231 lines
19 KiB
XML
231 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="D001B249FC41F1EE9DD04D02D46BEC7D" ID-DOI="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757" ID-ZooBank="6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D" ID-publisher-id="123757" URI-arpha="E0E2E4CE-0D0E-533C-9BD4-A1327BB57504" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1716923959232" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Jordal, Bjarte H." docDate="2024" docId="E88CE4F2DD995E4C88D02957E925B71E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1203: 95-130" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1203" docSource="https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/123757/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Ctonoxylon uniseriatum Schedl 1965" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="130" masterDocId="E0E2E4CE0D0E533C9BD4A1327BB57504" masterDocTitle="An integrated taxonomic revision of Ctonoxylon (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) reveals new Malagasy species originating from multiple recent colonisations of the island" masterLastPageNumber="130" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1716924051971" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:titleInfo id="1CA0C23B73D100930E8C54D57E1C078F">
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<mods:title id="871C3242B674F4543ADE9F860EBFC3E1">An integrated taxonomic revision of Ctonoxylon (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) reveals new Malagasy species originating from multiple recent colonisations of the island</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3AEE63D9A179E42229B5093267CDCED4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8F055E8F0160261D01362E28BF8D9D20">Jordal, Bjarte H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="83AA6AE92414426EF9AD638BEBF6F5C4" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6082-443X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="598340A6B5217F6C4A0E3A005B5D00EA">Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, P. O. 7800, NO- 5020 Bergen, Norway</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="234865ED2F162D406C3B91D186ABDB1B">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="710BC83C8192E9577C0317BCBF2D0808">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0C0609693855E52FD2952A33F96EA266">
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<mods:date id="D96905C5555DE4D620B35134030FE477">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="A883188A1A04EF89E3E15753F44E8233" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="345B0C8E58885E70A605BA4C4E7531C1">2024-05-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D15B7389527F8FCB193D9D49804BA3E6" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B2F97D4CD88683D53BB49E9823189356">1203</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="7D4C258C9A19BFCA4C1AEF9C94D35C7C" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="A9A70124B9E92FC61E706408CD4E6F8E">95</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="40C16DE748106470D0420B8E6D8396FC">130</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="8FF36A7A38E9759EF28F4F99115A7C86">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CA8EE5B8CC87076AFEF47CC7DD7F0F97" type="DOI">10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FB6BE7A420006B6554DB162B1C206FB2" type="ZooBank">6FE93D4B-8104-45F4-850A-C1B78CA10A9D</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="E88CE4F2DD995E4C88D02957E925B71E" ID-arpha="E88CE4F2-DD99-5E4C-88D0-2957E925B71E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E88CE4F2DD995E4C88D02957E925B71E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E88CE4F2DD995E4C88D02957E925B71E">
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<subSubSection id="BF288BC26B3733336A5182A3D9729F62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F29C64BE1856A6E0A95C5E40B98CF9B1">
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<taxonomicName id="9ACABBEC55E98005ED0C82ED6495D3A6" ID-CoL="32842" authority="Schedl" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniseriatum">
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<emphasis id="3531EB0B97E9C13F2D26167F6568E65F" italics="true">Ctonoxylon uniseriatum</emphasis>
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Schedl
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B35BA6291AB699047AE9A71CB68A9DCB" type="description">
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<paragraph id="694D5427A61E47B7A1DFE949C64F9A95">
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<figureCitation id="CBD6C81A38D6DDA28D2EAD843CCAC733" captionStart="Figures 81–89" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 81–89. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of 81, 84, 87 Ctonoxylon amanicum female 82, 85, 88 Ctonoxylon uniseriatum female, and 83, 86, 89 Ctonoxylon spinifer female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures81-89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057229">Figs 82</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="BDC0F3F1CC17314D129C28B6112EB4CA" captionStart="Figures 81–89" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 81–89. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of 81, 84, 87 Ctonoxylon amanicum female 82, 85, 88 Ctonoxylon uniseriatum female, and 83, 86, 89 Ctonoxylon spinifer female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures81-89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057229">85</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0B24AC143646E60CC74DB06C11AFA120" captionStart="Figures 81–89" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 81–89. Dorsal, lateral, and front views of 81, 84, 87 Ctonoxylon amanicum female 82, 85, 88 Ctonoxylon uniseriatum female, and 83, 86, 89 Ctonoxylon spinifer female." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1203.123757.figures81-89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1057229">88</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="D315432E03CE94724ED950E8D6FD3FDE" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="84A1FA47455007AD7E5E47576B50CF57">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="454DE040C03B646C525E45F167D9E145">
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<treatmentCitation id="9600F6B091B3FF5AA41FFC650A6302F2">
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<taxonomicName id="8F805903AEE6839DAAFFC3E45BF02824" ID-CoL="32842" authority="Schedl, 1965: 114" authorityName="Schedl" authorityPageNumber="114" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniseriatum">
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<emphasis id="C3C94AC52C86CBFCBF82A05605BA0641" italics="true">Ctonoxylon uniseriatum</emphasis>
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Schedl, 1965: 114
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3A204DB3DA850BAD03EE76009C6126BA">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="FDFA5B9663388B30EE5DBFA98DF8DA5E">
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<treatmentCitation id="9E9A33EB8C00F5DCF2CB63959C88FD5E">
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<taxonomicName id="1C3A92A78A478ACD22344A4121CAEE3B" ID-CoL="32839" authority="Schedl, 1971: 8" authorityName="Schedl" authorityPageNumber="8" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="A987C3DA2303E7E991E46334BFBE8BF2" italics="true">Ctonoxylon capensis</emphasis>
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Schedl, 1971: 8
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</taxonomicName>
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, synonym by
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<bibRefCitation id="FB2F029795DD55B0F0DC942836552D58" author="Beaver" firstAuthor="Beaver" journalOrPublisher="Koleopterologische Rundschau" pagination="277-289" refId="B1" refString="Beaver RA (2011) New synonymy and taxonomic changes in bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae). Koleopterologische Rundschau 81: 277–289." title="New synonymy and taxonomic changes in bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae, Platypodinae)." volume="81" year="2011">Beaver 2011</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B490BF55136A970A956DE95DA72E79D9">
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<tp_taxon-name id="9F5E2560C49BFE2ECBBB8617346E9A53">
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<emphasis id="DED0AEDA91D4991BC48856F2814D1FF1" italics="true">
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<tp_taxon-name-part id="3295A79D8677D9CC795BBEB436800A8A" reg="Cryphalostenus" taxon-name-part-type="genus">Cryphalostenus</tp_taxon-name-part>
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<tp_taxon-name-part id="046C1865C67A411646429FCBE33BE58F" reg="erratium" taxon-name-part-type="species">erratium</tp_taxon-name-part>
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</emphasis>
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</tp_taxon-name>
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<comment id="26C68CD2FD149259A1C96734969AA65E">Schedl, genus et species nomen nudum.</comment>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EMWDI" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="17E2A0AFA349B1C995BA3DB16C530403">
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<heading id="D2E6045DC3316CDFBC951DCA9E02ECB6" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FBF18D926FE6EF3940DE25660E13887C">
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||
<materialsCitation id="CAD225731DD5F8D4DA422F579897D547" collectionCode="NHMW" collectorName="Deutsch S. W. Afrika" country="Namibia" location="Namibia" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="D6EAE2962AD4C078D8376CA44E5DEC7A" bold="true" italics="true">
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<typeStatus id="FDCFA9632BED688316F57F6191C68DFE" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
: [
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<collectingCountry id="8DAEFA1D85A59BF9BBDC92DCA9E433DC" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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]
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<collectorName id="5BCCE4427500717D1CF36270421B2472">Deutsch S. W. Afrika</collectorName>
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[
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<named-content id="00EDC07F71086A35558A67046E8D5DDD" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/naturhistorisches-museum-wien-0" xlink_title="Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria">
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||
<collectionCode id="F8FA24E96AF7753A20238320ACD50D87" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
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||
</named-content>
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||
]
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
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||
<materialsCitation id="FA828909C4A4014D1BEA563B0837FF0E" collectionCode="NHMW" country="South Africa" location="Town" municipality="Umgeberge" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="67768785B449E96D79948949E99C371D" bold="true" italics="true">
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||
<typeStatus id="E3157F5C88A7A40DB49A661BA317642D" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
of
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<taxonomicName id="361726B31D97BD23471055A9B7377868" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1971" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">
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<emphasis id="D1196D1207E5305BBD10C89A9A42D2AB" italics="true">C. capensis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
: [
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||
<collectingCountry id="EF8BB9328496661CB4D1BAF18ACC79F2" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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||
]
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="AC8EFE8E6E1290B4889D1D0283E4D687">Umgeberge</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="6FCCCA20A5A8F4C216222D743C79A3F2" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape">Cape</collectingRegion>
|
||
<location id="A239925EC5B901AD1E9BE6BEBEC9BCA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E88CE4F2DD995E4C88D02957E925B71E:A239925EC5B901AD1E9BE6BEBEC9BCA3" country="South Africa" municipality="Umgeberge" name="Town" stateProvince="Western Cape">Town</location>
|
||
, 1899 [
|
||
<named-content id="1418246DC06D0AC4F717426572530D1C" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/naturhistorisches-museum-wien-0" xlink_title="Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria">
|
||
<collectionCode id="2F8716D6C39C9F11E3C4092C3B1F5576" country="Austria" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/91g3-0mnw" name="Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien" type="Museum">NHMW</collectionCode>
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||
</named-content>
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||
]
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EPXDI" type="diagnosis">
|
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<paragraph id="8EB475810052E122814B1EE9F95B4419">
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||
<heading id="41CEDA7241E963EF61C375516B605FD3" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="0768BAD8B6D369ACC95E6BDEB383518A">
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Length
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||
<quantity id="FC21E960EB42FA0D21F0D879F7D7044B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.55" metricValueMax="2.8" metricValueMin="2.3" unit="mm" value="2.55" valueMax="2.8" valueMin="2.3">2.3–2.8 mm</quantity>
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. 2.3–2.4 × as long as broad; colour dark brown. Male frons slightly inflated, smooth and impunctate with short setae near eyes and epistoma; female frons finely punctured with short erect setae; eye parts separated by the size of upper half; lateral anterior margin of prothorax with short elongated groove near front of procoxa; propleural pit large; scutellar shield detached from elytra; elytral suture a little buckled at midlength; apex entire; punctures on discal interstriae obscure, interstriae 1–7 with uniseriate, spatulate, curved setae, interstriae 8–10 sometimes with variably confused rows of setae, on declivital interstriae 1 and 2 setae partly confused, directed sideways; posterior metaventrite with unusually broad and long setae.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="SECID0EUXDI" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="822CE4BE2A765E4D8F2CD525822DF843">
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||
<heading id="A93C8CFC2B7931F27BDD66C3C4A353D7" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="D110858FCE3E4CB03E070112BA508354">
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||
<collectingCountry id="5866211EE0B2E0A08E998068CE2E2B69" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
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||
,
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||
<collectingCountry id="7F472EF8BBC9D8E03CE1F4C7A1AF85B6" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EZXDI" type="New records">
|
||
<paragraph id="04F886966A292916FC3F28C92AFFD5C4">
|
||
<heading id="CAA035F99CCE58E015002CC5C2F424D9" reason="title">New records.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="61525F5CE0F764EAD28338D18F5310FF">
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||
<collectingCountry id="4BEA4B5EF514EB84B8617A5C18221025" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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||
, W.
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||
<collectingRegion id="D857E1CC37A0040F4846A9A323F5193D" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape">Cape province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
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||
<quantity id="D0C60D80B9A5BCAC83013A109D336C55" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="km" value="10.0">10 km</quantity>
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||
N Hoekwil, Woodville [GIS:
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||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ECYDI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[22.639000,-33.933000]}">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FA6E107E38239B658FE6362328118ED6" degrees="33.933" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-33.933">- 33.933</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0C885DA44D1EF85869DD377008663646" degrees="22.639" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="22.639">22.639</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
],
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||
<date id="E384BD29EA5FD038673D5E3746DB50F5" value="2006-11-01">1. Nov. 2006</date>
|
||
; Knysna, Diepwalle [GIS:
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EKYDI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[23.152000,-33.957000]}">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F1D3338DDE66528D8D91C2C2D606EA3B" degrees="33.957" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-33.957">- 33.957</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A0F73B76075CC4DE40DE7B1D4FDD3F74" degrees="23.152" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="23.152">23.152</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
],
|
||
<date id="399DBABA8ECB44C7AAC2DC017FE7C5F4" value="2006-11-03">3. 11. 2006</date>
|
||
and
|
||
<date id="E286D59A20E31A0F984585F879B51B91" value="2006-11-07">7. 11. 2006</date>
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||
; Knysna, Goudveld, Krisjan Se-Nek [GIS:
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ESYDI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[22.948000,-33.913000]}">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4DDD7DB227E57BDD81F3D9247001F063" degrees="33.913" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="-33.913">- 33.913</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="DB516C1265D5DBDEF0659CCE509BC10C" degrees="22.948" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="22.948">22.948</geoCoordinate>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
],
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||
<date id="668063609B8806ADA7D535D9457BEBDD" value="2006-11-05">5. 11. 2006</date>
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||
, all collections ex liana, B. Jordal, leg. [
|
||
<named-content id="7E88883F292FEB208D017E89699E7B35" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/museum-zoology-university-bergen-vertebrate-collections" xlink_title="University Museum of Bergen, Norway">
|
||
<collectionCode id="54AB540D149C531A06F258A00C476ECC" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5b4j-820w" name="Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Vertebrate collections" type="">ZMUB</collectionCode>
|
||
</named-content>
|
||
].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E3YDI" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="2E5C1FAA165A9D8D14E6E9FBB9E9DB9C">
|
||
<heading id="477B3125F683482EEEC0F01EEA119EC2" reason="title">Biology.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B639B7988F8C9338B2C4D4E9F96507E">
|
||
A common species found exclusively in thin lianas ~
|
||
<quantity id="CF410FCEBD62C7A3E9D6C751680364EF" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. Females were excavating longitudinal tunnels in the pith and wood of rather fresh material which still exuded latex. Males had left the female either before egg laying or just after the first eggs were laid. Broods were small, with 3–
|
||
<specimenCount id="97E69E35E452ADA87965851E8C8FDC29" count="8" type="egg">8 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
per female (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="E605BEAF5CA8B16CFE5B935B5E3DB7E3" captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Reproductive biology observed for Ctonoxylon species (* records from Schedl 1961). All observed species form monogynous pairs at the early stage of mating and egg laying. The two last columns indicate the offspring developmental stage where parents have permanently left the nest.">5</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGZDI" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="11F575458DD62EB07FEE7EBE9292E745">
|
||
<heading id="17A35B5103BD5E890395C3AF72CF5E05" reason="title">Remarks.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1AD121A7D50E7283A3DD65F8F66212D2">
|
||
A specimen in
|
||
<named-content id="64E5A1B8FE803CF4DE8449D9D5A8DB83" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/naturhistorisches-museum-wien-0" xlink_title="Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria">NHMW</named-content>
|
||
marked as the
|
||
<typeStatus id="944EC50D8F41AE3B414D638C08CF5E11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<emphasis id="22EDA691C21547B386C6D75E7F412476" italics="true">Cryphalostenus erratium</emphasis>
|
||
det. Schedl is not published. It is clearly the same species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5902752A4E75C26F902EC236A7546088" authorityName="Schedl" authorityYear="1965" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Ctonoxylon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="uniseriatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="02EA98A9B699905FB77D5F8DDA44FC8B" italics="true">C. uniseriatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |