189 lines
34 KiB
XML
189 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="CC0ED9F981A3C4AE696DF4FFB049F00C" ENCODING="UTF8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="42d66966-3941-40f7-8966-fe3a1262edf7" ModsDocID="21723" checkinTime="1249509611299" checkinUser="christiana" docAuthor="Shattuck, S. O." docDate="2008" docId="ED7CD2E3E4C7262686417D7706A77067" docLanguage="en" docName="21723.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1677" docSource="http://hol.osu.edu/reference-full.html?id=21723" docTitle="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="43" masterDocId="9B03551B3D600447DDB7848F2B04A391" masterDocTitle="Australian ants of the genus Aphaenogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." masterLastPageNumber="45" masterPageNumber="25" pageNumber="41" updateTime="1701311683067" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="39D14E8AE81077E91864D0029995B379">
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<mods:title id="89468C3A5622F404DB938B21F6B24255">Australian ants of the genus Aphaenogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8D126B4E3F91D6A1BB5EFD63CF2A2B83">Shattuck, S. O.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="718F4DD49B0C62C506FB3E24F25040E4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="FB560E9E7810C4BDAE39EAB1545C43DD">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="39057F11DC9BC56E6641E6A313E76C1E">1677</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="2EEE310D51FB8C570B9B29340DFFFD91">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="C18494AA6736E678FD96F095FD7E6066" type="HNS-Pub">21723</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="ED7CD2E3E4C7262686417D7706A77067" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6234151" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122526" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6234151" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:ED7CD2E3E4C7262686417D7706A77067" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/ED7CD2E3E4C7262686417D7706A77067" lastPageNumber="43" pageNumber="41">
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<subSubSection id="FAA1095E274B1586D593A336414E1A2C" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="40CC1FC34AD6D145D51BAFF2FD44FF9C" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="3852E199A01765757A5C5640EA5F220D" ID-CoL="5VKMJ" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25487" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia">Aphaenogaster pythia Forel</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E090B8875F58382EF36E3FE3C409763B" type="description">
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<paragraph id="304881C46D032769B58866772C933F00" pageNumber="41">(Figs 15, 16, 23, 30)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9D97D7369B0821DA819A224D4BE4CD85" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="CA7C21454411DFB50C06E472AE76EBE7" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="A2F606625D89A06E345DD0FA21AB7749" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:134174" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma) pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus="Deromyrma">Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma)pythia Forel</taxonomicName>
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, 1915: 76.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="79AE0D4A5D7B126BFA41AE6F8A6EEE67" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="F04386EF9141C9A69C4EDF80F334F98E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">Aphaenogaster longiceps</taxonomicName>
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: Mayr, 1876: 96 (misidentification recognised by M. R. Smith, 1961: 229).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B81B1520C20BEA4A8E1B5BDF4E493116" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="78D262DF4434EC3F3254DD50A972A741" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238898" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma) longiceps (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus="Deromyrma">Aphaenogaster (Deromyrma) longiceps</taxonomicName>
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: Forel, 1915: 75 (as
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<taxonomicName id="6939E372CE729CA885E0B5F2CFE2FAA0" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:224485" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster ruginota (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginota">A. ruginota</taxonomicName>
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, misidentification recognised by M. R. Smith, 1961: 229).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="67E9AD1CB5D8C25F292304B9978AF5D9" pageNumber="41">
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<taxonomicName id="A06FC4996BA70A59744A3D1C56B301F4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:251838" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster (Nystalomyrma) pythia" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus="Nystalomyrma">Aphaenogaster (Nystalomyrma) pythia Forel</taxonomicName>
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: Wheeler, 1916: 219.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0A006E4059F9210483B636F93EF3F007" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4CD259E57C3E1D9A69733BA69A74DF6D" pageNumber="41">
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Types. Neotype worker, Australia, Queensland, Millstream National Park, near Ravenshoe, 6 August, 1975, B. B. Lowery, dry sclerophyll (
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<collectionCode id="DAF7BE62508BA467F0C6C541288C455C" collectionName="Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra City, CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection">ANIC</collectionCode>
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) (
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<collectionCode id="49DDB9E5FEC164FFA0D1E52F16B15AFD" collectionName="Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra City, CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection">ANIC</collectionCode>
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32-031018) (additional non-type material from this nest series includes 40 workers, two queens (one dealate) and one male) (
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<collectionCode id="39518BDED286D96DEB4786C652B776F3" collectionName="Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra City, CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection">ANIC</collectionCode>
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32-000767) (
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<collectionCode id="552A7DB4650E6B55B434033F33681755" collectionName="Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra City, CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection">ANIC</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="3E708F1F13C2640B9FDFBBC4B472A11E" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology">MCZC</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="692E3B40A0AD4C96D3B9AECAC2A11A11" collectionName="Australia, Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland Museum">QMBA</collectionCode>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3BCAEB6919CEA2B417643D8B5574620F" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="FCF4EC98642C07C882CB96C05306B0E1" pageNumber="41">
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Diagnosis. Hairs on venter of head randomly distributed and not forming a distinct psammophore (Fig. 16); posterior margin of head nearly flat in full face view, extending laterally of the occipital collar before passing through a distinct posterolateral corner into the lateral margin of the head (Fig. 15); propodeal spines short (Fig. 16); scape relatively short (SI less than 125, Fig. 23). This species is most similar to
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<taxonomicName id="5D2BFCA607CD4EC226527B8B7B445D7E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:238202" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.bestMatchDistance="5145" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster reichelae Shattuck" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reichelae">A. reichelae</taxonomicName>
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, and can be separated from it by the relatively shorter scapes and in having distinct dorsal and posterior petiolar node faces.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A8D4C42F19780DF35A185392D78133B4" type="description">
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<paragraph id="EFE6D22A5F4F99DFA149C5596B55DD58" lastPageNumber="42" pageNumber="41">
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Description. Posterior margin of head nearly flat in full face view, extending laterally of the occipital collar before passing through a distinct posterolateral corner into the lateral margin of the head. Hairs on venter of head randomly distributed and not forming a distinct psammophore. Mandibular sculpture composed of
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<pageStartToken id="B02DEE300D398DFF4E8D47BE23D523DE" pageNumber="42">irregularly</pageStartToken>
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sized striations. Erect hairs on mesosomal dorsum tapering to sharp points. Propodeal spines short. Dorsal surfaces of propodeum and propodeal spines connected through a gentle concavity (so that the base of each spine is at approximately the same level as the dorsal surface of the propodeum). Petiolar node (in dorsal view) wider than long.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CF17D682B6284871568361BE421D0F68" pageNumber="42">Measurements. Worker (n = 12). CI 83-93; EI 15-22; EL 0.16-0.22; HL 0.97-1.39; HW 0.85-1.23; ML 1.34-1.94; MTL 0.75-1.13; SI 107-122; SL 1.02-1.40.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F022BEBD4F2AFDA6FD528D59BE33284A" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="74D6243E615049004C50F2BE5F346000" pageNumber="42">
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Material examined (in
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<collectionCode id="B352CD43C7725F5D7CBE709A85DD669B" collectionName="Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra City, CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection">ANIC</collectionCode>
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unless otherwise noted). New South Wales: Glenugie SF., 15mi.S Grafton (Lowery,B.B.); Macksville (Lowery,B.B.); Macksville, Warrell Ck. area (Lowery,B.B.); Murwillumbah (Lowery,B.B.); Port Macquarie (Pullen,R.); Round Mountain, Kingscliff (Lowery,B.B.); Terranora Lakes Golf course (Seymour,G.J.). Queensland: 10km W Herberton (Lowery,B.B.); 10mi. S Atherton; 12km W Paluma (Lowery,B.B.); 15km SbyE Byfield (Taylor,R.W. & Weir,T.A.); 18km S Banana (Lowery,B.B.); 20km N Cairns (Lowery,B.B.); 20km S Eton (Lowery,B.B.); 6km SSE Eungella (Taylor,R.W. & Weir,T.A.); 6mi. SW Karara (Greaves,T.); 8km W Tully, nr. Rocky Ck. Bridge (Lowery,B.B.); Atherton (A.H.W.); Bauple, State Forest 958 (Vanderwoude,C.); Brookfield (Greenslade,P.J.M.); Bruce Hwy, 5km N Aphis Ck., 54km N Marlborough (Lowery,B.B.); c. 8km W Paluma (Taylor,R.W. & Feehan,J.E.); Cedar Creek, Tamborine Mt. (Brown,W.L.); Clohesy River (Greaves,T.); Como Scarp (Greenslade,P.J.M.); Cooloola, Chalamban [Chalambar] (Greenslade,P.J.M.); Cooloola, Como Scarp (Greenslade,P.J.M.); Cooloola, Noosa R. (Greenslade,P.J.M.); Egger Farm Paddock, Yungaburra (Cutter,A.D.); Gore (Lowery,B.B.); Herberton (Lowery,B.B.); Highvale (Marks) (Barrett,J.H.); Kirrama Forest (Greenslade,P.J.M.); Koah (Wheeler,W.M.); L. Eacham NP (Taylor,R.W.); Mackay (Turner,G.); Mareeba (Lowery,B.B.); Millstream NP nr. Ravenshoe (Lowery,B.B.); Mt. Mort, Grandchester (Greaves,T.); Noosa River, Cooloola Natl Pk (Greenslade,P.J.M.); Obi Obi Ck., Blackall Ra. (Taylor,R.W.); Scraggy Pt., Hinchinbrook Is. (Ward,P.S.) (
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<collectionCode id="307607B794B748A5C491A6A5E66971A1" collectionName="Australia, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra City, CSIRO, Australian National Insect Collection">ANIC</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectionCode id="EA937CBC0101C53C3258F761AEB9B95D" collectionName="PSWC">PSWC</collectionCode>
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); St. Lawrence (Cudmore,F.A.); Thurling Farm, Malanda (Cutter,A.D.); Tully (Lowery,B.B.); Wallaman Falls (Lowery,B.B.); West Coorey [Cooroy West]. Papua New Guinea: Bulolo (Lowery,B.B.); Wau, goldfields (Lowery,B.B.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="01BD2DDD7822C4728530B60CD5DD31AA" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="4AA970FE28E990E62DCDF5C591EB432C" pageNumber="42">Comments. This is a fairly wide ranging species and the only species to occur outside Australia (in Papua New Guinea). Its main range is coastal northern New South Wales north through Queensland, with a smaller disjunct population in southern PNG (Fig. 30). Given this wide distribution and the broad range of habitats in which it is found (see below), it is curious that in Australia this species occurs in three fairly narrow regions separated by areas where it is apparently absent. There is no morphological evidence to indicate that more than one species is involved, yet this distribution pattern might suggest otherwise. Additional investigation into this pattern may be well rewarded.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9920FFFEB10517DAE59AAEE8312289FE" pageNumber="42">
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<taxonomicName id="CF067105C2B8F07A88EA2F9BD374DEDB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25487" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">Aphaenogaster pythia</taxonomicName>
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occurs in a wide range of habitats including coastal scrub, dry sclerophyll, suburban parks and pastures, wet sclerophyll and rainforests. Nests are either in the open with large funnel-shaped entrances or under rocks or logs on the ground. The biology of this species was discussed by Hitchcock (1958) and its control by Hitchcock (1962).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FCF8AC93E15E081D213C0C91C14E2FAF" lastPageNumber="43" pageNumber="42">
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The nomenclatural history of this species is rather complex. Forel (1915) stated that there were two species of Australian
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<taxonomicName id="217C363991CF18754C9707005CC8ECA5" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2351" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aphaenogaster</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="53C25D089B8B4CB36EF89CCDEA190EA8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">longiceps</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="66FFA8BA37C0BAA25AD237E7AC69FC53" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:224485" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster ruginota (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginota">ruginota</taxonomicName>
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, and listed differences between them. He then said "Sollte der Typus von Smith irgendwo zum Vorschein kommen und sich gegen meine Annahme als mit
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<taxonomicName id="535618864B2794B45DA431DB13F5D259" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:224485" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster ruginota (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginota">ruginota</taxonomicName>
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und nicht mit Mayr's Typen identisch erweisen, schlage ich fur letztere den Namen
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<taxonomicName id="F15A08AE07A93A01DDA6209CFA82D462" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25487" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">pythia</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D520D3BE92E68942F582217A2B2B0B5C" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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vor." ["Should the type of Smith appear somewhere and turn out identical, against my assumption, with
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<taxonomicName id="55E984838E871BB2BB2A1754B27E5637" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:224485" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster ruginota (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginota">ruginota</taxonomicName>
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and not with Mayr's [1862] types, I suggest for the latter the name
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<taxonomicName id="0F5C2DB19F694CF41EB910F7B3F17225" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25487" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">pythia</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="6956BC41509834DF8E734CB6C1A6BF3F" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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"] (Mayr (1862) had described queens and males under the name
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<taxonomicName id="F350597FEF1FF842CCCF8E34F389C6A8" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">longiceps</taxonomicName>
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from four localities, Gayndah, Peak Downs, Rockhampton and Sydney.) To resolve the identity of
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<taxonomicName id="A052B1CF3BB015A3A597BB623AB9C71F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">longiceps Wheeler</taxonomicName>
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(1916) sent samples to H. Donisthorpe (British Museum (Natural History), London) for direct comparison with the Smith type of
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<taxonomicName id="3085B5280F1A92E86F24F5B3AE54CD05" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">longiceps</taxonomicName>
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. Wheeler (1916) reports that "[Donisthorpe] writes me that [Smith's] type is undoubtedly what Forel calls
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<taxonomicName id="554CA63E4E9630FA84A2A47ECE851ADC" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:224485" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster ruginota (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginota">ruginota</taxonomicName>
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, and not what he calls
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<taxonomicName id="5D008D61CCE90A5A266F259FFAF4E731" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">longiceps</taxonomicName>
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. Hence
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<taxonomicName id="732F6415F55A41A76D8F193F9983B504" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:224485" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster ruginota (Forel)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ruginota">ruginota</taxonomicName>
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becomes a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="C27F8E555D77A5243F307DD9AA60CB9E" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">longiceps, Smith</taxonomicName>
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, and the rarer Queensland
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<pageStartToken id="051A76979AB56C1E6D451172C66F92DB" pageNumber="43">form</pageStartToken>
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, Forel's
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<taxonomicName id="50B26174F8DF735C7132ACFFC501D8EB" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">longiceps</taxonomicName>
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, which was unknown to Smith, must take the name
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<taxonomicName id="2B1ACE12EE5D9D6F6D908F0785E44683" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25487" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">pythia, Forel</taxonomicName>
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." A few lines later Wheeler states that "Mayr probably confused both species" and that "... as [Mayr] introduced no new names his interpretation is now a matter of little moment." Finally, Wheeler lists the type locality for
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<taxonomicName id="3471F83A6B4A3C076401CA769CC98687" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25487" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">pythia</taxonomicName>
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as Herberton, one of the localities mentioned by Forel (1915) for specimens he examined under the name
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<taxonomicName id="F3E451256062A72FCC1B4E9DDAF5E625" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">longiceps</taxonomicName>
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. It seems clear that Wheeler (1916) interpreted Forel's name
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<taxonomicName id="93FD03FC1AC66785F8653D76F4517260" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25487" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">pythia</taxonomicName>
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as applying to material examined by Forel (1915) under the name
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<taxonomicName id="9B90DB0C51899863F6698508BCC7D81C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">longiceps</taxonomicName>
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, and not to material examined by Mayr (1862) (although the comment "... and the rarer Queensland form" is puzzling as it seems to apply to
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<taxonomicName id="F0341AB0022266FCD6DBF112BAF28B8B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25487" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">pythia</taxonomicName>
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rather than
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<taxonomicName id="AF5326EA78A3D36C8AD129DD0D2BFC21" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">longiceps</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AACF08B620CA18BFC3125546DDDCD9EE" pageNumber="43">
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Smith (1961) next examined
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<taxonomicName id="96372810FCE860EB7E764EFDE437B172" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25487" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">pythia</taxonomicName>
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during a study of Papua New Guinean species of
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<taxonomicName id="3198CFA6DF9BA9BA3460ACF9AE3362E9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2351" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aphaenogaster</taxonomicName>
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. He states that "Forel 1915 assigned the provisional name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FED74F4CC555FFB0C842051DB0E439FE" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25487" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">pythia</taxonomicName>
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to the specimens studied by Mayr [1862] should they prove to be not
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4EA9D216EAC373DDB34029115C28AB02" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">longiceps</taxonomicName>
|
|
or any previous described species" and "Wheeler errored however in designating Herberton, Queensland, as the type locality of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B2183D307CFE71A510DF4D52AEA3FA8D" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25487" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">pythia</taxonomicName>
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|
as none of the specimens studied by Mayr came from there." Thus Smith (1961) interpreted Forel (1915) as establishing a new available name by indication for material referred to by Mayr (1862) and not for material identified as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1DA1AC65009859837BCB507307135491" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25453" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster longiceps (Smith)" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longiceps" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">longiceps</taxonomicName>
|
|
by Forel (1915), as Wheeler (1916) had.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4AE3615CCC7185B3E7B397982FF717EB" pageNumber="43">
|
|
Of these two interpretations, Smith's (1961) is here accepted as the correct one. Given this, the type material for the name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="25E23A8735711DDEE5333517E28C5B62" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25487" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">pythia</taxonomicName>
|
|
becomes that examined by Mayr (1862). Unfortunately this material was destroyed during World War I (Smith 1961), leaving the name without extant type material. Thus it is currently impossible to know to what species the name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="52E106C848085EAFFCD94E5F3E16F115" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25487" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">pythia</taxonomicName>
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should be applied. Even without type material, essentially all authors since Wheeler (1916) have followed the concept developed by Wheeler (1916) for the species to which this name has been applied. This situation is certainly less than ideal and has the potential to cause considerable disruption to the nomenclature of this group. To resolve this confusion a neotype is here designated for Forel's
|
|
<taxonomicName id="19C94ACB2C853A620E39F608F0896D68" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:25487" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aphaenogaster" genus.bestMatchDistance="1963" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Aphaenogaster pythia Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pythia" subGenus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" subGenus.innerRound="1" subGenus.outerRound="1">A. pythia</taxonomicName>
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|
.
|
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |