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<mods:title id="EE75BEBA0D942DE8A735ECC98591506B">Two new, brachypterous Limnellia species from the Venezuelan Andes (Diptera: Ephydridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="12970C7A141C9A16F552025D79F86850">Costa, Daniel N. R.</mods:namePart>
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<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FF65FAA697550A7E" bold="true" box="[151,556,1300,1326]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
Tribe
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Wirth and Stone
</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="4293F714D0391312FF65FAE8912E0ADF" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D0391312FF65FAE8958E0A20" box="[151,247,1370,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Scatellini">Scatellini</taxonomicName>
<treatmentCitation id="E322F62BD0391312FF0EFAE897760A20" author="Wirth" box="[252,527,1370,1392]" page="466" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1956">
<bibRefCitation id="0612ADCBD0391312FF0EFAE894A40A20" author="Wirth" box="[252,477,1370,1392]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refString="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Stone, A. (1956) Chapter 14. Aquatic Diptera. In: Usinger, R. L. (Ed.), Aquatic Insects of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 372 - 482." type="book chapter" year="1956">Wirth and Stone 1956</bibRefCitation>
: 466
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.
<typeStatus id="BD386E98D0391312FDEBFAE997320A20" box="[537,587,1371,1392]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Type</typeStatus>
genus:
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D0391312FD6BFAE8968B0A20" ID-CoL="643C5" authority="Robineau-Desvoidy 1830" authorityName="Robineau-Desvoidy" authorityYear="1830" box="[665,1010,1370,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FD6BFAE897920A20" box="[665,747,1370,1392]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Scatella</emphasis>
Robineau-Desvoidy 1830
</taxonomicName>
.─
<treatmentCitation id="E322F62BD0391312FBFEFAE890100A20" author="Mathis" box="[1036,1385,1370,1392]" page="254" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="1995">
<bibRefCitation id="0612ADCBD0391312FBFEFAE890400A20" author="Mathis" box="[1036,1337,1370,1392]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refString="Mathis, W. N. &amp; Zatwarnicki, T. (1995) A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 4, vi + 423 pp." type="book" year="1995">
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and
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1995
</bibRefCitation>
: 254
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288 [world catalog].─
<treatmentCitation id="E322F62BD0391312FE88FACB971C0ADF" author="Mathis" box="[378,613,1401,1423]" page="561" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" year="2014">
<bibRefCitation id="0612ADCBD0391312FE88FACB974E0ADF" author="Mathis" box="[378,567,1401,1423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" refString="Mathis, W. N., Marinoni, L. &amp; Costa, D. N. R. (2014) A review of Scatellini Wirth and Stone (Diptera: Ephydridae) from Brazil. Zoologia. An International Journal of Zoology, 28, 1 - 16. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702014000600005" type="journal article" year="2014">
<collectingCounty id="8B5DA8B6D0391312FE88FACB94B80ADF" box="[378,449,1401,1423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Mathis</collectingCounty>
<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FE35FAC894830ADF" box="[455,506,1401,1423]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
: 561
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576 [review of genera and species from
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].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="623CD03AD0391311FF65FA0E96B70C08" blockId="1.[151,1436,1468,2025]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,1247]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FF65FA0E94730A85" bold="true" box="[151,266,1468,1493]" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Diagnosis</emphasis>
. Specimens of
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D0391312FE48FA0E975D0A85" box="[442,548,1468,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Scatellini">Scatellini</taxonomicName>
may be distinguished from other
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D0391312FC56FA0E915C0A85" box="[932,1061,1468,1493]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ephydridae</taxonomicName>
by the following combination of character states:
<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FEA0FA6D94EE0AA8" box="[338,407,1503,1528]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Head:</emphasis>
Mesofrons subquadrate, slightly wider posteriorly, appearing dull, densely microtomentose or shiny with metallic luster; lacking interfrontal setae; usually 2 lateroclinate, fronto-orbital setae (most genera) or 1 (
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D0391312FF45F99494F2096F" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[183,395,1574,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Limnellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FF45F994945A096F" box="[183,291,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Limnellia</emphasis>
Malloch
</taxonomicName>
, most
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D0391312FE25F99497D5096F" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[471,684,1574,1599]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FE25F9949736096F" box="[471,591,1574,1599]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Scatophila</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
). Antenna relatively short; arista essentially bare, macropubescent (most genera) or bearing long dorsal rays (
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D0391312FD7DF9FB96100932" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[655,873,1609,1634]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Philotelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FD7DF9FB96730932" box="[655,778,1609,1634]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Philotelma</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
). Face projected, setulose to moderately densely pilose, marginal setae usually larger; dorsum of interfoveal hump usually similar to rest of face, dark colored in a few species, not shiny; eye bare, usually as wide as high, nearly round to obliquely oval, generally oriented obliquely to plane of epistoma; gena short to high, usually bearing a genal seta (most genera) or lacking (
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D0391312FF52F96594F009A0" authority="Mathis" authorityName="Mathis" box="[160,393,1751,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FF52F965944909A0" box="[160,304,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Haloscatella</emphasis>
Mathis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D0391312FE67F96597D909A0" authority="Hendel" authorityName="Hendel" box="[405,672,1751,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lamproscatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FE67F965973D09A0" box="[405,580,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Lamproscatella</emphasis>
Hendel
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D0391312FD5EF965965E09A0" box="[684,807,1751,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Philotelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FD5EF965965E09A0" box="[684,807,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Philotelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D0391312FCC5F965915209A0" authority="Mathis" authorityName="Mathis" box="[823,1067,1751,1776]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Thinoscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FCC5F96596A909A0" box="[823,976,1751,1776]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Thinoscatella</emphasis>
Mathis
</taxonomicName>
); oral opening moderately large, gaping, usually concealing clypeus.
<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FDC9F94997EC0844" box="[571,661,1787,1812]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Thorax:</emphasis>
Dorsocentral setae 23 (0+2, 1+2), some setae sometimes weakly developed, the posteriormost seta displaced laterally from alignment of others; intrapostalar seta lacking or weakly developed; presutural supra-alar seta variable, subequal or larger than anterior notopleural seta (
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D0391312FAB0F8F094D9082E" authority="Cresson" authorityName="Cresson" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Parascatella">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FAB0F8F090E5080B" box="[1346,1436,1858,1883]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Scatella</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="50F70C28D0391312FF52F8D79456082E" box="[160,303,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="302">Parascatella</emphasis>
) Cresson
</taxonomicName>
) or greatly reduced, weakly developed (most genera); postsutural supra-alar seta often reduced or lacking; 2 notopleural setae, placement of posterior seta variable, usually at same level as anterior seta; proepisternum lacking setae but often with a few setulae; prosternum bare of setae or setulae; anepisternum bearing 1 large seta just dorsad of midheight along posterior margin, several smaller setulae may also be present; anepimeron, meron, and metapleuron bare of setae. Wing hyaline to conspicuously infuscate with or without white spots; costal vein extended to vein M (most genera) or to vein R4+5 (
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FC79FF09917A0F84" box="[907,1027,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FC79FF09917A0F84" box="[907,1027,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scatophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); vein R2+3 usually long, terminating at approximately same distance from vein R4+5 as tip of vein M is from vein R4+5. Hindcoxal strap not setose; pulvilli normally developed; tarsal claws short, curved.
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FCFAFEB596020E70" box="[776,891,263,288]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Abdomen:</emphasis>
Male with 5 visible abdominal tergites, tergite 5 distinctly trapezoidal or triangular; female with 6, sometimes 7, visible tergites, tergite 5 subtrapezoidal, not triangular. Male terminalia: Surstylus usually fused with ventral margin of epandrium and not evident (most genera) or evident as lobes, perhaps secondarily developed (
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FC9DFEC091670EDB" box="[879,1054,370,395]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lamproscatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FC9DFEC091670EDB" box="[879,1054,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Lamproscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FBC1FEC091E60EDB" box="[1075,1183,370,395]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Limnellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FBC1FEC091E60EDB" box="[1075,1183,370,395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Limnellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); aedeagus usually a sclerotized structure (apparently basiphallus) (
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FD6DFE2796000EFE" authority="Eaton" authorityName="Eaton" box="[671,889,405,430]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Amalopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FD6DFE2796570EFE" box="[671,814,405,430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Amalopteryx</emphasis>
Eaton
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FC77FE27916D0EFE" box="[901,1044,405,430]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FC77FE27916D0EFE" box="[901,1044,405,430]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Haloscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[other than
<collectingCountry id="1A9490AAD03A1311FB6FFE25904A0EFE" box="[1181,1331,405,430]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
species],
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FF65FE0B943F0E82" box="[151,326,441,466]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lamproscatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FF65FE0B943F0E82" box="[151,326,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Lamproscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FE92FE0B94B20E82" box="[352,459,441,466]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Limnellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FE92FE0B94B20E82" box="[352,459,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Limnellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FE14FE0B97390E82" box="[486,576,441,466]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FE14FE0B97390E82" box="[486,576,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FDAEFE0B97AD0E82" box="[604,724,441,466]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FDAEFE0B97AD0E82" box="[604,724,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scatophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FD1CFE0B96FF0E82" box="[750,902,441,466]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Thinoscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FD1CFE0B96FF0E82" box="[750,902,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Thinoscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or with a sclerotized basiphallus and a membranous distiphallus invested with short, sharp scales or scale-like thorns (some
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FB98FE6E91800EA5" box="[1130,1273,476,501]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FB98FE6E91800EA5" box="[1130,1273,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Haloscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[species from
<collectingCountry id="1A9490AAD03A1311FF65FDB3944D0D49" box="[151,308,512,537]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
],
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FEB4FDB294B80D49" box="[326,449,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Philotelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FEB4FDB294B80D49" box="[326,449,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Philotelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); ejaculatory apodeme lacking (
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FCDDFDB296C70D49" box="[815,958,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Amalopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FCDDFDB296C70D49" box="[815,958,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Amalopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FC3FFDB291250D49" box="[973,1116,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FC3FFDB291250D49" box="[973,1116,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Haloscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FB9EFDB290620D49" box="[1132,1307,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lamproscatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FB9EFDB290620D49" box="[1132,1307,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Lamproscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FAD8FDB290EC0D49" box="[1322,1429,512,537]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Limnellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FAD8FDB290EC0D49" box="[1322,1429,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Limnellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FF65FD91946B0D6C" box="[151,274,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Philotelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FF65FD91946B0D6C" box="[151,274,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Philotelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FED0FD9194E30D6C" box="[290,410,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FED0FD9194E30D6C" box="[290,410,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scatophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FE58FD91973A0D6C" box="[426,579,547,572]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Thinoscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FE58FD91973A0D6C" box="[426,579,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Thinoscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or present as an L-shaped, flattened (dorsoventrally) structure (
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FAD8FD91958E0D30" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Apulvillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FAD8FD9190E50D6C" box="[1322,1436,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Apulvillus</emphasis>
Malloch
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FEF0FDF594950D30" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[258,492,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Neoscatella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FEF0FDF594FE0D30" box="[258,391,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Neoscatella</emphasis>
Malloch
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FE05FDF597280D30" box="[503,593,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FE05FDF597280D30" box="[503,593,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FDADFDF596640D30" authority="Lamb" authorityName="Lamb" box="[607,797,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Synhoplos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FDADFDF597AB0D30" box="[607,722,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Synhoplos</emphasis>
Lamb
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FCDAFDF5915B0D0F" authority="Macquart" authorityName="Macquart" box="[808,1058,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Teichomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FCDAFDF596D00D30" box="[808,937,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Teichomyza</emphasis>
Macquart
</taxonomicName>
); phallapodeme rudimentary, rodlike, lacking a keel (
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FE7FFDD897650DD3" box="[397,540,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Amalopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FE7FFDD897650DD3" box="[397,540,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Amalopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FDDDFDD897C70DD3" box="[559,702,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FDDDFDD897C70DD3" box="[559,702,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Haloscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FD23FDD896060DD3" box="[721,895,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lamproscatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FD23FDD896060DD3" box="[721,895,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Lamproscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FC61FDD896870DD3" box="[915,1022,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Limnellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FC61FDD896870DD3" box="[915,1022,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Limnellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FBE3FDD891F50DD3" box="[1041,1164,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Philotelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FBE3FDD891F50DD3" box="[1041,1164,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Philotelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FB6CFDD8906F0DD3" box="[1182,1302,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FB6CFDD8906F0DD3" box="[1182,1302,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scatophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or greatly reduced or lacking (
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FE7AFD3C94830DF7" box="[392,506,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Apulvillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FE7AFD3C94830DF7" box="[392,506,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Apulvillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FDFFFD3C97E80DF7" box="[525,657,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Neoscatella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FDFFFD3C97E80DF7" box="[525,657,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Neoscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FD56FD3C97870DF7" box="[676,766,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FD56FD3C97870DF7" box="[676,766,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FCE0FD3C96FC0DF7" box="[786,901,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Synhoplos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FCE0FD3C96FC0DF7" box="[786,901,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Synhoplos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FC6BFD3C91650DF7" box="[921,1052,654,679]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Teichomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FC6BFD3C91650DF7" box="[921,1052,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Teichomyza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); gonites and hypandrium fused forming a single structure (“gonal arch”) (
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FD8FFD0396750D9A" box="[637,780,689,714]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Amalopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FD8FFD0396750D9A" box="[637,780,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Amalopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FCEEFD0396D20D9A" box="[796,939,689,714]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FCEEFD0396D20D9A" box="[796,939,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Haloscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FC49FD0391130D9A" box="[955,1130,689,714]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lamproscatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FC49FD0391130D9A" box="[955,1130,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Lamproscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FB89FD03906A0D9A" box="[1147,1299,689,714]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Thinoscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FB89FD03906A0D9A" box="[1147,1299,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Thinoscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FAD1FD0390EC0D9A" box="[1315,1429,689,714]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Apulvillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FAD1FD0390EC0D9A" box="[1315,1429,689,714]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Apulvillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FF65FD6794620DBE" box="[151,283,725,750]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Neoscatella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FF65FD6794620DBE" box="[151,283,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Neoscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FEC0FD6794F50DBE" box="[306,396,725,750]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FEC0FD6794F50DBE" box="[306,396,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FE51FD67976F0DBE" box="[419,534,725,750]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Synhoplos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FE51FD67976F0DBE" box="[419,534,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Synhoplos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FDDFFD6797D70DBE" box="[557,686,725,750]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Teichomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FDDFFD6797D70DBE" box="[557,686,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Teichomyza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ground plan of
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FC7CFD6796830DBE" box="[910,1018,725,750]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Limnellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FC7CFD6796830DBE" box="[910,1018,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Limnellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or separated into medial sclerite “hypandrium” and lateral structures representing gonites (
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FCEFFD4A96E10C41" box="[797,920,760,785]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Philotelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FCEFFD4A96E10C41" box="[797,920,760,785]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Philotelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<collectingCountry id="1A9490AAD03A1311FC57FD4B91420C41" box="[933,1083,760,785]" name="New Zealand" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FBB3FD4A91A90C41" box="[1089,1232,760,785]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FBB3FD4A91A90C41" box="[1089,1232,760,785]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Haloscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, most
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FAE9FD4A90EA0C41" box="[1307,1427,760,785]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FAE9FD4A90EA0C41" box="[1307,1427,760,785]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scatophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or separated medioventrally into 2 lateral structures “gonites” (most
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FC6AFCAE917A0C65" box="[920,1027,796,821]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Limnellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FC6AFCAE917A0C65" box="[920,1027,796,821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Limnellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (2 separate gonites are present also in some
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FF04FC8D94170C08" box="[246,366,831,856]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FF04FC8D94170C08" box="[246,366,831,856]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scatophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FE8CFC8D94C50C08" box="[382,444,831,856]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">avida</emphasis>
group), in which the “hypandrium” is reduced.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2A9983B1D03A1311FF35FCD197E20B8F" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="623CD03AD03A1311FF35FCD194E90C92" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FF35FCD1943C0C2C" bold="true" box="[199,325,867,892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Discussion</emphasis>
.
<bibRefCitation id="0612ADCBD03A1311FEA1FCD197710C2B" author="Olafsson" box="[339,520,867,892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" refString="Olafsson, E. (1991) Taxonomic revision of western Palaearctic species of the genera Scatella R. - D. and Lamproscatella Hendel, and studies on their phylogenetic positions within the subfamily Ephydrinae (Diptera, Ephydridae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 37 (Supplement), 1 - 100." type="journal article" year="1991">Olafsson (1991)</bibRefCitation>
suggested that the tribe
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FCE9FCD196F10C2C" box="[795,904,867,892]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Scatellini">Scatellini</taxonomicName>
, as characterized here, is monophyletic. We are less confident of the monophyly of this tribe, and the senior author is now re-examining and reanalyzing evidence to test this hypothesis.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="623CD03AD03A1311FF35FC7C97B10B24" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
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Many of the eight included genera (
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FD7BFC7F96610CB6" box="[649,792,973,998]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Amalopteryx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FD7BFC7F96610CB6" box="[649,792,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Amalopteryx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FCDCFC7F96C40CB6" box="[814,957,973,998]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Haloscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FCDCFC7F96C40CB6" box="[814,957,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Haloscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FC26FC7F91FA0CB6" box="[980,1155,973,998]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Lamproscatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FC26FC7F91FA0CB6" box="[980,1155,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Lamproscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FB6BFC7F907D0CB6" box="[1177,1284,973,998]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Limnellia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FB6BFC7F907D0CB6" box="[1177,1284,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Limnellia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FAE8FC7F90EC0CB6" box="[1306,1429,973,998]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Philotelma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FAE8FC7F90EC0CB6" box="[1306,1429,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Philotelma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FF65FC4295880B59" box="[151,241,1008,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FF65FC4295880B59" box="[151,241,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[subgenera:
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FE7FFC4294860B59" box="[397,511,1008,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Apulvillus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FE7FFC4294860B59" box="[397,511,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Apulvillus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FDE1FC4297EE0B59" box="[531,663,1008,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Neoscatella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FDE1FC4297EE0B59" box="[531,663,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Neoscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FD59FC42967C0B59" box="[683,773,1008,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FD59FC42967C0B59" box="[683,773,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FCEAFC4296F20B59" box="[792,907,1008,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Synhoplos" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FCEAFC4296F20B59" box="[792,907,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Synhoplos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FC6DFC4291590B59" box="[927,1056,1008,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Teichomyza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FC6DFC4291590B59" box="[927,1056,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Teichomyza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
],
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FBB2FC4291C10B59" box="[1088,1208,1008,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatophila" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FBB2FC4291C10B59" box="[1088,1208,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scatophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FB39FC42901A0B59" box="[1227,1379,1008,1033]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Thinoscatella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FB39FC42901A0B59" box="[1227,1379,1008,1033]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Thinoscatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) are found throughout the world in temperate and tropical zones. Although largely undescribed, there is considerable species diversity at higher elevations associated with the Andes in
<location id="675C86E1D03A1311FC45FB85911E0B00" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EA2A612CD0391311FF65FAA697E20B8F:675C86E1D03A1311FC45FB85911E0B00" box="[951,1127,1079,1104]" country="Colombia" name="South America" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">South America</location>
, where we have collected specimens at localities above
<quantity id="A57B7DDFD03A1311FE16FBE997400B23" box="[484,569,1115,1140]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" unit="m" value="5000.0">
<elevation id="E9AE3709D03A1311FE16FBE997400B23" box="[484,569,1115,1140]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" unit="m" value="5000.0">5000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
(
<collectingCountry id="1A9490AAD03A1311FDB5FBE997C50B24" box="[583,700,1115,1140]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Colombia</collectingCountry>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="623CD03AD03A1311FF35FBCC97E20B8F" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,1247]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">
Worldwide there are over 245 species in
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FD61FBCC97840BC7" box="[659,765,1150,1175]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Scatellini">Scatellini</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="0612ADCBD03A1311FCFEFBCC90190BC7" author="Mathis" box="[780,1376,1150,1175]" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" refString="Mathis, W. N. &amp; Zatwarnicki, T. (1995) A world catalog of the shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae). Memoirs on Entomology, International 4, vi + 423 pp." type="book" year="1995">Mathis and Zatwarnicki 1995 and electronic updates</bibRefCitation>
), and in the Neotropical Region there are records of four genera and nearly 70 species with a majority being classified in the genus
<taxonomicName id="A583ABB9D03A1311FEFAFB74941B0B8F" box="[264,354,1222,1247]" class="Insecta" family="Ephydridae" genus="Scatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="50F70C28D03A1311FEFAFB74941B0B8F" box="[264,354,1222,1247]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="303">Scatella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its included subgenera.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>