157 lines
18 KiB
XML
157 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="D461BA1CEBEBE953EE8C063C5AB5EADF" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.546.6443" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d9113fa2-22fc-469a-a4af-3a2d96270bd6" ID-PMC="PMC4714348" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-546-87" ID-PubMed="26798307" ID-ZooBank="1CEAF6086B6A4DBD929DA5FFA2FB776B" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-546-87" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 546" ModsDocTitle="A review of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Townsendiella (Apidae, Nomadinae, Townsendiellini), with the description of a new species from Pinnacles National Park" checkinTime="1451243618332" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Orr, Michael C. & Griswold, Terry L." docDate="2015" docId="EBEAB649F88E3D08A64C3DB2EC965FFE" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 546: 87-104" docOrigin="ZooKeys 546" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.546.6443" docTitle="Townsendiella pulchra Crawford 1916" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="96" masterDocId="FFCDFD36FF960A4659649E34FFCCFF9D" masterDocTitle="A review of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Townsendiella (Apidae, Nomadinae, Townsendiellini), with the description of a new species from Pinnacles National Park" masterLastPageNumber="104" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="94" updateTime="1701315940115" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="1224B6D37318B312B50F2549F750D8FC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="7CD825FD0EF19AD6889D3AEF11D7DFBB">
|
||
<mods:title id="A4E6E03B04183B5EFE3BE2E6D49E44EA">A review of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Townsendiella (Apidae, Nomadinae, Townsendiellini), with the description of a new species from Pinnacles National Park</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="CC7FA0E6830BB04423921912D7C91524" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="6A49B1E3E0D23B5EC70929AE20E70476">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="362CC214642F9957995B2526B666AD21">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4522ED75A28C4CB9CAD60562F43C8B4E">Orr, Michael C.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="A54B1522CE282F993676FD5A596E718C" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="1FA764EB45548DA56593DF291855F776">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="41354B1B28A5E153B6CB1FFF4DC390DA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="916136A1BC84105ABB61C4A265689138">Griswold, Terry L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="E7FE26CBE073ACC96E476C6ADC1A5C78">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="29277723F4EE51594070C3D942E66B2A" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="49D759441ED6A8CF1642E347200295B7">
|
||
<mods:title id="64131DA2F5A9118D3A27813C0D154F49">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="CDE4C392501017AEF8A56B6D3C581657">
|
||
<mods:date id="9A8948281083313A12866C8260986625">2015</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="A9A3D2A489FE416171D4A013CE1AE198" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="6C372C7F531668C196DB39808CD64527">546</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="D3CFEA6C23E29221025CED8DFEA4EAE7" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="741B4AC3A985FC387AAB81FAAE4150DF">87</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="BBCA15321053BA4C6965816CD6481F23">104</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="4D92B6B463D8C6DBB7ECB5633187A077">
|
||
<mods:url id="EE8B6C1ACA45CC9580ECD31CB0527D69">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.546.6443</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="33648CB40EFD3B47A57CBB91C0A9CF29">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="120EEDDDE6479796D4B9C9F6F16D4C83" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.546.6443</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C1DCE77AD2713595DCDAEF6BDAEB68D6" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-546-87</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E04CB8B698D3B7AB2D21C5BF616DB9DF" type="ZooBank">1CEAF6086B6A4DBD929DA5FFA2FB776B</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="EBEAB649F88E3D08A64C3DB2EC965FFE" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127898121" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EBEAB649F88E3D08A64C3DB2EC965FFE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EBEAB649F88E3D08A64C3DB2EC965FFE" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="7" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<subSubSection id="AAB5DF2DDA03372BB674AB74E39F4BEC" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD365FBA6D5C12C3EB1D8389D40EEB45" pageId="7" pageNumber="94">Taxon classification Animalia Hymenoptera Apidae</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EFEA5578A839ECF2829636AEB701058D" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="DDF79850D15634A0B042E9524EF89F5C" pageId="7" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F025C350E211909ED5D2174AB8A4A3D" ID-CoL="57L8Z" authority="Crawford, 1916" authorityName="Crawford" authorityYear="1916" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Townsendiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Townsendiella pulchra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">Townsendiella pulchra Crawford, 1916</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figs 1b, 4b, and 5b
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="471D1A84569E62215D815E807DE3FA0C" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" type="holotype">
|
||
<paragraph id="F397E7AEC8ABD293C1B6C1172A04A80D" pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="69ADF10C19B67A11C521C1752F43665C" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" start="start">Holotype</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E09576B1C8CCB7A0F0F9E76ECF6A1738" pageId="8" pageNumber="95">female, pinned; Las Cruces, New Mexico; 5.12 [12 May]; deposited in USNM (Type#20831).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B2CE8B2B9F9CE80FAB49E04979E19046" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="B5027DD6A497DE5B1B14C07695BAC5E6" pageId="8" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="46BAC52610236732ACD74FAA1D4CB435" pageId="8" pageNumber="95">
|
||
This species may be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39E84DE631DD0CBEF45BE47C9860DAD2" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Townsendiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Townsendiella californica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="californica">Townsendiella californica</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15259E5FF99EF1F3B0382DAF486EB714" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Townsendiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Townsendiella rufiventris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufiventris">Townsendiella rufiventris</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the combination of the following characteristics: long marginal cell, the maximum length of which is about equal to or longer than the distance from the marginal cell tip to the apex of the wing; metanotum lacking medial projection, only very gradually curved throughout its width; and the female lacking a lunule on T5.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3CF95374B3DB0C8766D25E6CB5D2491E" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Townsendiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Townsendiella pulchra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">Townsendiella pulchra</taxonomicName>
|
||
is more similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0DA7105648E5AB211C897D7C17C2FE0" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Townsendiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Townsendiella ensifera" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ensifera">Townsendiella ensifera</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to the other species, and may be separated from it as presented in the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7F569D3911EDFB7846C5AB6F1458967A" originalValue="latter’s">latter's</normalizedToken>
|
||
species account.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="91C1D56C21D84C09DBAD65167F50DBEE" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="40EFD4416C3D3BAB93D63D3587078909" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="07B6CB27E8B781577309CE459C57BCE1" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B6326C9551E928040758D05745F5DD2" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
|
||
Present from west-central Nevada to central New Mexico, and ranging southward to the Mexican border,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACD94F98D57DE9D90C635C24A34D711D" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Townsendiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Townsendiella pulchra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">Townsendiella pulchra</taxonomicName>
|
||
has arguably the largest range in the genus. With both the most northerly and easterly collection sites,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EA2E756ABB4BC374A83FF061F1A4573D" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Townsendiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Townsendiella pulchra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">Townsendiella pulchra</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits a number of different ecoregions, given here in order from most to least collection localities: Mojave Desert, Sonoran Desert, Chihuahuan Desert, Great Basin shrub steppe, and Colorado Plateau shrublands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4C4D0BB494935F491AECAB455B6338E0" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph id="6F4ACAE995E55F6A1797E0A92E0DD9BE" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FB86C8A2CBC21C1A93A8CAD3F6A2A91C" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A314D7B90F8B6F2211BCB2AC4BF6DD90" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Townsendiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Townsendiella pulchra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pulchra">Townsendiella pulchra</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been collected primarily during April and May, although a small number of records exist from late March and June. Surprisingly, there are two records of this species from August near Portal, Arizona. It may be that this species is active during the fall in the Chihuahuan Desert, in time with monsoonal rains. Additional collections are necessary to investigate this possibility, though the collection of the Las Cruces type specimen in May demonstrates it does not fly exclusively in fall in the Chihuahuan Desert.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="91208D3A549E457526CA4615DE6BC36D" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" type="bee hosts">
|
||
<paragraph id="B07CF7DFAACD4CBF9CD91B917EF29C48" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Bee hosts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B468029390A8C6D1EAC1F9E333601D43" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
|
||
This species is known to invade and oviposit within nests of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F0C6CD820F49143185341A1D1B695348" class="Insecta" family="Melittidae" genus="Hesperapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperapis (Amblyapis) larreae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="larreae" subGenus="Amblyapis">Hesperapis (Amblyapis) larreae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mistakenly placed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="14BD15F0A2C819DE3FCD5092E434E28F" class="Insecta" family="Melittidae" genus="Hesperapis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hesperapis (Panurgomia)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Panurgomia">Hesperapis (Panurgomia)</taxonomicName>
|
||
in previous host associations (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C4430BF02605FE5487E1CFCA7B0E3AA2" author="Michener, CD" journalOrPublisher="Entomological News" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" pagination="181 - 185" title="Some California bees, Townsendiella and Hesperapis (Hymen.: Apoidea)." volume="47" year="1936">Michener 1936</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="14B6766432A166CA811A99058A4FFDE8" author="Michener, CD" journalOrPublisher="John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD" pageId="13" pageNumber="100" title="The Bees of the World" year="2000">Michener 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="84112A139E64FEEFFCAC72FD524FAD5D" author="Rozen, JG Jr" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 11" title="Biology and larvae of the cleptoparasitic bee Townsendiellapulchra and nesting biology of its host Hesperapislarreae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)." volume="3005" year="1991">Rozen and McGinley 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The description of this behavior includes extensive notes on the interactions between these two species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F2FD722E7C158B9398F83805A4DBF257" author="Rozen, JG Jr" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 11" title="Biology and larvae of the cleptoparasitic bee Townsendiellapulchra and nesting biology of its host Hesperapislarreae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)." volume="3005" year="1991">Rozen and McGinley 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="82C814F935B0D04EE78DC64BD516EB78" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" type="floral hosts">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C8951FF0F0E75F8E619EDF01E8AE6AB" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Floral hosts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B1F2144D49BCD64D0A84A8F26C0C9CE" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="64F6D865E31BE33F4A3CCD37667C3F10" family="Asteraceae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F8D3918661AC01EF1282B3403EBAA8B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baileya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baileya pleniradiata" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pleniradiata">Baileya pleniradiata</taxonomicName>
|
||
Harv. & A. Gray,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A48A87F43838D42297342D4EABD3FE2" class="Insecta" family="Nolidae" genus="Baileya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Baileya" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Baileya</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Harv. & A. Gray ex Torr.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A284D77015239A10B092E5A9B4714B97" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Chaenactis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Chaenactis" order="Asterales" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Chaenactis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. DC.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A110E059DFF5A4B0ACD0AE2794208504" family="Boraginaceae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" rank="family">Boraginaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCA1B983580A12E7478448607A2AFF55" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ehretiaceae" genus="Tiquilia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tiquilia hispidissima" order="Boraginales" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hispidissima">Tiquilia hispidissima</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Torr. & A. Gray) A.T. Richardson;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="195C1399369B4EE863523EE5328B5D0E" family="Fabaceae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" rank="family">Fabaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B20736F4A36565F612CE73D57BE1DB0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Psorothamnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psorothamnus arborescens" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="arborescens">Psorothamnus arborescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Torr. ex A. Gray) Barneby,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D87F04AEA7F0E267749ED99925F67FAC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Psorothamnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psorothamnus fremontii" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="fremontii">Psorothamnus fremontii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Torr. ex A. Gray) Barneby,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1F9889027B8C63604850E0F835E220FD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Psorothamnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psorothamnus schottii" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schottii">Psorothamnus schottii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Torr.) Barneby,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8829006237656CA31A193BC98B2655E8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Psorothamnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Psorothamnus" order="Fabales" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Psorothamnus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Rydb.;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C9D2A5CBB75F383340B97CD0296A77CE" family="Zygophyllaceae" lsidName="" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" rank="family">Zygophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="572556D2A4A8423EEE11FC84A21B142E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Zygophyllaceae" genus="Larrea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Larrea tridentata" order="Zygophyllales" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tridentata">Larrea tridentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(DC.) Coville.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E8FBE1DDC26E8C91E81541FE820F1BB3" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="F090DF69CCFDF47847B545499400191D" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EA2F063509CCD25C7D3E1AA0E99A0A8F" pageId="9" pageNumber="96">
|
||
This species is the best known of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2A11A78F0C082338F18C6426EBFEEF4" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Townsendiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Townsendiella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Townsendiella</taxonomicName>
|
||
, given the extensive life history work conducted on it and its host (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2F040BF80D34E6947897000E6B72F571" author="Rozen, JG Jr" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="14" pageNumber="101" pagination="1 - 11" title="Biology and larvae of the cleptoparasitic bee Townsendiellapulchra and nesting biology of its host Hesperapislarreae (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)." volume="3005" year="1991">Rozen and McGinley 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It will be interesting to see if all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6998BA7D9A20F38D09CD650DC2634165" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Townsendiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Townsendiella" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Townsendiella</taxonomicName>
|
||
share similar life histories, once such information becomes available for the remaining species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |