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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4834" ID-PMC="PMC4411497" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-3-4834" ID-PubMed="25941452" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1314-2828-3-e4834" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 3" ModsDocTitle="Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Turkish Thrace, with a new record for Turkey" checkinTime="1451253136992" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sirin, Uemit Davut, Caliskan, Hakan &amp; Sahin, Yalcin" docDate="2015" docId="EE7B8FC9A42953CF16D215622ACE0E23" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 3: e4834" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 3" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e4834" docTitle="Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum Enderlein 1924" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="4834" masterDocId="FFCEFF99FFFEFFB6FFF0F01FAD59FFC4" masterDocTitle="Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Turkish Thrace, with a new record for Turkey" masterLastPageNumber="4834" masterPageNumber="4834" pageNumber="4834" updateTime="1668123005021" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Turkish Thrace, with a new record for Turkey</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Sirin, Uemit Davut</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Caliskan, Hakan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart>Sahin, Yalcin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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<taxonomicName authority="Enderlein, 1924" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1924" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcanicum" subGenus="Wilhelmia">Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924)</taxonomicName>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Materials</paragraph>
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. Occurrence: lifeStage:
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,
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pharate adult; lifeStage:
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; stateProvince: Edirne; county: Merkez; locationRemarks: 58; verbatimLatitude:
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163; Event: eventDate:
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; verbatimLongitude:
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; Identification: identificationID:
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165; Event: eventDate:
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,
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<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
pharate adult; lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="pupa">3 pupae</specimenCount>
; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Turkey</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kırklareli">Kirklareli</normalizedToken>
; county: Babaeski; locationRemarks: 103; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.45231">41°27'8.31&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.04558">27°2'44.09&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identificationID:
<normalizedToken originalValue="esoguent-th-ıd-">esoguent-th-id-</normalizedToken>
171; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" value="06/07/2002">06/07/2002</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="07/08/2003" country="Turkey" latitude="41.710617" location="Turkey" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.262955" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-pupa="2" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Turkey</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kırklareli">Kirklareli</normalizedToken>
; county: Merkez; locationRemarks: 124; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.710617">41°42'38.22&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.262955">27°15'46.64&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identificationID:
<normalizedToken originalValue="esoguent-th-ıd-">esoguent-th-id-</normalizedToken>
172; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" value="07/08/2003">07/08/2003</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="05/24/2006" country="Turkey" latitude="41.21144" location="Turkey" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.95444" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-pupa="2" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="pupa">2 pupae</specimenCount>
; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Turkey</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tekirdağ">Tekirdag</normalizedToken>
; county:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çorlu">Corlu</normalizedToken>
; locationRemarks: 130; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.21144">41°12'41.18&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.95444">27°57'15.98&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identificationID:
<normalizedToken originalValue="esoguent-th-ıd-">esoguent-th-id-</normalizedToken>
173; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" value="05/24/2006">05/24/2006</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="05/24/2006" country="Turkey" latitude="41.145893" location="Turkey" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="27.648312" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-pupa="5" typeStatus="Other material">
Type status:
<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Other material</typeStatus>
. Occurrence: lifeStage:
<specimenCount type="pupa">5 pupae</specimenCount>
; Taxon: scientificName: Simulium (Wilhelmia) balcanicum (Enderlein, 1924); kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Simuliidae; genus: Simulium; subgenus: Wilhelmia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Enderlein, 1924); Location: continent: Europe; country:
<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Turkey</collectingCountry>
; stateProvince:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tekirdağ">Tekirdag</normalizedToken>
; county:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Çorlu">Corlu</normalizedToken>
; locationRemarks: 131; verbatimLatitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="41.145893">41°8'45.21&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
; verbatimLongitude:
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.648312">27°38'53.92&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; Identification: identificationID:
<normalizedToken originalValue="esoguent-th-ıd-">esoguent-th-id-</normalizedToken>
174; Event: eventDate:
<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" value="05/24/2006">05/24/2006</collectingDate>
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Notes</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium balcanicum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcanicum">Simulium balcanicum</taxonomicName>
was reported from four big river basins,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Büyük">Bueyuek</normalizedToken>
Menderes,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yeşilırmak">Yesilirmak</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kızılırmak">Kizilirmak</normalizedToken>
and Sakarya, in Anatolia according to the checklist of Turkish black flies (
<bibRefCitation author="Kazanci, N." journalOrPublisher="Review of Hidrobiology" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" pagination="129 - 144" title="Checklist of the Simuliidae (Insecta, Diptera) of Turkey" volume="2" year="2008">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kazancı">Kazanci</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ertunç">Ertunc</normalizedToken>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
).
<bibRefCitation author="Crosskey, R. W." journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" pagination="21 - 48" title="New faunal records, with taxonomic annotations, for the blackflies of Turkey (Diptera, Simuliidae)" volume="29" year="2007">Crosskey and Zwick (2007)</bibRefCitation>
stated that it is widespread in western Anatolia.
<bibRefCitation author="Sirin, U. D." journalOrPublisher="Munis Entomology &amp; Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" pagination="822 - 831" title="Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) records from east Marmara region" volume="9" year="2014">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Şirin">Sirin</normalizedToken>
et al. (2014)
</bibRefCitation>
recorded this species eleven different streams in East Marmara Region. Additionally,
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. balcanicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" rank="species" species="balcanicum">S. balcanicum</taxonomicName>
occurs in the adjacent western countries of Turkey, such as Bulgaria, Greece and Romania.
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Simulium balcanicum" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="balcanicum">Simulium balcanicum</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lineatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" rank="species" species="lineatum">S. lineatum</taxonomicName>
. The diagnostic character separating the two nominal species is in the pupal gill: in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lineatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" rank="species" species="lineatum">S. lineatum</taxonomicName>
all six inner gill tubes arise independently from the gill base, whereas in
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. balcanicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" rank="species" species="balcanicum">S. balcanicum</taxonomicName>
the posterior pair of inner gill tubes arises in the form of a fork with a common stem (
<bibRefCitation author="Crosskey, R. W." journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" pagination="21 - 48" title="New faunal records, with taxonomic annotations, for the blackflies of Turkey (Diptera, Simuliidae)" volume="29" year="2007">Crosskey and Zwick 2007</bibRefCitation>
). All of our pupae and mature larvae have the balcanicum type of gills.
<bibRefCitation author="Crosskey, R. W." journalOrPublisher="Aquatic Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" pagination="21 - 48" title="New faunal records, with taxonomic annotations, for the blackflies of Turkey (Diptera, Simuliidae)" volume="29" year="2007">Crosskey and Zwick (2007)</bibRefCitation>
doubted that
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lineatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" rank="species" species="lineatum">S. lineatum</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. balcanicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" rank="species" species="balcanicum">S. balcanicum</taxonomicName>
are separate species. Because of similarity in the terminalia, the authors predicted that
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. balcanicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" rank="species" species="balcanicum">S. balcanicum</taxonomicName>
is not a distinct species, and that the name probably should be synonymized with
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lineatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" rank="species" species="lineatum">S. lineatum</taxonomicName>
. They suggested, however, that chromosomal data for both nominal species need to be considered before establishing synonymy.
<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="4834">Adler et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
analyzed the polytene chromosomes of these species in the
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kızılırmak">Kizilirmak</normalizedToken>
River and other sites in Europe and revealed that
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. lineatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" rank="species" species="lineatum">S. lineatum</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. balcanicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="4834" rank="species" species="balcanicum">S. balcanicum</taxonomicName>
are distinct, reproductively isolated species. They stated that chromosomally, these two species have fixed-inversion differences and unique autosomal polymorphisms.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>