197 lines
15 KiB
XML
197 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.195.2342" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4882baaf-3747-4865-87e1-49e725955118" ID-PMC="PMC3361087" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-195-1" ID-PubMed="22679386" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-195-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 195" ModsDocTitle="The velvet spiders: an atlas of the Eresidae (Arachnida, Araneae)" checkinTime="1451249010182" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Miller, Jeremy A., Griswold, Charles E., Scharff, Nikolaj, Řezac, Milan, Szűts, Tamas & Marhabaie, Mohammad" docDate="2012" docId="EC55B63D1BE9C3B1AB9DA81B85916A56" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 195: 1-144" docOrigin="ZooKeys 195" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.195.2342" docTitle="Paradonea parva" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="74" masterDocId="FFABFFD09B65FF5EFFA6FFE4FFE1FFC2" masterDocTitle="The velvet spiders: an atlas of the Eresidae (Arachnida, Araneae)" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="72" updateTime="1668153919305" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The velvet spiders: an atlas of the Eresidae (Arachnida, Araneae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Miller, Jeremy A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Griswold, Charles E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scharff, Nikolaj</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Řezac, Milan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Szűts, Tamas</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Marhabaie, Mohammad</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>195</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>144</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.195.2342</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.195.2342</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-195-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152035673" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC55B63D1BE9C3B1AB9DA81B85916A56" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC55B63D1BE9C3B1AB9DA81B85916A56" lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Paradonea_parva" authority="Tucker" class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea parva" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">Paradonea parva (Tucker)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–I70A–F">D-I70A-F</normalizedToken>
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71
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Adonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Adonea parva" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">Adonea parva</taxonomicName>
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Tucker, 1920: 451, pl. 28, fig. 2.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea parva" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">Paradonea parva</taxonomicName>
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(Tucker, 1920).
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<bibRefCitation author="Lawrence, RF" journalOrPublisher="Annales of the Natal Museum" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="109 - 121" title="Four new spiders from southern Africa (Araneae)." volume="20" year="1968">Lawrence 1968</bibRefCitation>
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: 116.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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Distinguished from other eresids except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Seothyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seothyra" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Seothyra</taxonomicName>
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and some
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Stegodyphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodyphus" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stegodyphus</taxonomicName>
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by the embolic division, which is much longer than the tegular division (Fig. 14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–I">D-I</normalizedToken>
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); distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Seothyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seothyra" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Seothyra</taxonomicName>
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by the median eye group, which have the PME clearly larger than the AME (AME/PME ca. 0.5, Fig. 70F; median eyes small and subequal
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Seothyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seothyra" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Seothyra</taxonomicName>
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, Fig. 10K); distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Stegodyphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodyphus" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stegodyphus</taxonomicName>
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by having the PLE position>0.33 (<0.28 in
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Stegodyphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodyphus" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stegodyphus</taxonomicName>
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). By contrast with most other eresids (except
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea striatipes" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatipes">Paradonea striatipes</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea presleyi" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="presleyi">Paradonea presleyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Seothyra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Seothyra" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Seothyra</taxonomicName>
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, and some
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Stegodyphus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stegodyphus" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Stegodyphus</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea parva" order="Araneae" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">Paradonea parva</taxonomicName>
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has a slightly enlarged leg I (Fig. 70D, E).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72" type="note">
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<paragraph pageId="71" pageNumber="72">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="72" lastPageNumber="73" pageId="71" pageNumber="72">
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The holotype specimen is bleached and damaged (Figs 14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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, 70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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). The description is based mostly on better preserved, putatively conspecific individuals.
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<pageBreakToken pageId="72" pageNumber="73" start="start">However</pageBreakToken>
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, there are morphological differences including carapace shape (compare Fig. 70C with Fig. 70F) and the shape of the palpal conductor (compare Fig. 14E with Fig. 14H), which could be taken to mean that there is more than one species in this complex. But for now, we attribute these differences to preservation artifacts. The discovery and examination of more fresh specimens would be helpful in resolving this question. For now, we present photographs of both the holotype (Figs 14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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, 70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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) and a more well-preserved specimen (Figs 14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
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, 70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="72" pageNumber="73">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="73" lastPageNumber="74" pageId="72" pageNumber="73">
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Male (4 km N of Hopetown, South Africa, AcAT 97/988, NCA): Carapace with white setae concentrated in thoracic region and posterior of cephalic region, and forming two longitudinal lines connecting the lateral eyes; cephalic region subtriangular, longer than wide, slightly raised; AME distinctly smaller than PME (AME/PME 0.45), median eyes slightly overlapping on horizontal and vertical axes; ALE tubercles absent; PER slightly narrower than AER (PER/AER 0.94), PLE position on carapace 0.35; clypeal hood forms a slightly less than 90° angle; fovea indistinct. Chelicerae
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<pageBreakToken pageId="73" pageNumber="74" start="start">slightly</pageBreakToken>
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excavated mesally, with lateral boss. Legs with patches and bands of white setae; leg I slightly thickened; with row of distal ventral macrosetae on metatarsus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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, a few scattered ventral macrosetae on tarsus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="I–IV">I-IV</normalizedToken>
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and metatarsus
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<normalizedToken originalValue="III–IV">III-IV</normalizedToken>
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; leg I slightly thickened. Abdomen with two longitudinal stripes of white hairs ectal to sigilla (Fig. 70
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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Male palp with proximal-distal axis; tegulum bulbous; conductor and embolus together form apical complex running more or less distally; conductor moderately sclerotized, broad with longitudinal ridges, tip blunt, embolic division much longer than tegular division; cymbium with several prolateral, fewer retrolateral macrosetae (Fig. 14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">Female: Unknown.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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Figure 70.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
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males of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea parva" order="Araneae" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">Paradonea parva</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea presleyi" order="Araneae" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="presleyi">Paradonea presleyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., habitus, photomicrographs.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea parva" order="Araneae" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">Paradonea parva</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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male holotype from junction of Marico and Crocodile Rivers, South Africa (B3701, SAM)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
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male from 4 km N of Hopetown, Northern Cape, South Africa (AcAT 97/988, NCA).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
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male holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea presleyi" order="Araneae" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="presleyi">Paradonea presleyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. from Falcon College, Zimbabwe (CASENT 9039236, CAS) A, D, G dorsal view B, E, H ventral view C, F, I anterior view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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<paragraph pageId="73" pageNumber="74">
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Figure 71. Distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea" order="Araneae" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paradonea</taxonomicName>
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species. Circles,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea striatipes" order="Araneae" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striatipes">Paradonea striatipes</taxonomicName>
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; squares,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea splendens" order="Araneae" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendens">Paradonea splendens</taxonomicName>
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; inverted triangles,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea variegata" order="Araneae" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Paradonea variegata</taxonomicName>
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; diamonds,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea parva" order="Araneae" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parva">Paradonea parva</taxonomicName>
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; triangles,
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<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Eresidae" genus="Paradonea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paradonea presleyi" order="Araneae" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="presleyi">Paradonea presleyi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Primary type localities with all black symbols, those for other localities with white center.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |