255 lines
31 KiB
XML
255 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="EF4E2CAD87021EBDF299EEA0D95922C6" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6391684" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391684" ID-ZooBank="CBD29188-143B-44DF-BE21-1654D50D8621" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1648501406612" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Phillips, Robert A." docDate="2022" docId="E8511E53FF98EF396A8AFB47FDDAFDAD" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.2022.0907.1-214.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2022 (907)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592.3:InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleId="F9976E9B7F8A094D890004515A7A0592" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2020-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Culicoides (Haematomyidium) kettlei Breidenbaugh and Mullens" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="1468662BFFDCEF7C6A4AFFC3FFCCFFE4" masterDocTitle="Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="214" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="67" updateTime="1699308763882" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A8B5C11D99C75B8EC54A78ABBCC72C42">
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<mods:title id="9686C367C63468D8F4446A26C982BDA6">Culicoides Latreille and Leptoconops Skuse biting midges of the southwestern United States with emphasis on the Canyonlands of southeastern Utah (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="7F9D3F554F4AFC0431DF687554A47C76">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3B8EFB82593C678CE7ADEC9D7F7E515C">Phillips, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="34EFF90A9D3547CA41D7417C8C224903">2962 Desert Road Moab, UT 84532 USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="5A3465EFC636EB7707F7DC155341ACEC">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9045D670E62A0581C0B2FC714A5B68E0">
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<mods:date id="65F1889AB0ACF28AD16B6CBB23C13CAB">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="89FE4F0E8E44A2DA8226BB652EDD36AC">2022-01-28</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="6CD855BC1413646C62444A6D6FB6A9F8">2022</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="868D3D9EDC5426266868F0468F5C06C6">907</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="6505D5423438777046259B23796B7984" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.6391684</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F3D9DF8E47D6A86C638430E67532B531" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E8511E53FF98EF396A8AFB47FDDAFDAD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391770" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6391770" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E8511E53FF98EF396A8AFB47FDDAFDAD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E8511E53FF98EF396A8AFB47FDDAFDAD" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFF98EF386A8AFB47FC31FB44" box="[192,1021,1156,1185]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FF98EF386A8AFB47FC31FB44" blockId="68.[192,1021,1156,1218]" box="[192,1021,1156,1185]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">
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<heading id="3B0F1829FF98EF386A8AFB47FC31FB44" box="[192,1021,1156,1185]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF98EF386A8AFB47FC31FB44" ID-CoL="8BNYP" authority="Breidenbaugh and Mullens" authorityName="Breidenbaugh and Mullens" box="[192,1021,1156,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kettlei" subGenus="Haematomyidium">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386A8AFB47FC31FB44" bold="true" box="[192,1021,1156,1185]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386A8AFB47FE88FB45" bold="true" box="[192,324,1156,1185]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">Culicoides</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386B1EFB47FDF0FB45" bold="true" box="[340,572,1156,1185]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">Haematomyidium</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386807FB47FD51FB45" bold="true" box="[589,669,1156,1185]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">kettlei</emphasis>
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Breidenbaugh and Mullens
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFF98EF386A8AFB6BFE7AFB26" box="[192,438,1192,1218]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FF98EF386A8AFB6BFE7AFB26" blockId="68.[192,1021,1156,1218]" box="[192,438,1192,1218]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F8C3B3C0FF98EF386A82FB6BFEDAFB26" box="[200,278,1192,1218]" captionStart="Figures 79–80" captionStartId="177.[192,279,1168,1194]" captionTargetBox="[200,1428,213,1130]" captionTargetId="figure-62@177.[192,1440,213,1138]" captionTargetPageId="177" captionText="Figures 79–80. Male genitalia of Culicoides, ventral view, basal arms of aedeagus (Aa), submedian lobe on paramere (Pml), ventral apodeme of gonocoxite (Gcva), distal spines of paramere (Pds). 79) C. mohave, apex of aedeagus circled (San Bernardino County, CA [FSCA]). 80) C. kettlei (Riverside County, CA [BM])." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6391730" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6391730/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">Fig. 80</figureCitation>
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, 133, 187, 188)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFF98EF386AAAFB13FB07FAC2" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FF98EF386AAAFB13FB07FAC2" blockId="68.[224,1440,1232,1318]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="40E8886BFF98EF386AAAFB13FB07FAC2" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">
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<treatmentCitation id="E1598954FF98EF386AAAFB13FC3CFB0C" author="Breidenbaugh MS & Mullens BA" box="[224,1008,1232,1257]" page="150" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" year="1999">
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF98EF386AAAFB13FC3CFB0C" ID-CoL="8BNYP" authority="Breidenbaugh and Mullens, 1999 b: 150" authorityName="Breidenbaugh and Mullens" authorityPageNumber="150" authorityYear="1999" box="[224,1008,1232,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kettlei" subGenus="Haematomyidium">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386AAAFB13FE85FB0C" box="[224,329,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">Culicoides</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386B1CFB13FDC3FB0C" box="[342,527,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">Haematomyidium</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386854FB13FD91FB0C" box="[542,605,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">kettlei</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FF98EF386828FB13FC3CFB0C" author="Breidenbaugh MS & Mullens BA" box="[610,1008,1232,1256]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" pagination="149 - 163" refId="ref128187" refString="Breidenbaugh MS, Mullens BA. 1999 b. Two new western Nearctic Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) described from all stages. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 101: 149 - 163." type="journal article" year="1999">Breidenbaugh and Mullens, 1999b: 150</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(egg, larva, pupa, adult female; male genitalia; fig. egg, larval head, caudal segment, mouthparts, pupal respiratory trumpet, operculum, caudal segment, chaetotaxy, female eyes, antenna, palpus, legs, wing, spermathecae, male genitalia;
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FF98EF386E19FACDFB0CFAC2" box="[1107,1216,1294,1318]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">California</collectingRegion>
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).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFF98EF386A8AFAF5FD59F9DA" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FF98EF386A8AFAF5FD59F9DA" blockId="68.[192,1441,1334,1598]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386A8AFAF5FEF1FAB4" bold="true" box="[192,317,1334,1360]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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(
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFF98EF386B00FAF5FE7AFAB4" box="[330,438,1334,1360]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="68" pageNumber="67">Tables 14</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFF98EF386B8AFAF5FE17FAB5" box="[448,475,1334,1361]" captionStart="Table 15" captionStartId="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionText="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." pageId="68" pageNumber="67">15</tableCitation>
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) Brown; r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FF98EF386806FA86FD98FAB7" attach="left" box="[588,596,1349,1363]" fontSize="6" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">2</subScript>
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dark; distal pale spot in r
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FF98EF386938FA86FCB6FAB7" attach="left" box="[882,890,1349,1363]" fontSize="6" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">3</subScript>
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irregular, crude C- or mushroom-shaped, sometimes extending faintly along anterior wing margin into apex of cell to form an arch; two irregular pale spots in m
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FF98EF386ABFFA4BFF31FA72" attach="left" box="[245,253,1416,1430]" fontSize="6" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">1</subScript>
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; distal pale spots in m
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FF98EF386BB4FA4BFDCAFA72" attach="right" box="[510,518,1416,1430]" fontSize="6" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">2</subScript>
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, cua
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FF98EF386871FA4BFD8FFA72" attach="left" box="[571,579,1416,1430]" fontSize="6" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">1</subScript>
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, anal cell; M
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FF98EF38689FFA4BFD11FA72" attach="left" box="[725,733,1416,1430]" fontSize="6" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">1</subScript>
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and M
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FF98EF38697AFA4BFCF4FA72" attach="left" box="[816,824,1416,1430]" fontSize="6" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">2</subScript>
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without pale spots; one pale spot in distal half of anal cell, not reaching wing margin; male tergite 9 apicolateral processes as long as ~0.4 the distance between them; ventral apodeme of gonocoxite with two well-developed widely divergent processes, footlike; aedeagus simple, median process tapering to blunt minutely serrate tip, aedeagal ratio ~0.6; parameres separate, with distinct bulbous submedian lobe smaller than width of paramere, and with subapical fringe of spines. (Male genitalia indistinguishable from that of
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF98EF386853F9E7FD4BF9D9" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[537,647,1571,1598]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellifer">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386853F9E7FDE7F9DA" box="[537,555,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386872F9E0FD4BF9D9" box="[568,647,1571,1597]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">stellifer</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFF98EF396A8AF98EFA46FED7" lastPageId="69" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FF98EF386A8AF98EFD59F983" blockId="68.[192,661,1613,1639]" box="[192,661,1613,1639]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386A8AF98EFE90F983" bold="true" box="[192,348,1613,1639]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FF98EF386B28F98EFE14F983" box="[354,472,1613,1639]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">California</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FF98EF386BA9F98EFD5EF983" box="[483,658,1613,1639]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">Baja California</collectingRegion>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FF98EF386A8AF9B4FB5BF8FC" blockId="68.[192,1441,1655,1817]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386A8AF9B4FD96F975" bold="true" box="[192,602,1655,1681]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">Larval ecology and adult behavior.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FF98EF38682BF9B4FC22F975" author="Breidenbaugh MS & Mullens BA" box="[609,1006,1655,1681]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" pagination="839 - 867" refId="ref128133" refString="Breidenbaugh MS, Mullens BA. 1999 a. Descriptions of immature stages of six Culicoides Latreille spp. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from desert mountain ranges in Southern California, with notes on life histories and rearing technique. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 101: 839 - 867." type="journal article" year="1999">Breidenbaugh and Mullens (1999a)</bibRefCitation>
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collected adults with emergence traps from soil margins of an ephemeral creek at
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<quantity id="A70002A0FF98EF3868FCF95AFCF9F957" box="[694,821,1689,1716]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" unit="m" value="325.0" valueMax="350.0" valueMin="300.0">300–350 m</quantity>
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elevation in San Bernardino County,
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<collectingRegion id="A23C61A7FF98EF386EADF95AFA93F957" box="[1255,1375,1689,1715]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">California</collectingRegion>
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. They (1999b) also report collections of
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF98EF38680EF978FD66F931" box="[580,682,1723,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kettlei">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF38680EF978FD9AF931" box="[580,598,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF38682FF978FD66F931" box="[613,682,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">kettlei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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females with CO
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<subScript id="FC7CAD00FF98EF38693FF90AFCB1F933" attach="right" box="[885,893,1737,1751]" fontSize="6" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">2</subScript>
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-baited traps, and
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FF98EF386E18F978FAB0F931" author="Mullens BA & Dada CE" box="[1106,1404,1723,1749]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" pagination="476 - 480" refId="ref136458" refString="Mullens BA, Dada CE. 1992 a. Insects feeding on desert bighorn sheep, domestic rabbits, and Japanese quail in the Santa Rosa Mountains of Southern California. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 28: 476 - 480." type="journal article" year="1992">Mullens and Dada (1992a</bibRefCitation>
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, as “
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<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF98EF386A80F91FFEF1F912" authority="Phillips, 2022" authorityName="Phillips" authorityYear="2022" box="[202,317,1756,1782]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386A80F91FFEF1F912" box="[202,317,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">Culicoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="49BFCE2CFF98EF386B09F91EFEB3F913" box="[323,383,1757,1783]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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near
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386BF4F91FFDC7F912" box="[446,523,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">lahillei</emphasis>
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”) collected an unfed female from a bighorn sheep, which, along with its SCo pattern reduced to only the proximal flagellomeres, strongly suggests it is mammalophilic.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6047AF45FF98EF386A8AF8EBFE5EF862" blockId="68.[192,1440,1832,1927]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">
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<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386A8AF8EBFEFAF8A6" bold="true" box="[192,310,1832,1858]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">Life cycle.</emphasis>
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Laboratory studies by
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<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FF98EF386877F8EBFC01F8A7" author="Breidenbaugh MS & Mullens BA" box="[573,973,1832,1859]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" pagination="149 - 163" refId="ref128187" refString="Breidenbaugh MS, Mullens BA. 1999 b. Two new western Nearctic Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) described from all stages. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 101: 149 - 163." type="journal article" year="1999">Breidenbaugh and Mullens (1999b)</bibRefCitation>
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found that wild-caught
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF98EF386EACF8EAFA86F8A6" box="[1254,1354,1832,1859]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kettlei">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386EACF8EAFB3BF8A7" box="[1254,1271,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF386F4FF8EBFA86F8A6" box="[1285,1354,1832,1858]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">kettlei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
laid an average of
|
||
<specimenCount id="76FE64CCFF98EF386B71F889FE41F881" box="[315,397,1866,1893]" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" type="egg">74 eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
and the larvae fed on bacterial-feeding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF98EF38691FF889FC79F880" box="[853,949,1866,1892]" class="Secernentea" family="Rhabditidae" genus="Pelodera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rhabditida" pageId="68" pageNumber="67" phylum="Nematoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF98EF38691FF889FC79F880" box="[853,949,1866,1892]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="67">Pelodera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
nematodes and started pupating 26 d after egg hatch at 21 °C.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FF99EF396A8AFF16FA46FED7" blockId="69.[192,1440,213,308]" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396A8AFF16FE8FFF0B" bold="true" box="[192,323,213,239]" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">Symbionts.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FF99EF396B00FF15FDF1FF15" author="Mullens BA & Luhring KA & Breidenbaugh MS" box="[330,573,214,241]" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" pagination="398 - 401" refId="ref136699" refString="Mullens BA, Luhring KA, Breidenbaugh MS. 1997 b. Experimental host range studies with Heleidomermis magnapapula (Mermithidae), a parasite of Culicoides variipennis (Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association 13: 398 - 401." type="journal article" year="1997">Mullens et al. (1997b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
experimented with the potential biocontrol parasitic nematode,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF99EF396F5FFF15FE4BFEF5" class="Enoplea" family="Mermithidae" genus="Heleidomermis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mermithida" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" phylum="Nematoda" rank="species" species="magnapapula">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396F5FFF15FE4BFEF5" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">Heleidomermis magnapapula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the laboratory and found it readily penetrated but did not develop or emerge from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF99EF396F76FF3BFA6CFEF5" box="[1340,1440,247,274]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kettlei">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396F76FF3BFA82FEF6" box="[1340,1358,248,274]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396F11FF34FA6CFEF5" box="[1371,1440,247,273]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">kettlei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as “
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396ABAFED9FECEFED0" box="[240,258,282,308]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">C</emphasis>
|
||
. n. sp. near
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396BC3FEDAFE1AFED7" box="[393,470,281,307]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">lahillei</emphasis>
|
||
[Iches]”) larvae, which continued to develop to adults with no sign of the nematode.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="28E2FCCEFF99EF396A8AFE80FDDAFDAD" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FF99EF396A8AFE80FA57FEBA" blockId="69.[191,1440,323,585]" box="[192,1435,323,350]" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396A8AFE80FEFCFEB9" bold="true" box="[192,304,323,349]" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Willis Wirth referred to this species as new species number 120 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FF99EF396E45FE80FA43FEBA" author="Breidenbaugh MS & Mullens BA" box="[1039,1423,323,350]" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" pagination="149 - 163" refId="ref128187" refString="Breidenbaugh MS, Mullens BA. 1999 b. Two new western Nearctic Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) described from all stages. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 101: 149 - 163." type="journal article" year="1999">Breidenbaugh and Mullens 1999b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6047AF45FF99EF396B4AFEA7FDDAFDAD" blockId="69.[191,1440,323,585]" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF99EF396B4AFEA7FE72FE9A" box="[256,446,356,382]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kettlei">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396B4AFEA7FE72FE9A" box="[256,446,356,382]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">Culicoides kettlei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has considerable wing pattern variation (Fig. 133, 187, 188) and is often similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF99EF396F19FEA6FF20FE44" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396F19FEA6FAA9FE9B" box="[1363,1381,357,383]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396F38FEA7FF20FE44" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">stellifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 134, 135, 189); and their quantitative characters (
|
||
<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFF99EF396916FE45FC72FE44" box="[860,958,390,416]" captionStart="Table 14" captionStartId="151.[186,249,455,483]" captionText="Table 14. Quantitative characters of Culicoides. Entries to the right of the median dashed line apply only to females. Data in () are variations. Wing pattern: 0 none, + reduced, ++ extensive but faint or diffuse, +++ extensive and distinct. Eye separations are approximate in ommatidium diameters. Spermathecae “n” is the number of fully developed spermathecae, with a “v” indicating an additional vestigial spermatheca, and “ratio” is the sum of the larger’s width and length including any sclerotized neck divided by the sum of the smaller’s width and length including any sclerotized necks. Measurements and ratios are expressed as means. All data for species marked (r) and data for wing length and costal, antennal, palpal, and proboscis ratios are compiled from the description references in the species accounts, with emphasis on southwestern United States data, and supplemented or modified from borrowed and collected specimens." pageId="69" pageNumber="68">Table 14</tableCitation>
|
||
), leg-banding (
|
||
<tableCitation id="2D7A9AFEFF99EF396E23FE45FB00FE45" box="[1129,1228,390,417]" captionStart="Table 15" captionStartId="154.[192,255,214,240]" captionText="Table 15. Pale leg-banding on Culicoides. ++ = distinct, + = faint or indistinct, ± = faint to absent,? = undetermined. Shading indicates darker pigmentation. Data for species marked (r) are compiled from the literature." pageId="69" pageNumber="68">Table 15</tableCitation>
|
||
), and genitalia are nearly identical. Other than for the number of distal pale spots in m
|
||
<subScript id="FC7CAD00FF99EF3969FEFE74FC70FE21" attach="left" box="[948,956,439,453]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">1</subScript>
|
||
and the anal cell, I could find no consistent ways to distinguish adult
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF99EF396BAFFE09FD85FE00" box="[485,585,458,484]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kettlei">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396BAFFE09FE3AFE00" box="[485,502,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF39684EFE09FD85FE00" box="[516,585,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">kettlei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF99EF3968DAFE09FD32FE00" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[656,766,458,484]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF3968DAFE09FD6DFE00" box="[656,673,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF3968E5FE09FD32FE00" box="[687,766,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">stellifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, other than the lack of hypostomal teeth on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF99EF396FC2FE09FEC9FDE1" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kettlei">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396FC2FE09FA55FE00" box="[1416,1433,458,484]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396A8AFE28FEC9FDE1" box="[192,261,491,517]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">kettlei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, I could find no distinct differences between the larval and pupal descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF99EF396EF9FE2FFADBFDE1" box="[1203,1303,491,518]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kettlei">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396EF9FE2FFB0FFDE2" box="[1203,1219,492,518]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396E98FE28FADBFDE1" box="[1234,1303,491,517]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">kettlei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FF99EF396F75FE28FE30FDCC" author="Breidenbaugh MS & Mullens BA" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" pagination="149 - 163" refId="ref128187" refString="Breidenbaugh MS, Mullens BA. 1999 b. Two new western Nearctic Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) described from all stages. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 101: 149 - 163." type="journal article" year="1999">Breidenbaugh and Mullens (1999b)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF99EF3968D7FDCEFCC3FDC3" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[669,783,525,552]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF3968D7FDCEFD63FDC3" box="[669,687,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF3968F4FDCEFCC3FDC3" box="[702,783,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">stellifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FF99EF396972FDCEFBAEFDC3" author="Blanton FS & Wirth WW" box="[824,1122,525,551]" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" pagination="1 - 204" refId="ref127719" refString="Blanton FS, Wirth WW. 1979. The sand flies (Culicoides) of Florida (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Arthropods of Florida and Neighboring Land Areas 10: 1 - 204." type="journal article" year="1979">Blanton and Wirth (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0469D2B4FF99EF396ED5FDCEFECAFDAD" author="Murphree CS & Mullen GR" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" pagination="269 - 399" refId="ref137005" refString="Murphree CS, Mullen GR. 1991. Comparative larval morphology of the genus Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in North America with a key to species. Bulletin of the Society for Vector Ecology 16: 269 - 399." type="journal article" year="1991">Murphree and Mullen (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. See
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A7F8D4C6FF99EF396B76FDECFE67FDAD" baseAuthorityName="Coquillett" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[316,427,559,585]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stellifer">
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396B76FDECFE82FDAD" box="[316,334,559,585]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="528C7357FF99EF396B10FDECFE67FDAD" box="[346,427,559,585]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="68">stellifer</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remarks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |