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<document id="798B86B6995F90A2926737DA31BED822" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222930801935958" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5219188" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629339757996" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kott, Patricia" docDate="2008" docId="E8619D712D1B4276FE13FB3EFC97FAB9" docLanguage="en" docName="JNatHist.42.15-16.1103-1217.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 42 (15 - 16)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930801935958" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FCA295E821436EF9307F50C7AC261B53.5:JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="FCA295E821436EF9307F50C7AC261B53" docStyleName="JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Trididemnum grandistellatum Kott 2008, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="1193" masterDocId="1458E5092D41422DFFB2FFC1FF86FFE8" masterDocTitle="Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from deep waters of the continental shelf of Western Australia" masterLastPageNumber="1217" masterPageNumber="1103" pageNumber="1192" updateTime="1699068418599" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="8B6C1F5759123E80E7BEB9A0EEA159E3">Ascidiacea (Tunicata) from deep waters of the continental shelf of Western Australia</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5C36DBD4B339222ADA6C10D34FC546B4" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="FDF435E42BDF06F7C0C381A0EC493E5D">Kott, Patricia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="834FDCD7D35FD52B18FAB84569F606AA">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="6BDAF41BCBADA0F443CC1BE83EFD40C2">
<mods:date id="89476B65BAA016A6637DEA3E3E3C05A8">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B79493C7C4E4EB9B532F4E70558F89C3">2008-04-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E5BE48B4CBCC0FDAB06D510A6C485E69">42</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="7E541727EB11AEACA5A1C75A4CD8962D">15 - 16</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="358C7D62C02FE8D0DBBE007E25DA2461">1103</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="68E7A37FA36C7A5135C1EE5646084A3C" type="DOI">10.1080/00222930801935958</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="430B42E8A7278C53216BB451CF4BEC0B" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8619D712D1B4276FE13FB3EFC97FAB9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8619D712D1B4276FE13FB3EFC97FAB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8619D712D1B4276FE13FB3EFC97FAB9" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="1193" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">
<subSubSection id="28D27FEC2D1B4277FE13FB3EFCC8FAFF" box="[417,846,1279,1303]" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="60772C672D1B4277FE13FB3EFCC8FAFF" blockId="90.[417,846,1279,1336]" box="[417,846,1279,1303]" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">
<heading id="3B3F9B0B2D1B4277FE13FB3EFCC8FAFF" box="[417,846,1279,1303]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" reason="7">
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D1B4277FE13FB3EFD6CFAFF" ID-CoL="58NY9" authority="Kott, 2008" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2008" box="[417,746,1279,1303]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grandistellatum" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1B4277FE13FB3EFD6CFAFF" bold="true" box="[417,746,1279,1303]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">Trididemnum grandistellatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="498F4D0E2D1B4277FD41FB3EFCC8FAFF" box="[755,846,1279,1303]" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28D27FEC2D1B4276FE44FAE1FC97FAB9" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="1193" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" type="description">
<paragraph id="60772C672D1B4277FE44FAE1FD71FAD0" blockId="90.[417,846,1279,1336]" box="[502,759,1312,1336]" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">
(
<figureCitation id="F8F330E22D1B4277FE4CFAE1FD37FAD0" box="[510,689,1312,1336]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="82.[146,213,1221,1243]" captionTargetBox="[148,1101,168,1179]" captionTargetId="figure-51@82.[146,1104,165,1184]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Figure 14. Didemnum moseleyi (QM G328455): A, larva. Didemnum multiampullae sp. nov. (QM G328057): B, larva. Didemnum tapetum sp. nov. (QM G328016): C, abdomen showing gut loop and testis; D, larva. Didemnum velum sp. nov. (QM G328120): E, zooid; F, thorax showing lateral organs. Trididemnum grandistellatum sp. nov. (QM G328007): G, thorax; H, abdomen. Scales: AH, 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219216" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219216/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">Figures 14G, H</figureCitation>
;
<figureCitation id="F8F330E22D1B4277FD0DFAE1FD69FAD0" box="[703,751,1312,1336]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="111.[213,280,976,998]" captionTargetBox="[295,1090,165,936]" captionTargetId="figure-177@111.[292,1090,165,939]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="Figure 19. Scanning electron micrographs of didemnid spicules: A, Trididemnum grandistellatum, QM G328007; B, Trididemnum sibogae, QM G328421; C, Lissoclinum maculatum, QM G328462." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5219226" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5219226/files/figure.png" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">19A</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D1B4277FF20FAB0FE9EFA61" blockId="90.[146,280,1393,1417]" box="[146,280,1393,1417]" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1B4277FF20FAB0FE9EFA61" box="[146,280,1393,1417]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">Distribution</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D1B4277FF20FA58FB93FA39" blockId="90.[146,1103,1433,1489]" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">
<materialsCitation id="D0A0263A2D1B4277FF20FA58FD48FA59" box="[146,718,1433,1457]" collectionCode="CSIRO" location="Western Australia" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" specimenCode="SS10" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia">
Type locality:
<collectingRegion id="A20CE2852D1B4277FEFAFA58FDA7FA59" box="[328,545,1433,1457]" country="Australia" name="Western Australia" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">Western Australia</collectingRegion>
<collectionCode id="06D9B4A22D1B4277FD80FA58FD01FA59" box="[562,647,1433,1457]" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" type="Museum">CSIRO</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="306E841C2D1B4277FD2AFA58FD48FA59" box="[664,718,1433,1457]" collectionCode="CSIRO" country="Australia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0k2v-y6wz" name="Australian National Fish Collection" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" type="Museum">SS10</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
/
<materialsCitation id="D0A0263A2D1B4277FD65FA58FB94FA39" accessionNumber="Z27520" collectingDate="2005-11-24" collectionCode="WAM, QM" collectorName="Bald I. &amp; Stn" elevation="157" latitude="-35.1907" longLatPrecision="45" longitude="118.645" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" specimenCode="G328007" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Australia" typeStatus="holotype">
05 (
<collectorName id="CD3D49B12D1B4277FCB9FA58FCE2FA59" box="[779,868,1433,1457]" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">Bald I.</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="CD3D49B12D1B4277FCCEFA58FC24FA59" box="[892,930,1433,1457]" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">Stn</collectorName>
35,
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<geoCoordinate id="05FC4AA02D1B4277FF20FA78FF7DFA39" box="[146,251,1465,1489]" degrees="35.1907" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" precision="5" value="-35.1907">35.1907S</geoCoordinate>
,
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,
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<collectingDate id="0432F34F2D1B4277FEE8FA78FDB1FA39" box="[346,567,1465,1489]" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" value="2005-11-24">24 November 2005</collectingDate>
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,
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<accessionNumber id="7F9BB1842D1B4277FCB1FA78FCDCFA39" box="[771,858,1465,1489]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/Z27520" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" type="EnaNcbi">Z27520</accessionNumber>
,
<collectionCode id="06D9B4A22D1B4277FCD5FA78FC10FA39" box="[871,918,1465,1489]" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" type="Museum">QM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="306E841C2D1B4277FC2DFA78FB8CFA39" box="[927,1034,1465,1489]" collectionCode="QM" country="Australia" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:35019" name="Queensland Museum" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192" type="Museum">G328007</specimenCode>
)
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D1B4277FF20F9CBFE97F9CA" blockId="90.[146,273,1546,1570]" box="[146,273,1546,1570]" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1B4277FF20F9CBFE97F9CA" box="[146,273,1546,1570]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D1B4276FF20F9F3FEA5FEB7" blockId="90.[146,1103,1586,1706]" lastBlockId="91.[213,1169,168,671]" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="1193" pageId="90" pageNumber="1192">
The colony is sheet-like, with a layer of spicules at thorax level beneath a superficial aspicular layer. Spicules are only sparse in the clear, transparent test of the remainder of the colony. The spicules are large (to
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diameter) with 1315 conical pointed rays in optical transverse section. They break up readily. The common cloacal canals are at thorax level and they encircle blisterlike areas of zooid-free test. From the surface, the stellate, six-lobed branchial apertures are seen opening to the surface along each side of these circular canals. Atrial apertures are circular sessile openings surrounded by a sphincter muscle and exposing only a small part of the branchial sac to the common cloacal canals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D1A4276FF4DFEA9FEB9FD77" blockId="91.[213,1169,168,671]" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">Zooids are robust and have black squamous epithelium on the body wall. Although the branchial sac is obscured by contraction, there appear to be about 12 stigmata in each of three rows. A retractor muscle, free from the top of the oesophagus, is of varying length, depending on its state of contraction (from short and stumpy to long and finely tapering). A small circular lateral organ is on each side of the thorax, ventral to the atrial aperture. The gut loop is open and rounded. Seven coils of the vas deferens surround the undivided testis and in some zooids the male duct is seen to act as a seminal vesicle. Up to four short stolonic vessels with rounded terminal ampullae project from the ventral concavity of the gut loop.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D1A4276FF67FD33FEBEFCE2" blockId="91.[213,312,754,778]" box="[213,312,754,778]" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1A4276FF67FD33FEBEFCE2" box="[213,312,754,778]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D1A4276FF67FCDBFCDBFBD9" blockId="91.[213,1169,794,1361]" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">
Although the actual number of rows of stigmata is obscured, the black squamous epithelium, position of the atrial opening and its sphincter, the position and size of the small circular lateral organs and the large spicules confined to a single layer beneath the surface together suggest that this is a
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D1A4276FCB9FCBBFC72FC79" box="[779,1012,889,914]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1A4276FCB9FCBBFC19FC7A" box="[779,927,890,914]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">Trididemnum</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
rather than a species of
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D1A4276FEF9FC5BFE45FC5A" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[331,451,922,946]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Didemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1A4276FEF9FC5BFE45FC5A" box="[331,451,922,946]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">Didemnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Although
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D1A4276FDFBFC5BFCA6FC59" box="[585,800,921,946]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Polysyncraton" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1A4276FDFBFC5BFD6EFC5A" box="[585,744,922,946]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">Polysyncraton</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
usually have a roomy gut loop, they differ from
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D1A4276FE3FFC7BFDA7FC3A" box="[397,545,954,978]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1A4276FE3FFC7BFDA7FC3A" box="[397,545,954,978]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">Trididemnum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having numerous testis follicles and four rather than three rows of stigmata in larvae, replicates and adults and a sessile open atrial aperture rather than the posteriorly orientated atrial siphon.
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D1A4276FC23FC38FBDDFBF9" box="[913,1115,1017,1041]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Leptoclinides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1A4276FC23FC38FBA2FBF9" box="[913,1060,1017,1041]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">Leptoclinides</emphasis>
spp.
</taxonomicName>
also have multiple testis follicles and lack a retractor muscle.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D1A4276FF4DFBF8FE12FB19" blockId="91.[213,1169,794,1361]" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">
The colony with its large spicules confined to a layer beneath the surface resembles species of the
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D1A4276FE54FB98FD76FB99" baseAuthorityName="Herdman" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[486,752,1113,1137]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savignyi" subGenus="Trididemnum">
(
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1A4276FE5DFB98FD76FB99" box="[495,752,1113,1137]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">Trididemnum) savignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (see
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D1A4276FCC1FB98FC6CFB99" author="Kott P" box="[883,1002,1113,1137]" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193" pagination="1 - 410" refId="ref56390" refString="Kott P. 2001. The Australian Ascidiacea Pt 4, Didemnidae. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 47 (1): 1 - 410." type="journal article" year="2001">Kott 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D1A4276FC4FFB98FE32FB79" authority="Kott, 2007" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2007" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="titanium">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1A4276FC4FFB98FEB4FB79" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">Trididemnum titanium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="045951962D1A4276FE8BFBB8FE32FB79" author="Kott P" box="[313,436,1145,1169]" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193" pagination="1163 - 1211" refId="ref56725" refString="Kott P. 2007. New and little known species of Didemnidae (Ascidiacea, Tunicata) from Australia (Part 4). Journal of Natural History 41 (17 - 20): 1163 - 1211." type="journal article" year="2007">Kott, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
forms a more complex three-dimensional mass than the present specimen, has large spicules (up to
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diameter) but with only 911 rays in optical transverse section crowded throughout the colony and more (nine) coils of the vas deferens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="60772C672D1A4276FF4DFB38FC97FAB9" blockId="91.[213,1169,794,1361]" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">
The only other known species in this group with such large spicules is
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D1A4276FBCAFB38FEE3FAD9" authorityName="Kott" authorityYear="2001" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pigmentatum">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1A4276FBCAFB38FEE3FAD9" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">T. pigmentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
although the rays are more attenuated and spikey.
<taxonomicName id="A7C857E42D1A4276FC4FFAD8FEA9FAB9" baseAuthorityName="Herdman" baseAuthorityYear="1886" class="Ascidiacea" family="Didemnidae" genus="Trididemnum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Aplousobranchia" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="savignyi">
<emphasis id="52BCF0752D1A4276FC4FFAD8FEA9FAB9" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="1193">Trididemnum savignyi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a similar colony but smaller spicules.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>