mexico" year="1983">Davis 1983</bibRefCitation>
: 10.-
<bibRefCitation author="De Prins, W" editor="Landry, B" journalOrPublisher="Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 502" title="Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera)" volumeTitle="World Catalogue of Insects" year="2005">De Prins and De Prins 2005</bibRefCitation>
: 360.-
<bibRefCitation author="De Prins, J" journalOrPublisher="Linzer biologische Beitraege" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" title="Global Taxonomic Database of Gracillariidae (Lepidoptera)" url="http://www.gracillariidae.net" year="2011">De Prins and De Prins 2011</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithocolletis amorphaeella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amorphaeella">Lithocolletis amorphaeella</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, VT" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="121 - 145" title="Art. VI. The Tineina of Colorado." volume="3" year="1877">Chambers 1877</bibRefCitation>
: 132, 137.-
<bibRefCitation author="Walsingham, Lord (de Grey T)" journalOrPublisher="Insect Life" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="23 - 120" title="Steps toward a revision of Chambers' Index, with notes and descriptions of new species (cont.)" volume="2" year="1889">Walsingham 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 53 (synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithocolletis uhlerella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhlerella">Lithocolletis uhlerella</taxonomicName>
).-
<bibRefCitation author="Riley, CV" editor="Smith, JB" journalOrPublisher="American Entomological Society, Philadelphia" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="94 - 114" title="Tineina" volumeTitle="List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America" year="1891">Riley 1891</bibRefCitation>
: 109, No. 5900.-
<bibRefCitation author="Braun, AF" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="269 - 357" title="Revision of the North American species of the genus Lithocolletis Huebner" volume="34" year="1908">Braun 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 292.-
<bibRefCitation author="Dyar, HG" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination=": 723" title="A list of North American Lepidoptera" volume="52" year="1903">Dyar 1902 [1903]</bibRefCitation>
: 551, No. 6268.-
<bibRefCitation author="Braun, AF" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="269 - 357" title="Revision of the North American species of the genus Lithocolletis Huebner" volume="34" year="1908">Braun 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 291.-
<bibRefCitation author="Meyrick, E" editor="Wytsman, P" journalOrPublisher="V. Verteneuil &amp; L. Desmet, Imprimeurs-Editeurs" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 36" title="Lepidoptera Heterocera (Tineae). Fam. Gracilariadae [sic]" volumeTitle="Genera Insectorum" year="1912 a">Meyrick 1912a</bibRefCitation>
: 7;
<bibRefCitation author="Meyrick, E" editor="Wagner, H" journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, Berlin" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="25 - 68" title="Adelidae, Micropterigidae, Gracilariadae [sic]" volumeTitle="Lepidopterorum Catalogus" year="1912 b">1912b</bibRefCitation>
: 33.- Braun, 1914: 114.-
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough, JH" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 171" title="Check List of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part II. Microlepidoptera." volume="2" year="1939">McDunnough 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 95, No. 9190.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithocolletis amorphae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amorphae">Lithocolletis amorphae</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Frey, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitung, Stettin," pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="249 - 279" title="Tineen aus Texas." volume="39" year="1878">Frey and Boll 1878</bibRefCitation>
: 275.-
<bibRefCitation author="Walsingham, Lord (de Grey T)" journalOrPublisher="Insect Life" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="23 - 120" title="Steps toward a revision of Chambers' Index, with notes and descriptions of new species (cont.)" volume="2" year="1889">Walsingham 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 53 (synonym of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithocolletis uhlerella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhlerella">Lithocolletis uhlerella</taxonomicName>
).-
<bibRefCitation author="Riley, CV" editor="Smith, JB" journalOrPublisher="American Entomological Society, Philadelphia" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="94 - 114" title="Tineina" volumeTitle="List of the Lepidoptera of Boreal America" year="1891">Riley 1891</bibRefCitation>
: 109, No. 5900.-
<bibRefCitation author="Dyar, HG" journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination=": 723" title="A list of North American Lepidoptera" volume="52" year="1903">Dyar 1902 [1903]</bibRefCitation>
: 551, No. 6268.-
<bibRefCitation author="Braun, AF" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="269 - 357" title="Revision of the North American species of the genus Lithocolletis Huebner" volume="34" year="1908">Braun 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 292.-
<bibRefCitation author="McDunnough, JH" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the Southern California Academy of Sciences" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 171" title="Check List of the Lepidoptera of Canada and the United States of America. Part II. Microlepidoptera." volume="2" year="1939">McDunnough 1939</bibRefCitation>
: 95, No. 9190.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="25" pageNumber="54" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
The forewing pattern of this species is most similar to that of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus morrisella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morrisella">Macrosaccus morrisella</taxonomicName>
in having the basal strigulae less oblique than those present in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus robiniella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robiniella">Macrosaccus robiniella</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus neomexicanus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="neomexicanus">Macrosaccus neomexicanus</taxonomicName>
, but it differs from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus morrisella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morrisella">Macrosaccus morrisella</taxonomicName>
in lacking the distinct basal white streak typical of the latter. The male genitalia of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus uhlerella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhlerella">Macrosaccus uhlerella</taxonomicName>
are distinct in possessing the most modified, slender valvae (Fig. 28) of any member of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrosaccus</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" type="adult">
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">Adult</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">(Figs 7, 8). Forewing length 2.2-2.8 mm.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
Head: Vestiture of head and antenna similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus robiniella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robiniella">Macrosaccus robiniella</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus morrisella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morrisella">Macrosaccus morrisella</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
Thorax: Light to dark brown to fuscous dorsally, sometimes with a slight orange luster and a suffusion of fuscous posteriorly; shiny white ventrally; tegula usually orange brown, occasionally with fuscous suffusion posteriorly. Forewing mostly light brownish orange with 4 white costal strigulae, each usually with pale to dark fuscous borders; pattern similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus morrisella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morrisella">Macrosaccus morrisella</taxonomicName>
except without a distinct slender, oblique, white streak from tegula at base of wing; 3 white dorsal strigulae usually present, but these oriented less obliquely than in
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus robiniella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robiniella">Macrosaccus robiniella</taxonomicName>
; basal strigula white, but sometimes obscure; median strigula connected to second costal strigula to form a narrow white fascia as in 4; dorsal half of wing with black scaling variably present between strigulae; a large black apical spot present similar to that of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus robiniella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robiniella">Macrosaccus robiniella</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus morrisella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morrisella">Macrosaccus morrisella</taxonomicName>
; cilia light grey to white. Hindwing, including fringe, uniformly grey. Legs similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus robiniella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robiniella">Macrosaccus robiniella</taxonomicName>
in colour pattern.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
Abdomen: Similar to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus robiniella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="54" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robiniella">Macrosaccus robiniella</taxonomicName>
, dark fuscous dorsally and white ventrally with greyish suffusion laterally on anterior portion of segments 2-7 and sometimes ventrally on A8.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="25" pageNumber="54">
Male genitalia (Figs 28, 29): Distal half of valva abruptly constricted to ~ 1/3 the width of basal half; saccular lobe broadly produced, truncate. Saccus a long, slender rod ~ 1.3
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of valva. Aedeagus long and slender, ~ 3.0
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
length of valva, with phallobase only slightly more enlarged than aedeagus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="26" pageNumber="55">
<pageBreakToken pageId="26" pageNumber="55" start="start">Female</pageBreakToken>
genitalia (Figs 30, 31): Ductus bursae long and slender, slightly longer (~ 1.2
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
) than length of elongate corpus bursae. Accessory bursae spherical, ~ half the length of corpus bursae, arising from approximately midway along ductus bursae. Corpus bursae elliptical, with series of small, dentate spicules arranged in
<pageBreakToken pageId="27" pageNumber="56" start="start">faint</pageBreakToken>
longitudinal folds or striae; walls of anterior end (distal 1/6) of corpus bursae membranous.
</paragraph>
<caption pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
Figures 28-31. Genitalia,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus uhlerella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhlerella">Macrosaccus uhlerella</taxonomicName>
. 28-29 Male. 28 Genital capsule, ventral view 29 Aedeagus 30-31 Female. 30 Lateral view 31 Segments 7-10, ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="larva and pupa">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Larva and pupa.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Not examined.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="larval mine">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Larval mine</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="56">(Figs 51-53). The mature mine is an elongate-oval, whitish blotch located on the under (abaxial) side of the leaf usually near the edge of the leaflet. Eventually, as the mine becomes tentiform, the leaf edge is slightly curled (Fig. 51).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="hosts">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Hosts.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
(Table 1).
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amorpha fruticosa" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Amorpha fruticosa</taxonomicName>
L., (
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, VT" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="107 - 124" title="Art. IV. Tineina and their foodplants." volume="4" year="1878">Chambers 1878</bibRefCitation>
: 58;
<bibRefCitation author="Frey, H" journalOrPublisher="Entomologische Zeitung, Stettin," pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="249 - 279" title="Tineen aus Texas." volume="39" year="1878">Frey and Boll 1878</bibRefCitation>
: 276;
<bibRefCitation author="Walsingham, Lord (de Grey T)" journalOrPublisher="Insect Life" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="23 - 120" title="Steps toward a revision of Chambers' Index, with notes and descriptions of new species (cont.)" volume="2" year="1889">Walsingham 1889</bibRefCitation>
: 119;
<bibRefCitation author="Braun, AF" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the American Entomological Society" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="269 - 357" title="Revision of the North American species of the genus Lithocolletis Huebner" volume="34" year="1908">Braun 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 292).
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Amorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amorpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amorpha</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName class="Trematoda" family="Hemiuridae" genus="Robinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Robinia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Robinia</taxonomicName>
sp. (
<bibRefCitation author="Robinson, GS" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 824" title="Hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of America North of Mexico." volume="69" year="2002">Robinson et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
: 357). The primary host,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amorpha fruticosa" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Amorpha fruticosa</taxonomicName>
, is a shrub up to 4 meters high which occurs naturally from Louisiana to Florida and north to Wisconsin and Pennsylvania. Because no adults reared from
<taxonomicName class="Trematoda" family="Hemiuridae" genus="Robinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Robinia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Robinia</taxonomicName>
are known or have been examined, the host record reported in
<bibRefCitation author="Robinson, GS" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 824" title="Hostplants of the moth and butterfly caterpillars of America North of Mexico." volume="69" year="2002">Robinson et al. (2002)</bibRefCitation>
is questionable.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="types">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Types.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lyonetiidae" genus="Argyromiges" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyromiges uhlerella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhlerella">Argyromiges uhlerella</taxonomicName>
Fitch [type material and deposition not stated, believed lost]: [New York].
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithocolletis amorphaeella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amorphaeella">Lithocolletis amorphaeella</taxonomicName>
Chambers: Lectotype (present designation), ♀: &quot;Type 1327; Chambers, Colorado;
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithocolletis amorphaeella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amorphaeella">Lithocolletis amorphaeella</taxonomicName>
Cham.; Lectotype ♀,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithocolletis amorphaeella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amorphaeella">Lithocolletis amorphaeella</taxonomicName>
Chambers, by D. Davis; ♀ genitalia on slide 4530, D.R. Davis&quot;, (MCZ), [head, right wings missing].
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithocolletis amorphae" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amorphae">Lithocolletis amorphae</taxonomicName>
Frey and Boll: Type material not stated, deposition unknown; [Texas].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="material examined">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
UNITED STATES: COLORADO: Specific locality unknown: 1 ♀, lectotype,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Nepticulidae" genus="Lithocolletis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lithocolletis amorphaeella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amorphaeella">Lithocolletis amorphaeella</taxonomicName>
Cham., DRD slide 4530, (MCZ). ILLINOIS: McDunnough Co: 3 mi. East of Good Hope, Short Fork Seep, Ti7N-R2W, Section 27-28: 2 ♂, 2 ♀, 7 Aug 2010, emerged 11-17 Aug 2010, leaf mine on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amorpha fruticosa" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Amorpha fruticosa</taxonomicName>
, J. Wiker and T. Harrison, slide USNM 33918, (USNM). Putnam Co: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 29 Mar 1938, DRD slide 4508; 1 ♂, 18 Aug 1939; 1 ♂, 8 Sep 1940, DRD slide 4507; 2 ♂, 20 Sep 1967, reared from underside leafmine
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amorpha fruticosa" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Amorpha fruticosa</taxonomicName>
; 2 ♂, 25 Sep 1940; 1 ♂, 5 Oct 1946, DRD slide 4506, reared from leafmine,
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amorpha fruticosa" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Amorpha fruticosa</taxonomicName>
, M. O. Glenn, (INHS). Vermilion Co: Kickapoo State Recreation Area: 1 ♀, 13 Jun 1991, moth iss. 24 Jun 1991, T. Harrison, (INHS). MISSOURI: Boone Co: Colombia: 1 ♀, 14 Dec 1969, W. S. Craig, under bark of sycamore, (USNM). TEXAS: Specific locality unknown: 4 ♀, from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amorpha fruticosa" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Amorpha fruticosa</taxonomicName>
, (BMNH). Dallas Co: Dallas: 2 ♂, 3 ♀, Boll, slide BM 4003, (BMNH); Dallas, Boll. 1876, 1 ♂, 4 ♀, bred from
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amorpha fruticosa" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Amorpha fruticosa</taxonomicName>
, Stainton collection 1893-134, (BMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus uhlerella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhlerella">Macrosaccus uhlerella</taxonomicName>
is known to occur from Colorado, Illinois, Missouri, New York, and Texas.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="28" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="27" pageNumber="56">
For over 120 years
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lyonetiidae" genus="Argyromiges" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyromiges uhlerella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhlerella">Argyromiges uhlerella</taxonomicName>
Fitch has been regarded as the senior synonym of amorphaeella Chambers. The inadequacy of the original description of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lyonetiidae" genus="Argyromiges" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyromiges uhlerella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhlerella">Argyromiges uhlerella</taxonomicName>
(quoted below), together with the disappearance of any type material, has caused some uncertainty regarding this
<normalizedToken originalValue="insect’s">insect's</normalizedToken>
identity. In his review of the insects feeding on
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Robinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Robinia pseudoacacia" order="Fabales" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pseudoacacia">Robinia pseudoacacia</taxonomicName>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Fitch, A" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the New York State Agricultural Society" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="781 - 854" title="Report on the noxious, beneficial and other insects of the state of New York. Fifth report" volume="18" year="1859">Fitch (1859)</bibRefCitation>
proposed two names now assigned to
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrosaccus</taxonomicName>
which he believed to be related to the
<taxonomicName class="Trematoda" family="Hemiuridae" genus="Robinia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Robinia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">Robinia</taxonomicName>
leafminer:
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lyonetiidae" genus="Argyromiges" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyromiges pseudacaciella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudacaciella">Argyromiges pseudacaciella</taxonomicName>
(now considered a synonymn of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus robiniella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robiniella">Macrosaccus robiniella</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lyonetiidae" genus="Argyromiges" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyromiges uhlerella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhlerella">Argyromiges uhlerella</taxonomicName>
. Fitch stated that he did not know the hosts for these two moths (i.e., neither had not been reared).
<bibRefCitation author="Walsingham, Lord (de Grey T)" journalOrPublisher="Insect Life" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="23 - 120" title="Steps toward a revision of Chambers' Index, with notes and descriptions of new species (cont.)" volume="2" year="1889">Walsingham (1889)</bibRefCitation>
concluded that
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fitch’s">Fitch's</normalizedToken>
description of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus uhlerella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uhlerella">Macrosaccus uhlerella</taxonomicName>
<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="57" start="start">agreed</pageBreakToken>
with that of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus amorphaeella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amorphaeella">Macrosaccus amorphaeella</taxonomicName>
, proposed 18 years later by
<bibRefCitation author="Chambers, VT" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey" pageId="30" pageNumber="59" pagination="121 - 145" title="Art. VI. The Tineina of Colorado." volume="3" year="1877">Chambers (1877)</bibRefCitation>
, and he consequently synonymized the latter name. All later workers treating this complex accepted
<normalizedToken originalValue="Walsingham’s">Walsingham's</normalizedToken>
decision. Closer examination of wing pattern variation within large series of reared
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus robiniella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robiniella">Macrosaccus robiniella</taxonomicName>
, however, suggests that
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fitch’s">Fitch's</normalizedToken>
description more approximates the greyish forewing colour of some specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus robiniella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robiniella">Macrosaccus robiniella</taxonomicName>
than it does the non-greyish, more brownish forewing colour prevalent in the smaller sample of adult
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Macrosaccus</taxonomicName>
rearedfrom
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Amorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amorpha fruticosa" order="Fabales" pageId="28" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fruticosa">Amorpha fruticosa</taxonomicName>
examined.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fitch’s">Fitch's</normalizedToken>
description also contains such abnormalities as the &quot;five white spots along their outer sides&quot; and &quot;the tip of the wings is here replaced by a short black stripe thrice as long as it is wide&quot;, both of which may possibly reflect the poor condition of his specimen(s). Worn specimens of
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Macrosaccus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Macrosaccus robiniella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="robiniella">Macrosaccus robiniella</taxonomicName>
have been observed with one or two strigulae indistinct or missing, as well as some with reduced apical spots. Similar variation might also be found to occur within moths reared from
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Sphingidae" genus="Amorpha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amorpha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amorpha</taxonomicName>
, once more specimens become available for examination.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="57">
No type material of
<normalizedToken originalValue="“Argyromiges”">&quot;Argyromiges&quot;</normalizedToken>
uhlerella is believed to exist. In 1977, during a search for
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fitch’s">Fitch's</normalizedToken>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Lepidoptera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lepidoptera" order="Malvales" pageId="28" pageNumber="57" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
types deposited in the USNM, Tim McCabe found a pin bearing
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fitch’s">Fitch's</normalizedToken>
label 8158 (the type number for uhlerella) in the main collection. The moth was missing and was presumed destroyed. The pin with that number has since disappeared. Because the name uhlerella has been used consistently as the valid name for this taxon since before 1899, we believe that this usage should continue even though some doubt now exists regarding the correct application of the name.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="57" type="original description of">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="57">Original description of</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="57">Argyromiges uhlerella</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="57" type="fitch">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="57">Fitch:</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="57">
&quot;337.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Uhler’s">Uhler's</normalizedToken>
leaf-miner,
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Lyonetiidae" genus="Argyromiges" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyromiges" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Argyromiges</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Uhlerella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Uhlerella" order="Hemiptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Uhlerella</taxonomicName>
, new species.&quot;
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="57">
&quot;This resembles
<taxonomicName genus="Pseudacaciella" lsidName="Pseudacaciella" pageId="28" pageNumber="57" rank="genus">Pseudacaciella</taxonomicName>
, but is throughout of paler color, the fore wings being golden gray, with five white spots along their outer sides, of which the hindmost ones are small, the others quite large and bordered with blackish upon their anterior sides; and the black dot on the tip of the wings is here replaced by a short black stripe thrice as long as it is wide; whilst the hind wings and their fringes are pale silvery gray. These marks will suffice to distinguish this from the two preceding species.&quot;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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