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<document id="A105CCC0E074973BDB1003DCA44DC36B" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1221.128260" ID-ZooBank="EE34B942-57D8-456C-A6D5-F8046BB3A71E" ID-publisher-id="128260" URI-arpha="195259A7-123E-5C3B-92CB-85F177F902A1" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/EE34B942-57D8-456C-A6D5-F8046BB3A71E" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1734081380711" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Cuadrado, Daniel, Hernández-Gonzalez, Alejandro, Noreña, Carolina &amp; Simões, Nuno" docDate="2024" docId="E9481E4963F5537582F5A6E36D6B7859" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1221: 103-144" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1221" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/128260/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Thysanozoon brocchii" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="144" masterDocId="195259A7123E5C3B92CB85F177F902A1" masterDocTitle="Polyclads (Platyhelminthes) in the southern Gulf of Mexico: unveiling biodiversity and descriptions of two new species" masterLastPageNumber="144" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="103" updateTime="1734631564605" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="3F736E239FD7B71EFAFB5C359A5A7DBF">Polyclads (Platyhelminthes) in the southern Gulf of Mexico: unveiling biodiversity and descriptions of two new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9CF0EC0A873E59BEE21974C13021E7D4">Cuadrado, Daniel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="224E3F5B0311DBD966D51DA0DBD69B0C" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5565-3023</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="FC6298A453EB158168AFCB5E8F7A6475">Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, MNCN (CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C7CB7F736339994D66CB5768D071E3AF">Hernández-Gonzalez, Alejandro</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="94A482210D500906E01095FE75CE236B" type="ORCID">0000-0002-1557-5582</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="681573F3360B7EEB141EAB9D59215611">Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Merida, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="B3F82086A38358DD6105C7DF513DDD1E">Noreña, Carolina</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5AF6B2D741E6C9336AB2C2BC35E3ACCD" type="ORCID">0000-0002-4580-7460</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="87B0068B67A1B88CE6D61B5EBED8DD07">Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, National Museum of Natural Science, MNCN (CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FD6537F54C139361ABDDCCD6EA19FC85">Simões, Nuno</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="CB45690B846C54636AC5043E2AB2EAE2" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7490-3147</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="ECA6D43ADD8C6375FC7B1CE8989E08E7">Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Merida, Mexico &amp; Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera, México, Mexico &amp; International Chair for Coastal and Marine Studies, Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Corpus Christi, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="E98898F9FC8D235BFA9E1EDD38CDC7EB">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F22F5918ACB3BCF9E1D1CFE076D40638">1221</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="04027ED117C6ACB7F1133EA16262AEE1" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1221.128260</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="AEF10265675477C50C239EC787798CB4" type="ZooBank">EE34B942-57D8-456C-A6D5-F8046BB3A71E</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E9481E4963F5537582F5A6E36D6B7859" ID-arpha="E9481E49-63F5-5375-82F5-A6E36D6B7859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E9481E4963F5537582F5A6E36D6B7859" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E9481E4963F5537582F5A6E36D6B7859" scope_family="Pseudocerotidae" scope_order="Polycladida" scope_phylum="Platyhelminthes" scope_subOrder="Cotylea">
<subSubSection id="736E043EA85C917104A000DFBC418956" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E8894D48ED187A1105693B6D0466F670">
<taxonomicName id="FE1CC9E04318D81E2B7EA14208309558" ID-CoL="56TYZ" authority="(Risso, 1818)" baseAuthorityName="Risso" baseAuthorityYear="1818" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
<emphasis id="C46E99328070741DC5CDEC32761D5D3B" italics="true">Thysanozoon brocchii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="AE0A61983DC45C1B468073341AF0ED0A" author="Risso A" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Physique chimie et Histoire Naturelle" pagination="368-376" refId="B64" refString="Risso A (1818) Sur quelques gasteropodes nouveaux, nudibranches et tectibranches observes dans la mer de Nice. Journal de Physique chimie et Histoire Naturelle 87: 368 - 376." title="Sur quelques gastéropodes nouveaux, nudibranches et tectibranches observes dans la mer de Nice." volume="87" year="1818">Risso, 1818</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CCBD317324C1E939B077C52D6BF800FA" type="description">
<paragraph id="43D4DA8081D07B4C32B8FD7F10F2B836">
<figureCitation id="E3046F9247693C922708704C0F4E3096" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Thysanozoon brocchii A dorsal view B In situ C ventral view D detail of the dorsal surface; papillae, cerebral eyes, and pseudotentacles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1221.128260.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1197988">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EEZBG" type="material">
<paragraph id="1C8000572C1FC730CDCF484744F05B04">
<heading id="0DFECA002C836C495547E37A0BA53DA8" reason="title">Material examined.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="430293E99640D62270457847470B9AE2">
<materialsCitation id="998B46C7F4A8882FC58736C3D339AACD" collectingDate="2018-04-22" collectionCode="CRPPY" collectorName="A. Hernandez" country="Mexico" elevation="6" latitude="20.2" location="Cayo Arcas" longLatPrecision="7618" longitude="-92.0" specimenCode="CRPPY-0068" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Campeche">
<emphasis id="A1F7DA1D158B9295F5761401E924BF86" bold="true">
<collectingRegion id="711C0D5F00F33B5F98B3FC95C8C1016A" country="Mexico" name="Campeche">Campeche</collectingRegion>
coast,
<collectingCountry id="70550BBD963FC21D0CA4CA76E056E4EB" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
• 1;
<location id="7C762DCADCD6291FBD15DBEC94A60BA6" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E9481E4963F5537582F5A6E36D6B7859:7C762DCADCD6291FBD15DBEC94A60BA6" country="Mexico" latitude="20.2" longLatPrecision="7618" longitude="-92.0" name="Cayo Arcas" stateProvince="Campeche">Cayo Arcas</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EPZBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[-92.000000,20.200000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="D20861D3E94063851CFB4D26FC5D8527" degrees="20.2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="20.2">20.2°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4D36BA4AB414723DAF883DAE9461CDA4" degrees="92.0" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="-92.0">92.0°W</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<quantity id="BBDC7D5220D6B87A313B95836B5E038D" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" unit="m" value="6.3">
<elevation id="422B50894FDCF1530C6552B2DB052F0E" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3" unit="m" value="6.3">6.3 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="E4620D34EF338522C12537534EED2F23" value="2018-04-22">
<collectingDate id="B1E44394AFC520DB0B178478F2C03EF5" value="2018-04-22">22 Apr. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="C09DC2734201DA4D3E445218B389E0D8">A. Hernández</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="1E1D00F1828861F8F541B18694D17C5B">
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EUZBG" xlink_title="Colección regional de Policladidos de la Península del Yucatán, Mexico">CRPPY</abbrev>
-0068
</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="5EA33C0C157916530BC178DFF9AAE784" collectingDate="2018-04-24" collectionCode="CRPPY" collectorName="A. Hernandez" country="Mexico" elevation="13" latitude="20.2" location="Cayo Arcas" longLatPrecision="7618" longitude="-92.0" specimenCode="CRPPY-0076" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Campeche">
1;
<location id="1B632897DBCF0767032C08C679465531" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E9481E4963F5537582F5A6E36D6B7859:1B632897DBCF0767032C08C679465531" country="Mexico" latitude="20.2" longLatPrecision="7618" longitude="-92.0" name="Cayo Arcas" stateProvince="Campeche">Cayo Arcas</location>
;
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0E3ZBG" specific-use="{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;Point&quot;,&quot;coordinates&quot;:[-92.000000,20.200000]}">
<geoCoordinate id="FCCB60AD7093329FC302377AE89E5CBF" degrees="20.2" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5555" value="20.2">20.2°N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="62655238DC792C98A9EDEA04DECDFC64" degrees="92.0" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="5555" value="-92.0">92.0°W</geoCoordinate>
</named-content>
;
<quantity id="370A0F7DEBA4F7A2130DF2615161555A" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" unit="m" value="13.2">
<elevation id="B0350F28FF27B4946CFCF93F560F2642" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3199999999999998" unit="m" value="13.2">13.2 m</elevation>
</quantity>
;
<date id="313E2AEFECDCFD7520581E394B4FF6DA" value="2018-04-24">
<collectingDate id="F51D3A6B4A954C7349CA843F6A3ADF62" value="2018-04-24">24 Apr. 2018</collectingDate>
</date>
;
<collectorName id="36B26BD1D06458A0DBFB374C33419F25">A. Hernández</collectorName>
leg.;
<specimenCode id="502353204A05D41DE817375ADF45D8A5">
<abbrev content-type="institution" id="ABBRID0EB1BG" xlink_title="Colección regional de Policladidos de la Península del Yucatán, Mexico">CRPPY</abbrev>
-0076
</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EG1BG" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="13A32D48C14D9AB83A15C6F79BDE0FD9">
<heading id="5CCB6D0D760766845109AB187AE1F372" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B2773788E659CE9CBEDE310811B1F362">
The species was described from Naples,
<collectingCountry id="EC6F68138D90868F62A1390383DFBF3F" name="Italy">Italy</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="7828D8C8143823D8A60AAE692A4B78E3" author="Risso" firstAuthor="Risso" journalOrPublisher="Journal de Physique chimie et Histoire Naturelle" pagination="368-376" refId="B64" refString="Risso A (1818) Sur quelques gastéropodes nouveaux, nudibranches et tectibranches observes dans la mer de Nice. Journal de Physique chimie et Histoire Naturelle 87: 368376." title="Sur quelques gastéropodes nouveaux, nudibranches et tectibranches observes dans la mer de Nice." volume="87" year="1818">Risso 1818</bibRefCitation>
). It is considered a cosmopolitan species, reported in the Mediterranean Sea, the
<collectingCountry id="43FF20932574BE1173A5FB83CDA2D440" name="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</collectingCountry>
, and southern and western Africa. In the western Atlantic,
<taxonomicName id="D7259402869EB5EE66103D521A40F8BD" baseAuthorityName="Risso" baseAuthorityYear="1818" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
<emphasis id="26B70F173DD1907695B202FEF185E5B3" italics="true">Thysanozoon brocchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been recorded in the Gulf of
<collectingCountry id="0D590AD816FFF1299061403C4257DB24" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="555060E2871C2AE5B81F4F0FF6A7DA91" DOI="10.2307/1538446" author="Hyman" firstAuthor="Hyman" journalOrPublisher="Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory of Woods Hole" pagination="195-200" refId="B29" refString="Hyman LH (1952) Further notes on the turbellarian fauna of the Atlantic coast of the United States. Biological Bulletin of the Marine Biological Laboratory of Woods Hole 103: 195200. https://doi.org/10.2307/1538446" title="Further notes on the turbellarian fauna of the Atlantic coast of the United States." volume="103" year="1952">Hyman 1952</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7E44EE08977A2D38D0BB6337FE157392" author="Marcus and Marcus" firstAuthor="Marcus" journalOrPublisher="Studies on the Fauna of Curaao and other Caribbean Islands" pagination="1-134" refId="B44" refString="Marcus E, Marcus E (1968) Polycladida from Curaao and faunistically related regions. Studies on the Fauna of Curaao and other Caribbean Islands 26: 1134." title="Polycladida from Curaao and faunistically related regions." volume="26" year="1968">Marcus and Marcus 1968</bibRefCitation>
); Caribbean coast of
<collectingCountry id="139091BB0F6EE21DD5D9DEC6EB574B55" name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="8C167E716BE8976B8EE72939E222DC5F" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.633.1.1" author="Quiroga SY &amp; Bolaos DM &amp; Litvaitis MK" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="1-12" refId="B61" refString="Quiroga SY, Bolaos DM, Litvaitis MK (2004 a) A checklist of polyclad flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Caribbean coast of Colombia, South America. Zootaxa 633: 112. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.633.1.1" title="A checklist of polyclad flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from the Caribbean coast of Colombia, South America." volume="633">Quiroga et al. 2004 a</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="16D05F80BA5BB18BDE4BB111D1970643" author="Quiroga SY &amp; Bolaños M &amp; Litvaitis MK" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Biota Colombiana" pagination="159-172" refId="B62" refString="Quiroga SY, Bolaños M, Litvaitis MK (2004 b) Policládidos (Platyhelminthes: “ Turbellaria ”) del Atlántico Tropical Occidental. Biota Colombiana 5 (2): 159172." title="Policládidos (Platyhelminthes: “ Turbellaria ”) del Atlántico Tropical Occidental." volume="5">2004 b</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="35C041E35D262CC3062C9030CA0C9FCF" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="6B4EA9A68E04661A9676DFFAA0A71CEC" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3" author="Bahia" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bahia" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="495-525" refId="B4" refString="Bahia J, Padula V, Passeri Lavrado H, Quiroga S (2014) Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873: 495525. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3" title="Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species." volume="3873" year="2014">Bahia et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="BD6A2D5B4D7F265E70F3E76D6AEF7773" DOI="10.1017/S0025315415000922" author="Bahia" firstAuthor="Bahia" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pagination="1653-1666" refId="B5" refString="Bahia J, Padula V, Dorigo Correia M, Sovierzoski H (2015) First records of the order Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from reef ecosystems of Alagoas State, north-eastern Brazil, with the description of Thysanozoon alagoensis sp. nov. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95: 16531666. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315415000922" title="First records of the order Polycladida (Platyhelminthes, Rhabditophora) from reef ecosystems of Alagoas State, north-eastern Brazil, with the description of Thysanozoon alagoensis sp. nov." volume="95" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="8C1B3DA1418636FB08F55B565290B9E5" DOI="10.1007/s13127-017-0327-5" author="Bahia" firstAuthor="Bahia" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Organisms, Diversity &amp; Evolution" pagination="653-678" refId="B6" refString="Bahia J, Padula V, Schrödl M (2017) Polycladida phylogeny and evolution: Integrating evidence from 28 S rDNA and morphology. Organisms, Diversity &amp; Evolution 17 (3): 653678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-017-0327-5" title="Polycladida phylogeny and evolution: Integrating evidence from 28 S rDNA and morphology." volume="17" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="714B1BB67CC581C5EFC8673B0681747B" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4490.1.1" author="Bahia and Schrodl" firstAuthor="Bahia" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa," pagination="1-121" refId="B2" refString="Bahia J, Schrödl M (2018) Brazilian Polycladida (Rhabditophora: Platyhelminthes): Rediscovery of Marcus type material and general revision. Zootaxa, 4490 (1): 1121. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4490.1.1" title="Brazilian Polycladida (Rhabditophora: Platyhelminthes): Rediscovery of Marcus type material and general revision." volume="4490" year="2018">Bahia and Schrödl 2018</bibRefCitation>
); Canary Islands (
<bibRefCitation id="12B268E7853B1F7096BED1FA1F617FC2" author="De Vera" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="De Vera" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias" pagination="45-59" refId="B18" refString="De Vera A, Moro L, Bacallado JJ, Hernndez F (2009) Contribución al conocimiento de la biodiversidad de policlados (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria) en las Islas Canarias. Revista de la Academia Canaria de Ciencias 20 (4): 4559. https://biostor.org/reference/140805" title="Contribución al conocimiento de la biodiversidad de policlados (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria) en las Islas Canarias." url="https://biostor.org/reference/140805" volume="20" year="2009">De Vera et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
);
<collectingCountry id="5599DCF18A9BF10A8DA285D041B06CAA" name="Argentina">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E3C2CAFFC362F088DDB59C7FD7CD59E7" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.2283.1.5" author="Brusa" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Brusa" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="51-59" refId="B10" refString="Brusa F, Damborenea C, Quiroga S (2009) First records of Pseudocerotidae (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea) from Patagonia, Argentina. Zootaxa 2283: 5159. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2283.1.5" title="First records of Pseudocerotidae (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida: Cotylea) from Patagonia, Argentina." volume="2283" year="2009">Brusa et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
). In the Pacific it has been recorded in
<collectingCountry id="217DB8CBD997956FA231C479ADB0425D" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="8DC2AF6434990781ED38D494BBD2BF10" name="New Zealand">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="DB56610BF3154BD49D95110145AACEE4" author="Prudhoe" firstAuthor="Prudhoe" journalOrPublisher="Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Toronto" refId="B58" refString="Prudhoe S (1985) A monograph on polyclad Turbellaria. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Toronto, 259 pp." title="A monograph on polyclad Turbellaria." year="1985">Prudhoe 1985</bibRefCitation>
). The record for Cayo Arcas,
<collectingRegion id="ABA3C5DAB896EA2889FCB940BCA521DC" country="Mexico" name="Campeche">Campeche</collectingRegion>
, represents the first record for
<collectingCountry id="9E4F40F56E53820252D519C9A9594C7C" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EH3BG" type="description">
<paragraph id="50722A5E81CE7A6948D5020F2C110DF6">
<heading id="F7EBE2D4E2E2A62A935BDF219102E6B9" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0536F9B0CB23D26A364BA2B713718379">
Body oval-shaped and firm consistency,
<quantity id="0E30F8C201A757AF8E9C7D3E26918505" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="cm" value="1.5">1.5 cm</quantity>
in length and
<quantity id="C015A0DCCBCC5E88E0CDE347EF10C9D4" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
in width. Background colour ranges from brown to yellowish-ochre. Two stripes of paler cream spots, one longitudinally and the other perpendicular, form an inverted cross (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4BB6F2A40DB07AD8A1A7D9E03B73C866" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Thysanozoon brocchii A dorsal view B In situ C ventral view D detail of the dorsal surface; papillae, cerebral eyes, and pseudotentacles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1221.128260.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1197988">16 A, B</figureCitation>
). The dorsal surface is covered with characteristic papillae, decreasing in size towards the margin. Pseudotentacles complex with multiple folds (Fig.
<figureCitation id="92F994E4CC40F3EA223CA4214BC5CF4B" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Thysanozoon brocchii A dorsal view B In situ C ventral view D detail of the dorsal surface; papillae, cerebral eyes, and pseudotentacles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1221.128260.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1197988">16 D</figureCitation>
). Ruffled pharynx located in the first 1 / 3 of the body, with the oral opening in the middle.
<specimenCount id="220F25D27AD27DAF6750A57391F25A15" count="2" type="male">Two male</specimenCount>
copulatory apparatus and positioned close to the female organ in the ventral central region of the body. Sucker at the beginning of the second 1 / 2 of the body (Fig.
<figureCitation id="66D35C3C5FEB82A7D66E7BABF182288F" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Thysanozoon brocchii A dorsal view B In situ C ventral view D detail of the dorsal surface; papillae, cerebral eyes, and pseudotentacles." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1221.128260.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1197988">16 C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZ3BG" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="AE88BFC91C0D3038988D5662AEA667FC">
<heading id="903A2DF2A0777EC249CEAF7D8075E9E9" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="38BC2F05CBAC246D358612F85EB630A8">
<taxonomicName id="C2D995750EA531C4C037F552DF5ADE03" baseAuthorityName="Risso" baseAuthorityYear="1818" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
<emphasis id="5F56BDAFC12464269C3288BDF30B767E" italics="true">Thysanozoon brocchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is noted for the abundance of papillae covering its dorsal surface and its cosmopolitan distribution. Various morphological descriptions with distinct colour patterns occur for different localities (
<bibRefCitation id="7ACB0901621B9D797EFDE4F92EAC26B8" DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3" author="Bahia" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Bahia" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pagination="495-525" refId="B4" refString="Bahia J, Padula V, Passeri Lavrado H, Quiroga S (2014) Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species. Zootaxa 3873: 495525. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3873.5.3" title="Taxonomy of Cotylea (Platyhelminthes: Polycladida) from Cabo Frio, southeastern Brazil, with the description of a new species." volume="3873" year="2014">Bahia et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). Molecular analysis of the different populations of this species is needed to identify potential divergences among the cited locations.
</paragraph>
<caption id="76BB0302522EDCF3AF5128FE471DA34D" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1221.128260.figure16" ID-arpha="1D1462EE-8CF8-5D94-A667-3ACF18CD04AE" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1197988" startId="F16">
<paragraph id="57EB82309E38BAB8778A25AC52AB6307">
<label id="654782D5B17ACC8628AB2461948591BA">Figure 16.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="48B1EC4C213508ECBA68586757B8DABD">
<taxonomicName id="B1C4E9B33607BCBBB1FC11311938F06A" baseAuthorityName="Risso" baseAuthorityYear="1818" family="Pseudocerotidae" genus="Thysanozoon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Polycladida" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="brocchii">
<emphasis id="8B10EC53D018E681AFD5C75A9681D816" italics="true">Thysanozoon brocchii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="314FF89F3A51CC4AB0E75B9853CF5FD7" bold="true">A</emphasis>
dorsal view
<emphasis id="4F1A8E2C972B61701B8A440BEBA6E7A3" bold="true">B</emphasis>
In situ
<emphasis id="139215D28B29498B454C268DF7D87E6A" bold="true">C</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis id="AB4140035E08EDE0B74E881FBEBB202D" bold="true">D</emphasis>
detail of the dorsal surface; papillae, cerebral eyes, and pseudotentacles.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>