244 lines
27 KiB
XML
244 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="0A99C80A53F625D9713B668A4FCEA34D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.175524" ID-GBIF-Dataset="80f089c6-4ecd-4946-8474-2e49f8c38b15" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="175524" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459812368320" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Dellacasa, Marco, Gordon, Robert D. & Dellacasa, Giovanni" docDate="2007" docId="EF2787D6DD014C71FF7F1B85ACBE9251" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01407p042.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1407" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Liothorax alternatus Horn 1870, new combination" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="26" masterDocId="131EFFAEDD024C75FFE8196FA8209373" masterDocTitle="Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="23" pageNumber="26" updateTime="1698221129907" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="DF033A0EF66283302DB68E801DF9C6C5" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="168145DA30DC55209F404A2E0EBC67C4">
|
||
<mods:title id="1B7D2992A554989C683359FFD363C214">Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="54AC4C65F326CFF3861A8B2F2D9D68CF" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="C0A419842A14CED96459E1EC742D318D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="308E7CB6EA10C2AB713FF51DFACA763D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="99F27FC67667495BD5479A0F24790428">Dellacasa, Marco</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="210197F16E4D939C697BD27DC6F29CDE" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="8E050B0A6FE6C12FEF370B9E0CC80411">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D9B37412A63CE085D8C12126337833A9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="5D9AD75925CF3CF8A77A43825990757F">Gordon, Robert D.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="FEF0E67D0699F1610190D49F1086D094" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="5B600CDA5DCB06D026838B148D086DBD">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="98BC9D3D9493C19856E5AF811FCC5607">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="F99901E01CA62111190E146618263353">Dellacasa, Giovanni</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="C243201A2E6B009F01CF7CE350FC89F6">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="4A9639390FFFBB01CD4E83096FCF384E" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="529B726B5F72AAEC2189B2BF4CF5E7A1">
|
||
<mods:title id="D102D5C3FDE66660493E7A5B13407FB5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="7BD80EA884881C5F932EC66A64A49CF5">
|
||
<mods:date id="3D055C469F730EDAC6FA9A5C38A67F17">2007</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="9D7E34CC460BBD044E05BC003898E490" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="F336DC908B50F4604433940114EFCD4A">1407</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="C736C46BAC3BA93BA158B9DFAE482D70" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="7A65DAD41533296211B63E0BF3CB2F42">23</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="A8EA1B9B5310F648E0E7A9220816C13C">42</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="2D39924F475555EE9002D36C94E1D411">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="ED27B399828674404CE92C2234F6DA38" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.175524</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="CCA06A325AD1C0B485FBC420833AD10F" type="GBIF-Dataset">80f089c6-4ecd-4946-8474-2e49f8c38b15</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="3AD77431305D0E6242A873F8ACDA59DC" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="D011B5CF5403DEEABEA6C1995BE22F20" type="Zenodo-Dep">175524</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="EF2787D6DD014C71FF7F1B85ACBE9251" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6251276" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119354083" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6251276" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EF2787D6DD014C71FF7F1B85ACBE9251" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EF2787D6DD014C71FF7F1B85ACBE9251" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<subSubSection id="2F94654BDD014C76FF7F1B85A9379054" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="673136C0DD014C76FF7F1B85AB3C9077" blockId="3.[151,796,746,807]" box="[151,796,746,772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<heading id="3C7981ACDD014C76FF7F1B85AB3C9077" bold="true" box="[151,796,746,772]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FF7F1B85AB3C9077" bold="true" box="[151,796,746,772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD014C76FF7F1B85AA189077" authority="Horn, 1870" authorityName="Horn" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,568,746,772]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Liothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FF7F1B85A9B19077" bold="true" box="[151,401,746,772]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Liothorax alternatus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD014C76FE481B85AA109077" author="Horn" box="[416,560,746,772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Horn, G. H. (1870) Description of the species of Aphodius and Dialytes of the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 3, 110 - 134." type="journal article" year="1870">Horn, 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4EC957A9DD014C76FDAE1B85AB3C9077" box="[582,796,746,772]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">new combination</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="673136C0DD014C76FF7F1A62A9379054" blockId="3.[151,796,746,807]" box="[151,279,781,807]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="FFB52A45DD014C76FF771A62A92E9054" box="[159,270,781,807]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1351,1375]" captionTargetBox="[427,1148,376,1282]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[401,1185,346,1335]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Liothorax alternatus (Horn, 1870) (Salton Sea, California, U. S. A.): 1. habitus of male; 2 – 3. aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view; 4. epipharynx; 5 – 7. color variations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Figs. 1–7</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2F94654BDD014C76FF7F1A37AAC1977C" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="673136C0DD014C76FF7F1A37ADBC90BC" blockId="3.[151,1436,856,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="479E11EEDD014C76FF7F1A37ADBC90BC" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD014C76FF7F1A37AA07901C" authority="Horn 1870: 129" authorityName="Horn" authorityPageNumber="129" authorityYear="1870" box="[151,551,856,879]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FF7F1A37A94E901C" box="[151,366,856,879]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Aphodius alternatus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD014C76FE941A37AA07901C" author="Horn" box="[380,551,856,879]" page="129" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" year="1870">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD014C76FE941A37A9D2901C" author="Horn" box="[380,498,856,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Horn, G. H. (1870) Description of the species of Aphodius and Dialytes of the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 3, 110 - 134." type="journal article" year="1870">Horn 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 129
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD014C76FDDA1A37AAF0901C" author="Horn" box="[562,720,856,879]" page="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" year="1887">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD014C76FDDA1A37AA89901C" author="Horn" box="[562,681,856,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Horn, G. H. (1887) A monograph of the Aphodiini inhabiting the United States. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 14, 1 - 110." type="journal article" year="1887">Horn 1887</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 22
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD014C76FD331A37ABBE901C" author="Gordon" box="[731,926,856,879]" page="164" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD014C76FD331A37AB4C901C" author="Gordon" box="[731,876,856,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1977) Studies on the genus Aphodius of the United States and Canada. V. An evaluation of Horn's group F. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79 (2), 157 - 167." type="journal article" year="1977">Gordon 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 164
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="B8358862DD014C76FC441A37AC30901C" box="[940,1040,856,879]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD014C76FF7F1A17AA9090FC" authority="Schmidt 1913: 143" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="143" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,688,888,911]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus" subGenus="Volinus">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FF7F1A17A9F590FC" box="[151,469,888,911]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Aphodius (Volinus) alternatus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD014C76FE0B1A17AA9090FC" author="Schmidt" box="[483,688,888,911]" page="143" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" year="1913">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD014C76FE0B1A17AA5C90FC" author="Schmidt" box="[483,636,888,911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refString="Schmidt, A. (1913) Erster Versuch einer Einteilung der exotischen Aphodien in Subgenera und als Anhang einige Neubeschreibungen. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, Abt. A, 79, 117 - 178." type="journal article" year="1913">Schmidt 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 143
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD014C76FD541A17ABA990FC" author="Schmidt" box="[700,905,888,911]" page="176" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" year="1922">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD014C76FD541A17AB7490FC" author="Schmidt" box="[700,852,888,911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refString="Schmidt, A. (1922) Coleoptera Aphodiinae (Das Tierreich). W. de Gruyter, Berlin & Leipzig, 45, 1 - 614." type="journal article" year="1922">Schmidt 1922</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 176
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD014C76FC7C1A17AC6690FC" author="Hatch" box="[916,1094,888,911]" page="454" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" year="1971">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD014C76FC7C1A17AC3390FC" author="Hatch" box="[916,1043,888,911]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Hatch, M. H. (1971) The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part V: Rhypiceroidea, Sternoxi, Phytophaga, Rhynchophora and Lamellicornia. Publications in Biology. University of Washington, 16, 1 - 662." type="journal article" year="1971">Hatch 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 454
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD014C76FF7F1AF7AA1A90DC" authority="Robinson 1940: 147" authorityName="Robinson" authorityPageNumber="147" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,570,920,943]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FF7F1AF7A97290DC" box="[151,338,920,943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Aphodius inermis</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD014C76FE881AF7AA1A90DC" author="Robinson" box="[352,570,920,943]" page="147" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" year="1940">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD014C76FE881AF7AA2690DC" author="Robinson" box="[352,518,920,943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="42" refString="Robinson, M. (1940) Studies in the Scarabaeidae. II. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 66, 141 - 159." type="journal article" year="1940">Robinson 1940</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 147
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD014C76FDAD1AF7AB2990DC" author="Gordon" box="[581,777,920,943]" page="164" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD014C76FDAD1AF7AAF690DC" author="Gordon" box="[581,726,920,943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1977) Studies on the genus Aphodius of the United States and Canada. V. An evaluation of Horn's group F. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79 (2), 157 - 167." type="journal article" year="1977">Gordon 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 164
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD014C76FC251AF7AC7790DC" box="[973,1111,920,943]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FC251AF7ABFD90DC" box="[973,989,920,943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FC031AF7AC7790DC" box="[1003,1111,920,943]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">alternatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD014C76FB851AF7AD6790DC" author="Dellacasa" box="[1133,1351,920,943]" page="236" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" year="1988">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD014C76FB851AF7AD3590DC" author="Dellacasa" box="[1133,1301,920,943]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Dellacasa, M. (1988) Contribution to a world-wide Catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae. (Part I). (1987). Memorie della Societa entomologica Italiana, 66 [1987], 1 - 455." type="journal article" year="1988">Dellacasa 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 236
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD014C76FF7F1AD7AAC790BC" authority="Hatch 1971: 457" authorityName="Hatch" authorityPageNumber="457" authorityYear="1971" box="[151,743,952,975]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moclipsi" subGenus="Calamosternus">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FF7F1AD7AA3C90BC" box="[151,540,952,975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Aphodius (Calamosternus) moclipsi</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD014C76FDC51AD7AAC790BC" author="Hatch" box="[557,743,952,975]" page="457" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" year="1971">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD014C76FDC51AD7AA8F90BC" author="Hatch" box="[557,687,952,975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Hatch, M. H. (1971) The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part V: Rhypiceroidea, Sternoxi, Phytophaga, Rhynchophora and Lamellicornia. Publications in Biology. University of Washington, 16, 1 - 662." type="journal article" year="1971">Hatch 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 457
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD014C76FD1C1AD7AB9D90BC" author="Gordon" box="[756,957,952,975]" page="164" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" year="1977">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD014C76FD1C1AD7ABA890BC" author="Gordon" box="[756,904,952,975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Gordon, R. D. (1977) Studies on the genus Aphodius of the United States and Canada. V. An evaluation of Horn's group F. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79 (2), 157 - 167." type="journal article" year="1977">Gordon 1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 164
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(as a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD014C76FB671AD7AD3B90BC" box="[1167,1307,952,975]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FB671AD7ACBF90BC" box="[1167,1183,952,975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">A</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FB471AD7AD3B90BC" box="[1199,1307,952,975]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">alternatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD014C76FADC1AD7ADBC90BC" author="Dellacasa" box="[1332,1436,952,975]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Dellacasa, M. (1988) Contribution to a world-wide Catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae. (Part I). (1987). Memorie della Societa entomologica Italiana, 66 [1987], 1 - 455." type="journal article" year="1988">Dellacasa</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="673136C0DD014C76FF2F1AB7A912909C" blockId="3.[151,1436,856,1039]" box="[199,306,984,1007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<bibRef id="BE2EA236DD014C76FF2F1AB7A912909C" box="[199,306,984,1007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="book chapter">
|
||
<year id="13267793DD014C76FF2F1AB7A920909C" box="[199,256,984,1007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">1988</year>
|
||
:
|
||
<pagination id="5E47C834DD014C76FEE21AB7A912909C" box="[266,306,984,1007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="pagination">335</pagination>
|
||
</bibRef>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="673136C0DD014C76FF7F1A97AAC1977C" blockId="3.[151,1436,856,1039]" box="[151,737,1016,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="479E11EEDD014C76FF7F1A97AAC1977C" box="[151,737,1016,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD014C76FF7F1A97AAC1977C" authority="Dellacasa 1988: 85" authorityName="Dellacasa" authorityPageNumber="85" authorityYear="1988" box="[151,737,1016,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Aphodius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus" subGenus="Chilothorax">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FF7F1A97AA28977C" box="[151,520,1016,1039]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Aphodius (Chilothorax) alternatus</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E62F10D1DD014C76FDFD1A97AAC1977C" author="Dellacasa" box="[533,737,1016,1039]" page="85" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" year="1988">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD014C76FDFD1A97AA9D977C" author="Dellacasa" box="[533,701,1016,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="41" refString="Dellacasa, M. (1988) Contribution to a world-wide Catalogue of Aegialiidae, Aphodiidae, Aulonocnemidae, Termitotrogidae. (Part I). (1987). Memorie della Societa entomologica Italiana, 66 [1987], 1 - 455." type="journal article" year="1988">Dellacasa 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 85
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2F94654BDD014C76FF7F1D52AC8495A1" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="673136C0DD014C76FF7F1D52AB6F9724" blockId="3.[151,1436,1085,2007]" box="[151,847,1085,1111]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FF7F1D52A90D9725" box="[151,301,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<typeStatus id="B8358862DD014C76FF7F1D52A8EE9725" box="[151,206,1085,1110]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: California,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1F997650DD014C76FE291D52AA329724" box="[449,530,1085,1111]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
(for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD014C76FDA51D52AB1F9725" box="[589,831,1085,1110]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Liothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FDA51D52AB1F9725" box="[589,831,1085,1110]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Liothorax alternatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="673136C0DD014C76FF2E1D0CA9B997D1" blockId="3.[151,1436,1085,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FF2E1D0CA9A5970F" box="[198,389,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<typeStatus id="B8358862DD014C76FF2E1D0CA8DD970F" box="[198,253,1123,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
depository
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1F997650DD014C76FAFC1D0DAD45970F" box="[1300,1381,1122,1148]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
(for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A08E4D43DD014C76FF7F1DE7A9A997D2" box="[151,393,1160,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Aphodiidae" genus="Liothorax" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alternatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FF7F1DE7A9A997D2" box="[151,393,1160,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Liothorax alternatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="673136C0DD014C76FF2E1DC2AC8495A1" blockId="3.[151,1436,1085,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FF2E1DC2A94997B5" box="[198,361,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Redescription</emphasis>
|
||
: Length 4.0–6.0 mm; body moderately elongate, convex, shiny, glabrous. Color black; clypeal margin red; pronotum with weak red coloration laterally, elytra with interstriae alternating yellow and black; legs reddish brown; antennal club piceous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FFB52A45DD014C76FD101D97AB649661" box="[760,836,1272,1298]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1351,1375]" captionTargetBox="[427,1148,376,1282]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[401,1185,346,1335]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Liothorax alternatus (Horn, 1870) (Salton Sea, California, U. S. A.): 1. habitus of male; 2 – 3. aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view; 4. epipharynx; 5 – 7. color variations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
); some individuals have black elytra with second interstria, basal and apical margins dark yellow (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FFB52A45DD014C76FD3F1C72AB3F9644" box="[727,799,1309,1335]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1351,1375]" captionTargetBox="[427,1148,376,1282]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[401,1185,346,1335]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Liothorax alternatus (Horn, 1870) (Salton Sea, California, U. S. A.): 1. habitus of male; 2 – 3. aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view; 4. epipharynx; 5 – 7. color variations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
); some individuals have entirely black elytra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="FFB52A45DD014C76FAAC1C72ADAD9644" box="[1348,1421,1309,1335]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 7" captionStartId="4.[151,269,1351,1375]" captionTargetBox="[427,1148,376,1282]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[401,1185,346,1335]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 7. Liothorax alternatus (Horn, 1870) (Salton Sea, California, U. S. A.): 1. habitus of male; 2 – 3. aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view; 4. epipharynx; 5 – 7. color variations." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175525/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head anteriomedially moderately convex, with sparse, coarse, evenly spaced punctures; punctation more irregular, coarser distally. Clypeus weakly sinuate medially, widely rounded laterally, distinctly bordered; border weakly upturned; genae obtusely rounded with short setae, protruding beyond eyes; front with coarse, evenly spaced punctures. Pronotum moderately transverse with evenly spaced, moderately dense punctures; punctation denser laterally; lateral margins weakly arcuate with thin border; hind angles obtusely rounded; base arcuate with fine border, sometimes border obsolete medially. Scutellum weakly excavate, smooth, with fine punctures on basal half. Elytra almost parallel-sided; striae well defined with distinct punctures, subcrenulate; interstriae flat with irregular, distinct punctures.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1F997650DD014C76FC9C1F27AB8F9511" box="[884,943,1608,1634]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Hind</collectingCountry>
|
||
tibiae with superior apical spur slightly longer than first tarsomere; first tarsomere longer than following two combined. Male fore tibiae with apical spur broad, evenly curved inward at apex; head and pronotum more transverse with less coarse, less dense punctures than in female. Female fore tibiae with apical spur evenly acuminate apically.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2F94654BDD014C71FF2E1FB2ACBE9251" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="673136C0DD014C76FF2E1FB2A99B94C1" blockId="3.[151,1436,1085,2007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FF2E1FB2A9759585" box="[198,341,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1F997650DD014C76FE8D1FB2A99D9584" box="[357,445,1757,1783]" name="Canada" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(British
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1F997650DD014C76FDCE1FB2AAB99584" box="[550,665,1757,1783]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Columbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
to Manitoba);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1F997650DD014C76FCA21FB2ABBB9584" box="[842,923,1757,1783]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">U.S.A.</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Washington to southern California, east to Michigan). In HAHC there is a specimen from Tacubaya (
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1F997650DD014C76FCAF1E6DAB87946F" box="[839,935,1794,1820]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Distrito Federal),
|
||
<date id="13301000DD014C76FB6A1E6DACD0946F" box="[1154,1264,1794,1820]" pageId="3" pageNumber="26" value="1974-02-07">7.II.1974</date>
|
||
, Col. B. Kohlmann, ex coll. Martínez, “anegado alberca” [drowned in a cistern]. However, the identification of this specimen is doubtful because of it is a female and the pronotum has irregular, dual punctures instead of even punctures. Before we can state that this taxon occurs in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1F997650DD014C76FCC71E1DABAC94FF" box="[815,908,1906,1932]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this collecting record needs to be confirmed with addition specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="673136C0DD014C71FF2E1ED2ACBE9251" blockId="3.[151,1436,1085,2007]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,290]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">
|
||
<emphasis id="55FAEAD2DD014C76FF2E1ED2A90E94A5" box="[198,302,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="26">Bionomy</emphasis>
|
||
: This is a winter and early summer species, which is usually taken near margins of ponds and streams. Specimens can be found around prairie sloughs and lakes either up on bordering vegetation or crawling on the ground (Gordon, personal observation). Larvae are sometimes found in golf turf (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD064C71FB3E19D2AD4193A4" author="Hatch" box="[1238,1377,189,215]" pageId="4" pageNumber="41" refString="Hatch, M. H. (1971) The beetles of the Pacific Northwest. Part V: Rhypiceroidea, Sternoxi, Phytophaga, Rhynchophora and Lamellicornia. Publications in Biology. University of Washington, 16, 1 - 662." type="journal article" year="1971">Hatch 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and are also observed on the surface of vernal pools and climbing on the stems of plants growing in the water (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="031F4B31DD064C71FF771867A91A9251" author="Rogers" box="[159,314,264,290]" pageId="4" pageNumber="42" refString="Rogers, D. C. (1997) Aphodius alternatus Horn, first record of a semiaquatic scarab beetle. Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 73 (2), 135 - 136." type="journal article" year="1997">Rogers 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Massive congregations of this species are sometimes observed in flight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |