279 lines
22 KiB
XML
279 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7218" ID-PMC="PMC4759439" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828-4-7218" ID-PubMed="26929712" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828-4-e7218" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" ModsDocTitle="New and poorly known Holarctic species of Boletina Staeger, 1840 (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)" checkinTime="1453145614593" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Salmela, Jukka, Suuronen, Anna & Kaunisto, Kari M" docDate="2016" docId="E988CE899739BE4195C58E85520D387D" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e7218" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7218" docTitle="Boletina arctica Holmgren 1872" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="7218" masterDocId="FFA31B46375DFFA10B73FFFFFFCA623A" masterDocTitle="New and poorly known Holarctic species of Boletina Staeger, 1840 (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="7218" masterPageNumber="7218" pageNumber="7218" updateTime="1668126809574" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New and poorly known Holarctic species of Boletina Staeger, 1840 (Diptera, Mycetophilidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Salmela, Jukka</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Suuronen, Anna</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kaunisto, Kari M</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>7218</mods:start>
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<mods:end>7218</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7218</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e7218</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828-4-7218</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E988CE899739BE4195C58E85520D387D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E988CE899739BE4195C58E85520D387D" lastPageNumber="7218" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">
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<taxonomicName authority="Holmgren, 1872" authorityName="Holmgren" authorityYear="1872" class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Boletina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boletina arctica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">Boletina arctica Holmgren, 1872</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Boletina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boletina arctica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">Boletina arctica</taxonomicName>
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Holmgren, 1872: 105 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Holmgren, A. E." journalOrPublisher="Oefversigt av Kunglika Vetensk-Akad. Foerhandlingar" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" pagination="97 - 105" title="Insekter fran Nordgroenland, samlade af Prof. A. E. Nordenskiold ar 1870" volume="29" year="1872">Holmgren 1872</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Boletina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boletina arctica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">Boletina arctica</taxonomicName>
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var. Edwards, 1933: 612 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Edwards, F. W." journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" pagination="611 - 620" title="Oxford Expedition to Hudson's Strait, 1931: DipteraNematocera. With notes on some other species of the genus Diamesa" volume="12" year="1933">Edwards 1933</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Boletina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boletina arctica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">Boletina arctica</taxonomicName>
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nec
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rübsaamen">Ruebsaamen</normalizedToken>
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, 1898: 104 (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ruebsaamen, E. H." journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Zoologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" pagination="103 - 119" title="VIII. Groenlandische Mycetophiliden, Cecidomyiden, Psylliden, Aphiden and Gallen" volume="20" year="1898">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rübsaamen">Ruebsaamen</normalizedToken>
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1898
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</bibRefCitation>
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), (=
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Boletina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boletina digitata" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitata">Boletina digitata</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lundström">Lundstroem</normalizedToken>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Materials</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1963-7-26" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="H. K. Rutz" country="Canada" location="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-male="3" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">H.K. Rutz</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">3</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">male</specimenType>
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Canada</collectingCountry>
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; verbatimLocality: Axel Heiberg Island, Wh. Glacier; verbatimLatitude: 79.416; verbatimLongitude: -90.750; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS84; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" value="1963-7-26">1963-7-26</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">CNC</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1963-7-25" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="H. K. Rutz" country="Canada" location="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">H.K. Rutz</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">4</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">male</specimenType>
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Canada</collectingCountry>
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; verbatimLocality: Axel Heiberg Island, Wolf R.; verbatimLatitude: 79.416; verbatimLongitude: -90.750; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS84; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" value="1963-7-25">1963-7-25</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">CNC</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1963-7-24" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="H. K. Rutz" country="Canada" location="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">H.K. Rutz</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">male</specimenType>
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Canada</collectingCountry>
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; verbatimLocality: Axel Heiberg Island, Wolf R.; verbatimLatitude: 79.416; verbatimLongitude: -90.750; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS84; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" value="1963-7-24">1963-7-24</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">CNC</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1963-7-25" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="H. K. Rutz" country="Canada" location="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">H.K. Rutz</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">3</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">female</specimenType>
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Canada</collectingCountry>
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; verbatimLocality: Axel Heiberg Island, Wolf R.; verbatimLatitude: 79.416; verbatimLongitude: -90.750; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS84; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" value="1963-7-25">1963-7-25</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">CNC</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1963-7-26" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="H. K. Rutz" country="Canada" location="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">H.K. Rutz</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">female</specimenType>
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Canada</collectingCountry>
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; verbatimLocality: Axel Heiberg Island, Wh. Glacier; verbatimLatitude: 79.416; verbatimLongitude: -90.750; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS84; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" value="1963-7-26">1963-7-26</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">CNC</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1963-8-4" collectionCode="CNC" collectorName="H. K. Rutz" country="Canada" location="Canada" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="Other material">
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Type status:
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<typeStatus pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Other material</typeStatus>
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. Occurrence: recordedBy:
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<collectorName pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">H.K. Rutz</collectorName>
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; individualCount:
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<specimenCount pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">1</specimenCount>
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; sex:
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<specimenType pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">female</specimenType>
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; Location: country:
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<collectingCountry pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Canada</collectingCountry>
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; verbatimLocality: Axel Heiberg Island; verbatimLatitude: 79.416; verbatimLongitude: -90.750; verbatimCoordinateSystem: WGS84; Event: eventDate:
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<collectingDate pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" value="1963-8-4">1963-8-4</collectingDate>
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; Record Level: institutionCode:
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<collectionCode pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">CNC</collectionCode>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Redescription</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Male: Head, mouthparts and palpomeres black. Scape, pedicel and flagellomeres dark-brown - black. Scutum dark-brown, with scattered light setae. Pleura dark brown, mediotergite, laterotergite, anepimeron, anepisternum and preepisternum glabrous. Fore coxae, all femora and tibiae yellow, trochanters black, tarsomeres brown, claws black. Mid and hind coxae dark-brown. Wing length 4.8 mm. Sc1, Sc2, Rs, ta, tb and M-stem bare, apical halves of M1, M2 and CuA1, entire CuA2 and stem of CuA setose on dorsal surface. Sc1 ending in costa little before Rs. Costa extending beyond tip of R5 to approximately 1/3 of the distance between R5 and M1. Halteres pale yellow. Abdominal tergites and sternites dark-brown, bearing light hairs. 9th tergite black. Cercus ca. 1.4 times wider than long, having basally 3-4 irregular combs (i.e. rows of dark-brown, stout setae): total number of such setae 37-40. Apex of cercus with a distinct comb, number of setae 14-15. Sternal submedian appendages of gonocoxites short, apically rounded, diverging, pubescent (Fig. 11c). Gonocoxite apicomesally with two black spines (Fig. 11a). Inner branch of gonostylus pollex-like, bearing two long black apical setae and a black spine. Outer branch of gonostylus rectangular, widest subapically, with a modest apical peak (Fig. 11a, b). Mesal edge of gonostylus hairy. Parameres short and straight (Fig. 11c). Parameral apodemes + parameres resembling the letter L in lateral view (Fig. 11d). Aedeagus short and curved (Fig. 11d). Ejaculatory apodeme with basal projections. Gonocoxite internally with a narrow, pointed projection (Fig. 11a). Close to this projection are two hyaline projections, bearing weak bristles; this latter projection is part of aedeagal complex.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Boletina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boletina arctica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">Boletina arctica</taxonomicName>
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has been recorded from Greenland (
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<bibRefCitation author="Holmgren, A. E." journalOrPublisher="Oefversigt av Kunglika Vetensk-Akad. Foerhandlingar" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" pagination="97 - 105" title="Insekter fran Nordgroenland, samlade af Prof. A. E. Nordenskiold ar 1870" volume="29" year="1872">Holmgren 1872</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Soeli, G." editor="Boecher, J." journalOrPublisher="Brill" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" title="The Greenland Entomofauna, An Identification Manual of Insects, Spiders and Their Allies" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Söli">Soeli</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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), Arctic Russia (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zaitzev, A. I." journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" title="Fungus gnats of the fauna of Russia and adjacent regions. Part 1." year="1994">Zaitzev 1994</bibRefCitation>
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) and Akpatok Island, Hudson Strait, low arctic zone of Canada (
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<bibRefCitation author="Edwards, F. W." journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" pagination="611 - 620" title="Oxford Expedition to Hudson's Strait, 1931: DipteraNematocera. With notes on some other species of the genus Diamesa" volume="12" year="1933">Edwards 1933</bibRefCitation>
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). Here we report the species from the high arctic zone, Axel Heiberg Island, Canada.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" type="taxon discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">Taxon discussion</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">
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Given the rarity of this species,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. arctica" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" rank="species" species="arctica">B. arctica</taxonomicName>
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has been illustrated rather frequently in taxonomic literature. The first to illustrate this species was
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rübsaamen">Ruebsaamen</normalizedToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Ruebsaamen, E. H." journalOrPublisher="Bibliotheca Zoologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" pagination="103 - 119" title="VIII. Groenlandische Mycetophiliden, Cecidomyiden, Psylliden, Aphiden and Gallen" volume="20" year="1898">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rübsaamen">Ruebsaamen</normalizedToken>
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1898
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</bibRefCitation>
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), but instead of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. arctica" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" rank="species" species="arctica">B. arctica</taxonomicName>
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, he actually figured
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. digitata" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" rank="species" species="digitata">B. digitata</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lundström">Lundstroem</normalizedToken>
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(or some related species of this complex, see Suppl. material 1). Johannsen (
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<bibRefCitation author="Johannsen, O. A." journalOrPublisher="Bulletin / Maine Agricultural Experiment Station" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" pagination="248 - 328" title="The fungus gnats of North America, part III." volume="196" year="1911">Johannsen 1911</bibRefCitation>
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) copied
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rübsaamen's">Ruebsaamen's</normalizedToken>
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illustration of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. arctica" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" rank="species" species="arctica">B. arctica</taxonomicName>
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and gave no additional occurrence data. Later
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lundström">Lundstroem</normalizedToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Lundstroem, C." journalOrPublisher="Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" pagination="1 - 70" title="Beitraege zur Kenntnis der Dipteren Finlands. VII. Supplement 2. Mycetophilidae, Tipulidae, Cylindrotomidae und Limnobiidae" volume="36" year="1912">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lundström">Lundstroem</normalizedToken>
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1912
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</bibRefCitation>
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) provided good figures, based on material loaned from ZMUC, Copenhagen, originally collected from Greenland. It is not clear whether a type specimen was examined, but most likely it was a non-type male, since the type material of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. arctica" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" rank="species" species="arctica">B. arctica</taxonomicName>
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is not deposited in ZMUC (http://www.zmuc.dk/EntoWeb/collections-databaser/Diptera/Mycetophilidae%20all.htm). Hence, authors after
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lundström">Lundstroem</normalizedToken>
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have followed his interpretation of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. arctica" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" rank="species" species="arctica">B. arctica</taxonomicName>
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. Edwards (
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<bibRefCitation author="Edwards, F. W." journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" pagination="611 - 620" title="Oxford Expedition to Hudson's Strait, 1931: DipteraNematocera. With notes on some other species of the genus Diamesa" volume="12" year="1933">Edwards 1933</bibRefCitation>
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) was actually the first to report this species from North America (Akpatok Island), he illustrated
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Boletina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boletina arctica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">Boletina arctica</taxonomicName>
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var. According to Edwards, his specimens were slightly different from a male specimen collected from Greenland. However, such differences on the outline of the gonostylus are due to aspect of the gonostylus to the viewer (Fig. 11b).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Mycetophilidae" genus="Boletina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Boletina arctica" order="Diptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arctica">Boletina arctica</taxonomicName>
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was also illustrated by Zaitzev (
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<bibRefCitation author="Zaitzev, A. I." journalOrPublisher="Nauka, Moscow" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" title="Fungus gnats of the fauna of Russia and adjacent regions. Part 1." year="1994">Zaitzev 1994</bibRefCitation>
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) and recently by
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Söli">Soeli</normalizedToken>
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et al. (
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<bibRefCitation author="Soeli, G." editor="Boecher, J." journalOrPublisher="Brill" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" title="The Greenland Entomofauna, An Identification Manual of Insects, Spiders and Their Allies" year="2015">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Söli">Soeli</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2015
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="7218">
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The species possesses some unique characters that have been misinterpreted in the literature. First of all,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="B. arctica" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" rank="species" species="arctica">B. arctica</taxonomicName>
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has no sharply pointed parameres (cf.
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<bibRefCitation author="Edwards, F. W." journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="7218" pagination="611 - 620" title="Oxford Expedition to Hudson's Strait, 1931: DipteraNematocera. With notes on some other species of the genus Diamesa" volume="12" year="1933">Edwards 1933</bibRefCitation>
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, p. 612).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Lundström">Lundstroem</normalizedToken>
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, Edwards and Zaitzev have illustrated these sharply-pointed projections that actually stem from the inner lateral margin of the gonocoxite. Furthermore, close to these projections lie two spinose, hyaline projections that orginate from the aedeagal complex. The parameres themselves are inconspicuous, short and straight.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |