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<mods:title id="A8C969E8E9F0FE320B1262F1A4B1E863">A contribution to the knowledge of Namibian Atherigona Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae), with the descriptions of four new species and two new subspecies</mods:title>
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<emphasis id="54ED9B712C6DFF88A7F714203B47A716" bold="true" box="[151,288,356,383]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Atherigona</emphasis>
(
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)
<emphasis id="54ED9B712C6DFF88A6BD14203828A716" bold="true" box="[477,591,356,383]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A53714203899A717" author="Schiner, I. R." box="[599,766,356,382]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="1 - 388" refId="ref37276" refString="Schiner, I. R. (1868) Diptera. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. 1. Abtheilung. B. K. Gerold's Sohn, Wien [Vienna], pp. i - vi + 1 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1597" type="book chapter" year="1868">Schiner, 1868</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="54ED9B712C6DFF88A7F714ED3B13A7A8" box="[151,372,425,449]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Atherigona orientalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A61E14ED3821A7A8" author="Schiner, I. R." box="[382,582,425,449]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="1 - 388" refId="ref37276" refString="Schiner, I. R. (1868) Diptera. In: Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wullerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. 1. Abtheilung. B. K. Gerold's Sohn, Wien [Vienna], pp. i - vi + 1 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 1597" type="book chapter" year="1868">Schiner, 1868: 295</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="E73861722C6DFF88A53414ED3941A7A8" author="Deeming, J. C." box="[596,806,425,449]" page="146" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" year="1971">
<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A53414ED3941A7A8" author="Deeming, J. C." box="[596,806,425,449]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="133 - 190" refId="ref34791" refString="Deeming, J. C. (1971) Some species of Atherigona Rondani (Diptera, Muscidae) from northern Nigeria, with special reference to those injurious to cereal crops. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 61, 133 - 190." type="journal article" year="1971">Deeming 1971: 146</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 7;
<treatmentCitation id="E73861722C6DFF88A41E14ED3E36A7A8" author="Deeming, J. C." box="[894,1105,425,449]" page="367" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" year="1978">
<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A41E14ED3E36A7A8" author="Deeming, J. C." box="[894,1105,425,449]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="367 - 370" refId="ref34953" refString="Deeming, J. C. (1978) Diptera Muscidae Atherigonini from the Comoros Archipelago. In: Faune Entomologique de l'archipel des Comores. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Serie A, 109, pp. 367 - 370." type="journal article" year="1978">Deeming 1978: 367</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="E73861722C6DFF88A33E14ED3F25A7A8" author="Clearwater, J. R." box="[1118,1346,425,449]" page="308" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" year="1981">
<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A33E14ED3F25A7A8" author="Clearwater, J. R." box="[1118,1346,425,449]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="303 - 312" refId="ref34457" refString="Clearwater, J. R. (1981) Practical identification of the females of five species of Atherigona Rondani (Diptera, Muscidae) in Kenya. Tropical Pest Management, 27, 303 - 312. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 09670878109413799" type="journal article" year="1981">Clearwater 1981: 308</bibRefCitation>
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, fig. 11;
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<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A7A7148C3869A789" author="Deeming, J. C. &amp; Overman, J. L." box="[199,526,456,480]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="117 - 120" refId="ref35456" refString="Deeming, J. C. &amp; Overman, J. L. (1987) A collection of Atherigona Rondani (Dipt., Muscidae) from Kenya and Uganda, with the description of a new species. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 123, 117 - 120." type="journal article" year="1987">Deeming &amp; Overman 1987: 117</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A578148C38D3A789" author="Pont, A. C." box="[536,692,456,480]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="312 - 365" refId="ref37023" refString="Pont, A. C. (1991) A review of the Fanniidae and Muscidae (Diptera) of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 12, 312 - 365." type="journal article" year="1991">Pont 1991: 342</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A5DE148C392AA789" author="Dike, M. C." box="[702,845,456,480]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="215 - 221" refId="ref35680" refString="Dike, M. C. (2003) Distributional patterns of Afrotropical species of Atherigona Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae). In: Proceedings of the workshop ' African Diptera - Biogeography &amp; Gondwanaland', 5 th International Congress of Dipterology, Brisbane, Australia, 29 September - 4 October 2002. Cimbebasia, 19, pp. 215 - 221." type="journal article" year="2003">Dike 2003: 18</bibRefCitation>
(distribution);
<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A485148C3EA3A789" author="Couri, M. S. &amp; Pont, A. C. &amp; Penny, N. D." box="[997,1220,455,480]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="799 - 923" refId="ref34505" refString="Couri, M. S., Pont, A. C. &amp; Penny, N. D. (2006) Muscidae (Diptera) from Madagascar: identification keys, descriptions of new species, and new records. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4, 57, 799 - 923." type="journal article" year="2006">
Couri
<emphasis id="54ED9B712C6DFF88A344148C3E37A789" box="[1060,1104,456,480]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">et al</emphasis>
. 2006: 810
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A3AD148C3FFFA789" author="Deeming, J. C." box="[1229,1432,456,480]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" refId="ref35244" refString="Deeming, J. C. (2008) Order Diptera, family Muscidae. In: van Harten, A. (Ed.), Arthropod fauna of the UAE. Vol. 1. Dar Al Ummah, Abu Dhabi, pp. 714 - 723." type="book" year="2008">Deeming 2008: 718</bibRefCitation>
;
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<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A7A714A23BF4A797" author="Deeming, J. C." box="[199,403,486,510]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="121 - 144" refId="ref35406" refString="Deeming, J. C. (2022) Some Afrotropical species of Atherigona Rondani (Diptera: Muscidae) revisited and a new species described. European Journal of Taxonomy, 847, 121 - 144. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2022.847.1987" type="journal article" year="2022">Deeming 2022: 140</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A6FE14A2380DA797" author="Deeming, J. C." box="[414,618,486,510]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="87 - 98" refId="ref35373" refString="Deeming, J. C. (2019 b) Atherigonini (Diptera, Muscidae) from Madagascar. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 66, 87 - 98." type="journal article" year="2019">Deeming 2019b: 93</bibRefCitation>
.
<taxonomicName id="A1993CE02C6DFF88A7F717413B91A474" authority="Thomson, [1869]" authorityName="Thomson" authorityYear="1869" box="[151,502,517,541]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Coenosia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excisa">
<emphasis id="54ED9B712C6DFF88A7F717413B5BA474" box="[151,316,517,541]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Coenosia excisa</emphasis>
Thomson, [1869]
</taxonomicName>
: 560.
<taxonomicName id="A1993CE02C6DFF88A7F717603879A452" authority="Stein, 1900: 157" authorityName="Stein" authorityPageNumber="157" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,542,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilineata">
<emphasis id="54ED9B712C6DFF88A7F717603B09A455" box="[151,366,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Atherigona trilineata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A61417603879A452" author="Stein, P." box="[372,542,547,572]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="129 - 59" refId="ref37527" refString="Stein, P. (1900) Anthomyiden aus Neu-Guinea, gesammelt von Herrn L. Biro. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek, 23, 129 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1910. tb 00528. x" type="journal article" year="1900">Stein, 1900: 157</bibRefCitation>
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.
<taxonomicName id="A1993CE02C6DFF88A7F717063830A433" authority="Grimshaw, 1901: 42" authorityName="Grimshaw" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,599,578,602]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Acritochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulvinata">
<emphasis id="54ED9B712C6DFF88A7F717063BE7A433" box="[151,384,578,602]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Acritochaeta pulvinata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A6E617063830A433" author="Grimshaw, P. H." box="[390,599,578,602]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref35997" refString="Grimshaw, P. H. (1901) Diptera. Fauna Hawaiiensis, 3, 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="1901">Grimshaw, 1901: 42</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="A1993CE02C6DFF88A7F717253857A410" authority="Stein, 1906: 66" authorityName="Stein" authorityPageNumber="66" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,560,609,633]" class="Insecta" family="Muscidae" genus="Atherigona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnipalpis">
<emphasis id="54ED9B712C6DFF88A7F717253BEAA410" box="[151,397,609,633]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Atherigona magnipalpis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A6F317253857A410" author="Stein, P." box="[403,560,609,633]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="33 - 80" refId="ref37573" refString="Stein, P. (1906) Die afrikanischen Anthomyiden des Konigl. Zoologischen Museums zu Berlin. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 51, 33 - 80. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8338189 (accessed 27 July 2024) https: // doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnd. 47919060104" type="journal article" year="1906">Stein, 1906: 66</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="54ED9B712C6DFF88A7F717E33B0DA4A8" box="[151,362,679,705]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Material examined</emphasis>
:
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146,
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,
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,
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, on dolomitic hill east slope
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;
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(
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.H. Kirk-Spriggs &amp; W. Mey, light trap;
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H.
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in dry woodland (all
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)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="662647632C6DFF88A7A716733ECCA588" blockId="27.[151,1437,679,1174]" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">
<emphasis id="54ED9B712C6DFF88A7A716733B4EA538" box="[199,297,823,849]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Remarks</emphasis>
: Larval development takes place in a wide variety of decaying fruits, in which larvae prey upon other soft-bodied insects, but are also able to develop in other breeding media, including faeces. For this reason,
<bibRefCitation id="02083A922C6DFF88A254161F3B25A5F3" author="Bohart, G. E. &amp; Gressitt, J. L." pageId="27" pageNumber="528" pagination="1 - 152" refId="ref34403" refString="Bohart, G. E. &amp; Gressitt, J. L. (1951) Filth-inhabiting flies of Guam. Bulletin of the Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 204, 1 - 152. Available from: https: // www. psu. edu / (accessed 27 July 2024)" type="journal article" year="1951">Bohart &amp; Gressitt (1951)</bibRefCitation>
, regarded the species as of major medical importance on the island of
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in the Pacific, due to its ability to transfer pathogenic organisms to human food. The immature stages were described in detail by
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, who included figures of the larval cephaloskeletons and details of the puparium.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="54ED9B712C6DFF88A7A716AF3B37A26C" box="[199,336,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="528">Distribution</emphasis>
: A common largely circumtropical species, occurring in all zoogeographical regions, except
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: (Afrotropical):
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, Réunion Is., Rodrigues Is.,
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Is. and
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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