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<document id="FB35F842E012D2C68EF3D3904F7F6E4B" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.246.1.6" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13679874" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1725412737810" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Mcdonnell, Angela &amp; Fishbein, Mark" docDate="2016" docId="EB0387CD5755FD43FF085FE7828C47F8" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.246.1.6.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 246 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Polystemma canisferum McDonnell &amp; Fishbein. A 2016, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="83" masterDocId="173AFFB55754FD46FF805F13865D4471" masterDocTitle="Polystemma canisferum (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae): a distinctive new gonoloboid milkweed vine from Sonora, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="78" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1725432419581" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="478F85F8BCFFF413667070B874244C88">Polystemma canisferum (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae): a distinctive new gonoloboid milkweed vine from Sonora, Mexico</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="21DBF03E257B8C47B305E242F47383C0" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FDA768BA071F521F153F7BFD9F90ECBD">Mcdonnell, Angela</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="75B4A03F7AE438365905FD0844E97877">Oklahoma State University, Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="80F203300F699C3D292BD1D332FA24AC">Fishbein, Mark</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="768CCABC061B90A4BF2D93DA3F98F729">Oklahoma State University, Department of Plant Biology, Ecology, and Evolution, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="CB6B41BF3ED9AC2F907E12A278DDE0BD">Phytotaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E7A27C7D88AA24F0C0F998ABDB237CD1">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0D8C8A985C6FD92E037DB677453FB1AA">2016-02-05</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="08072F18338FDCAF20A74CCC52067E89" type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.246.1.6</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="1BC623E96F4181777170659647722C84" type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="EB0387CD5755FD43FF085FE7828C47F8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679867" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13679867" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB0387CD5755FD43FF085FE7828C47F8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EB0387CD5755FD43FF085FE7828C47F8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<subSubSection id="2BB065505755FD47FF085FE785D5457E" box="[136,904,244,271]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="631536DB5755FD47FF085FE785D5457E" blockId="1.[136,904,244,271]" box="[136,904,244,271]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<heading id="385D81B75755FD47FF085FE785D5457E" box="[136,904,244,271]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585755FD47FF085FE784F6457E" ID-CoL="4LMFR" authority="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein" authorityName="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein. A" authorityYear="2016" box="[136,683,244,271]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canisferum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95755FD47FF085FE787C3457F" bold="true" box="[136,414,244,271]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Polystemma canisferum</emphasis>
McDonnell &amp; Fishbein
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95755FD47FD365FE58556457E" box="[694,779,246,271]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4AED57B25755FD47FD365FE58556457E" box="[694,779,246,271]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<figureCitation id="FB912A5E5755FD47FC995FE585D9457E" box="[793,900,246,271]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="1.[136,229,1396,1417]" captionStartId-1="2.[136,229,940,961]" captionStartId-2="3.[136,229,1953,1974]" captionTargetBox-0="[226,1362,400,1368]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,190,915]" captionTargetBox-2="[187,1401,190,1928]" captionTargetId-0="figure-64@1.[226,1362,400,1368]" captionTargetId-1="figure-14@2.[151,1436,190,915]" captionTargetId-2="figure-14@3.[187,1401,190,1928]" captionTargetPageId-0="1" captionTargetPageId-1="2" captionTargetPageId-2="3" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Flowers and fruit of Polystemma canisferum McDonnell &amp; Fishbein.A) Flowers of plant grown from seed of Van Devender 2005-150 from El Seguro, Sonora (vouchered by Fishbein 6260), scale = 0.2 cm. B) Dissected flower from Fishbein 6600 (grown from seed of Reina 2005-50 from Loma Maderista, Sonora) showing calyx (ca), corolla (co), corona segments (cs), corpusculum of pollinium (p), anther (a), and style head (s), scale = 500 μm. C) Follicle from Van Devender 2005-150, scale = 2.5 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Gynostegium and corona of Polystemma canisferum McDonnell &amp; Fishbein from Fishbein 6600.A) Gynostegium and corona with calyx and corolla removed. B) Outline of one corona segment viewed from abaxial side showing only outer appendages. C) Outline of one corona segment viewed from oblique lateral perspective showing inner and outer appendages. Scale bar = 500 μm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Polystemma canisferum McDonnell &amp; Fishbein (Jenkins 94-59) from Los Camotes, Sonora. (OKLA!)" figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679876" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679878" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679880" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13679876/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13679878/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13679880/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
.
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2BB065505755FD47FF085E53874F42BE" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="631536DB5755FD47FF085E53837F4508" blockId="1.[136,1454,320,377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
Type:—
<collectingCountry id="1BBD764B5755FD47FF565E5387654524" box="[214,312,320,341]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="A16EF8395755FD47FEC15E5387D44524" box="[321,393,320,341]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Sonora</collectingRegion>
: Mpio. de Alamos: East-Northeast of Los Camotes along Los Tanques-Las Chinacas road, 27.28˚N 108.83˚W, elev.
<quantity id="A4529B3E5755FD47FF705E7787724508" box="[240,303,356,377]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" unit="m" value="290.0">290 m</quantity>
,
<date id="1714101B5755FD47FEB85E7787894508" box="[312,468,356,377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" value="1994-08-18">18 August 1994</date>
.
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95755FD47FE5C5E7785F04508" box="[476,941,356,377]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<collectionCode id="05BBAE1E5755FD47FE5C5E7787B64508" box="[476,491,356,377]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="Herbarium">P</collectionCode>
. Jenkins,
<collectionCode id="05BBAE1E5755FD47FDC85E7784024508" box="[584,607,356,377]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="Herbarium">M</collectionCode>
. Fishbein, and
<collectionCode id="05BBAE1E5755FD47FD725E77855C4508" box="[754,769,356,377]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
. Steinmann 94-59
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="BC1188795755FD47FC3A5E77824E4508" box="[954,1043,356,377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="05BBAE1E5755FD47FB9C5E77823B4508" box="[1052,1126,356,377]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13799" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13799" name="Oklahoma State University" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="Herbarium">OKLA</collectionCode>
!,
<typeStatus id="BC1188795755FD47FBF25E7782E64508" box="[1138,1211,356,377]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="05BBAE1E5755FD47FB445E7783494508" box="[1220,1300,356,377]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="Herbarium">MEXU</collectionCode>
!).
</paragraph>
<caption id="37D566535755FD47FF085A6782C84184" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679876" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13679876" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13679876/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" startId="1.[136,229,1396,1417]" targetBox="[226,1362,400,1368]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="631536DB5755FD47FF085A6782C84184" blockId="1.[136,1452,1396,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95755FD47FF085A6786A341F8" bold="true" box="[136,254,1396,1417]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Flowers and fruit of
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585755FD47FE495A6785ED41F8" authority="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein. A" authorityName="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein. A" authorityYear="2016" box="[457,944,1396,1417]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canisferum">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95755FD47FE495A6784F241F8" box="[457,687,1396,1417]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Polystemma canisferum</emphasis>
McDonnell &amp; Fishbein. A
</taxonomicName>
) Flowers of plant grown from seed of
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95755FD47FAA45A6786B941DC" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Van Devender 2005-150</emphasis>
from El Seguro, Sonora (vouchered by
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95755FD47FDE95A8B84A941DC" box="[617,756,1432,1453]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Fishbein 6260</emphasis>
), scale = 0.2 cm. B) Dissected flower from
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95755FD47FB1F5A8B837741DC" box="[1183,1322,1432,1453]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Fishbein 6600</emphasis>
(grown from seed of
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95755FD47FF535AAF873F41A0" box="[211,354,1468,1489]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Reina 2005-50</emphasis>
from Loma Maderista, Sonora) showing calyx (ca), corolla (co), corona segments (cs), corpusculum of pollinium (p), anther (a), and style head (s), scale = 500 μm. C) Follicle from
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95755FD47FC8E5AF385AA4184" box="[782,1015,1504,1525]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Van Devender 2005-150</emphasis>
, scale = 2.5 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="631536DB5755FD47FF085935874F42BE" blockId="1.[136,1452,1574,2067]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
Herbaceous perennial vine similar to other species of
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585755FD47FD6A5935852E424E" authorityName="sensu Stevens" authorityYear="2005" box="[746,883,1574,1599]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95755FD47FD6A5935852E424E" box="[746,883,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Polystemma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in many vegetative aspects, but
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585755FD47FB6559358323424E" authorityName="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein. A" authorityYear="2016" box="[1253,1406,1574,1599]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canisferum">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95755FD47FB6559358323424E" box="[1253,1406,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">P. canisferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has somewhat smaller leaves with acuminate apices and bases with narrow sinuses. This species is distinctive by its small, narrowly campanulate-tubular, green corollas and corona segments with appendages in two series, the outer series with three linear appendages, the central one ornamented with three to five small lobes and the inner series with two linear appendages.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2BB065505755FD44FF3D59C98561421F" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" type="description">
<paragraph id="631536DB5755FD44FF3D59C98561421F" blockId="1.[136,1452,1574,2067]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,1081,2078]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95755FD47FF3D59C9870C4282" bold="true" box="[189,337,1754,1779]" pageId="1" pageNumber="79">Description:</emphasis>
—Plants perennial twining vines with fissured cork at base, usually with multiple stems from a thickened taproot, all vegetative parts covered with a mix of glandular hairs to
<quantity id="A4529B3E5755FD47FC7759ED82074366" box="[1015,1114,1790,1815]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="0.05">0.05 mm</quantity>
and eglandular hairs
<quantity id="A4529B3E5755FD47FACA59ED86E9434A" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" unit="mm" value="0.475" valueMax="0.55" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.55 mm</quantity>
long. Leaves with petioles
<quantity id="A4529B3E5755FD47FE6258318403434A" box="[482,606,1826,1851]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" metricValueMax="4.1" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" unit="cm" value="2.8" valueMax="4.1" valueMin="1.5">1.5–4.1 cm</quantity>
long, blades narrowly ovate to deltoid, occasionally ovate, 3.0–
<quantity id="A4529B3E5755FD47FAA358318330434A" box="[1315,1389,1826,1851]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" unit="cm" value="9.3">9.3 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="A4529B3E5755FD47FF085855875B432E" box="[136,262,1862,1887]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" unit="cm" value="3.15" valueMax="4.5" valueMin="1.8">1.8–4.5 cm</quantity>
wide; bases cordate, the sinus deep to nearly obsolete, apices acute to acuminate, margins entire; adaxial surfaces moderately hirsute and with 3–6 elongated conical colleters, yellow to brown, some falling off with age; abaxial surfaces hirsute, with glandular hairs abundant on and near veins; venation pinnipalmate. Inflorescences one per node, racemiform, extra-axillary, with 2–6 flowers,
<quantity id="A4529B3E5755FD47FD6F58A1853943BA" box="[751,868,1970,1995]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.45" metricValueMax="14.0" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" unit="cm" value="8.45" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="2.9">2.9–14 cm</quantity>
long; peduncles
<quantity id="A4529B3E5755FD47FBA058A182C143BA" box="[1056,1180,1970,1995]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.55" metricValueMax="5.8" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" unit="cm" value="3.55" valueMax="5.8" valueMin="1.3">1.3–5.8 cm</quantity>
long, indument a mix of glandular and eglandular hairs; bracts elliptic, usually 2 subtending each flower, 2.5–4.0 mm long, hirsute, deciduous; pedicels
<quantity id="A4529B3E5755FD47FF6A58E9873B4C62" box="[234,358,2042,2067]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="79" unit="cm" value="1.4" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="0.5">0.5–2.3 cm</quantity>
long, indument a mix of glandular and eglandular hairs. Flowers with calyces rotate-campanulate, lobes elliptic, 2.5–4.0 mm long, 1.5–2.0 mm wide; adaxial surface glabrous with 2 ovoid colleters at the base of each lobe, flanking the sinus,
<quantity id="A4529B3E5756FD44FE245B4E87A04007" box="[420,509,1117,1142]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
long; abaxial surface hirsute; corollas tubular-campanulate at anthesis, aestivation dextrorsely contorted in bud, green with purple to maroon striations within the tube and dark green reticulations on the lobes adaxially, 5.0–14.0 mm in diameter, the tube
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long; glabrous adaxially, short hirsutulous abaxially; the corolla lobes oblong, spreading to ascending with reflexed margins, 3.0–
<quantity id="A4529B3E5756FD44FC6F5BDA821B4093" box="[1007,1094,1225,1250]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="6.4">6.4 mm</quantity>
long, hirsutulous abaxially and glabrous adaxially; corona of 5 united segments, each with more or less filiform appendages in 2 series, the outer series with 3 linear appendages, the central one ornamented with 3–5 small, irregular flanking lobes, the inner series with 2 linear appendages, glabrous, yellow-green, arising at the junction of the gynostegial column and the corolla and fused to the sides of the gynostegium; staminal column approximately
<quantity id="A4529B3E5756FD44FCDD5A4A85EE4103" box="[861,947,1369,1394]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
in height; anthers deltoid with short, broadly rounded apical appendages, anther wings narrow, chartaceous; pollinia yellow, oval, with a large excavated portion near the top abaxial surface,
<quantity id="A4529B3E5756FD44FE4F5AB2847B41CB" box="[463,550,1441,1466]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="A4529B3E5756FD44FDEF5AB2848941CB" box="[623,724,1441,1466]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="0.35">0.35 mm</quantity>
wide; translator arms
<quantity id="A4529B3E5756FD44FC525AB2822841CB" box="[978,1141,1441,1466]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="0.13" valueMax="0.15" valueMin="0.11">0.11–0.15 mm</quantity>
long, deltoid; corpusculum dark reddish brown, rhombic,
<quantity id="A4529B3E5756FD44FE655AD6846041AF" box="[485,573,1477,1502]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="A4529B3E5756FD44FD085AD684BD41AF" box="[648,736,1477,1502]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
wide; ovary 1.0–
<quantity id="A4529B3E5756FD44FC2D5AD6825E41AF" box="[941,1027,1477,1502]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
tall, smooth, style
<quantity id="A4529B3E5756FD44FB615AD6836741AF" box="[1249,1338,1477,1502]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
tall, style head exposed, apex convex. Fruits fusiform follicles with purplish-brown and whitish striations at maturity (green and white when immature),
<quantity id="A4529B3E5756FD44FE10591E84754257" box="[400,552,1549,1574]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.35" metricValueMin="1.05" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" unit="cm" value="12.0" valueMax="13.5" valueMin="10.5">10.5–13.5 cm</quantity>
long,
<quantity id="A4529B3E5756FD44FDED591E84B44257" box="[621,745,1549,1574]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" unit="cm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="1.1">1.1–1.3 cm</quantity>
wide, smooth, glabrous. Seeds oval to ovate, 50–100+ per fruit, brown, 5.5–7.0 mm long,
<quantity id="A4529B3E5756FD44FE2859228460423B" box="[424,573,1585,1610]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" unit="mm" value="0.275" valueMax="0.3" valueMin="0.25">0.25–0.3 mm</quantity>
wide, smooth to slightly rugose, margins remotely crenate, with 10–20 uneven teeth at distal end; comas micropylar, white,
<quantity id="A4529B3E5756FD44FDFE594684A6421F" box="[638,763,1621,1646]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.3" metricValueMin="3.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" unit="cm" value="3.2" valueMax="3.3" valueMin="3.1">3.1–3.3 cm</quantity>
long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="37D566535756FD44FF085CBF83454078" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679878" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13679878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13679878/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" startId="2.[136,229,940,961]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,915]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="631536DB5756FD44FF085CBF83454078" blockId="2.[136,1451,940,1033]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95756FD44FF085CBF86A147B0" bold="true" box="[136,252,940,961]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Gynostegium and corona of
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585756FD44FD8E5CBF858947B0" authority="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein" authorityName="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein. A" authorityYear="2016" box="[526,980,940,961]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canisferum">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95756FD44FD8E5CBF84AE47B0" box="[526,755,940,961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Polystemma canisferum</emphasis>
McDonnell &amp; Fishbein
</taxonomicName>
from
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95756FD44FB8C5CBF82C847B0" box="[1036,1173,940,961]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Fishbein 6600</emphasis>
. A) Gynostegium and corona with calyx and corolla removed. B) Outline of one corona segment viewed from abaxial side showing only outer appendages. C) Outline of one corona segment viewed from oblique lateral perspective showing inner and outer appendages. Scale bar = 500 μm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="2BB065505756FD44FF3D596A833842E3" box="[189,1381,1657,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="631536DB5756FD44FF3D596A833842E3" blockId="2.[136,1452,1081,2078]" box="[189,1381,1657,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95756FD44FF3D596A876342E3" bold="true" box="[189,318,1657,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Etymology</emphasis>
:—The specific epithet refers to the hirsute indument that stands tall as the hairs on a wild dog.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2BB065505756FD44FF3D598E833343A7" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="631536DB5756FD44FF3D598E85974337" blockId="2.[136,1452,1081,2078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95756FD44FF3D598E845242C7" bold="true" box="[189,527,1693,1718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Distribution and Phenology</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585756FD44FDB3598E851E42C7" authorityName="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein. A" authorityYear="2016" box="[563,835,1693,1718]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canisferum">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95756FD44FDB3598E851E42C7" box="[563,835,1693,1718]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Polystemma canisferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been found at scattered locations in central and southern
<collectingRegion id="A16EF8395756FD44FF7059D2871F42AB" box="[240,322,1729,1754]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Sonora</collectingRegion>
, from east of Hermosillo to southwest of Alamos, primarily in thorn scrub (
<figureCitation id="FB912A5E5756FD44FB1159D2828B42AB" box="[1169,1238,1729,1754]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1949,1970]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,195,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-14@4.[151,1436,190,1924]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Distribution map of Polystemma canisferum McDonnell &amp; Fishbein in Sonora, Mexico. Collection sites illustrated with black triangles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679882" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13679882/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
). These sites are in the foothills and plains west of the Sierra Madre Occidental. It is not common and all collections have been made from isolated plants. From the meager available data,
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585756FD44FD1D581A856E4353" authorityName="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein. A" authorityYear="2016" box="[669,819,1801,1826]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canisferum">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95756FD44FD1D581A856E4353" box="[669,819,1801,1826]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">P. canisferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to flower in August and to produce mature fruit in March and August. No pollinators or other faunal associates are known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="631536DB5756FD44FF3D5842833343A7" blockId="2.[136,1452,1081,2078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95756FD44FF3D584287E7431B" bold="true" box="[189,442,1873,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Conservation Status:</emphasis>
—Per
<bibRefCitation id="073B4B2A5756FD44FD83584284C0431B" author="IUCN" box="[515,669,1873,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" refId="ref2649" refString="IUCN (2014) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 11. Gland, Switzerland. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / technical-documents / red-list-documents (accessed 19 October 2015)" type="url" year="2014">IUCN (2014)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585756FD44FD2A584285EA431B" authorityName="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein. A" authorityYear="2016" box="[682,951,1873,1898]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canisferum">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95756FD44FD2A584285EA431B" box="[682,951,1873,1898]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Polystemma canisferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fulfills criterion Vulnerable D1, largely due to the very restricted distribution of isolated plants from only four localities, in moderately- to well-collected regions of
<collectingRegion id="A16EF8395756FD44FF27588A86A743C3" box="[167,250,1945,1970]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Sonora</collectingRegion>
. Fewer than 1,000 plants are known to exist in the wild, there are fewer than five populations known, and some of the localities are in areas that are susceptible to threats from anthropogenic activity (e.g., on roadsides).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2BB065505756FD43FF3D58F2828C47F8" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="631536DB5756FD43FF3D58F28303458C" blockId="2.[136,1452,1081,2078]" lastBlockId="5.[136,1455,160,905]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95756FD44FF3D58F284D7438B" bold="true" box="[189,650,2017,2042]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Discussion and comparison to relatives</emphasis>
:—
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585756FD44FD2E58F285E4438B" authorityName="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein. A" authorityYear="2016" box="[686,953,2017,2042]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canisferum">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95756FD44FD2E58F285E4438B" box="[686,953,2017,2042]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Polystemma canisferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from all other species of
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585756FD44FAA258F2872F4C6F" authority="sensu Stevens (2005" authorityName="sensu Stevens" authorityYear="2005" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95756FD44FAA258F2869B4C6F" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="80">Polystemma sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="073B4B2A5756FD44FF4E5716872F4C6F" author="Stevens, W. D." box="[206,370,2053,2078]" pageId="2" pageNumber="80" pagination="602 - 619" refId="ref2982" refString="Stevens, W. D. (2005) New and interesting milkweeds (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae). Novon 15: 602 - 619." type="journal article" year="2005">Stevens (2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; Stevens unpubl.) primarily by its small, tubular-campanulate corollas that are relatively narrow and slender (
<figureCitation id="FB912A5E5751FD43FE9E5FB3872744C8" box="[286,378,160,185]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[136,229,1396,1417]" captionTargetBox="[226,1362,400,1368]" captionTargetId="figure-64@1.[226,1362,400,1368]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Flowers and fruit of Polystemma canisferum McDonnell &amp; Fishbein.A) Flowers of plant grown from seed of Van Devender 2005-150 from El Seguro, Sonora (vouchered by Fishbein 6260), scale = 0.2 cm. B) Dissected flower from Fishbein 6600 (grown from seed of Reina 2005-50 from Loma Maderista, Sonora) showing calyx (ca), corolla (co), corona segments (cs), corpusculum of pollinium (p), anther (a), and style head (s), scale = 500 μm. C) Follicle from Van Devender 2005-150, scale = 2.5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679876" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13679876/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
). The corolla of
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585751FD43FDC15FB384BB44C8" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1844" box="[577,742,160,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflorum">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FDC15FB384BB44C8" box="[577,742,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">P. viridiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is broadly campanulate and in
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585751FD43FBD75FB382BC44C8" authorityName="Lozada-Perez" authorityYear="2010" box="[1111,1249,160,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirandae">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FBD75FB382BC44C8" box="[1111,1249,160,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">P. mirandae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the corolla has a campanulate-rotate shape. Furthermore, while a corona of segments with filiform appendages is also found in other species of
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585751FD43FE815FFB87D74570" authorityName="sensu Stevens" authorityYear="2005" box="[257,394,232,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FE815FFB87D74570" box="[257,394,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Polystemma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, variation is present especially with respect to the middle lobe of each corona segment. In
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585751FD43FA175FFB87594554" authorityName="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein. A" authorityYear="2016" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canisferum">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FA175FFB87594554" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">P. canisferum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the middle lobe is ornamented with three to five smaller lobes (
<figureCitation id="FB912A5E5751FD43FC325E1F827A4554" box="[946,1063,268,293]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[136,229,940,961]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,915]" captionTargetId="figure-14@2.[151,1436,190,915]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gynostegium and corona of Polystemma canisferum McDonnell &amp; Fishbein from Fishbein 6600.A) Gynostegium and corona with calyx and corolla removed. B) Outline of one corona segment viewed from abaxial side showing only outer appendages. C) Outline of one corona segment viewed from oblique lateral perspective showing inner and outer appendages. Scale bar = 500 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679878" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13679878/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). The middle lobe of
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585751FD43FA8B5E1F83F64554" authorityName="Decaisne" authorityYear="1844" box="[1291,1451,268,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="viridiflorum">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FA8B5E1F83F64554" box="[1291,1451,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">P. viridiflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
corona segments are entire with no smaller lobes and in
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585751FD43FD725E23852A4538" authorityName="Lozada-Perez" authorityYear="2010" box="[754,887,304,329]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mirandae">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FD725E23852A4538" box="[754,887,304,329]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">P. mirandae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the middle lobe is ornamented with twelve smaller lobes. Other Sonoran species that will likely be transferred to
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585751FD43FCBB5E478599451C" authorityName="sensu Stevens" authorityYear="2005" box="[827,964,340,365]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FCBB5E478599451C" box="[827,964,340,365]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Polystemma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are different in that the coronas are fleshier and the segments are not filiform. These include
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585751FD43FD285E6B82BE45E0" authority="(A. Gray) Woodson (1941: 222)" authorityName="Woodson" authorityPageNumber="222" authorityYear="1941" baseAuthorityName="A. Gray" box="[680,1251,376,401]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Matelea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolia">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FD285E6B852A45E0" box="[680,887,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Matelea cordifolia</emphasis>
(A. Gray)
<bibRefCitation id="073B4B2A5751FD43FC705E6B82BE45E0" author="Woodson Jr., R. E." box="[1008,1251,376,401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" pagination="193 - 244" refId="ref3113" refString="Woodson Jr., R. E. (1941) The North American Asclepiadaceae I. Perspective of the genera. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 28: 193 - 244. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2394270" type="journal article" year="1941">Woodson (1941: 222)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585751FD43FB705E6B879F45C4" authority="(A. Gray) Woodson (1941: 223)" authorityName="Woodson" authorityPageNumber="223" authorityYear="1941" baseAuthorityName="A. Gray" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Matelea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="petiolaris">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FB705E6B83DD45E0" box="[1264,1408,376,401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">M. petiolaris</emphasis>
(A. Gray)
<bibRefCitation id="073B4B2A5751FD43FF4F5E8F879F45C4" author="Woodson Jr., R. E." box="[207,450,412,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" pagination="193 - 244" refId="ref3113" refString="Woodson Jr., R. E. (1941) The North American Asclepiadaceae I. Perspective of the genera. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 28: 193 - 244. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2394270" type="journal article" year="1941">Woodson (1941: 223)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585751FD43FE4F5E8F827945C4" authority="(Standley) W. D. Stevens (1983: 405)" authorityName="W. D. Stevens" authorityPageNumber="405" authorityYear="1983" baseAuthorityName="Standley" box="[463,1060,412,437]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Matelea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quercetorum">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FE4F5E8F84DF45C4" box="[463,642,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">M. quercetorum</emphasis>
(Standley) W.D.
<bibRefCitation id="073B4B2A5751FD43FCC35E8F827945C4" author="Stevens, W. D." box="[835,1060,412,437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" pagination="401 - 405" refId="ref2941" refString="Stevens, W. D. (1983) New species and names in Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae. Phytologia 53: 401 - 405. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 17467" type="journal article" year="1983">Stevens (1983: 405)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585751FD43FBB15E8F875245A8" authority="(Standley) Woodson (1941: 223)" authorityName="Woodson" authorityPageNumber="223" authorityYear="1941" baseAuthorityName="Standley" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Matelea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tristiflora">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FBB15E8F829C45C4" box="[1073,1217,412,437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">M. tristiflora</emphasis>
(Standley)
<bibRefCitation id="073B4B2A5751FD43FAC25E8F875245A8" author="Woodson Jr., R. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="83" pagination="193 - 244" refId="ref3113" refString="Woodson Jr., R. E. (1941) The North American Asclepiadaceae I. Perspective of the genera. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 28: 193 - 244. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2394270" type="journal article" year="1941">Woodson (1941: 223)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, and possibly other, undescribed entities. None have small, tubular-campanulate, green corollas, though the presumably distantly related
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585751FD43FE765EF78422458C" authorityName="Woodson" authorityYear="1941" baseAuthorityName="Torrey" box="[502,639,484,509]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Matelea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="producta">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FE765EF78422458C" box="[502,639,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">M. producta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in
<collectingRegion id="A16EF8395751FD43FD735EF7851F458C" box="[755,834,484,509]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Sonora</collectingRegion>
and has superficially similar corollas and fruits.
</paragraph>
<caption id="37D566535757FD45FF0858B2830E43C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679880" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13679880" box="[136,1363,1953,1974]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13679880/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="81" startId="3.[136,229,1953,1974]" targetBox="[187,1401,190,1928]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="631536DB5757FD45FF0858B2830E43C7" blockId="3.[136,1363,1953,1974]" box="[136,1363,1953,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="81">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95757FD45FF0858B286A343C7" bold="true" box="[136,254,1953,1974]" pageId="3" pageNumber="81">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Holotype of
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585757FD45FEFD58B2851543C7" authority="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein" authorityName="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein. A" authorityYear="2016" box="[381,840,1953,1974]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="3" pageNumber="81" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canisferum">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95757FD45FEFD58B2843E43C7" box="[381,611,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="81">Polystemma canisferum</emphasis>
McDonnell &amp; Fishbein
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95757FD45FCD558B2858643C7" box="[853,987,1953,1974]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="81">Jenkins 94-59</emphasis>
) from Los Camotes, Sonora. (OKLA!)
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="37D566535750FD42FF08588E86BF43A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13679882" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13679882" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13679882/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="82" startId="4.[136,229,1949,1970]" targetBox="[156,1431,195,1923]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="631536DB5750FD42FF08588E86BF43A7" blockId="4.[136,1451,1949,2006]" pageId="4" pageNumber="82">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95750FD42FF08588E86A043C3" bold="true" box="[136,253,1949,1970]" pageId="4" pageNumber="82">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="A4AA4D585750FD42FE42588E85D743C3" authority="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein" authorityName="McDonnell &amp; Fishbein. A" authorityYear="2016" box="[450,906,1949,1970]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Polystemma" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="4" pageNumber="82" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canisferum">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95750FD42FE42588E84F543C3" box="[450,680,1949,1970]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="82">Polystemma canisferum</emphasis>
McDonnell &amp; Fishbein
</taxonomicName>
in Sonora, Mexico. Collection sites illustrated with black triangles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="631536DB5751FD43FF3D5D1B855B46C0" blockId="5.[136,1455,160,905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
Accessions obtained from two seed sources produced flowers differing in corolla length. Seeds collected near Tonichi (
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FF6E5D3F87CE4634" box="[238,403,556,581]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Reina 2004-50</emphasis>
) yielded flowers with relatively long corollas (to
<quantity id="A4529B3E5751FD43FC415D3F82504634" box="[961,1037,556,581]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="cm" value="1.3">1.3 cm</quantity>
long, measured from
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FA835D3F869D4618" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Fishbein 6266, 6600</emphasis>
), whereas those from the southern end of the Sierra Mazatán (
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FC185D4382F04618" box="[920,1197,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Van Devender 2005-150</emphasis>
) yielded flowers with relatively short corollas (to
<quantity id="A4529B3E5751FD43FE3F5D67845646FC" box="[447,523,628,653]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="cm" value="0.6">0.6 cm</quantity>
long, measured from
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FC825D6785F946FC" box="[770,932,628,653]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Fishbein 6260</emphasis>
). In the absence of a broader set of specimens for study, no taxonomic status is accorded these variants.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="631536DB5751FD43FF3D5DAF828C47F8" blockId="5.[136,1455,160,905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<materialsCitation id="D3C23C865751FD43FF3D5DAF84774688" collectingDate="1994-09-12" collectionCode="OKLA" collectorName="Van Devender" country="Mexico" county="Mpio. de Navojoa" elevation="75" location="Teachive" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sonora" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FF3D5DAF876846A4" bold="true" box="[189,309,700,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<typeStatus id="BC1188795751FD43FF3D5DAF876846A4" box="[189,309,700,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:—
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FED95DAF856046A4" bold="true" box="[345,829,700,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<collectingCountry id="1BBD764B5751FD43FED95DAF878C46A4" box="[345,465,700,725]" name="Mexico" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="A16EF8395751FD43FE5C5DAF840B46A4" box="[476,598,700,725]" country="Mexico" name="Sonora" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">SONORA</collectingRegion>
.
<collectingCounty id="8A744E575751FD43FDE15DAF856546A4" box="[609,824,700,725]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Mpio. de Navojoa</collectingCounty>
:
</emphasis>
<location id="667560005751FD43FCC35DAF85F646A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB0387CD5755FD43FF085FE7828C47F8:667560005751FD43FCC35DAF85F646A4" box="[835,939,700,725]" country="Mexico" county="Mpio. de Navojoa" name="Teachive" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" stateProvince="Sonora">Teachive</location>
, 26.78˚N 109.25˚W, elev.
<quantity id="A4529B3E5751FD43FB4D5DAF835A46A4" box="[1229,1287,700,725]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="75.0">
<elevation id="E887D1E85751FD43FB4D5DAF835A46A4" box="[1229,1287,700,725]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="75.0">75 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="1714101B5751FD43FA925DAF869E4688" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" value="1994-09-12">
<collectingDate id="0750E9F35751FD43FA925DAF869E4688" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" value="1994-09-12">12 September 1994</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FF4D5DF3879D4688" box="[205,448,736,761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<collectorName id="CE5F530D5751FD43FF4D5DF387374688" box="[205,362,736,761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Van Devender</collectorName>
94-668
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="05BBAE1E5751FD43FE4E5DF3847F4688" box="[462,546,736,761]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13799" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13799" name="Oklahoma State University" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">OKLA</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="D3C23C865751FD43FDB35DF3869B4730" collectingDate="2004-03-03" collectionCode="W, OKLA" collectorName="Reina &amp; Fishbein" country="Mexico" county="Mpio. de Soyopa" elevation="190" location="Rio Yaqui" municipality="Tonichi" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sonora" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FDB35DF3855E4688" bold="true" box="[563,771,736,761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<collectingCounty id="8A744E575751FD43FDB35DF384A04688" box="[563,765,736,761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Mpio. de Soyopa</collectingCounty>
:
</emphasis>
<collectingCounty id="8A744E575751FD43FC895DF3859E4688" box="[777,963,736,761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Loma Maderista</collectingCounty>
,
<quantity id="A4529B3E5751FD43FC4D5DF382464688" box="[973,1051,736,761]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="km" value="3.5">3.5 km</quantity>
south of
<collectingMunicipality id="8371ACA15751FD43FB005DF382854688" box="[1152,1240,736,761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Tonichi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectionCode id="05BBAE1E5751FD43FB625DF382A14688" box="[1250,1276,736,761]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
side
<location id="667560005751FD43FAB55DF383F54688" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB0387CD5755FD43FF085FE7828C47F8:667560005751FD43FAB55DF383F54688" box="[1333,1448,736,761]" country="Mexico" county="Mpio. de Soyopa" municipality="Tonichi" name="Rio Yaqui" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" stateProvince="Sonora">Río Yaqui</location>
, 28.5668˚N 109.5577˚W, elev.
<quantity id="A4529B3E5751FD43FE625C178470476C" box="[482,557,772,797]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="190.0">
<elevation id="E887D1E85751FD43FE625C178470476C" box="[482,557,772,797]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="190.0">190 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="1714101B5751FD43FDBB5C1784BD476C" box="[571,736,772,797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" value="2004-03-03">
<collectingDate id="0750E9F35751FD43FDBB5C1784BD476C" box="[571,736,772,797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" value="2004-03-03">3 March 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FD6E5C1785CB476C" box="[750,918,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<collectorName id="CE5F530D5751FD43FD6E5C178572476C" box="[750,815,772,797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Reina</collectorName>
2004-50
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="05BBAE1E5751FD43FC275C1785A5476C" box="[935,1016,772,797]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13799" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13799" name="Oklahoma State University" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">OKLA</collectionCode>
),
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FB905C1782EE476C" box="[1040,1203,772,797]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<collectorName id="CE5F530D5751FD43FB905C17822F476C" box="[1040,1138,772,797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Fishbein</collectorName>
6266
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="05BBAE1E5751FD43FB445C17834B476C" box="[1220,1302,772,797]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13799" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13799" name="Oklahoma State University" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">OKLA</collectionCode>
, grown from seed)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="D3C23C865751FD43FF545C3B84E84730" box="[212,693,808,833]" collectionCode="OKLA" country="Mexico" county="Mpio. de Soyopa" location="Fishbein" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sonora" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FF545C3B872A4730" box="[212,375,808,833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<location id="667560005751FD43FF545C3B876B4730" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB0387CD5755FD43FF085FE7828C47F8:667560005751FD43FF545C3B876B4730" box="[212,310,808,833]" country="Mexico" county="Mpio. de Soyopa" name="Fishbein" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" stateProvince="Sonora">Fishbein</location>
6600
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="05BBAE1E5751FD43FE075C3B87844730" box="[391,473,808,833]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13799" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13799" name="Oklahoma State University" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">OKLA</collectionCode>
, grown from seed)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="D3C23C865751FD43FD415C3B84B747F8" collectingDate="2005-03-12" collectionCode="OKLA, USON" collectorName="Van Devender &amp; Reina &amp; Loyola" country="Mexico" county="Mpio. de Ures" elevation="466" location="Cerro La Posta" municipality="Rancho Viejo" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sonora" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FD415C3B852B4730" bold="true" box="[705,886,808,833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<collectingCounty id="8A744E575751FD43FD415C3B852F4730" box="[705,882,808,833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Mpio. de Ures</collectingCounty>
:
</emphasis>
<quantity id="A4529B3E5751FD43FCFF5C3B85924730" box="[895,975,808,833]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="km" value="1.3">1.3 km</quantity>
north of
<collectingCounty id="8A744E575751FD43FBBC5C3B82ED4730" box="[1084,1200,808,833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">El Seguro</collectingCounty>
, southwest of
<collectingMunicipality id="8371ACA15751FD43FAD65C3B86954714" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Rancho Viejo</collectingMunicipality>
, flats south of
<location id="667560005751FD43FEED5C5F84454714" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB0387CD5755FD43FF085FE7828C47F8:667560005751FD43FEED5C5F84454714" box="[365,536,844,869]" country="Mexico" county="Mpio. de Ures" municipality="Rancho Viejo" name="Cerro La Posta" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" stateProvince="Sonora">Cerro La Posta</location>
,
<location id="667560005751FD43FDA35C5F85494714" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB0387CD5755FD43FF085FE7828C47F8:667560005751FD43FDA35C5F85494714" box="[547,788,844,869]" country="Mexico" county="Mpio. de Ures" municipality="Rancho Viejo" name="south Sierra Mazatan" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" stateProvince="Sonora">south Sierra Mazatán</location>
, 29.1050˚N 110.3321˚W, elev.
<quantity id="A4529B3E5751FD43FBF25C5F82E14714" box="[1138,1212,844,869]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.66" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="466.0">
<elevation id="E887D1E85751FD43FBF25C5F82E14714" box="[1138,1212,844,869]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.66" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" unit="m" value="466.0">466 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="1714101B5751FD43FB485C5F832B4714" box="[1224,1398,844,869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" value="2005-03-12">
<collectingDate id="0750E9F35751FD43FB485C5F832B4714" box="[1224,1398,844,869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" value="2005-03-12">12 March 2005</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FA015C5F847847F8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<collectorName id="CE5F530D5751FD43FA015C5F86A847F8" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Van Devender</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="CE5F530D5751FD43FE805C63871C47F8" box="[256,321,880,905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Reina</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="CE5F530D5751FD43FEE55C6387EE47F8" box="[357,435,880,905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">Loyola</collectorName>
2005-150
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="05BBAE1E5751FD43FDB45C6384DB47F8" box="[564,646,880,905]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13799" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13799" name="Oklahoma State University" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">OKLA</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="05BBAE1E5751FD43FD115C6384BF47F8" box="[657,738,880,905]" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14313" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14313" name="Universidad de Sonora" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">USON</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="D3C23C865751FD43FD755C63829047F8" box="[757,1229,880,905]" collectionCode="OKLA" country="Mexico" county="Mpio. de Ures" location="Fishbein" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sonora" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="51DEEAC95751FD43FD755C6385CB47F8" box="[757,918,880,905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="83">
<location id="667560005751FD43FD755C63850A47F8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EB0387CD5755FD43FF085FE7828C47F8:667560005751FD43FD755C63850A47F8" box="[757,855,880,905]" country="Mexico" county="Mpio. de Ures" name="Fishbein" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" stateProvince="Sonora">Fishbein</location>
6260
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="05BBAE1E5751FD43FC255C6385AA47F8" box="[933,1015,880,905]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13799" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13799" name="Oklahoma State University" pageId="5" pageNumber="83" type="Herbarium">OKLA</collectionCode>
, grown from seed)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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