244 lines
22 KiB
XML
244 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.22759" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3fbda16f-b111-49f8-8437-18217101d5aa" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2535-0889--15" ID-ZBK="A5359113D999405192B2B048FEA8FC1F" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="2535-0889--15" ModsDocOrigin="Alpine Entomology " ModsDocTitle="On the genus Chaetocladius s. str. Kieffer, 1911 from Switzerland with descriptions of five new relic species occurring in glacial alpine springs and streams (Diptera, Chironomidae)" checkinTime="1555306894829" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moubayed-Breil, Joel & Lods-Crozet, Brigitte" docDate="2018" docId="E86263C02B7B0CD64A6C69268131A3CD" docLanguage="en" docName="AlpEntomol 2: 15-34" docOrigin="Alpine Entomology 2" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.22759" docTitle="Chaetocladius castellae Moubayed-Breil, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="A9B87258-1379-46EE-878B-B0850B31EEDF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="F91D42133E2EFFC4D57DFFBBFFC2FFCC" masterDocTitle="On the genus Chaetocladius s. str. Kieffer, 1911 from Switzerland with descriptions of five new relic species occurring in glacial alpine springs and streams (Diptera, Chironomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="34" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="16" updateTime="1643551736802" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>On the genus Chaetocladius s. str. Kieffer, 1911 from Switzerland with descriptions of five new relic species occurring in glacial alpine springs and streams (Diptera, Chironomidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moubayed-Breil, Joel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lods-Crozet, Brigitte</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Alpine Entomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>15</mods:start>
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<mods:end>34</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.22759</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/alpento.2.22759</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2535-0889--15</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">A5359113D999405192B2B048FEA8FC1F</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">A5359113D999405192B2B048FEA8FC1F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="156199535" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A9B87258-1379-46EE-878B-B0850B31EEDF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E86263C02B7B0CD64A6C69268131A3CD" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/A9B87258-1379-46EE-878B-B0850B31EEDF" authority="Moubayed-Breil" class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaetocladius castellae" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castellae">Chaetocladius castellae Moubayed-Breil</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="16">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
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Holotype. Switzerland: Gletschboden alluvial plain, streamlet and springs located close to the upper catchment of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rhône">Rhone</normalizedToken>
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River, upstream to the Mutt stream confluence (station U2), altitude 1800 m, 30.IX.1998;
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.57096">46°34'15.466"N</geoCoordinate>
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, 8°22'47.054", 1 male adult, leg. B. Lods-Crozet. Environmental data of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Rhône">Rhone</normalizedToken>
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water are: crystalline water, conductivity 3.3-17.8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µS">µS</normalizedToken>
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/cm; temperature 2-4 °C during late spring to late summer (June-September).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
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Paratypes. Switzerland: Mutt stream (Station M4), altitude 2100 m. 07.VIII.1997,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="46.56804">46°34'04.946"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="8.404766">8°24'17.159"E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2 male adults, leg. B. Lods-Crozet. Environmental data of Mutt stream water are: crystalline water, conductivity: 61-183
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µS">µS</normalizedToken>
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/cm; temperature: 1-8 °C during late spring to late summer (June-September). In the streamlet and rheocrenes located close to station M4, conductivity ranged between 103 to 253
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µS">µS</normalizedToken>
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/cm; temperature 4.4. to 14.8 °C (
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<bibRefCitation author="Ilg, C" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" pagination="335 - 352" title="Invertebrate drift and physico-chemical variables in the tributaries of the Mutt, a Swiss glacial stream." url="https://doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/151/2001/335" volume="151" year="2001">Ilg et al. 2001</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
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Holotype (mounted on 1 slide; GBIFCH 00460692) and one paratype (on slide) are deposited in the collections of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘Musée">'Musee</normalizedToken>
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cantonal de Zoologie, Palais de Rumine, 6 place de la Riponne, CH-1014 Lausanne, Switzerland. Remaining paratype (on slide) is deposited in the collection of the senior author.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. castellae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="castellae">C. castellae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. is separated from its nearest species (
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. insolitus" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="insolitus">C. insolitus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. muttensis" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="muttensis">C. muttensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.) by the following main characters: nearly similar shape of tergite IX, which bears a long nose-like dorsally projecting lamella-like structure; long triangular anal point; large inferior volsella; sinuous gonostylus. However,
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. castellae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="castellae">C. castellae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. can be separated from the two previously cited species in having: palpomere 3 bearing 3-4 sensilla clavata (tubule-like) grouped in a ring; dorsal projecting lamella on tergite IX (more strongly projecting upwards), which bears 5-6 setae on ventral side; anal point long and triangular bearing 13-15 dorsal setae on its basal area and 5-6 smaller setae placed on proximal part; gonocoxite markedly swollen medially and bearing 1 row of 7-8 setae on inner dorsal margin, apex of inner dorsal margin with (or without) a distinct triangular to sub-rectangular tubercle; inferior volsella long, tongue-like, downwardly extending to distal part of gonocoxite; gonostylus nearly linear and typically sinuous.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
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Male imago (n = 3 male adults; Figs 1-4, 9-18). Small sized
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaetocladius" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chaetocladius</taxonomicName>
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species. Total length 3.00-3.10 mm. Wing length 1.87-1.88 mm (markedly short). General colouration contrasting brown to dark brown. Head dark brown, antennae pale; thorax contrasting brown to dark brown, mesonotal stripes distinctly dark brown; wing pale; legs brown. Tergites I-VIII brown; anal segment brown to dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
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Figures 1-13. Male adult of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaetocladius" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chaetocladius</taxonomicName>
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spp.
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. castellae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="castellae">C. castellae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: 1, last flagellomere; 2, sensilla clavata on palpomere 3; 3, clypeus; 4, antepronotum, left side.
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. muttensis" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="muttensis">C. muttensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: 5, last flagellomere; 6, palpomere 3; 8, clypeus.
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. insolitus" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="insolitus">C. insolitus</taxonomicName>
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: 7, apex of last flagellomere. Hypopygium of
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. castellae" pageId="1" pageNumber="16" rank="species" species="castellae">C. castellae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: 9, dorsal; 10, ventral with anal point and tergite IX removed; 11, dorsal lamellae of tergite IX; 12, anal point and tergite IX in lateral view; 13, left gonostylus in dorsal view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="1" pageNumber="16">
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Head. Eyes bare, hairs present on median part of inner eye margin. Temporals consist of 10 setae including 6 inner and 4 outer verticals. Antenna 650-660
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 13-segmented; length (µm) of segments: 1, 50; 2-12, 30-35 (nearly sub-equal); last flagellomere 150-160; apex of last flagellomere (Fig. 1) moderately clubbed, bearing 1 pre-apical seta and numerous sensilla chaetica; antennal groove beginning on segment 3 and reaching ultimate flagellomere; AR 0.30-0.40. Clypeus (Fig. 3) broad, nearly rectangular, cup-like in shape with rounded sides and bearing 12 setae in 3 rows. Palp 5-segmented; length (µm) of segments 1-5: 40, 45, 115, 120, 135; palpomere 3 (Fig. 2) with sensilla clavata including: 4-5 sparsely distributed and 3-4 (tubule-like) grouped in a ring which
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="17" start="start">is</pageBreakToken>
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placed on distal part. Thorax. Antepronotum (Fig. 4) well developed with fused lobes, lateral antepronotals 4-5 grouped close together; acrostichals consist of 15-16 short setae starting close to antepronotum and placed in 1-2 rows; dorsocentrals 10-11 placed in 1-2 rows; humeral pit ovoid, without contrasting spots; prealars 4-5 in 1 row; supralars absent. Scutellum with 6 uniserial setae. Wing. Brachiolum with 1 seta. Membrane densely covered with coarse punctuation. Distribution of setae on veins: R, 15-17; R1, 2-3; R2+3 12-16; remaining veins bare. Squama with 5 uniserial setae. Legs. Tibial spurs of PII and PIII are
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaetocladius" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chaetocladius</taxonomicName>
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-type, with prominent and projecting apicolateral denticles. Sensilla chaetica present on: tibia and tarsomeres ta1-ta2 of PI; tibia and tarsomeres ta1-ta3 of PII; tibia and tarsomere ta1 of PIII. Length (µm) and proportions of legs as in Table 1.
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</paragraph>
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<caption ID-Table-UUID="84DEB98226C1DAB626F35DFCBEE1CC1A" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/84DEB98226C1DAB626F35DFCBEE1CC1A" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
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Table 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaetocladius castellae" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castellae">Chaetocladius castellae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Length (µm) and proportions of legs PI, PII and PIII.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
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<table pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
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<tr pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">fe</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">ti</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="2" pageNumber="17">1</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="2" pageNumber="17">2</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="2" pageNumber="17">3</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="2" pageNumber="17">4</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">
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ta
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<sub pageId="2" pageNumber="17">5</sub>
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</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">LR</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">BV</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">SV</th>
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<th colspan="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rowspan="1">BR</th>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
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Hypopygium in dorsal, ventral and lateral view as in Figs 9-10; ventral view (Fig. 10) with tergite IX and anal point removed. Tergite IX broadly sub-rectangular with nearly straight posterior margin; basal median area with a characteristic lamella-like structure which is orally directed and markedly visible in lateral view (Figs 9, 11, 17-18); dorsal lamella-like structure is cup-like in dorsal view and a long nose-like shape in lateral view, bearing 5-7 setae place on ventral side (dorsal side lacking setae); presence of 6-8 setae near the posterior margin (3-4 on each side of base of anal point). Anal point (Figs 9, 12, 17) about 90-95
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, maximum width at base 30
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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, reaching base of lobe of inferior volsella; basal part large, cup-like, bearing 13-15 dorsal setae including 5-6 smaller and placed on proximal part; median and distal part uniformly elongated and distinctly parallel-sided between base and apex, with an average of 15
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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wide; distance between base of the lamella and base of anal point 35
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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. Laterosternite IX with 5 lateral setae on each side, posterior margin distinctly bi-lobed (lobes visible on each side of the base of anal point). Transverse sternapodeme arc-like, with a distinct rounded oral projection on each side; lateral sternapodeme broad; phallapodeme slender and sinuous medially at joint with lateral sternapodeme. Virga indistinct. Gonocoxite 240-250
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, markedly broad medially where maximum width is about 85-90
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; slightly truncate apically; inner dorsal margin (Fig. 9, 15, 17) markedly swollen medially and with 1 row of 7-8 curved setae, apex of inner dorsal margin bearing a characteristic conspicuous tubercle (triangular to sub-rectangular); ventral inner margin (Fig. 10) with 7-8 inwardly directed setae. Inferior volsella 160
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, 75
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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maximum width, clearly visible in both dorsal and ventral view; tongue-like and posteriorly extending from base of gonocoxite till its distal part; posterior margin distinctly straight, apical inner part nose-like and entirely hyaline in both dorsal and ventral sides; distal outer margin weakly separated from inner margin of gonocoxite. Gonostylus (Figs 13, 16) 140-145
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, maximum width 40-45
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; nearly linear with both anterior and posterior margins markedly sinuous; crista dorsalis low and distinct, bearing several short orally directed setae; megaseta 18-20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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long, conspicuous and slightly bent outwards.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
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Figures 14-21. Male adult of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Chironomidae" genus="Chaetocladius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chaetocladius" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Chaetocladius</taxonomicName>
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spp.
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. castellae" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="castellae">C. castellae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (paratype-1): 14-15, gonocoxite, lateral and dorsal; 16, gonostylus in dorsal view.
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. castellae" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="castellae">C. castellae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (paratype-2): 17, hypopygium in dorsal view; 18, dorsal lamellae of tergite IX.
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. insolitus" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="insolitus">C. insolitus</taxonomicName>
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: 19, gonostylus in dorsal view; 20, anal point and tergite IX in lateral view; 21, dorsal lamellae of tergite IX.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="taxonomic position">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Taxonomic position.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. castellae" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="castellae">C. castellae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. keys near
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. insolitus" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="insolitus">C. insolitus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. muttensis" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="muttensis">C. muttensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. based on the following resembling characters: presence of dorsal long projecting lamella-like structure; long triangular anal point; large inferior volsella; sinuous gonostylus. However,
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. castellae" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="castellae">C. castellae</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. can be separated from the two previously cited species by the following main differentiating features: dorsal lamella-like structure on tergite IX is more strongly projecting and bearing setae on ventral side (Figs 9, 11, 12, 17-18), while it is entirely bare in
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. insolitus" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="insolitus">C. insolitus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Caspers, N" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement" pageId="13" pageNumber="28" pagination="133 - 135" title="Chaetocladiusinsolitus n. sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Lunz, Austria." volume="29" year="1987">Caspers 1987</bibRefCitation>
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, Figs 3-4) and
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. muttensis" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="muttensis">C. muttensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (Figs 58, 62, 65); distal part of inferior volsella differently figured in
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. muttensis" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="muttensis">C. muttensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (Figs 58-59, 65); gonostylus typically sinuous anteriorly and posteriorly (Figs 13, 16), while it is narrowing distally and bearing a typical nose-like expansion placed posteriorly in
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<taxonomicName genus="C." lsidName="C. muttensis" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" rank="species" species="muttensis">C. muttensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (Figs 58, 63-65).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The new species is named
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Oligochaeta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Oligochaeta castellae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castellae">castellae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in honour to our colleague Dr. Emmanuel Castella, who worked closely together with B. Lods-Crozet on the AASER project (AASER: Alpine and Arctic of Streams Ecosystem Research) during three years (from 1996 to 1998). He is currently senior research scientist at the University of Geneva and at the head of a research group, which focuses on aquatic invertebrate ecology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Crenophilous species inhabiting cold mountain springs and cold streams with crystalline to calcareous water. Emergence: from July to early September.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Only known from its type locality: Central Swiss Alps.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |