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<document id="45012F1BC7201D6F4F7FDDD80FC21204" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.274172" ID-GBIF-Dataset="44d14ac7-2c94-4982-84de-b31f0901050b" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="274172" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459825730166" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Donovan, Stephen K. &amp; Pawson, David L." docDate="2008" docId="EC51B653551FFFA96083FDF2FD0F702A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01717p038.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1717" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Holopus mikihe Donovan &amp; Pawson, 2008, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="36" masterDocId="1068CE2B551DFFAC6014FF85FFC47370" masterDocTitle="A new species of the sessile crinoid Holopus d’Orbigny from the tropical western Atlantic, with comments on holopodid ecology (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Holopodidae)" masterLastPageNumber="38" masterPageNumber="31" pageNumber="33" updateTime="1698222199416" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="2A216591434DD7D17724A09138878922">A new species of the sessile crinoid Holopus d’Orbigny from the tropical western Atlantic, with comments on holopodid ecology (Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Holopodidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="86F10A986E2643DB1F94BB9B1AB423E1" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="A4A3B0A45D9BAF76AFA2B48FD0569FD9">Donovan, Stephen K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="2344C7E51E79765F83C8463A709C05CD" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="68F01520415D9014EDD625C1D7F41452">Pawson, David L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="349C910F0A8AAC00E1069F881470ACE0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="0810C4065738F8BD802592C663DF166D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="18AB33D1916FC5823067420648131C0F">2008</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="6F42463AA12B8B3F43D583E64D2FEF9A" type="volume">
<mods:number id="6F64D1D2D8B9EA1AF6381E37834A5860">1717</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7A3E91098C80C04DF237A05E54EA64B7">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="7E0B98B4F6528D3DB48CFA05131BBC7F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.274172</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D8EB53D7DA849A032C38B5FEA99DEC91" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="587E9DCDDF68A5CF1F0599E448C21D56" type="Zenodo-Dep">274172</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="EC51B653551FFFA96083FDF2FD0F702A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6230944" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119356671" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6230944" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC51B653551FFFA96083FDF2FD0F702A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC51B653551FFFA96083FDF2FD0F702A" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<subSubSection id="2CE254CE551FFFAE6083FDF2FE9671C4" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="64470745551FFFAE6083FDF2FE2B71E1" blockId="2.[151,495,631,692]" box="[151,495,631,657]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<heading id="3F0FB029551FFFAE6083FDF2FE2B71E1" bold="true" box="[151,495,631,657]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" reason="1">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551FFFAE6083FDF2FE2B71E1" bold="true" box="[151,495,631,657]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC6551FFFAE6083FDF2FE9C71E1" ID-CoL="8GB3L" box="[151,344,631,657]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mikihe" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551FFFAE6083FDF2FE9C71E1" bold="true" box="[151,344,631,657]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Holopus mikihe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DBF662C551FFFAE614BFDF2FE2B71E1" box="[351,495,631,657]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64470745551FFFAE6083FD1FFE9671C4" blockId="2.[151,495,631,692]" box="[151,338,666,692]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<figureCitation id="FCC31BC0551FFFAE6083FD1FFEC171C4" box="[151,261,666,692]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,997,1021]" captionTargetBox="[415,1172,181,928]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[415,1174,180,928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holopus mikihe new species, holotype, USNM E 41507, A-ray central (after Donovan, 1992, figure 1.2). Crown about 33 mm high." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274173/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figures 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FCC31BC0551FFFAE6107FD1FFEE071C4" box="[275,292,666,692]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[425,1162,1164,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[425,1162,1164,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holopus mikihe new species, holotype, USNM E 41507. A, B, crown, about 33 mm high. A, note the ‘ mailed fist’ appearance produced by the tuberculate, near-spinose proximal secundibrachials. B, reverse side of crown with C ray arm removed. C – F, C ray arm. C, F, lateral views; note pinnulation and profiles of large, aboral tubercles of proximal secundibrachs. D, aboral view. E, adoral view. Note that the specimen had an arm removed after it was examined by S. K. D. in 1989 (see Figure 1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274174/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FCC31BC0551FFFAE6125FD1FFEFA71C4" box="[305,318,666,692]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,151,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[154,1439,129,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holopus from the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, Bahamas, in life position. A – D, F, Holopus rangii d’Orbigny, 1837. A, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2276, 369 m. Attached to overhang with arms opened for feeding, near-straight to curved. B, Johnson-Sea- Link I Dive 2051, 654 – 488 m. Arms closed. C, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2260, 619 m. Arms open and forming an open ‘ cage’. D, Johnson-Sea-Link II Dive 1497, 591 m. Arms widely open, with tips of some arms recurved. F, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2276, 396 m. Oblique view into a feeding ‘ cage’. Note that some arms appear to be in contact with the substrate. E, Holopus mikihe new species, holotype, USNM E 41507. Johnson-Sea-Link II Dive 1501, 758 m. Arms closed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274175/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">3</figureCitation>
E
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CE254CE551FFFAE6083FD6FFDF77051" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="64470745551FFFAE6083FD6FFDF77051" blockId="2.[151,1210,746,801]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC6551FFFAE6083FD6FFE727071" ID-CoL="8GB3M" authority="d'Orbigny." authorityName="d'Orbigny." box="[151,438,746,769]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rangii">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551FFFAE6083FD6FFEFD7071" box="[151,313,746,769]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Holopus rangii</emphasis>
d’Orbigny.
</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="00697AB4551FFFAE61D7FD6FFDAE7071" author="Donovan" box="[451,618,746,769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" refString="Donovan, S. K. (1992) Scanning EM study of the living cyrtocrinid Holopus rangii (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) and implications for its functional morphology. Journal of Paleontology, 66, 665 - 675." type="journal article" year="1992">Donovan, 1992</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1.2;
<bibRefCitation id="00697AB4551FFFAE62DBFD6FFC797071" author="Ameziane" box="[719,957,746,769]" pageId="2" pageNumber="37" refString="Ameziane, N., Bourseau, J. P., Heinzeller, T. &amp; Roux, M. (1999) Les genres Cyathidium et Holopus au sein des Cyrtocrinida (Crinoidea: Echinodermata). Journal of Natural History, 33, 439 - 470." type="journal article" year="1999">
Améziane
<emphasis id="568CDB57551FFFAE6356FD6FFCBC7071" box="[834,888,746,769]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">et al.</emphasis>
, 1999
</bibRefCitation>
, table 8, USNM 41507. Non:
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC6551FFFAE60C7FC8FFDEB7051" ID-CoL="8GB3M" authority="d'Orbigny, 1837" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1837" box="[211,559,778,801]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rangii">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551FFFAE60C7FC8FFEB07051" box="[211,372,778,801]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Holopus rangii</emphasis>
d’Orbigny, 1837
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CE254CE551FFFAE6083FCD7FC5770E4" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="64470745551FFFAE6083FCD7FC5770E4" blockId="2.[151,1437,850,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551FFFAE6083FCD7FEDD701C" bold="true" box="[151,281,850,876]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC6551FFFAE6134FCD7FE47701B" box="[288,387,850,875]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551FFFAE6134FCD7FE47701B" box="[288,387,850,875]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Holopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with dorsal cup unsculptured apart from faint radial ridges and with proximal secundibrachials bearing strong midaboral tubercles on the external surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CE254CE551FFFAE60D2FC27FE15777C" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="64470745551FFFAE60D2FC27FB0370CC" blockId="2.[151,1437,850,2008]" box="[198,1223,930,956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551FFFAE60D2FC27FE7970CC" bold="true" box="[198,445,930,956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Material examined:</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="BB43B9E7551FFFAE61D0FC27FDF270CC" box="[452,566,930,956]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="02E99F80551FFFAE6255FC27FD5270CC" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[577,662,930,956]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">USNM</collectionCode>
E41507, in alcohol. The only specimen known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64470745551FFFAE60D1FC4FFE15777C" blockId="2.[151,1437,850,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551FFFAE60D1FC4FFEF17094" bold="true" box="[197,309,970,996]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Locality:</emphasis>
Off Gouldings Key, New Providence,
<collectingCountry id="1CEF47D5551FFFAE631FFC4FFCBD7094" box="[779,889,970,996]" name="Bahamas" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="01CC6182551FFFAE6393FC4FFBEA7094" box="[903,1070,970,996]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="15" value="24.999722">24º 59' 59&quot; N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="01CC6182551FFFAE6429FC4FFB2D7094" box="[1085,1257,970,996]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" precision="15" value="-77.57611">77º 34' 34&quot; W</geoCoordinate>
. Dive #JSL-II-
<quantity id="A300AAA0551FFFAE6083FC77FEE8777C" box="[151,300,1010,1036]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.501758" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="m" value="1501758.0">1501, 758 m</quantity>
,
<date id="10462185551FFFAE612DFC77FE09777C" box="[313,461,1010,1036]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" value="1987-10-20">20 Oct 1987</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CE254CE551FFFAE60D2FB9FFD0B74A8" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="description">
<paragraph id="64470745551FFFAE60D2FB9FFC4C7654" blockId="2.[151,1437,850,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551FFFAE60D2FB9FFEA57744" bold="true" box="[198,353,1050,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Description:</emphasis>
Stemless crinoid cemented at base to hard substrate (
<figureCitation id="FCC31BC0551FFFAE63F6FB9FFB837744" box="[994,1095,1050,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,151,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[154,1439,129,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holopus from the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, Bahamas, in life position. A – D, F, Holopus rangii d’Orbigny, 1837. A, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2276, 369 m. Attached to overhang with arms opened for feeding, near-straight to curved. B, Johnson-Sea- Link I Dive 2051, 654 – 488 m. Arms closed. C, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2260, 619 m. Arms open and forming an open ‘ cage’. D, Johnson-Sea-Link II Dive 1497, 591 m. Arms widely open, with tips of some arms recurved. F, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2276, 396 m. Oblique view into a feeding ‘ cage’. Note that some arms appear to be in contact with the substrate. E, Holopus mikihe new species, holotype, USNM E 41507. Johnson-Sea-Link II Dive 1501, 758 m. Arms closed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274175/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figure 3</figureCitation>
E), although
<typeStatus id="BB43B9E7551FFFAE64F0FB9FFA8A7744" box="[1252,1358,1050,1076]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, about
<quantity id="A300AAA0551FFFAE6083FBC7FF2D772C" box="[151,233,1090,1116]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="33.0">33 mm</quantity>
high, broken off above attachment area. Walls of dorsal cup thick; broken section
<quantity id="A300AAA0551FFFAE64B3FBC7FAC5772C" box="[1191,1281,1090,1116]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="8.6">8.6 mm</quantity>
in maximum diameter, but maximum diameter of body cavity only
<quantity id="A300AAA0551FFFAE630BFBEFFCBA77F4" box="[799,894,1130,1156]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
. Dorsal cup tall (slightly less than 50 % total height of crinoid), pentagonal in cross-section with angles in mid-radius, narrowest just above attachment and widest at oral surface, not perfectly pentagonal conical, but skewed slightly to one side (
<figureCitation id="FCC31BC0551FFFAE6488FB3FFAC877A4" box="[1180,1292,1210,1236]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,255,997,1021]" captionTargetBox="[415,1172,181,928]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[415,1174,180,928]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holopus mikihe new species, holotype, USNM E 41507, A-ray central (after Donovan, 1992, figure 1.2). Crown about 33 mm high." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274173/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figures 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="FCC31BC0551FFFAE650EFB3FFAED77A4" box="[1306,1321,1210,1236]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[425,1162,1164,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[425,1162,1164,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holopus mikihe new species, holotype, USNM E 41507. A, B, crown, about 33 mm high. A, note the ‘ mailed fist’ appearance produced by the tuberculate, near-spinose proximal secundibrachials. B, reverse side of crown with C ray arm removed. C – F, C ray arm. C, F, lateral views; note pinnulation and profiles of large, aboral tubercles of proximal secundibrachs. D, aboral view. E, adoral view. Note that the specimen had an arm removed after it was examined by S. K. D. in 1989 (see Figure 1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274174/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">2</figureCitation>
A, B). No plate sutures apparent within cup. Radial facets wide, in contact, scalloped; scalloping apparent on surface of cup as faint stacked growth (?) lines. External coloration purple.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64470745551FFFAE60D1FAB7FE3975CD" blockId="2.[151,1437,850,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
Arms branch once at IBr1. Ten arms, uniserial, consisting of circa 30 brachials (
<figureCitation id="FCC31BC0551FFFAE64B6FAB7FACF763C" box="[1186,1291,1330,1356]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[425,1162,1164,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[425,1162,1164,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holopus mikihe new species, holotype, USNM E 41507. A, B, crown, about 33 mm high. A, note the ‘ mailed fist’ appearance produced by the tuberculate, near-spinose proximal secundibrachials. B, reverse side of crown with C ray arm removed. C – F, C ray arm. C, F, lateral views; note pinnulation and profiles of large, aboral tubercles of proximal secundibrachs. D, aboral view. E, adoral view. Note that the specimen had an arm removed after it was examined by S. K. D. in 1989 (see Figure 1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274174/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figure 2</figureCitation>
C–F). Arms divided into a bivium of two shorter arms and trivium of three longer arms. Arms enrolled and in close contact; sutures between arms crenulated, giving the crown the appearance of a clenched, ten-fingered fist. Arms strongly tapered towards the distal end and geniculated at about IIBr8-9, after which arms become much narrower (
<figureCitation id="FCC31BC0551FFFAE60F8FA5DFE977682" box="[236,339,1496,1522]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[425,1162,1164,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[425,1162,1164,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holopus mikihe new species, holotype, USNM E 41507. A, B, crown, about 33 mm high. A, note the ‘ mailed fist’ appearance produced by the tuberculate, near-spinose proximal secundibrachials. B, reverse side of crown with C ray arm removed. C – F, C ray arm. C, F, lateral views; note pinnulation and profiles of large, aboral tubercles of proximal secundibrachs. D, aboral view. E, adoral view. Note that the specimen had an arm removed after it was examined by S. K. D. in 1989 (see Figure 1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274174/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figure 2</figureCitation>
C, F). The primaxillary (IBr1) is large, broad, pentagonal in external view, swollen on aboral surface and with two low tubercles towards the center corresponding to the base of faint, low ridges that continue distally. Proximal facet broad with a central, oval axial canal and a broad, V-shaped adoral groove; distal facets equal in size. Proximal secundibrachials wedge-shaped and with large raised midaboral tubercles on each. Adoral groove central, parallel to long axis of arm and with lateral branches extending to pinnule facets. Cover plates small, polygonal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64470745551FFFAE60D1F94EFBB07460" blockId="2.[151,1437,850,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
All brachials except IBr1 pinnulate. Pinnules situated on alternate sides of arms on adjacent brachials, curling adorally when enrolled (
<figureCitation id="FCC31BC0551FFFAE621AF973FDB07460" box="[526,628,1782,1808]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,255,1803,1827]" captionTargetBox="[425,1162,1164,1802]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[425,1162,1164,1805]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holopus mikihe new species, holotype, USNM E 41507. A, B, crown, about 33 mm high. A, note the ‘ mailed fist’ appearance produced by the tuberculate, near-spinose proximal secundibrachials. B, reverse side of crown with C ray arm removed. C – F, C ray arm. C, F, lateral views; note pinnulation and profiles of large, aboral tubercles of proximal secundibrachs. D, aboral view. E, adoral view. Note that the specimen had an arm removed after it was examined by S. K. D. in 1989 (see Figure 1)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274174/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figure 2</figureCitation>
C, F), and composed of broad, low ossicles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64470745551FFFAE60D1F89BFC317410" blockId="2.[151,1437,850,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Mouth bordered by five triangular oral plates. Anal pyramid located to left of removed arm, that is, this arm represents the C ray. Thus, B-C-D is the trivium and E-A the bivium.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="64470745551FFFAE60D2F8EBFD0B74A8" blockId="2.[151,1437,850,2008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551FFFAE60D2F8EBFEF774F8" bold="true" box="[198,307,1902,1928]" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Ecology:</emphasis>
Like its congener
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC6551FFFAE6206F8EBFDBB74F7" box="[530,639,1902,1927]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rangii">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551FFFAE6206F8EBFDBB74F7" box="[530,639,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">H. rangii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC6551FFFAE629BF8EBFCC674F7" box="[655,770,1902,1927]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="2" pageNumber="33" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mikihe">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551FFFAE629BF8EBFCC674F7" box="[655,770,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">H. mikihe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lives attached to a hard rock substratum (
<figureCitation id="FCC31BC0551FFFAE64E0F8EBFA9D74F8" box="[1268,1369,1902,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,244,1833,1854]" captionTargetBox="[154,1433,151,1832]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[154,1439,129,1879]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holopus from the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, Bahamas, in life position. A – D, F, Holopus rangii d’Orbigny, 1837. A, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2276, 369 m. Attached to overhang with arms opened for feeding, near-straight to curved. B, Johnson-Sea- Link I Dive 2051, 654 – 488 m. Arms closed. C, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2260, 619 m. Arms open and forming an open ‘ cage’. D, Johnson-Sea-Link II Dive 1497, 591 m. Arms widely open, with tips of some arms recurved. F, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2276, 396 m. Oblique view into a feeding ‘ cage’. Note that some arms appear to be in contact with the substrate. E, Holopus mikihe new species, holotype, USNM E 41507. Johnson-Sea-Link II Dive 1501, 758 m. Arms closed." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274175/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="33">Figure 3</figureCitation>
E), in this case an almost vertical rock face a few meters above the sediment-covered seabed. Apparently, the single specimen was not observed in the open position.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="308757CD551EFFAF6083FC60FE74776F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274173/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[415,1172,181,928]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="64470745551EFFAF6083FC60FE74776F" blockId="3.[151,1436,997,1055]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551EFFAF6083FC60FEDF708D" bold="true" box="[151,283,997,1021]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC6551EFFAF6130FC63FE0B708D" box="[292,463,998,1021]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mikihe" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551EFFAF6130FC63FE0B708D" box="[292,463,998,1021]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Holopus mikihe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DBF662C551EFFAF61CCFC60FD9A708C" box="[472,606,997,1020]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, USNM E41507, A-ray central (after Donovan, 1992, figure 1.2). Crown about 33 mm high.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="308757CD551EFFAF6083F88EFE1D74DD" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274174/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[425,1162,1164,1802]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="64470745551EFFAF6083F88EFE1D74DD" blockId="3.[151,1436,1803,1965]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551EFFAF6083F88EFEDC7453" bold="true" box="[151,280,1803,1827]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC6551EFFAF610AF88EFE037452" box="[286,455,1803,1826]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mikihe" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="568CDB57551EFFAF610AF88EFE037452" box="[286,455,1803,1826]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="34">Holopus mikihe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DBF662C551EFFAF61D8F88EFD8A7452" box="[460,590,1803,1826]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, USNM E41507. A, B, crown, about 33 mm high. A, note the ‘mailed fist’ appearance produced by the tuberculate, near-spinose proximal secundibrachials. B, reverse side of crown with C ray arm removed. C–F, C ray arm. C, F, lateral views; note pinnulation and profiles of large, aboral tubercles of proximal secundibrachs. D, aboral view. E, adoral view. Note that the specimen had an arm removed after it was examined by S.K.D. in 1989 (see Figure 1).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="308757CD5519FFA86083F8ACFC5F7490" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274175/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" targetBox="[154,1433,151,1832]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="644707455519FFA86083F8ACFC5F7490" blockId="4.[151,1436,1833,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">
<emphasis id="568CDB575519FFA86083F8ACFEC8744E" bold="true" box="[151,268,1833,1854]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65519FFA86105F8AFFEA6744F" box="[273,354,1834,1855]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="568CDB575519FFA86105F8AFFEA6744F" box="[273,354,1834,1855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Holopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the tropical western Atlantic Ocean, Bahamas, in life position. A–D, F,
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65519FFA86450F8AFFAB8744F" authority="d'Orbigny, 1837" authorityName="d'Orbigny" authorityYear="1837" box="[1092,1404,1834,1855]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rangii">
<emphasis id="568CDB575519FFA86450F8AFFB12744F" box="[1092,1238,1834,1855]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Holopus rangii</emphasis>
d’Orbigny, 1837
</taxonomicName>
. A, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2276, 369m. Attached to overhang with arms opened for feeding, near-straight to curved. B, Johnson-Sea- Link I Dive 2051, 654–488m. Arms closed. C, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2260, 619m. Arms open and forming an open ‘cage’. D, Johnson-Sea-Link II Dive 1497, 591m. Arms widely open, with tips of some arms recurved. F, Johnson-Sea-Link I Dive 2276, 396 m. Oblique view into a feeding ‘cage’. Note that some arms appear to be in contact with the substrate. E,
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65519FFA86496F82EFADE74B0" box="[1154,1306,1963,1984]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mikihe" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="568CDB575519FFA86496F82EFADE74B0" box="[1154,1306,1963,1984]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="35">Holopus mikihe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4DBF662C5519FFA86536F82EFA5C74B0" box="[1314,1432,1963,1984]" pageId="4" pageNumber="35" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, USNM E41507. Johnson-Sea-Link II Dive 1501, 758 m. Arms closed.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="2CE254CE5518FFA960D2FF12FDAB725A" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="644707455518FFA960D2FF12FDAB725A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA960D2FF12FE9373C1" bold="true" box="[198,343,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Etymology:</emphasis>
The trivial name of this species,
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA962F5FF1DFCEB73C1" box="[737,815,152,177]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mikihe">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA962F5FF1DFCEB73C1" box="[737,815,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">mikihe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, is derived from the first two letters of the surnames of colleagues who were involved in the
<date id="104621855518FFA9626EFF45FD3A73AA" box="[634,766,192,218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" value="1983" valueMax="1989">1983–1989</date>
echinoderm research on the Johnson-Sea-Link I and II. The first syllable, “mi-”, is from John E. Miller. The second syllable, “-ki-”, is from Porter M. Kier. The third syllable, “-he”, is from Gordon Hendler.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2CE254CE5518FFA960D2FEB2FD0F702A" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="644707455518FFA960D2FEB2FACE711A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA960D2FEB2FE867221" bold="true" box="[198,322,311,337]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Remarks:</emphasis>
Although based on a single specimen, the distinctive morphology is sufficient to warrant recognition of a new species. Of the three known species of
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA96352FEE5FC6D7209" box="[838,937,352,377]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA96352FEE5FC6D7209" box="[838,937,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Holopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA963AEFEE5FBE37209" box="[954,1063,352,377]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rangii">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA963AEFEE5FBE37209" box="[954,1063,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">H. rangii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(tropical western Atlantic; see, for example,
<bibRefCitation id="00697AB45518FFA9612DFE0DFE2F72D2" author="Springer" box="[313,491,392,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Springer, F. (1924) The genus Holopus, with the description of a hitherto unrecorded specimen of H. rangii. University of Iowa Studies in Natural History, 10 (4), 45 - 63." type="journal article" year="1924">Springer, 1924</bibRefCitation>
, pls 1–3;
<bibRefCitation id="00697AB45518FFA96272FE0DFCFD72D2" author="Rasmussen" box="[614,825,392,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Rasmussen, H. W. (1978) Articulata. In Moore, R. C. &amp; Teichert, C. (Eds) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2 (3). Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Boulder and Lawrence, pp. T 813 - T 927." type="journal article" year="1978">Rasmussen, 1978</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 562.1a, d;
<bibRefCitation id="00697AB45518FFA963EAFE0DFA8772D2" author="Grimmer" box="[1022,1347,392,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Grimmer, J. C. &amp; Holland, N. D. (1990) The structure of a sessile, stalkless crinoid (Holopus rangii). Acta Zoologica, 71, 61 - 67." type="journal article" year="1990">
Grimmer &amp;
<collectingCountry id="1CEF47D55518FFA96481FE0DFB3272D2" box="[1173,1270,392,418]" name="Netherlands" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Holland</collectingCountry>
, 1990
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1;
<bibRefCitation id="00697AB45518FFA96083FE35FE8A72BA" author="Donovan" box="[151,334,432,458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Donovan, S. K. (1992) Scanning EM study of the living cyrtocrinid Holopus rangii (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) and implications for its functional morphology. Journal of Paleontology, 66, 665 - 675." type="journal article" year="1992">Donovan, 1992</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1.1) and
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA961E7FE35FD9D72B9" box="[499,601,432,457]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alidis">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA961E7FE35FD9D72B9" box="[499,601,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">H. alidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(southwest tropical Pacific; see
<bibRefCitation id="00697AB45518FFA963C2FE35FB1772BA" author="Bourseau" box="[982,1235,432,458]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Bourseau, J. - P., Ameziane-Cominardi, N., Avocat, R. &amp; Roux, M. (1991) Echinodermata: les crinoides pedoncules de Nouvelle-Caledonie. In Crosnier, A. (Ed) Resultats des Campagnes Musorstom, Volume 8. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle A 151, 229 - 333." type="journal article" year="1991">
Bourseau
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA96458FE35FB4372B9" box="[1100,1159,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
, 1991
</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 12, figs 1–5) are much closer to each other in gross morphology than either is to
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA963A8FE5DFBF27281" box="[956,1078,472,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA963A8FE5DFBF67281" box="[956,1074,472,497]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mikihe">H. mikihe</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
despite their wide geographic separation. Indeed, the strongly spinose arms of
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA962F4FD85FC917169" box="[736,853,512,537]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mikihe">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA962F4FD85FC917169" box="[736,853,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">H. mikihe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinct from those of all known holopodids (
<bibRefCitation id="00697AB45518FFA9608BFDADFE747132" author="Heinzeller" box="[159,432,552,578]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Heinzeller, T., Fricke, H., Bourseau, J. - P., Ameziane-Cominardi, N. &amp; Welsch, U. (1996) Cyathidium plantei sp. n., an extant cyrtocrinid (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) -- morphologically identical to the fossil Cyathidium depressum (Cretaceous, Cenomanian). Zoologica Scripta, 25, 77 - 84." type="journal article" year="1996">
Heinzeller
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA96130FDADFEA57131" box="[292,353,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
, 1996
</bibRefCitation>
, pp. 82–83). Such a strongly spinose crown is more reminiscent of some Paleozoic crinoids, although there are other post-Paleozoic exceptions (such as
<bibRefCitation id="00697AB45518FFA963D5FDD5FB9A711A" author="Simms" box="[961,1118,592,618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Simms, M. J. (1989) British Lower Jurassic crinoids. Monograph of the Paleontographical Society, London, 142 (581), 1 - 103." type="journal article" year="1989">Simms, 1989</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 13, fig. 1).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="644707455518FFA960D1FDFDFD0F702A" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<collectingCountry id="1CEF47D55518FFA960D1FDFDFF2271E2" box="[197,230,632,658]" name="American Samoa" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">As</collectingCountry>
noted above, we regard previous instances where
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA9633BFDFDFC5E71E1" box="[815,922,632,657]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rangii">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA9633BFDFDFC5E71E1" box="[815,922,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">H. rangii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA963C6FDFDFB8771E1" box="[978,1091,632,657]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mikihe">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA963C6FDFDFB8771E1" box="[978,1091,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">H. mikihe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were ‘lumped’ together to be no more than that. In addition to the obvious morphological differences,
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA963F1FD25FB9271C9" box="[997,1110,672,697]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mikihe">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA963F1FD25FB9271C9" box="[997,1110,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">H. mikihe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
comes from a greater water depth than any other
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA96187FD4DFE327191" box="[403,502,712,737]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA96187FD4DFE327191" box="[403,502,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Holopus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="00697AB45518FFA96212FD4DFD2C7192" box="[518,744,712,738]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="David, J., Roux, M., Messing, C. G. &amp; Ameziane, N. (2006) Revision of the pentacrinid stalked crinoids of the genus Endoxocrinus (Echinodermata: Crinoidea), with a study of environmental control of characters and its consequences for taxonomy. Zootaxa, 1156, 1 - 50." type="journal article">
David
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA96242FD4DFD567191" box="[598,658,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
(2006)
</bibRefCitation>
distinguished three western Atlantic subspecies of the sea lily genus
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA96107FD75FE787079" box="[275,444,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA96107FD75FE7D7079" box="[275,441,752,777]" class="Crinoidea" family="Pentacrinitidae" genus="Endoxocrinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">Endoxocrinus</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
partly on the basis of their bathymetric separation.
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA96434FD75FB1E7079" box="[1056,1242,752,777]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mikihe">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA96434FD75FB1E7079" box="[1056,1242,752,777]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Holopus mikihe</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is considered to be most closely related to
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA961DDFC9DFDF17041" box="[457,565,792,817]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="rangii">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA961DDFC9DFDF17041" box="[457,565,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">H. rangii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, as both species lack an abrupt bend of the arms, a feature of
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA96511FC9DFAAE7041" box="[1285,1386,792,817]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Holopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alidis">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA96511FC9DFAAE7041" box="[1285,1386,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">H. alidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A3F87CC65518FFA96083FCC5FEE47029" box="[151,288,832,857]" class="Crinoidea" family="Holopodidae" genus="Cyathidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cyrtocrinida" pageId="5" pageNumber="36" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA96083FCC5FEE47029" box="[151,288,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">Cyathidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. (
<bibRefCitation id="00697AB45518FFA96172FCC5FDB4702A" author="Heinzeller" box="[358,624,832,858]" pageId="5" pageNumber="37" refString="Heinzeller, T., Fricke, H., Bourseau, J. - P., Ameziane-Cominardi, N. &amp; Welsch, U. (1996) Cyathidium plantei sp. n., an extant cyrtocrinid (Echinodermata, Crinoidea) -- morphologically identical to the fossil Cyathidium depressum (Cretaceous, Cenomanian). Zoologica Scripta, 25, 77 - 84." type="journal article" year="1996">
Heinzeller
<emphasis id="568CDB575518FFA961FDFCC5FDE07029" box="[489,548,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="36">et al.</emphasis>
, 1996
</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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