371 lines
47 KiB
XML
371 lines
47 KiB
XML
<document id="084A0ED3BD135E12502D423D0581B255" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FFB1EF126A8AFE98FD5CFDAE" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides doeringae Atchley, 1967: 1014" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="109" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="108" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:mods id="F9577CB4DEEC6D7FD21BC358B744613B" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="6A78704B656B1751338089AB8B1777D3">
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<mods:title id="BA4EE0AB3BC556D470FAA2EBBA081684">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6C5CC1BE05DEFA23B171BD9061F1C4E4" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4FC28E22C254C2EF48BF085D73954F4F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="2C1B9733F1D382B514699AE64CF94CB3">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9EC0E301B23DF566AADF3F787CD48626">2962 Desert Road Moab, UT 84532 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="EB28B77CE6F4066A4E84795F63230757">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="A51F2EAB4AD1A43AAB83FAB000920DD1">
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<mods:title id="8641F66B52C9DC341214A2693672EA7D">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="FE1D4DD1BD714469CE804C9FB939E7FE">
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<mods:date id="A68647982268974EBEDE3432B8A1064D">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A487A17618625D4AFE6A365858ACBFA7">2022-01-28</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A4F577C2CF8360D19139331AD9B86459" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="C7D013E64D0D7660727D7BDFC5707D4A">2022</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="D17D7000A58717F2487EAB8ADCCE5A61" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="50192A28B30DD52F611D133950F044C2">907</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="AD532B33A1B71CF2656DBD9C3273305F">1</mods:start>
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<mods:identifier id="9B88DD920414E51DDB76564E4B011BA3" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B656891735117A17A4AACDED963FA547" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A9900CED0260D7CC4CCECE893FAB1A9A" type="Zenodo-Dep">6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="CC9BBB5913253006AFBEC170ADA83D80" type="ZooBank">CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8511E53FFB1EF126A8AFE98FD5CFDAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391794" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391794" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FFB1EF126A8AFE98FD5CFDAE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FFB1EF126A8AFE98FD5CFDAE" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB1EF116A8AFE98FDFDFE9D" box="[192,561,347,377]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB1EF116A8AFE98FDFDFE9D" blockId="109.[192,587,347,410]" box="[192,561,347,377]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
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<heading id="3B0F1829FFB1EF116A8AFE98FDFDFE9D" box="[192,561,347,377]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF116A8AFE98FDFDFE9D" ID-CoL="32CFX" authority="Atchley" authorityName="Atchley, 1967:" authorityYear="1014" box="[192,561,347,377]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doeringae">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116A8AFE98FDFDFE9D" bold="true" box="[192,561,347,377]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116A8AFE98FE04FE9C" bold="true" box="[192,456,347,376]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Culicoides doeringae</emphasis>
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Atchley
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB1EF116A8AFEBCFD87FE7E" box="[192,587,383,410]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB1EF116A8AFEBCFD87FE7E" blockId="109.[192,587,347,410]" box="[192,587,383,410]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFB1EF116A82FEBCFEF2FE7E" box="[200,318,383,410]" captionStart="Figures 81–87" captionStartId="178.[192,279,1765,1791]" captionTargetBox="[221,1407,213,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-102@178.[192,1440,213,1745]" captionTargetPageId="178" captionText="Figures 81–87. Male genitalia of Culicoides Piliferus group, ventral view. 81) C. cavaticus, focused on aedeagus. 82) C. cavaticus, focused on aedeagus arm base (Aab), basal head of paramere (Ph), ventral apodeme of gonocoxite (Gcva) (paratype, Sacramento County, CA [FSCA]). 83) C. cavaticus (Grand County, UT). 84) C. doeringae, focused on aedeagus. 85) C. doeringae, focused on basal head of paramere (Ph), ventral apodeme of gonocoxite (Gcva). 86, 87) C. Piliferus group species A variations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391732/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Fig. 84, 85</figureCitation>
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, 138, 139, 229, 230, 264)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB1EF116AAAFE6BFC02FDBC" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB1EF116AAAFE6BFE40FDFF" blockId="109.[224,1442,424,600]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFB1EF116AAAFE6BFE40FDFF" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFB1EF116AAAFE6BFD28FE24" author="Atchley WR" box="[224,740,424,448]" page="1014" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" year="1967">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF116AAAFE6BFD28FE24" ID-CoL="32CFX" authority="Atchley, 1967: 1014" authorityName="Atchley, 1967:" authorityPageNumber="1014" authorityYear="1014" box="[224,740,424,448]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doeringae" subGenus="Oecacta">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116AAAFE6BFE85FE24" box="[224,329,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Culicoides</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116B1CFE6BFE6BFE5B" box="[342,423,424,447]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Oecacta</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116BFCFE6BFDD6FE24" box="[438,538,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">doeringae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB1EF11686AFE6BFD28FE24" author="Atchley WR" box="[544,740,424,448]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" pagination="937 - 1020" refId="ref126851" refString="Atchley WR. 1967. The Culicoides of New Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46: 937 - 1020." type="journal article" year="1967">Atchley, 1967: 1014</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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(key; numerical characters; female; male genitalia; fig. female wing, palpus, tibial comb, eye separation, spermathecae, antennal segments, male genitalia, parameres;
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB1EF116F45FE04FA5BFE3A" box="[1295,1431,454,478]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
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||
).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFB1EF116B4AFE26FDF1FE19" author="Atchley WR & Wirth WW" box="[256,573,484,509]" page="1423" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" year="1975">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB1EF116B4AFE26FDF1FE19" author="Atchley WR & Wirth WW" box="[256,573,484,509]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" pagination="1421 - 1423" refId="ref127062" refString="Atchley WR, Wirth WW. 1975. Two new western Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) which are vectors of filaria in the California valley quail. Canadian Journal of Zoology 53: 1421 - 1423." type="journal article" year="1975">Atchley and Wirth 1975: 1423</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(comparison with
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF11694DFE26FC59FE19" ID-CoL="6C22J" authorityName="Atchley and Wirth, 1975:" authorityYear="1422" box="[775,917,485,509]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lophortygis">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF11694DFE26FCDBFE18" box="[775,791,485,508]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF11696FFE26FC59FE19" box="[805,917,485,509]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">lophortygis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
).
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFB1EF1169E1FE26FB4AFE19" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[939,1158,484,509]" page="22" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB1EF1169E1FE26FB4AFE19" author="Wirth WW & Dyce AL & Peterson BV & Roper I." box="[939,1158,484,509]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref143172" refString="Wirth WW, Dyce AL, Peterson BV, Roper I. 1985. An atlas of wing photographs, with a summary of the numerical characters of the Nearctic species of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Contributions of the American Entomological Institute 22 (4): 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1985">Wirth et al. 1985: 22</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(numerical characters; fig. female wing).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB1EF116AAAFDE2FC02FDBC" blockId="109.[224,1442,424,600]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFFB1EF116AAAFDE2FC02FDBC" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
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||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF116AAAFDE2FE00FDDD" ID-CoL="32D6K" authority="No." authorityName="No." box="[224,460,545,569]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piliferus">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116AAAFDE2FE6DFDDD" box="[224,417,545,569]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Culicoides piliferus</emphasis>
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No.
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</taxonomicName>
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2:
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FFB1EF116BA2FDE1FD6BFDDE" author="Jorgensen NM" box="[488,679,545,570]" page="24" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" year="1969">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB1EF116BA2FDE1FD6BFDDE" author="Jorgensen NM" box="[488,679,545,570]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref133110" refString="Jorgensen NM. 1969. The systematics, occurrence, and host preference of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in southeastern Washington. Melanderia 3: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1969">Jorgensen 1969: 24</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(key; quantitative characters; female; male genitalia; fig. wing, spermathecae, palpus, antenna, male parameres, genitalia; eastern
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB1EF11690BFD83FC0FFDBC" box="[833,963,576,600]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Washington</collectingRegion>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB1EF116A8AFDA4FCF3FC10" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB1EF116A8AFDA4FCF3FC10" blockId="109.[191,1441,615,1012]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116A8AFDA4FEF1FD65" bold="true" box="[192,317,615,641]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFB1EF116B01FDABFE12FD67" box="[331,478,616,643]" captionStart-0="Table 14" captionStart-1="Table 15" captionStart-2="Table 16" captionStartId-0="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionStartId-1="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionStartId-2="156.[195,258,210,238]" captionText-0="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." captionText-1="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." captionText-2="Table 16. Comparison of SCo pattern, wing pattern, and eye separation on Culicoides doeringae. Parentheses indicate SCo on only one antenna. Eye separations are in ommatidium diameters. An x indicates the number of specimens with the same eye separation." pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Tables 14–16</tableCitation>
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) Brown. Wing pattern distinct; r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB1EF11691EFDB5FC90FD60" attach="left" box="[852,860,630,644]" fontSize="6" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">2</subScript>
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dark; isolated pale spots straddling midportions of M
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB1EF116A92FD5BFF2CFD42" attach="left" box="[216,224,664,678]" fontSize="6" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
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||
<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB1EF116B78FD5BFEF6FD42" attach="left" box="[306,314,664,678]" fontSize="6" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">2</subScript>
|
||
; distal pale spot in r
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||
<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB1EF11686AFD5BFDE4FD42" attach="left" box="[544,552,664,678]" fontSize="6" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">3</subScript>
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filling most of distal half, but may be indistinct; distal pale spots in m
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||
<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB1EF116F0BFD5BFA85FD42" attach="left" box="[1345,1353,664,678]" fontSize="6" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">1</subScript>
|
||
, m
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB1EF116F27FD5BFAB9FD42" attach="left" box="[1389,1397,664,678]" fontSize="6" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">2</subScript>
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; no pale band or patch on posteromedian margin of anal cell; flagellomeres 9–10 normal, each larger than 8; SCo pattern 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, (10), 11–13, rarely absent from 9; eyes narrowly separated 0.1–1.0 ommatidium diameter; labrum without apical median projection; scutellum with 8–10 setae on female; fore and hind tarsomeres without apical spines; spermathecae unequal by ~1.4, sclerotized necks <0.5 as long as wide or absent; sclerotized ring on spermathecal duct; male tergite 9 posterior margin concave, with distinct apicolateral processes extending beyond medial portion; sternite 9 caudomedian excavation deep and about three-sided; ventral apodeme of gonocoxite with two widely divergent processes, footlike; aedeagus Y-shaped, basal arms with basal ends slightly curved laterally, arms without submedian fingerlike lobes, arms posteromedially fused by moderate sclerotization, median process simple, aedeagal ratio 0.45–0.6; parameres separate with basal heads broad anvillike, with fringe of spines on apical third, without submedian lobe.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB1EF116A8AFBC0FCCDFA43" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" type="distribution">
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||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB1EF116A8AFBC0FA90FBDB" blockId="109.[192,1440,1027,1088]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116A8AFBC0FE90FBF9" bold="true" box="[192,348,1027,1053]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Distribution.</emphasis>
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||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB1EF116B29FBC0FE22FBF9" box="[355,494,1027,1053]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Washington</collectingRegion>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB1EF116BB4FBC0FD62FBFA" author="Jorgensen NM" box="[510,686,1027,1054]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref133110" refString="Jorgensen NM. 1969. The systematics, occurrence, and host preference of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in southeastern Washington. Melanderia 3: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1969">Jorgensen 1969</bibRefCitation>
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||
),
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB1EF116888FBC0FCD6FBF9" box="[706,794,1027,1053]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Oregon</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB1EF11696CFBC0FCA4FBF9" box="[806,872,1027,1053]" country="United States of America" name="Idaho" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Idaho</collectingRegion>
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||
(Bonneville County
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<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116E11FBC0FAD7FBF9" bold="true" box="[1115,1307,1027,1053]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">new state record</emphasis>
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||
),
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB1EF116F78FBC7FA57FBFA" box="[1330,1435,1028,1054]" country="United States of America" name="Montana" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Montana</collectingRegion>
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, south through
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB1EF116B20FBE6FE6FFBDB" box="[362,419,1061,1087]" country="United States of America" name="Utah" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Utah</collectingRegion>
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(Garfield, Grand, Summit counties),
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB1EF116902FBE6FC78FBDB" box="[840,948,1061,1087]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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, to
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB1EF116991FBE6FB9EFBDB" box="[987,1106,1061,1087]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">California</collectingRegion>
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,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB1EF116E17FBE6FB70FBDB" box="[1117,1212,1061,1087]" country="United States of America" name="Arizona" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB1EF116E8DFBE6FA94FBDB" box="[1223,1368,1061,1087]" country="United States of America" name="New Mexico" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">New Mexico</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB1EF116A8AFB8CFC19FB29" blockId="109.[192,1440,1102,1230]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116A8AFB8CFEBEFB8D" bold="true" box="[192,370,1103,1129]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Larval ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB1EF116B32FB8CFDFFFB8D" author="Jorgensen NM" box="[376,563,1102,1129]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref133110" refString="Jorgensen NM. 1969. The systematics, occurrence, and host preference of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in southeastern Washington. Melanderia 3: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1969">Jorgensen (1969)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
collected “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF1168E4FB8CFC94FB8D" authority="No." authorityName="No." box="[686,856,1102,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piliferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF1168E4FB8CFD0CFB8D" box="[686,704,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116887FB8DFCE4FB8C" box="[717,808,1102,1128]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">piliferus</emphasis>
|
||
No.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2” (which I think is synonymous with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF116F47FB8CFA55FB8C" authorityName="Atchley, 1967:" authorityYear="1014" box="[1293,1433,1102,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doeringae">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116F47FB8CFAD3FB8D" box="[1293,1311,1103,1129]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116F66FB8DFA55FB8C" box="[1324,1433,1102,1128]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">doeringae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, see remarks) with an emergence trap over a freshwater seepage spring in a cattle pasture; however, he conflates the seasonal distribution and abundance data for “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF1168B3FB51FC6EFB48" authority="No." authorityName="No." box="[761,930,1170,1196]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piliferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF1168B3FB51FCC7FB48" box="[761,779,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116952FB51FCBFFB48" box="[792,883,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">piliferus</emphasis>
|
||
No.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2” with that of his distinctly different “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF116F11FB51FEE3FB2A" authority="No." authorityName="No." class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piliferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116F11FB51FAA1FB48" box="[1371,1389,1170,1196]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116F30FB51FF33FB29" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">piliferus</emphasis>
|
||
No.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
1”, making it uncertain as to which species these data apply.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB1EF116A8AFB1EFCFDFAB8" blockId="109.[192,1440,1245,1448]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116A8AFB1EFEB6FB13" bold="true" box="[192,378,1245,1271]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Adult behavior.</emphasis>
|
||
The mandibular and lacinial teeth on the female indicate it feeds on vertebrate blood; and though its hosts are unknown, it is a member of the Piliferus group, generally considered ornithophilic (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB1EF116F12FB3CFE48FADF" author="Wirth WW & Hubert AA" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" pagination="182 - 195" refId="ref143316" refString="Wirth WW, Hubert AA. 1962. The species of Culicoides related to piliferus Root and Hoffman in eastern North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 55: 182 - 195." type="journal article" year="1962">Wirth and Hubert 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Furthermore, like Piliferus group species A,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF1169DEFAE2FBECFADE" authorityName="Atchley, 1967:" authorityYear="1014" box="[916,1056,1312,1339]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doeringae">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF1169DEFAE2FC69FADF" box="[916,933,1313,1339]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF1169F9FAE3FBECFADE" box="[947,1056,1312,1338]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">doeringae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was moderately common in light traps but nearly absent from CO
|
||
<subScript id="FC7CAD00FFB1EF116866FA92FDF8FABB" attach="left" box="[556,564,1361,1375]" fontSize="6" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">2</subScript>
|
||
-baited traps (
|
||
<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFB1EF11689AFA81FCE8FAB8" box="[720,804,1346,1372]" captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="138.[192,255,212,238]" captionText="Table 4. Light-trap responses (LTRs). Unmarked data indicate the proportion of each species collected with light traps in Grand County, where both light-baited and CO2-baited traps were used during 1999–2016, adjusted as LTRs to show the fraction that would have been collected with light traps if equal numbers of the traps had been used. Data with an asterisk (*) are for species or sexes collected in other areas where only UVLTs were used and are only to show that UVLTs can be used for their collection. Data with a dagger (†) are for species D, which was collected under both circumstances, and for C. mortivallis and C. owyheensis, which were randomly selected for identification, are simple unadjusted fractional LTR calculations." pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Table 4</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB1EF116A8AFAA8FCCDFA43" blockId="109.[192,1440,1245,1448]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116A8AFAA8FE8FFA61" bold="true" box="[192,323,1387,1413]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Symbionts.</emphasis>
|
||
Male and female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF116845FAAFFD57FA61" authorityName="Atchley, 1967:" authorityYear="1014" box="[527,667,1387,1414]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doeringae">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116845FAAFFDECFA62" box="[527,544,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116864FAA8FD57FA61" box="[558,667,1387,1413]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">doeringae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were parasitized by larval mites (
|
||
<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFB1EF116E53FAA8FBB7FA62" box="[1049,1147,1387,1414]" captionStart="Table 10" captionStartId="148.[191,254,214,242]" captionText="Table 10. Mite-parasitized Ceratopogonidae. CO2T = CO2-baited trap without light. ILT = incandescent light trap. UVLT = ultraviolet light trap. When collections were combined from nearby traps, geographic coordinates are rounded and will not match those of Table 1. “n” is the number of specimens with the same collection data. Specimens with an asterisk (*) were identified by males in the same collection." pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Table 10</tableCitation>
|
||
), which species may indicate
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF116AB9FA4DFEB3FA43" authorityName="Atchley, 1967:" authorityYear="1014" box="[243,383,1421,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doeringae">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116AB9FA4DFEC9FA4C" box="[243,261,1422,1448]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116B58FA4EFEB3FA43" box="[274,383,1421,1447]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">doeringae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’s pupal habitat or oviposition site.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFFB1EF126A8AFA74FD5CFDAE" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB1EF116A8AFA74FA86FA16" blockId="109.[191,1442,1463,1927]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116A8AFA74FEFCFA35" bold="true" box="[192,304,1463,1489]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Because
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB1EF116BD2FA74FD45FA35" author="Jorgensen NM" box="[408,649,1463,1489]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" pagination="1 - 47" refId="ref133110" refString="Jorgensen NM. 1969. The systematics, occurrence, and host preference of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in southeastern Washington. Melanderia 3: 1 - 47." type="journal article" year="1969">Jorgensen’s (1969: 24)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
descriptions of the female and of the male genitalia of his “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF116F6CFA74FF25FA17" authority="No." authorityName="No." class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="piliferus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116F6CFA74FAF4FA35" box="[1318,1336,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116F0FFA74FA6CFA35" box="[1349,1440,1463,1489]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">piliferus</emphasis>
|
||
No.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
2” (including his
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFB1EF116BFBFA1BFDCCFA17" box="[433,512,1496,1523]" captionStart="Figures 3–8" captionStartId="163.[192,279,1833,1859]" captionTargetBox="[220,1409,213,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-9@163.[192,1440,213,1803]" captionTargetPageId="163" captionText="Figures 3–8. Female wings with cells (lower case) and veins (upper case) labeled. 3) Culicoides stonei. 4) C. atchleyi (Bonneville County, ID). 5) Leptoconops torrens. Female abdomen, ventral view. 6) L. torrens. 7) C. stonei. 8) L. californiensis, dorsal habitus (in alcohol, Yuma County, AZ [Carl Olson, with permission])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391688/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Fig. 8B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFB1EF11684AFA1AFDC5FA17" box="[512,521,1497,1523]" captionStart="Figures 1–2" captionStartId="162.[192,279,1866,1892]" captionTargetBox="[491,1142,213,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-38@162.[194,1442,213,1806]" captionTargetPageId="162" captionText="Figures 1–2. Female lateral habitus (in alcohol). 1) Leptoconops (Holoconops) Kerteszi group. 2) Culicoides (Monoculicoides) sonorensis." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391686/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">1</figureCitation>
|
||
) are so similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF11689FFA1AFCACFA16" authorityName="Atchley, 1967:" authorityYear="1014" box="[725,864,1496,1523]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doeringae">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF11689FFA1AFD2BFA17" box="[725,743,1497,1523]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF1168B9FA1BFCACFA16" box="[755,864,1496,1522]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">doeringae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in all respects, I think they are conspecific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB1EF116B4AFA39FEEEF8C5" blockId="109.[191,1442,1463,1927]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF116B4AFA39FE27F9F0" authorityName="Atchley, 1967:" authorityYear="1014" box="[256,491,1530,1556]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doeringae">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116B4AFA39FE27F9F0" box="[256,491,1530,1556]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Culicoides doeringae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D090A518FFB1EF116BB8FA39FDF8F9D2" county="Grand County" location="Grand County" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="1">
|
||
specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingCounty id="8926D7C9FFB1EF1168B7FA39FC69F9F0" box="[765,933,1530,1556]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Grand County</collectingCounty>
|
||
have considerable variation of wing pattern intensity (Fig. 138, 139, 229, 230)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D090A518FFB1EF116874F9DFFC00F958" county="Grand County" location="Grand County" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New Mexico and Arizona">
|
||
however, the range of variations were clustered together in the same peaks of seasonal distribution (Table 5), indicating they represent variation within a single species. Furthermore several
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF116AB8F99CFE4CF99D" authorityName="Atchley, 1967:" authorityYear="1014" box="[242,384,1631,1658]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doeringae">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116AB8F99CFEC8F99D" box="[242,260,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116B5BF99CFE4CF99D" box="[273,384,1631,1657]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">doeringae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens collected in
|
||
<collectingCounty id="8926D7C9FFB1EF1168C5F99CFCFAF99D" box="[655,822,1631,1657]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Grand County</collectingCounty>
|
||
had smaller antennal ratios (down to 1.29), and males often had a greater aedeagal arch height (aedeagal ratio
|
||
<quantity id="A70002A0FFB1EF116978F943FCB2F97F" box="[818,894,1664,1691]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4986" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" unit="in" value="0.59">0.59 in</quantity>
|
||
<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FFB1EF1169CEF942FC1CF97F" box="[900,976,1665,1691]" captionStart="Figures 81–87" captionStartId="178.[192,279,1765,1791]" captionTargetBox="[221,1407,213,1743]" captionTargetId="figure-102@178.[192,1440,213,1745]" captionTargetPageId="178" captionText="Figures 81–87. Male genitalia of Culicoides Piliferus group, ventral view. 81) C. cavaticus, focused on aedeagus. 82) C. cavaticus, focused on aedeagus arm base (Aab), basal head of paramere (Ph), ventral apodeme of gonocoxite (Gcva) (paratype, Sacramento County, CA [FSCA]). 83) C. cavaticus (Grand County, UT). 84) C. doeringae, focused on aedeagus. 85) C. doeringae, focused on basal head of paramere (Ph), ventral apodeme of gonocoxite (Gcva). 86, 87) C. Piliferus group species A variations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391732" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391732/files/figure.png" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Fig. 84</figureCitation>
|
||
) than described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB1EF116EE4F942FA9FF97F" author="Atchley WR" box="[1198,1363,1664,1691]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" pagination="937 - 1020" refId="ref126851" refString="Atchley WR. 1967. The Culicoides of New Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46: 937 - 1020." type="journal article" year="1967">Atchley (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(~
|
||
<quantity id="A70002A0FFB1EF116F24F943FF1AF958" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.143" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" unit="in" value="0.45">0.45 in</quantity>
|
||
text,
|
||
<quantity id="A70002A0FFB1EF116B50F961FE97F958" box="[282,347,1698,1725]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" unit="in" value="0.5">0.5 in</quantity>
|
||
his Fig. 129) for
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB1EF11686BF960FC87F958" box="[545,843,1698,1725]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">New Mexico and Arizona</collectingRegion>
|
||
specimens
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="D090A518FFB1EF116993F961FED2F8C5" collectingDate="2019-07-11" county="Summit County" location="Summit County" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="New Mexico and Arizona">
|
||
and one of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="76FE64CCFFB1EF116EC3F960FADEF958" box="[1161,1298,1698,1725]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" type="female">two females</specimenCount>
|
||
collected in the same trap on
|
||
<date id="14468985FFB1EF116BC3F907FDDDF93A" box="[393,529,1732,1758]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" value="2019-07-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="0402706DFFB1EF116BC3F907FDDDF93A" box="[393,529,1732,1758]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" value="2019-07-11">
|
||
11 July
|
||
<quantity id="A70002A0FFB1EF116B96F907FDDDF93A" box="[476,529,1732,1758]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.12826" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" unit="in" value="2019.0">2019</quantity>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCounty id="8926D7C9FFB1EF11687CF907FD3CF93A" box="[566,752,1732,1758]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Summit County</collectingCounty>
|
||
, despite being otherwise completely similar, had equal-sized spermathecae (1.00 versus 1.30 differential of the other specimen), indicating spermathecae may be somewhat variable
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB1EF126B4AF8EAFE82FE79" blockId="109.[191,1442,1463,1927]" lastBlockId="110.[191,1441,214,587]" lastPageId="110" lastPageNumber="109" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF116B4AF8EAFE25F8A7" authorityName="Atchley, 1967:" authorityYear="1014" box="[256,489,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doeringae">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116B4AF8EAFE25F8A7" box="[256,489,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">Culicoides doeringae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF11686BF8EAFD71F8A7" box="[545,701,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">
|
||
C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF11680AF8EAFD71F8A7" authorityName="Atchley and Wirth, 1975:" authorityYear="1422" box="[576,701,1833,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lophortygis">lophortygis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
may be conspecific. From the descriptions by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB1EF116E80F8EAFAA3F8A0" author="Atchley WR" box="[1226,1391,1833,1860]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" pagination="937 - 1020" refId="ref126851" refString="Atchley WR. 1967. The Culicoides of New Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46: 937 - 1020." type="journal article" year="1967">Atchley (1967)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB1EF116A8AF889FE25F881" author="Atchley WR & Wirth WW" box="[192,489,1866,1893]" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" pagination="1421 - 1423" refId="ref127062" refString="Atchley WR, Wirth WW. 1975. Two new western Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) which are vectors of filaria in the California valley quail. Canadian Journal of Zoology 53: 1421 - 1423." type="journal article" year="1975">Atchley and Wirth (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the following characters overlap (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF11693CF888FBC9F880" authorityName="Atchley, 1967:" authorityYear="1014" box="[886,1029,1866,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doeringae">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF11693CF888FC44F881" box="[886,904,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF1169DCF889FBC9F880" box="[918,1029,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">doeringae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
first,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB1EF116E00F888FB2AF880" authorityName="Atchley and Wirth, 1975:" authorityYear="1422" box="[1098,1254,1866,1893]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="109" pageNumber="108" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lophortygis">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116E00F888FB97F881" box="[1098,1115,1867,1893]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB1EF116E23F889FB2AF880" box="[1129,1254,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="109" pageNumber="108">lophortygis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
second): female wing length (1.13–1.34, 1.09–1.23), antennal ratio (1.48–1.73, 1.38–1.62), ratio of the lengths of flagellomeres 7+8 to flagellomere 9 (1.00–1.27, 0.97–1.15), palpal ratio (2.30–2.87, 2.82–2.88), and proboscis ratio (1.03–1.20, 0.89.–1.03). This leaves the intensity of the wing pattern (“more prominent”, “rather indistinct” [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB2EF126F59FF3BFE86FED1" author="Atchley WR & Wirth WW" pageId="110" pageNumber="109" pagination="1421 - 1423" refId="ref127062" refString="Atchley WR, Wirth WW. 1975. Two new western Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) which are vectors of filaria in the California valley quail. Canadian Journal of Zoology 53: 1421 - 1423." type="journal article" year="1975">Atchley and Wirth 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]) and eye separation (“width of median hair socket” [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB2EF12698FFED8FBAEFED1" author="Atchley WR" box="[965,1122,282,309]" pageId="110" pageNumber="109" pagination="937 - 1020" refId="ref126851" refString="Atchley WR. 1967. The Culicoides of New Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 46: 937 - 1020." type="journal article" year="1967">Atchley 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
], “greater than width of an ommatidial facet” [
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB2EF126BD2FEFDFD62FEBC" author="Atchley WR & Wirth WW" box="[408,686,317,344]" pageId="110" pageNumber="109" pagination="1421 - 1423" refId="ref127062" refString="Atchley WR, Wirth WW. 1975. Two new western Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) which are vectors of filaria in the California valley quail. Canadian Journal of Zoology 53: 1421 - 1423." type="journal article" year="1975">Atchley and Wirth 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]) as the only stated distinctions. However, their differing described SCo patterns (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, (10), 11–13 and 1, 3, (5), (7), 11-13) are not cited as a distinction in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB2EF126E82FEA3FE86FE79" author="Atchley WR & Wirth WW" pageId="110" pageNumber="109" pagination="1421 - 1423" refId="ref127062" refString="Atchley WR, Wirth WW. 1975. Two new western Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) which are vectors of filaria in the California valley quail. Canadian Journal of Zoology 53: 1421 - 1423." type="journal article" year="1975">Atchley and Wirth (1975: 1423)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FFB2EF126B4AFE65FD5CFDAE" blockId="110.[191,1441,214,587]" pageId="110" pageNumber="109">
|
||
<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFFB2EF126B4AFE65FE92FE24" box="[256,350,422,448]" captionStart="Table 16" captionStartId="156.[195,258,210,238]" captionText="Table 16. Comparison of SCo pattern, wing pattern, and eye separation on Culicoides doeringae. Parentheses indicate SCo on only one antenna. Eye separations are in ommatidium diameters. An x indicates the number of specimens with the same eye separation." pageId="110" pageNumber="109">Table 16</tableCitation>
|
||
shows the six different SCo patterns of 27
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB2EF12690BFE65FC01FE24" authorityName="Atchley, 1967:" authorityYear="1014" box="[833,973,422,448]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doeringae">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB2EF12690BFE65FC9FFE24" box="[833,851,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="109">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB2EF12692AFE65FC01FE24" box="[864,973,422,448]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="109">doeringae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens and compares their wing pattern intensities and eye separations. These data fail to show a correlation between these characteristics—calling into question the species distinction between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB2EF126880FE2FFC9AFDE1" authorityName="Atchley, 1967:" authorityYear="1014" box="[714,854,491,518]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doeringae">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB2EF126880FE2FFD17FDE2" box="[714,731,492,518]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="109">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB2EF1268A3FE28FC9AFDE1" box="[745,854,491,517]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="109">doeringae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB2EF1269D8FE2FFBE1FDE1" box="[914,1069,491,518]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="109">
|
||
C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB2EF1269FBFE28FBE1FDE1" authorityName="Atchley and Wirth, 1975:" authorityYear="1422" box="[945,1069,491,517]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lophortygis">lophortygis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. That
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB2EF126E3DFE2FFADEFDE1" box="[1143,1298,491,518]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="109">
|
||
C.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB2EF126EDCFE28FADEFDE1" authorityName="Atchley and Wirth, 1975:" authorityYear="1422" box="[1174,1298,491,517]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lophortygis">lophortygis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is known to bite
|
||
<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FFB2EF126ABBFDCDFEA9FDCC" box="[241,357,526,552]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="110" pageNumber="109">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
valley quail (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB2EF126BB6FDCDFD3AFDCC" baseAuthorityName="Shaw" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[508,758,526,552]" class="Aves" family="Odontophoridae" genus="Lophortyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="110" pageNumber="109" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="californicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB2EF126BB6FDCDFD3AFDCC" box="[508,758,526,552]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="109">Lophortyx californicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FFB2EF126947FDCDFBECFDCD" author="Atchley WR & Wirth WW" box="[781,1056,526,553]" pageId="110" pageNumber="109" pagination="1421 - 1423" refId="ref127062" refString="Atchley WR, Wirth WW. 1975. Two new western Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) which are vectors of filaria in the California valley quail. Canadian Journal of Zoology 53: 1421 - 1423." type="journal article" year="1975">Atchley and Wirth 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) has implications for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FFB2EF126F5EFDCDFA6CFDCC" authorityName="Atchley, 1967:" authorityYear="1014" box="[1300,1440,526,552]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="110" pageNumber="109" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doeringae">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB2EF126F5EFDCDFAEAFDCC" box="[1300,1318,526,552]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="109">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FFB2EF126F79FDCDFA6CFDCC" box="[1331,1440,526,552]" italics="true" pageId="110" pageNumber="109">doeringae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being a possible vector of avian parasites.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |