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<document id="5FFF3C944EE700BCB658CE872EA10AF0" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1425" ID-GBIF-Dataset="604af154-8d8e-4fa4-8492-44181607a659" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5088125" ID-ZooBank="7CA6D8AC-2312-47F9-8C17-528B94E4C8A7" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="julia" IM.tables_approvedBy="julia" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625861168867" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gil, Marta &amp; Ramil, Fran" docDate="2021" docId="EB6F5251FFAFFFBAED4DFC6B3110FE45" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-758_49-96.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 758" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.758.1425" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Monotheca bergstadi Gil &amp; Ramil 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="3BFDE359-6A4B-4910-9AB5-226193B6584E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="82" masterDocId="17562A29FFB2FF9BEF24FFE6336CFFF9" masterDocTitle="Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Vema and Valdivia seamounts (SE Atlantic)" masterLastPageNumber="96" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="78" updateTime="1732595321672" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="5CF767D01C3354488E3AF185F3E32B3E">Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Vema and Valdivia seamounts (SE Atlantic)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B6244C2B3A819A088481653B54FBE210">Gil, Marta</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B1B29B76789C8CF58994E96842B09B80">Vigo - Centro de Investigación Mariña, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Spain. &amp; Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B88EECF7A5825D5D8A446B5B21DAA21D">Ramil, Fran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="145C1130A64935630FCA270BE8B55393">Vigo - Centro de Investigación Mariña, Facultade de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade de Vigo, Spain.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="376E03D1E0FDE39EFE3C40D8779A83BE">2021</mods:date>
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<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFAFFF86ED4DFC6B3005FC51" authority="Gil &amp; Ramil, 2021" authorityName="Gil &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2021" box="[617,873,909,936]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bergstadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFAFFF86ED4DFC6B3005FC51" bold="true" box="[617,873,909,936]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">Monotheca bergstadi</emphasis>
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<figureCitation id="FBFDFFC2FFAFFF86EDB5FC3F307FFC0A" box="[657,787,985,1011]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[302,1285,269,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-11@27.[296,1291,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 7. A–B. Monostaechoides providentiae (Jarvis, 1922) gen. et comb. nov. A. Stn PT4, detail of basal part of hydrocladia. B. Stn BT5, part of hydrocladium with hydrothecae and a male gonotheca. C–D. Monotheca bergstadi sp. nov. C. Hydrocladia ramified and with gonothecae. D. Detail of hydrotheca, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5088145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5088145/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">Figs 7C–D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="FBFDFFC2FFAFFF86EC3BFC3F305CFC0A" box="[799,816,985,1011]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,274,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-40@31.[189,1398,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 8. Monotheca bergstadi sp. nov. A. Portion of colony with hydrocladia. B. Part of colony with hydrocladium and gonothecae. C. Detail of hydrocladia and gonotheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5088147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5088147/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">8</figureCitation>
; 
<tableCitation id="2E44D6FCFFAFFF86EC19FC3F30CEFC0A" box="[829,930,985,1011]" captionStart="Table 12" captionStartId="32.[189,258,265,291]" captionTargetBox="[189,1232,340,983]" captionText="Table 12. Measurements of Monotheca bergstadi sp. nov., in µm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/37B9B3CFFF92FFBBEF99FEEF30D2FEDA" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" tableUuid="37B9B3CFFF92FFBBEF99FEEF30D2FEDA">Table 12</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="43D6C469FFAFFF86EF99FBFB31E2FBA4" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFAFFF86EF99FBFB32D7FBCE" ID-CoL="4KJLJ" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[189,443,1053,1079]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFAFFF86EF99FBFB32D7FBCE" box="[189,443,1053,1079]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">Plumularia pulchella</emphasis>
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– 
<treatmentCitation id="E267C556FFAFFF86EEC4FBFB31AEFBCE" author="Millard N. A. H." box="[480,706,1052,1079]" page="232" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" year="1957">
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFAFFF86EEC4FBFB31AEFBCE" author="Millard N. A. H." box="[480,706,1052,1079]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" pagination="173 - 243" refId="ref23569" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1957. The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 43: 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard 1957: 232</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="E267C556FFAFFF86EDF5FBFA3023FBCE" author="Millard N. A. H." box="[721,847,1052,1079]" page="300" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFAFFF86EDF5FBFA3023FBCE" author="Millard N. A. H." box="[721,847,1052,1079]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" pagination="261 - 319" refId="ref23639" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1962. The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part I. The Plumulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum 46 (11): 261 - 319." type="journal article" year="1962">1962: 300</bibRefCitation>
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; 
<treatmentCitation id="E267C556FFAFFF86EC7BFBFA30B0FBCE" author="Millard N. A. H." box="[863,988,1052,1079]" page="493" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFAFFF86EC7BFBFA30B0FBCE" author="Millard N. A. H." box="[863,988,1052,1079]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" pagination="489 - 496" refId="ref23681" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1966. Hydroids of the Vema Seamount. Annals of the South African Museum 48: 489 - 496." type="journal article" year="1966">1966: 493</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
; 1975: 398–399, fig. 125c–d [not 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFAFFF86EFCEFBA431EFFBA4" authority="(Bale, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[234,643,1090,1117]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFAFFF86EFCEFBA4328FFBA5" box="[234,483,1090,1116]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">Monotheca pulchella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFAFFF86EED7FBA43115FBA4" author="Bale W. M." box="[499,633,1090,1117]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" pagination="15 - 48" refId="ref19430" refString="Bale W. M. 1882. On the Hydroida of south-eastern Australia, with descriptions of supposed new species, and notes on the genus Aglaophenia. Journal of the Microscopical Society of Victoria 2 (1): 15 - 48." type="journal article" year="1882">Bale, 1882</bibRefCitation>
)
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].
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="2BDCB0CCFFAFFF86EF99FB603122FA74" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="6379E347FFAFFF86EF99FB60325AFB59" blockId="29.[189,310,1158,1184]" box="[189,310,1158,1184]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="3831542BFFAFFF86EF99FB60325AFB59" bold="true" box="[189,310,1158,1184]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" reason="3">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFAFFF86EF99FB60325AFB59" bold="true" box="[189,310,1158,1184]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FFAFFF86EF99FB513122FA74" blockId="29.[187,1400,1207,1421]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">Colonies monosiphonic, mostly unbranched. Hydrocaulus divided into internodes by straight nodes, each internode bearing one apophysis and three nematothecae. Hydrocladia composed of two internodes: one athecate proximal without nematothecae, with two internal perisarcal rings, and one thecate distal bearing a hydrotheca and three nematothecae. Hydrotheca deep campanulate and abcauline wall concave. Mesial inferior nematotheca long and lateral nematothecae short. Gonothecae arising frontally, large, barrel-shaped and smooth-walled.</paragraph>
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<heading id="3831542BFFAFFF86EF99FA513228FA28" bold="true" box="[189,324,1463,1489]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" reason="3">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFAFFF86EF99FA513228FA28" bold="true" box="[189,324,1463,1489]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FFAFFF86EF99FA0E324BF9B7" blockId="29.[189,1399,1512,1614]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">
The specific name 
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<emphasis id="51B23F55FFAFFF86EE81FA0E317FF9FB" box="[421,531,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">bergstadi</emphasis>
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honours Dr. Odd Aksel Bergstad, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Bergen, 
<collectingCountry id="1BD1A3D7FFAFFF86EE04F9E832ECF9D1" box="[288,384,1550,1576]" name="Norway" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">Norway</collectingCountry>
, leader of the SEAFO 2015 cruise, in recognition of his wide contribution to deep-sea research.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6379E347FFAFFF86EF99F99132C6F968" blockId="29.[189,426,1655,1681]" box="[189,426,1655,1681]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">
<heading id="3831542BFFAFFF86EF99F99132C6F968" bold="true" box="[189,426,1655,1681]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" reason="3">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFAFFF86EF99F99132C6F968" bold="true" box="[189,426,1655,1681]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
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<paragraph id="6379E347FFAFFF86EFCEF94F3131F8CD" blockId="29.[189,1399,1705,1844]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">
<materialsCitation id="D3AEE91AFFAFFF86EFCEF94F3131F8CD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320740320" collectingDate="2015-01-31" collectionCode="SOUTH, UV, R" elevation="83" latitude="-31.616112" location="SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="8.385" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" specimenCode="SAMC-A092083" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="BC7D5DE5FFAFFF86EFCEF94F3230F93A" box="[234,348,1705,1731]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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<location id="6619B59CFFAFFF86EF99F9283146F911" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB6F5251FFAFFFBAED4DFC6B3110FE45:6619B59CFFAFFF86EF99F9283146F911" box="[189,554,1742,1768]" latitude="-31.616112" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="8.385" name="SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN</location>
• colony, 
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high, with gonothecae; 
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, stn BT5; 31°37′16″–31°36′58″ S, 8°22′37″–8°23′06″ E; 
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depth
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; 
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<collectingDate id="073C3C6FFFAFFF86EC82F9123753F8F6" box="[934,1087,1780,1807]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" value="2015-01-31">31 Jan. 2015</collectingDate>
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; SEAFO-2015 leg.; LZM- UV slide R. 582; 
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FFAFFF86EFCEF8BB31D0F810" blockId="29.[189,1398,1885,2025]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">
<materialsCitation id="D3AEE91AFFAFFF86EFCEF8BB31D5F810" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320740310" collectingDate="2015-01-31" collectionCode="SOUTH, UV, R" elevation="83" latitude="-31.616112" location="SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="8.385" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" specimenCode="SEAFO-2015-40042, SEAFO-2015-40167, SEAFO-2015-40572, SEAFO-2015-40768" specimenCount="7" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFAFFF86EFCEF8BB320BF88E" bold="true" box="[234,359,1885,1911]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">
<typeStatus id="BC7D5DE5FFAFFF86EFCEF8BB320BF88E" box="[234,359,1885,1911]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<location id="6619B59CFFAFFF86EF99F8653146F864" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB6F5251FFAFFFBAED4DFC6B3110FE45:6619B59CFFAFFF86EF99F8653146F864" box="[189,554,1923,1949]" latitude="-31.616112" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="8.385" name="SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN</location>
• 
<specimenCount id="75C028CEFFAFFF86ED68F86231A7F864" box="[588,715,1923,1950]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">7 colonies</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="A43E4EA2FFAFFF86EDF8F865303CF867" box="[732,848,1923,1950]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="29" pageNumber="78" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="8.0">8–13 mm</quantity>
high (2 growing on algae), 3 colonies, with gonothecae; same collection data as for holotype; 
<specimenCode id="33604B3CFFAFFF86EC4EF84E370DF83A" box="[874,1121,1960,1987]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">SEAFO-2015-40042</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="33604B3CFFAFFF86EB5FF84E361EF83A" box="[1147,1394,1960,1987]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">SEAFO-2015-40167</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="33604B3CFFAFFF86EF99F82832D8F810" box="[189,436,1998,2025]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">SEAFO-2015-40572</specimenCode>
, 
<specimenCode id="33604B3CFFAFFF86EEE4F82831D5F810" box="[448,697,1998,2025]" pageId="29" pageNumber="78">SEAFO-2015-40768</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FFACFF85EFCEFEEE328DFEDB" blockId="30.[189,1399,264,510]" box="[234,481,264,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EFCEFEEE328DFEDB" bold="true" box="[234,481,264,290]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Additional material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FFACFF85EF99FECB3737FE07" blockId="30.[189,1399,264,510]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">
<materialsCitation id="D3AEE91AFFACFF85EF99FECB31F5FE68" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320740333" collectingDate="2015-01-31" collectionCode="SEAFO" elevation="79" location="SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" specimenCode="SEAFO-2015-40137" specimenCount="1">
<location id="6619B59CFFACFF85EF99FECB3147FEBE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB6F5251FFAFFFBAED4DFC6B3110FE45:6619B59CFFACFF85EF99FECB3147FEBE" box="[189,555,301,327]" name="SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN</location>
• 
<specimenCount id="75C028CEFFACFF85ED6AFECB31D6FEBE" box="[590,698,301,327]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">1 colony</specimenCount>
, 
<quantity id="A43E4EA2FFACFF85EDEFFECB304FFEBE" box="[715,803,301,327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
high growing on algae, with gonothecae; 
<location id="6619B59CFFACFF85EA10FECB3259FE92" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB6F5251FFAFFFBAED4DFC6B3110FE45:6619B59CFFACFF85EA10FECB3259FE92" name="Vema Seamount" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Vema Seamount</location>
, stn PT4; 31°39′43″–31°38′10″ S, 8°22′37″–8°23′42″ E; 
<quantity id="A43E4EA2FFACFF85ECD0FEB73703FE95" box="[1012,1135,337,364]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" metricValueMax="10.8" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="79.0" valueMax="108.0" valueMin="50.0">
<elevation id="E8EB0474FFACFF85ECD0FEB73703FE95" box="[1012,1135,337,364]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.9" metricValueMax="10.8" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="79.0" valueMax="108.0" valueMin="50.0">50–108 m</elevation>
</quantity>
depth; 
<date id="1778C587FFACFF85EBF4FEB7361EFE95" box="[1232,1394,337,364]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" value="2015-01-31">
<collectingDate id="073C3C6FFFACFF85EBF4FEB7361EFE95" box="[1232,1394,337,364]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" value="2015-01-31">31 Jan. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
; SEAFO-2015 leg.; 
<specimenCode id="33604B3CFFACFF85EE80FE9031F5FE68" box="[420,665,374,401]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">SEAFO-2015-40137</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="D3AEE91AFFACFF85ED91FE9032DDFE20" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320740303" collectingDate="2015-01-31" collectionCode="GRAB" elevation="84" latitude="-31.6025" location="Vema Seamount" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="8.3747225" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" specimenCode="SEAFO-2015-40080" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="75C028CEFFACFF85ED91FE903072FE69" box="[693,798,374,400]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">1 colony</specimenCount>
, growing on bryozoan, without gonothecae; 
<location id="6619B59CFFACFF85EA10FE90325BFE4D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB6F5251FFAFFFBAED4DFC6B3110FE45:6619B59CFFACFF85EA10FE90325BFE4D" latitude="-31.6025" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="8.3747225" name="Vema Seamount" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Vema Seamount</location>
, stn GRAB9C; 
<geoCoordinate id="06F28580FFACFF85EED9FE7F31FEFE4D" box="[509,658,409,437]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="36" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" precision="15" seconds="09" value="-31.6025">31°36′09″ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="06F28580FFACFF85ED80FE7F3041FE4C" box="[676,813,409,437]" degrees="8" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" precision="15" seconds="29" value="8.3747225">8°22′29″ E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<elevation id="E8EB0474FFACFF85EC1BFE7C30BDFE4D" box="[831,977,410,437]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="84.0">
<quantity id="A43E4EA2FFACFF85EC1BFE7C3013FE4C" box="[831,895,410,437]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="84.0">84 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
; 
<date id="1778C587FFACFF85ECC5FE7C37E8FE4C" box="[993,1156,410,437]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" value="2015-01-31">
<collectingDate id="073C3C6FFFACFF85ECC5FE7C37E8FE4C" box="[993,1156,410,437]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" value="2015-01-31">31 Jan. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
; SEAFO-2015 leg.; 
<specimenCode id="33604B3CFFACFF85EF99FE5832DDFE20" box="[189,433,446,473]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">SEAFO-2015-40080</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
• 
<materialsCitation id="D3AEE91AFFACFF85EEF5FE59373BFE07" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3320740337" collectingDate="2015-02-01" collectionCode="GRAB" elevation="89" latitude="-31.632223" location="Vema Seamount" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="8.386666" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" specimenCode="SEAFO-2015-40245" specimenCount="1">
<specimenCount id="75C028CEFFACFF85EEF5FE593157FE20" box="[465,571,447,473]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">1 colony</specimenCount>
, without gonothecae; 
<location id="6619B59CFFACFF85EC63FE593760FE20" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB6F5251FFAFFFBAED4DFC6B3110FE45:6619B59CFFACFF85EC63FE593760FE20" box="[839,1036,447,473]" latitude="-31.632223" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="8.386666" name="Vema Seamount" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Vema Seamount</location>
, stn GRAB12B; 
<geoCoordinate id="06F28580FFACFF85EBFAFE5B361DFE20" box="[1246,1393,445,473]" degrees="31" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" precision="15" seconds="56" value="-31.632223">31°37′56″ S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="06F28580FFACFF85EF99FE07322DFE07" box="[189,321,481,510]" degrees="8" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" precision="15" seconds="12" value="8.386666">8°23′12″ E</geoCoordinate>
; 
<elevation id="E8EB0474FFACFF85EE69FE0532B9FE04" box="[333,469,483,510]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="89.0">
<quantity id="A43E4EA2FFACFF85EE69FE0532E5FE07" box="[333,393,483,510]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.9" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="89.0">89 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
; 
<date id="1778C587FFACFF85EEC5FE05311CFE07" box="[481,624,483,510]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" value="2015-02-01">
<collectingDate id="073C3C6FFFACFF85EEC5FE05311CFE07" box="[481,624,483,510]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" value="2015-02-01">1 Feb. 2015</collectingDate>
</date>
; SEAFO-2015 leg.; 
<specimenCode id="33604B3CFFACFF85EC7BFE05373BFE07" box="[863,1111,483,510]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">SEAFO-2015-40245</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2BDCB0CCFFACFF85EF99FDC337A1FB36" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph id="6379E347FFACFF85EF99FDC33222FDC6" blockId="30.[189,334,549,575]" box="[189,334,549,575]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">
<heading id="3831542BFFACFF85EF99FDC33222FDC6" bold="true" box="[189,334,549,575]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" reason="3">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EF99FDC33222FDC6" bold="true" box="[189,334,549,575]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FFACFF85EF99FDB33132FC6A" blockId="30.[187,1399,597,915]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">
Colonies composed of a reticulate hydrorhiza growing on algae and a bryozoan, supporting erect, monosiphonic and mostly unbranched, occasionally branched once, hydrocauli (
<figureCitation id="FBFDFFC2FFACFF85EB79FD9C37D4FD6D" box="[1117,1208,634,660]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[302,1285,269,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-11@27.[296,1291,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 7. A–B. Monostaechoides providentiae (Jarvis, 1922) gen. et comb. nov. A. Stn PT4, detail of basal part of hydrocladia. B. Stn BT5, part of hydrocladium with hydrothecae and a male gonotheca. C–D. Monotheca bergstadi sp. nov. C. Hydrocladia ramified and with gonothecae. D. Detail of hydrotheca, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5088145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5088145/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
). Stem regularly divided into internodes by straight nodes, each bearing a latero-distal apophysis and three nematothecae: two axillar, flanking the apophysis and one on the basal half on the opposite side. Apophyses alternately directed left and right and disposed almost in the same plane (
<figureCitation id="FBFDFFC2FFACFF85ECF7FD01375AFCF8" box="[979,1078,743,769]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,274,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-40@31.[189,1398,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 8. Monotheca bergstadi sp. nov. A. Portion of colony with hydrocladia. B. Part of colony with hydrocladium and gonothecae. C. Detail of hydrocladia and gonotheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5088147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5088147/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Fig. 8A</figureCitation>
). Hydrocladia inserted on apophyses and composed of two internodes: one athecate basal and one thecate distal. Basal internode short, without nematothecae and with two internal perisarcal rings, one basal and the other distal. Thecate internode slightly longer than athecate, with one hydrotheca and three nematothecae: one mesial inferior and a pair of laterals (
<figureCitation id="FBFDFFC2FFACFF85EE9FFC9F3170FC6A" box="[443,540,889,915]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[302,1285,269,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-11@27.[296,1291,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 7. A–B. Monostaechoides providentiae (Jarvis, 1922) gen. et comb. nov. A. Stn PT4, detail of basal part of hydrocladia. B. Stn BT5, part of hydrocladium with hydrothecae and a male gonotheca. C–D. Monotheca bergstadi sp. nov. C. Hydrocladia ramified and with gonothecae. D. Detail of hydrotheca, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5088145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5088145/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Figs 7D</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="FBFDFFC2FFACFF85ED0DFC9F313CFC6A" box="[553,592,889,915]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,274,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-40@31.[189,1398,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 8. Monotheca bergstadi sp. nov. A. Portion of colony with hydrocladia. B. Part of colony with hydrocladium and gonothecae. C. Detail of hydrocladia and gonotheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5088147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5088147/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">8A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FFACFF85EF99FC5D3193FB9E" blockId="30.[188,1399,955,1128]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">
Hydrotheca deep campanulate, adcauline wall fully adnate to internode, abcauline wall concave, margin straight, smooth and slightly flared. Mesial nematotheca long, reaching or even surpassing the middle of the abcauline wall of hydrotheca. Lateral nematothecae comparatively shorter and placed on small, yet distinct apophyses reaching the hydrothecal rim (
<figureCitation id="FBFDFFC2FFACFF85EC18FBCF30F1FBBA" box="[828,925,1065,1091]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[302,1285,269,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-11@27.[296,1291,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 7. A–B. Monostaechoides providentiae (Jarvis, 1922) gen. et comb. nov. A. Stn PT4, detail of basal part of hydrocladia. B. Stn BT5, part of hydrocladium with hydrothecae and a male gonotheca. C–D. Monotheca bergstadi sp. nov. C. Hydrocladia ramified and with gonothecae. D. Detail of hydrotheca, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5088145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5088145/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
). All nematothecae two-chambered and movable; rim of upper chamber even throughout.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FFACFF85EF99FB7637A1FB36" blockId="30.[189,1398,1168,1231]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">
Gonothecae arising frontally from apophyses of hydrocladia; large, barrel-shaped, smooth-walled, truncated apically; aperture wide and circular; operculum not observed (
<figureCitation id="FBFDFFC2FFACFF85EB2FFB523707FB37" box="[1035,1131,1204,1230]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="27.[189,232,1890,1916]" captionTargetBox="[302,1285,269,1852]" captionTargetId="figure-11@27.[296,1291,265,1852]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig. 7. A–B. Monostaechoides providentiae (Jarvis, 1922) gen. et comb. nov. A. Stn PT4, detail of basal part of hydrocladia. B. Stn BT5, part of hydrocladium with hydrothecae and a male gonotheca. C–D. Monotheca bergstadi sp. nov. C. Hydrocladia ramified and with gonothecae. D. Detail of hydrotheca, lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5088145" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5088145/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Figs 7C</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="FBFDFFC2FFACFF85EB5CFB5237D0FB37" box="[1144,1212,1204,1230]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="31.[189,232,1929,1955]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,274,1870]" captionTargetId="figure-40@31.[189,1398,265,1881]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Fig. 8. Monotheca bergstadi sp. nov. A. Portion of colony with hydrocladia. B. Part of colony with hydrocladium and gonothecae. C. Detail of hydrocladia and gonotheca." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5088147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5088147/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">8B–C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2BDCB0CCFFACFFBBEF99FB113736F810" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="81" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6379E347FFACFF85EF99FB113243FAE8" blockId="30.[189,303,1271,1297]" box="[189,303,1271,1297]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">
<heading id="3831542BFFACFF85EF99FB113243FAE8" bold="true" box="[189,303,1271,1297]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" reason="3">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EF99FB113243FAE8" bold="true" box="[189,303,1271,1297]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FFACFF85EF99FAC1304BF99C" blockId="30.[189,1400,1319,1637]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">
The validity of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EECDFAC13101FAB8" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[489,621,1319,1345]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EECDFAC13101FAB8" box="[489,621,1319,1345]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Monotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or its synonymy with 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EC50FAC137DFFAB8" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[884,1203,1319,1345]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EC50FAC13096FAB8" box="[884,1018,1319,1345]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Plumularia</emphasis>
Lamarck, 1816
</taxonomicName>
has been widely discussed during the last few years in the literature. 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EC17FAAA308CFA9C" author="Watson J. E." box="[819,992,1355,1382]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="71 - 91" refId="ref26397" refString="Watson J. E. 2011. Review of the genus Monotheca (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Australia with description of a new species and a note on Monothecella Stechow, 1923. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 68 (1): 71 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2011.68.05" type="journal article" year="2011">Watson (2011)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EB3AFAAD37A8FA9C" author="Calder D. R." box="[1054,1220,1355,1381]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 141" refId="ref20456" refString="Calder D. R. 2019. On a collection of hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the southwest coast of Florida, USA. Zootaxa 4689 (1): 1 - 141. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4689.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">Calder (2019)</bibRefCitation>
indicated that, despite the traditional interpretation of the genus, 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EC0FFA8930C3FA70" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[811,943,1391,1417]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EC0FFA8930C3FA70" box="[811,943,1391,1417]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Monotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
might involve a polyphyletic group. Indeed, some molecular analyses (
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85ED71FA723057FA57" author="Leclere L. &amp; Schuchert P. &amp; Manuel M." box="[597,827,1428,1454]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="371 - 394" refId="ref22909" refString="Leclere L., Schuchert P. &amp; Manuel M. 2007. Phylogeny of the Plumularioidea (Hydrozoa, Leptothecata): evolution of colonial organization and life cycle. Zoologica Scripta 36: 371 - 394. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2007.00283. x" type="journal article" year="2007">
Leclère 
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85ED9EFA73319AFA57" box="[698,758,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EC6CFA7230EAFA57" author="Leclere L. &amp; Schuchert P. &amp; Cruaud C. &amp; Couloux A. &amp; Manuel M." box="[840,902,1428,1454]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="509 - 526" refId="ref22964" refString="Leclere L., Schuchert P., Cruaud C., Couloux A. &amp; Manuel M. 2009. Molecular phylogenetics of Thecata (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) reveals long-term maintenance of life history traits despite high frequency of recent character changes. Systematic Biology 58: 509 - 526. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / sysbio / syp 044" type="journal article" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85ECB7FA723701FA57" author="Moura C. J. &amp; Harris D. J. &amp; Cunha M. R. &amp; Rogers A. D." box="[915,1133,1428,1454]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="93 - 108" refId="ref23865" refString="Moura C. J., Harris D. J., Cunha M. R. &amp; Rogers A. D. 2008. DNA barcoding reveals cryptic diversity in marine hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from coastal and deep-sea environments. Zoologica Scripta 37: 93 - 108. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2007.00312. x" type="journal article" year="2008">
Moura 
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85ECC8FA733744FA57" box="[1004,1064,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
2008
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EB5FFA723603FA56" author="Maronna M. M. &amp; Miranda T. P. &amp; Pena Cantero A. L. &amp; Barbeitos M. S. &amp; Marques A. C." box="[1147,1391,1428,1455]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 23" refId="ref23376" refString="Maronna M. M., Miranda T. P., Pena Cantero A. L., Barbeitos M. S. &amp; Marques A. C. 2016. Towards a phylogenetic classification of Leptothecata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa). Scientific Reports 6: 1 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / srep 18075" type="journal article" year="2016">
Maronna 
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EBCBFA733647FA57" box="[1263,1323,1428,1454]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
) revealed that the 
<typeStatus id="BC7D5DE5FFACFF85EEB4FA5F32AFFA2A" box="[400,451,1465,1491]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">type</typeStatus>
species of both genera, 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EDCBFA5E37DDFA2B" authority="Nutting, 1900" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[751,1201,1464,1490]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EDCBFA5E376CFA2B" box="[751,1024,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Monotheca margaretta</emphasis>
Nutting, 1900
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EBD5FA5E3286FA01" authority="(Linnaeus, 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="setacea">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EBD5FA5E3279FA0E" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Plumularia setacea</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EE02FA3B328DFA01" author="Linnaeus C." box="[294,481,1501,1528]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" refId="ref23160" refString="Linnaeus C. 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Editio decima, reformata. L. Salvius, Stockholm. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 542" type="book" year="1758">Linnaeus, 1758</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, respectively, did not cluster together. In addition, the latest molecular study of the superfamily 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EEBAF9E73052F9E2" authority="(Moura et al. 2018)" baseAuthorityName="Moura" baseAuthorityYear="2018" box="[414,830,1537,1563]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" rank="superFamily" superFamily="Plumularioidea">
Plumularioidea (
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85ED44F9E7305AF9E2" author="Moura C. J. &amp; Lessios H. &amp; Cortes J. &amp; Nizinski M. S. &amp; Reed J. &amp; Santos R. S. &amp; Collins A. G." box="[608,822,1537,1563]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 14" refId="ref23933" refString="Moura C. J., Lessios H., Cortes J., Nizinski M. S., Reed J., Santos R. S. &amp; Collins A. G. 2018. Hundreds of genetic barcodes of the species-rich hydroid superfamily Plumularioidea (Cnidaria, Medusozoa) provide a guide toward more reliable taxonomy. Scientific Reports 8 (1): 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 35528 - 8" type="journal article" year="2018">
Moura 
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85ED93F9E4319EF9E2" box="[695,754,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
2018
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
supports the validity of 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EB7AF9E7378EF9E2" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[1118,1250,1537,1563]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EB7AF9E7378EF9E2" box="[1118,1250,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Monotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Taking into account that the new species is closely allied to 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EC2EF9C030DAF9C6" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[778,950,1574,1599]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EC2EF9C030DAF9C6" box="[778,950,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we have decided to assign it to this genus, under the name 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EEE8F9AC31AAF99D" authority="Gil &amp; Ramil, 2021" authorityName="Gil &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2021" box="[460,710,1610,1636]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bergstadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EEE8F9AC31AAF99D" box="[460,710,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Monotheca bergstadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4A81822EFFACFF85EDE9F9AD304BF99C" box="[717,807,1611,1637]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FFACFF85EF99F96B3095F8EC" blockId="30.[188,1398,1677,1813]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">
Our material is closely related to four nominal species of 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EC54F96B309EF95E" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[880,1010,1677,1703]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EC54F96B309EF95E" box="[880,1010,1677,1703]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Monotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, namely 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EB40F96B3390F932" authority="Nutting, 1900" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EB40F96B3662F95F" box="[1124,1294,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">M. margaretta</emphasis>
Nutting, 1900
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EE22F954315BF932" authority="(Bale, 1882)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[262,567,1713,1739]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EE22F95432F6F932" box="[262,410,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">M. pulchella</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EE8EF9573143F932" author="Bale W. M." box="[426,559,1713,1739]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="15 - 48" refId="ref19430" refString="Bale W. M. 1882. On the Hydroida of south-eastern Australia, with descriptions of supposed new species, and notes on the genus Aglaophenia. Journal of the Microscopical Society of Victoria 2 (1): 15 - 48." type="journal article" year="1882">Bale, 1882</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85ED67F9543008F932" authority="(Bale, 1894)" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[579,868,1713,1739]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85ED67F95431A6F932" box="[579,714,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">M. flexuosa</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EDFEF9573037F932" author="Bale W. M." box="[730,859,1713,1739]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="93 - 117" refId="ref19474" refString="Bale W. M. 1894. Further notes on Australian hydroids, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 6: 93 - 117." type="journal article" year="1894">Bale, 1894</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85ECB9F9543269F909" authority="(Garcia, Aguirre &amp; Gonzalez, 1978)" baseAuthorityName="Garcia, Aguirre &amp; Gonzalez" baseAuthorityYear="1978" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="femina">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85ECB9F9543778F932" box="[925,1044,1713,1739]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">M. femina</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EB07F9573390F909" author="Garcia Corrales P. &amp; Aguirre Inchaurbe A. &amp; Gonzalez Mora D." pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="5 - 73" refId="ref21870" refString="Garcia Corrales P., Aguirre Inchaurbe A. &amp; Gonzalez Mora D. 1978. Contribucion al conocimiento de los hidrozoos de las costas espanolas. Parte I: Halecidos, campanularidos y plumularidos. Boletin del Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia 5 (273): 5 - 73." type="journal article" year="1978">García, Aguirre &amp; González, 1978</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. The latter is currently accepted as a junior synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85ECBEF930372FF916" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[922,1091,1750,1775]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85ECBEF930372FF916" box="[922,1091,1750,1775]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Calder 1977; 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EBD7F9303251F8ED" author="Ansin Agis J. &amp; Ramil F. &amp; Vervoort W." pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref19369" refString="Ansin Agis J., Ramil F. &amp; Vervoort W. 2001. Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 333: 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
Ansín Agís 
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EF98F91D339AF8ED" box="[188,246,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EE6DF91C3168F8ED" author="Schuchert P." box="[329,516,1786,1812]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" refId="ref25596" refString="Schuchert P. 2020. World Hydrozoa Database. Available from http: // www. marinespecies. org / hydrozoa / [accessed 14 Jan. 2021]." type="url" year="2020">Schuchert 2020</bibRefCitation>
; as 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85ED14F91C3053F8ED" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[560,831,1786,1812]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85ED14F91C3053F8ED" box="[560,831,1786,1812]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">Plumularia margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and we agree.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FFACFF85EF99F8DB361AF811" blockId="30.[189,1399,1853,2025]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">
The remaining valid species are easily recognizable by the morphology of their gonothecae. In 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EA73F8DB3253F882" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EA73F8DB3253F882" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, they are barrel-shaped, with well-developed transverse ridges and a broad, apical aperture (
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EFE2F8633233F859" author="Calder D. R." box="[198,351,1925,1952]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref20205" refString="Calder D. R. 1997. Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions of the Royal Ontario Museum 161: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EE49F86031EAF859" author="Ansin Agis J. &amp; Ramil F. &amp; Vervoort W." box="[365,646,1925,1952]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref19369" refString="Ansin Agis J., Ramil F. &amp; Vervoort W. 2001. Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 333: 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
Ansín Agís 
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EEDBF8603152F866" box="[511,574,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
); in 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EDE4F860303BF866" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[704,855,1925,1951]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EDE4F860303BF866" box="[704,855,1925,1951]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">M. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the gonothecae are ovate, with an obliquely truncate aperture with a submarginal row of large, internal teeth surrounded by large, internal teeth (
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EFE1F828322EF811" author="Bale W. M." box="[197,322,1998,2024]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="15 - 48" refId="ref19430" refString="Bale W. M. 1882. On the Hydroida of south-eastern Australia, with descriptions of supposed new species, and notes on the genus Aglaophenia. Journal of the Microscopical Society of Victoria 2 (1): 15 - 48." type="journal article" year="1882">Bale 1882</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EE6AF82832B5F811" author="Ralph P. M." box="[334,473,1998,2024]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="749 - 838" refId="ref24594" refString="Ralph P. M. 1961. New Zealand thecate hydroids, pt. III. Family Sertulariidae. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 88 (4): 749 - 838." type="journal article" year="1961">Ralph 1961</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EEC1F82931EDF811" author="Watson J. E." box="[485,641,1998,2025]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="153 - 200" refId="ref26306" refString="Watson J. E. 1973. Pearson Island Expedition, 1969. - 9. Hydroids. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 97 (3): 153 - 200. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 41079927 [accessed 15 Jun. 2021]." type="journal article" year="1973">Watson 1973</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FFACFF85EDA9F82831A7F811" author="Watson J. E." box="[653,715,1998,2024]" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" pagination="71 - 91" refId="ref26397" refString="Watson J. E. 2011. Review of the genus Monotheca (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Australia with description of a new species and a note on Monothecella Stechow, 1923. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 68 (1): 71 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2011.68.05" type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
); finally, in 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFACFF85EC72F82930B1F811" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[854,989,1998,2024]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="30" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFACFF85EC72F82930B1F811" box="[854,989,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="79">M. flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the gonothecae are fusiform, with
</paragraph>
<caption id="37B9B3CFFFADFF84EF99F86F3768F83F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5088147" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5088147" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5088147/files/figure.png" pageId="31" pageNumber="80" startId="31.[189,232,1929,1955]" targetBox="[203,1383,274,1870]" targetPageId="31">
<paragraph id="6379E347FFADFF84EF99F86F3768F83F" blockId="31.[189,1398,1929,1991]" pageId="31" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFADFF84EF99F86F3261F85A" bold="true" box="[189,269,1929,1955]" pageId="31" pageNumber="80">Fig. 8.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FFADFF84EE3CF86F3178F85A" authority="Gil &amp; Ramil, 2021" authorityName="Gil &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2021" box="[280,532,1929,1955]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="31" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bergstadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFADFF84EE3CF86F3178F85A" box="[280,532,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="80">Monotheca bergstadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4A81822EFFADFF84ED3BF86F3110F85A" box="[543,636,1929,1955]" pageId="31" pageNumber="80" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFADFF84EDA2F86F31F7F85A" bold="true" box="[646,667,1929,1955]" pageId="31" pageNumber="80">A</emphasis>
. Portion of colony with hydrocladia. 
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFADFF84EB42F86F3716F85A" bold="true" box="[1126,1146,1929,1955]" pageId="31" pageNumber="80">B</emphasis>
. Part of colony with hydrocladium and gonothecae. 
<emphasis id="51B23F55FFADFF84ED09F84A312EF83F" bold="true" box="[557,578,1964,1990]" pageId="31" pageNumber="80">C</emphasis>
. Detail of hydrocladia and gonotheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="37B9B3CFFF92FFBBEF99FEEF30D2FEDA" ID-Table-UUID="37B9B3CFFF92FFBBEF99FEEF30D2FEDA" box="[189,958,264,291]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/37B9B3CFFF92FFBBEF99FEEF30D2FEDA" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" startId="32.[189,258,265,291]" targetBox="[189,1232,340,983]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="32">
<paragraph id="6379E347FF92FFBBEF99FEEF30D2FEDA" blockId="32.[189,958,264,291]" box="[189,958,264,291]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEF99FEEF3242FEDB" bold="true" box="[189,302,264,291]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">Table 12.</emphasis>
Measurements of 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBED23FEEE306DFEDB" authority="Gil &amp; Ramil, 2021" authorityName="Gil &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2021" box="[519,769,264,290]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bergstadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBED23FEEE306DFEDB" box="[519,769,264,290]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">Monotheca bergstadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4A81822EFF92FFBBEC2CFEEF3009FEDA" box="[776,869,265,291]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, in µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6379E347FF92FFBBEB1DFEB237D8FC2E" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<table id="11C611E7FF920064EF99FEB237BCFC2E" box="[189,1232,340,983]" gridcols="2" gridrows="16" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FEB237BCFE74" box="[189,1232,340,397]" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<th id="9E278879FF920064EF99FEB237BCFE74" box="[189,1232,340,397]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEB1DFEB237D8FE74" bold="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">SEAFO-2015 Stn BT5</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FE7837BCFE4F" box="[189,1232,414,438]" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FE78306FFE4F" box="[189,771,414,438]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">Stem internode, length</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FE7837BCFE4F" box="[1110,1232,414,438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">320–400</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FE2337BCFE24" box="[189,1232,453,477]" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FE23306FFE24" box="[189,771,453,477]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">diameter at node</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FE2337BCFE24" box="[1110,1232,453,477]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">50–70</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FE0A37BCFDFD" box="[189,1232,492,516]" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FE0A306FFDFD" box="[189,771,492,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">First hydrocladial internode ahydrothecate, length</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FE0A37BCFDFD" box="[1110,1232,492,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">85–120</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FDF537BCFDD2" box="[189,1232,531,555]" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FDF5306FFDD2" box="[189,771,531,555]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">diameter at node</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FDF537BCFDD2" box="[1110,1232,531,555]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">40–45</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FDDC37BCFDAB" box="[189,1232,570,594]" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FDDC306FFDAB" box="[189,771,570,594]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">Following hydrocladial internode hydrothecate, length</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FDDC37BCFDAB" box="[1110,1232,570,594]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">140–180</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FD8737BCFD80" box="[189,1232,609,633]" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FD87306FFD80" box="[189,771,609,633]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">Hydrotheca length abcauline wall</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FD8737BCFD80" box="[1110,1232,609,633]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">90–110</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FD6E37BCFD59" box="[189,1232,648,672]" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FD6E306FFD59" box="[189,771,648,672]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">length adcauline wall</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FD6E37BCFD59" box="[1110,1232,648,672]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">90–110</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FD4837BCFD3E" box="[189,1232,686,711]" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FD48306FFD3E" box="[189,771,686,711]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">diameter at rim</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FD4837BCFD3E" box="[1110,1232,686,711]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">90–140</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FD3337BCFD14" box="[189,1232,725,749]" gridrow="9" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FD33306FFD14" box="[189,771,725,749]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">Lateral nematotheca, length</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FD3337BCFD14" box="[1110,1232,725,749]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">80–116</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FD1A37BCFCED" box="[189,1232,764,788]" gridrow="10" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FD1A306FFCED" box="[189,771,764,788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">diameter at rim</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FD1A37BCFCED" box="[1110,1232,764,788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">44–64</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FCC537BCFCC2" box="[189,1232,803,827]" gridrow="11" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FCC5306FFCC2" box="[189,771,803,827]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">Mesial nematotheca, legth</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FCC537BCFCC2" box="[1110,1232,803,827]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">80–140</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FCAC37BCFC9B" box="[189,1232,842,866]" gridrow="12" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FCAC306FFC9B" box="[189,771,842,866]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">diameter at rim</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FCAC37BCFC9B" box="[1110,1232,842,866]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">48–60</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FC9737BCFC70" box="[189,1232,881,905]" gridrow="13" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FC97306FFC70" box="[189,771,881,905]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">Gonotheca, length</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FC9737BCFC70" box="[1110,1232,881,905]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">470–590</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FC7E37BCFC49" box="[189,1232,920,944]" gridrow="14" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FC7E306FFC49" box="[189,771,920,944]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">maximum diameter</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FC7E37BCFC49" box="[1110,1232,920,944]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">260–420</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DDF6E105FF920064EF99FC5937BCFC2E" box="[189,1232,959,983]" gridrow="15" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
<td id="9E278879FF920064EF99FC59306FFC2E" box="[189,771,959,983]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">diameter at rim</td>
<td id="9E278879FF920064EB72FC5937BCFC2E" box="[1110,1232,959,983]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">170–280</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FF92FFBBEF99FBCA32C3FB90" blockId="32.[188,1398,1068,1130]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
slightly undulated walls and a rather small, apical aperture produced into a neck of variable height (
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEA1BFBCA3396FB90" author="Bale W. M." pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="93 - 117" refId="ref19474" refString="Bale W. M. 1894. Further notes on Australian hydroids, with descriptions of some new species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 6: 93 - 117." type="journal article" year="1894">Bale 1894</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEE22FBB632CEFB90" author="Watson J. E." box="[262,418,1103,1130]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="71 - 91" refId="ref26397" refString="Watson J. E. 2011. Review of the genus Monotheca (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Australia with description of a new species and a note on Monothecella Stechow, 1923. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 68 (1): 71 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2011.68.05" type="journal article" year="2011">Watson 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FF92FFBBEF99FB773169FB37" blockId="32.[189,1399,1168,1230]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
In addition, 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEE70FB77316DFB53" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[340,513,1169,1194]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEE70FB77316DFB53" box="[340,513,1169,1194]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an amphi-Atlantic species, whereas 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBECC6FB773717FB53" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[994,1147,1168,1194]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBECC6FB773717FB53" box="[994,1147,1168,1194]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">M. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEB98FB77362BFB53" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[1212,1351,1168,1194]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEB98FB77362BFB53" box="[1212,1351,1168,1194]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">M. flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are predominately Indo-Pacific.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FF92FFBBEF99FB133094F96B" blockId="32.[188,1399,1269,1683]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
Nevertheless, 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEE40FB103294FAF6" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[356,504,1269,1295]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEE40FB103294FAF6" box="[356,504,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">M. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was reported several times from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea (for a review, see 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEEB7FAFE3149FACB" author="Calder D. R." box="[403,549,1304,1330]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref20205" refString="Calder D. R. 1997. Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions of the Royal Ontario Museum 161: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder 1997</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBED7AFAFE3001FACB" author="Ansin Agis J. &amp; Ramil F. &amp; Vervoort W." box="[606,877,1304,1330]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref19369" refString="Ansin Agis J., Ramil F. &amp; Vervoort W. 2001. Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 333: 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
Ansín Agís 
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEDCFFAFF304AFACB" box="[747,806,1304,1330]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
2001
</bibRefCitation>
), and the actual status of these records have been subjected to different interpretations in the literature. The records from the Northeast Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea, all with annulated and barrel-shaped gonothecae, were included in 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEBE9FAB93619FA81" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1229,1397,1375,1400]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEBE9FAB93619FA81" box="[1229,1397,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEFC6FA6432EBFA65" author="Calder D. R." box="[226,391,1410,1436]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 85" refId="ref20205" refString="Calder D. R. 1997. Shallow-water hydroids of Bermuda: superfamily Plumularioidea. Life Sciences Contributions of the Royal Ontario Museum 161: 1 - 85." type="journal article" year="1997">Calder (1997)</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEEE4FA64318EFA65" author="Ansin Agis J. &amp; Ramil F. &amp; Vervoort W." box="[448,738,1410,1436]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref19369" refString="Ansin Agis J., Ramil F. &amp; Vervoort W. 2001. Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 333: 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
Ansín Agís 
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBED69FA6531E4FA65" box="[589,648,1410,1436]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
(2001)
</bibRefCitation>
, and we agree with this conclusion, despite the fact that 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEF9AFA403207FA46" author="Watson J. E." box="[190,363,1445,1472]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="71 - 91" refId="ref26397" refString="Watson J. E. 2011. Review of the genus Monotheca (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Australia with description of a new species and a note on Monothecella Stechow, 1923. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 68 (1): 71 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2011.68.05" type="journal article" year="2011">Watson (2011)</bibRefCitation>
considers that they are conspecific with 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEC74FA4030B5FA46" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1894" box="[848,985,1445,1471]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flexuosa">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEC74FA4030B5FA46" box="[848,985,1445,1471]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">M. flexuosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The records of 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEB84FA40365AFA46" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1184,1334,1445,1471]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEB84FA40365AFA46" box="[1184,1334,1445,1471]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">M. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Mediterranean (
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEE8EFA2E31F3FA1B" author="Bouillon J. &amp; Medel M. D. &amp; Pages F. &amp; Gili J. M. &amp; Boero F. &amp; Gravili C." box="[426,671,1480,1506]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="5 - 438" refId="ref19973" refString="Bouillon J., Medel M. D., Pages F., Gili J. M., Boero F. &amp; Gravili C. 2004. Fauna of the Mediterranean Hydrozoa. Scientia Marina 68 (2): 5 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2004.68 s 25" type="journal article" year="2004">
Bouillon 
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBED3FFA2F3135FA1B" box="[539,601,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
2004
</bibRefCitation>
) are based on the material studied by 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEB57FA2E3268F9FF" author="Garcia Corrales P. &amp; Aguirre Inchaurbe A. &amp; Gonzalez Mora D." pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="5 - 73" refId="ref21870" refString="Garcia Corrales P., Aguirre Inchaurbe A. &amp; Gonzalez Mora D. 1978. Contribucion al conocimiento de los hidrozoos de las costas espanolas. Parte I: Halecidos, campanularidos y plumularidos. Boletin del Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia 5 (273): 5 - 73." type="journal article" year="1978">
García Corrales 
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEA1DFA2F361BFA1B" box="[1337,1399,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
(1978
</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEE0AFA0D3166F9FF" authorityName="Garcia, Aguirre &amp; Gonzalez" authorityYear="1978" box="[302,522,1515,1542]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="femina">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEE0AFA0D3166F9FF" box="[302,522,1515,1542]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">Plumularia femina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBED68FA0D3015F9FF" author="Medel M. D. &amp; Vervoort W." box="[588,889,1515,1542]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref23489" refString="Medel M. D. &amp; Vervoort W. 1995. Plumularian hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the strait of Gibraltar and nearby areas. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 300: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1995">Medel &amp; Vervoort (1995)</bibRefCitation>
, and belong to 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEB0CFA0A37BCF9FC" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1064,1232,1516,1541]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEB0CFA0A37BCF9FC" box="[1064,1232,1516,1541]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, despite some figures (
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEE39F9E93178F9D0" author="Bouillon J. &amp; Medel M. D. &amp; Pages F. &amp; Gili J. M. &amp; Boero F. &amp; Gravili C." box="[285,532,1551,1577]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="5 - 438" refId="ref19973" refString="Bouillon J., Medel M. D., Pages F., Gili J. M., Boero F. &amp; Gravili C. 2004. Fauna of the Mediterranean Hydrozoa. Scientia Marina 68 (2): 5 - 438. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2004.68 s 25" type="journal article" year="2004">
Bouillon 
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEEABF9E932A8F9D0" box="[399,452,1551,1577]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 92h, j) being based on Millard (1975: fig. 125c–d) and representing a different species (see below). The records of 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEDC9F9D530EEF9B5" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[749,898,1586,1612]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEDC9F9D530EEF9B5" box="[749,898,1586,1612]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">M. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Argentinian coast (
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEBF3F9D4361DF9B5" author="Blanco O. M." box="[1239,1393,1586,1612]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="73 - 78" refId="ref19756" refString="Blanco O. M. 1973. Nuevos plumularidos para aguas Argentinas. Neotropica 19: 73 - 78." type="journal article" year="1973">Blanco 1973</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEF9AF9B33390F996" author="Blanco O. M." box="[190,252,1621,1647]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="181 - 216" refId="ref19776" refString="Blanco O. M. 1994. Enumeracion sistematica y distribucion geografica preliminar de los Hydroida de la Republica Argentina. Suborden Athecata (Gymnoblastea, Anthomedusae), Thecata (Calyptoblastea, Leptomedusae) y Limnomedusae. Revista del Museo de La Plata 14 (161): 181 - 216." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEE23F9B332DFF996" author="Genzano G. N." box="[263,435,1621,1647]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="35 - 54" refId="ref21921" refString="Genzano G. N. 1990. Hidropolipos (Cnidaria) de Mar del Plata, Argentina. Neritica 5 (1): 35 - 54." type="journal article" year="1990">Genzano 1990</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEE9BF9B33291F996" author="Genzano G. N." box="[447,509,1621,1647]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="289 - 303" refId="ref21949" refString="Genzano G. N. 1994. La comunidad hidroide del intermareal rocoso de Mar del Plata (Argentina). I. Estacionalidad, abundancia y periodos reproductivos. Cahiers de Biologie marine 35 (3): 289 - 303." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
; all as 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBED6CF9B33055F996" box="[584,825,1621,1647]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchela">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBED6CF9B33055F996" box="[584,825,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">Plumularia pulchela</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), were provisionally placed under 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEBEAF9B0361AF996" baseAuthorityName="Nutting" baseAuthorityYear="1900" box="[1230,1398,1622,1647]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEBEAF9B0361AF996" box="[1230,1398,1622,1647]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEFC4F99E3296F96B" author="Ansin Agis J. &amp; Ramil F. &amp; Vervoort W." box="[224,506,1656,1682]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 268" refId="ref19369" refString="Ansin Agis J., Ramil F. &amp; Vervoort W. 2001. Atlantic Leptolida (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria) of the families Aglaopheniidae, Halopterididae, Kirchenpaueriidae and Plumulariidae collected during the CANCAP and Mauritania-II expeditions of the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, The Netherlands. Zoologische Verhandelingen, Leiden 333: 1 - 268." type="journal article" year="2001">
Ansín Agís 
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEE4DF99F32C8F96B" box="[361,420,1656,1682]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">et al.</emphasis>
(2001)
</bibRefCitation>
because the involved colonies were sterile.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FF92FFBBEF99F95C3135F899" blockId="32.[189,1399,1722,1888]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
The morphology of the colonies collected at the Vema Seamount studied in this report, with respect to their tropho- and gonosome, completely coincides with those described by Millard (1975) as 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEA73F9383246F8E3" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1882" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEA73F9383246F8E3" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">M. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<collectingCountry id="1BD1A3D7FF92FFBBEE56F8E6316BF8E3" box="[370,519,1792,1818]" name="South Africa" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">South Africa</collectingCountry>
and the Vema Seamount. This material, characterized by its barrel-shaped, smooth-walled gonothecae, is clearly distinct from the current concept of 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEB0AF8C237AFF8C4" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1070,1219,1827,1853]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEB0AF8C237AFF8C4" box="[1070,1219,1827,1853]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">M. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and also from other previously discussed species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FF92FFBBEF99F86E3736F810" blockId="32.[189,1398,1928,2025]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">
In fact, 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF92FFBBEE3AF86E32A0F85B" author="Watson J. E." box="[286,460,1928,1954]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" pagination="71 - 91" refId="ref26397" refString="Watson J. E. 2011. Review of the genus Monotheca (Hydrozoa: Leptolida) from Australia with description of a new species and a note on Monothecella Stechow, 1923. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 68 (1): 71 - 91. https: // doi. org / 10.24199 / j. mmv. 2011.68.05" type="journal article" year="2011">Watson (2011)</bibRefCitation>
excluded the South African records from the synonymy of 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEB83F86F3653F85B" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1191,1343,1928,1954]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEB83F86F3653F85B" box="[1191,1343,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">M. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but did not assign them to any known species of 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEDF2F84D3036F83C" authorityName="Nutting" authorityYear="1900" box="[726,858,1963,1989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEDF2F84D3036F83C" box="[726,858,1963,1989]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">Monotheca</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Consequently, we consider that this material represents a new species, for which we propose the name 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF92FFBBEC47F8293095F811" authority="Gil &amp; Ramil, 2021" authorityName="Gil &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2021" box="[867,1017,1998,2024]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bergstadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF92FFBBEC47F8293095F811" box="[867,1017,1998,2024]" italics="true" pageId="32" pageNumber="81">M. bergstadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4A81822EFF92FFBBEB24F8293736F810" box="[1024,1114,1999,2025]" pageId="32" pageNumber="81" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2BDCB0CCFF93FFBAEF99FEEE3110FE45" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6379E347FF93FFBAEF99FEEE323AFEDB" blockId="33.[189,342,264,290]" box="[189,342,264,290]" pageId="33" pageNumber="82">
<heading id="3831542BFF93FFBAEF99FEEE323AFEDB" bold="true" box="[189,342,264,290]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" reason="3">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF93FFBAEF99FEEE323AFEDB" bold="true" box="[189,342,264,290]" pageId="33" pageNumber="82">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6379E347FF93FFBAEF99FED13110FE45" blockId="33.[189,1399,311,445]" pageId="33" pageNumber="82">
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF93FFBAEF99FED132D6FEA8" authority="Gil &amp; Ramil, 2021" authorityName="Gil &amp; Ramil" authorityYear="2021" box="[189,442,311,337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Monotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Fabales" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bergstadi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF93FFBAEF99FED132D6FEA8" box="[189,442,311,337]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="82">Monotheca bergstadi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4A81822EFF93FFBAEEE0FEDE314EFEAB" box="[452,546,312,338]" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has previously been reported from Vema Seamount (
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF93FFBAEB89FED13622FEA8" author="Millard N. A. H." box="[1197,1358,311,337]" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" pagination="489 - 496" refId="ref23681" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1966. Hydroids of the Vema Seamount. Annals of the South African Museum 48: 489 - 496." type="journal article" year="1966">Millard 1966</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF93FFBAEF99FEBD32DBFE8C" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[189,439,347,373]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF93FFBAEF99FEBD32DBFE8C" box="[189,439,347,373]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="82">Plumularia pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<collectingCountry id="1BD1A3D7FF93FFBAEEDEFEBD31FEFE8C" box="[506,658,347,373]" name="South Africa" pageId="33" pageNumber="82">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, from the west coast of 
<collectingRegion id="A1022DA5FF93FFBAEC8DFEBD3089FE8C" box="[937,997,347,373]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="33" pageNumber="82">Cape</collectingRegion>
Peninsula to Natal (
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF93FFBAEBF7FEBD361DFE8F" author="Millard N. A. H." box="[1235,1393,347,374]" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" pagination="173 - 243" refId="ref23569" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1957. The Hydrozoa of False Bay, South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 43: 173 - 243." type="journal article" year="1957">Millard 1957</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="07579EB6FF93FFBAEF99FE983396FE61" author="Millard N. A. H." box="[189,250,382,408]" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" pagination="261 - 319" refId="ref23639" refString="Millard N. A. H. 1962. The Hydrozoa of the south and west coasts of South Africa. Part I. The Plumulariidae. Annals of the South African Museum 46 (11): 261 - 319." type="journal article" year="1962">1962</bibRefCitation>
, 1975; all as 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF93FFBAEEB2FE99314CFE61" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[406,544,382,408]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF93FFBAEEB2FE99314CFE61" box="[406,544,382,408]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="82">P. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Its bathymetric distribution extends from the littoral zone to a depth of 
<quantity id="A43E4EA2FF93FFBAEF99FE443264FE45" box="[189,264,418,444]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" unit="m" value="100.0">100 m</quantity>
(Millard 1975, as 
<taxonomicName id="A4C698C4FF93FFBAEEC5FE453106FE45" baseAuthorityName="Bale" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[481,618,418,444]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Plumulariidae" genus="Plumularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="33" pageNumber="82" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pulchella">
<emphasis id="51B23F55FF93FFBAEEC5FE453106FE45" box="[481,618,418,444]" italics="true" pageId="33" pageNumber="82">P. pulchella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>