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<document id="AC22D9AF6AC4BD5BE6EA441DB1364021" ID-CLB-Dataset="25506" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4671.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b5540ef3-598a-4f52-84c6-eec946bbf32a" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3442568" ID-ZooBank="79CA3574-90EA-4A82-8202-34242BF63D2B" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1568800807812" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lehnert, Helmut &amp; Stone, Robert P." docDate="2019" docId="E846878CFFADFFB757F6F2BFFAA6FD60" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4671.3.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4671 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Geodia arma Lehnert &amp; Stone 2019, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="393" masterDocId="147FFFF4FFA5FFBB5761F13DFFD0FF93" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="395" masterPageNumber="381" pageNumber="389" updateTime="1698755311762" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="F7C96FCE97505392AF4DCCE179E80004" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="C4BDF9EF74588D7FC937A2D5970B4ECB">Two new species of Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorina) from the Emperor Seamounts, North Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="D114F47C9DA49C4FAE9404B46C719444" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E59FBCE00A0B4D3F23B72260AA1BB5AA">
<mods:roleTerm id="435AB9A888243328716387E6BFC39F2E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="0CA8C84D47445A28CA7BFD7E383FE052">Lehnert, Helmut</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="4752FD7622838D9E7E9E13252FFD6E38" type="personal">
<mods:role id="515A7C8907251A89BD20D31A3469955A">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="09139B148C9EB153CE05B5906BDFF103">Stone, Robert P.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="EE161D7593F458E7B0D689FF26F9822E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="358DE605F8E95812C11A744F0808FB23">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="676A852B33E6E856537BB31D61DC6017">
<mods:date id="6701B3D5C9A6BE3BDC1198481E99E54C">2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="50D12E9374DEE2B0E98998BAC083F4EA" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="23D2D7B2AB8933B6C3000F1A0CB00BFD">2019-09-18</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="83486331DD4EEA07EBF50CD6F8BF891F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="2A1F1E4DB6B1D34DAAC643F50A674C33">4671</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3AA9784AFA3021EFB77B815A7BAEBC22">3</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="BB353EAAB4380992F5C58D32B83FDAF3">381</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="E9B9996D394589F29E49C776FDCB70AB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="DDC28D93AA618794BB3C782089EAD776" type="CLB-Dataset">25506</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7D6121832F35603C5027745081546F32" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4671.3.4</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="191EB400E656E702FD3937482F781FD0" type="GBIF-Dataset">b5540ef3-598a-4f52-84c6-eec946bbf32a</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D26816FD015226972F971AC5D4C5657F" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8BDA0155960ADDC5AF39C998053834E3" type="Zenodo-Dep">3442568</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="E846878CFFADFFB757F6F2BFFAA6FD60" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159608572" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E846878CFFADFFB757F6F2BFFAA6FD60" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E846878CFFADFFB757F6F2BFFAA6FD60" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
<subSubSection id="28F56511FFADFFB357F6F2BFFEAEFC0E" box="[151,382,898,925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="6050369AFFADFFB357F6F2BFFEAEFC0E" blockId="8.[151,393,898,960]" box="[151,382,898,925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
<heading id="3B1881F6FFADFFB357F6F2BFFEAEFC0E" bold="true" box="[151,382,898,925]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" reason="1">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB357F6F2BFFEAEFC0E" bold="true" box="[151,382,898,925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFADFFB357F6F2BFFEE5FC0E" authority="Lehnert &amp; Stone, 2019" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,309,898,925]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB357F6F2BFFEE5FC0E" bold="true" box="[151,309,898,925]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Geodia arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="49A857F3FFADFFB3565DF2BEFEAEFC0E" box="[316,382,899,925]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28F56511FFADFFB357F6F29BFE59FC53" box="[151,393,933,960]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" type="description">
<paragraph id="6050369AFFADFFB357F6F29BFE59FC53" blockId="8.[151,393,898,960]" box="[151,393,933,960]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
(
<figureCitation id="F8D42A1FFFADFFB357FEF29BFF3DFC53" box="[159,237,934,960]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n. sp. A, Holotype, upper surface. B, Basal-side of holotype. C, Paratype of Geodia arma, basal-side, showing extremely thick cortex and radial arrangement of choanosomal spicules towards the surface. D, Light microscopic sec- tion perpendicular to surface. Sterrasters at the upper margin belong to the cortex, long oxeas reach into the cortex from below. E, Long straight oxeon from upper left to lower right. F, Fragments of long, thin, sinuous oxeas among several sterrasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="F8D42A1FFFADFFB35670F298FEF1FC53" box="[273,289,933,960]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1664,1689]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,174,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A, Developmental stage of sterraster with some oxyasters and tylasters on the surface. B, Adult sterraster With both types of asters on the surface C, SEM photo sterraster with the hilum visible at the narrow side. D, Surface rosettes of sterrasters with both types of asters. E, SEM photo of oxyaster, showing the microacanthose rays. F, SEM photo of tylaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442578/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">5</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="2D6D0321FFADFFB3564CF29BFE51FC53" box="[301,385,934,960]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,239,607,633]" captionTargetBox="[165,2025,680,1546]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule characteristics and locality of all known Geodia species that lack triaenes, formerly genus Geodinella Lendenfeld, 1903. All measurements are in µm unless otherwise noted." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34906612FFAEFFB057F6F362FE98FD0E" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" tableUuid="34906612FFAEFFB057F6F362FE98FD0E">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28F56511FFADFFB357F6F2D0FD7DFB72" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="6050369AFFADFFB357F6F2D0FD7DFB72" blockId="8.[151,1437,1005,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB357F6F2D0FE52FB9B" bold="true" box="[151,386,1005,1032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Material examined.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="D0873CC7FFADFFB356EAF2D3FDC8FBC2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2413161190" collectingDate="2014-04-06" collectionCode="MABIK" collectorName="Chano Hwang &amp; FV Oyang" county="North Pacific Ocean" latitude="35.3367" location="Koko Guyot" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="171.5433" municipality="Emperor Seamounts" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="IV00158487" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB356EAF2D3FE28FB9B" bold="true" box="[395,504,1006,1032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
<typeStatus id="BF548838FFADFFB356EAF2D3FE28FB9B" box="[395,504,1006,1032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="06FEAE5FFFADFFB35561F2D3FD8DFB9B" box="[512,605,1006,1032]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">MABIK</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="30499EE1FFADFFB35507F2D0FD27FB9B" box="[614,759,1005,1032]" collectionCode="IV" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">IV00158487</specimenCode>
, specimen dried, collected by
<collectorName id="CD1A534CFFADFFB35333F2D3FB25FB9A" box="[1106,1269,1006,1033]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Chano Hwang</collectorName>
with a bottom trawl aboard the
<collectorName id="CD1A534CFFADFFB35635F52EFE19FBBE" box="[340,457,1043,1069]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
FV
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB3561FF52EFE19FBBE" box="[382,457,1043,1069]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Oyang</emphasis>
</collectorName>
96,
<date id="1451105AFFADFFB35698F52FFD59FBBF" box="[505,649,1042,1068]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" value="2014-04-06">
<collectingDate id="0415E9B2FFADFFB35698F52FFD59FBBF" box="[505,649,1042,1068]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" value="2014-04-06">
6 April
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFADFFB3552FF52FFD59FBBF" box="[590,649,1042,1068]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.014298" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="2014298.0">2014</quantity>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, 298 m depth,
<location id="65306041FFADFFB3544FF52FFC6CFBBF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E846878CFFADFFB757F6F2BFFAA6FD60:65306041FFADFFB3544FF52FFC6CFBBF" box="[814,956,1042,1068]" county="North Pacific Ocean" latitude="35.3367" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="171.5433" municipality="Emperor Seamounts" name="Koko Guyot" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Koko Guyot</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="8034ACE0FFADFFB354A7F52EFB7DFBBF" box="[966,1197,1042,1069]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Emperor Seamounts</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="89314E16FFADFFB353D9F52FFA4DFBBF" box="[1208,1437,1042,1068]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">North Pacific Ocean</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate id="05DB505DFFADFFB357C1F508FE97FBC2" box="[160,327,1077,1105]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="20.202" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" precision="1" value="35.3367">35° 20.202´N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="05DB505DFFADFFB35635F50BFDC0FBC2" box="[340,528,1077,1105]" degrees="171" direction="east" minutes="32.598" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" precision="1" value="171.5433">171° 32.598´E</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="D0873CC7FFADFFB35544F50BFD78FB0A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2413161187" collectingDate="2014-04-14" collectionCode="MABIK" collectorName="Chano Hwang &amp; FV Oyang" county="North Pacific Ocean" latitude="35.48" location="Koko Guyot" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="171.3867" municipality="Emperor Seamounts" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="IV00158489" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB35544F50BFD4DFBC3" bold="true" box="[549,669,1078,1104]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
<typeStatus id="BF548838FFADFFB35544F50BFD4DFBC3" box="[549,669,1078,1104]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="06FEAE5FFFADFFB355C7F50BFCD3FBC3" box="[678,771,1078,1104]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">MABIK</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="30499EE1FFADFFB3546DF508FC4DFBC3" box="[780,925,1077,1104]" collectionCode="IV" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">IV00158489</specimenCode>
, specimen dried, collected by
<collectorName id="CD1A534CFFADFFB35398F50BFA4CFBC2" box="[1273,1436,1078,1105]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Chano Hwang</collectorName>
with a bottom trawl aboard the
<collectorName id="CD1A534CFFADFFB35690F566FDB6FBE6" box="[497,614,1115,1141]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
FV
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB3557AF566FDB6FBE6" box="[539,614,1115,1141]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Oyang</emphasis>
</collectorName>
96,
<date id="1451105AFFADFFB355F4F567FCE2FBE7" box="[661,818,1114,1140]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" value="2014-04-14">
<collectingDate id="0415E9B2FFADFFB355F4F567FCE2FBE7" box="[661,818,1114,1140]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" value="2014-04-14">
14 April
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFADFFB35596F567FCE2FBE7" box="[759,818,1114,1140]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.014297" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="2014297.0">2014</quantity>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, 297 m depth,
<location id="65306041FFADFFB354B2F567FBB1FBE7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E846878CFFADFFB757F6F2BFFAA6FD60:65306041FFADFFB354B2F567FBB1FBE7" box="[979,1121,1114,1140]" county="North Pacific Ocean" latitude="35.48" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="171.3867" municipality="Emperor Seamounts" name="Koko Guyot" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Koko Guyot</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="8034ACE0FFADFFB3530AF566FA81FBE7" box="[1131,1361,1114,1141]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Emperor Seamounts</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="89314E16FFADFFB3523AF567FEE4FB0B" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">North Pacific Ocean</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate id="05DB505DFFADFFB35622F540FE36FB0A" box="[323,486,1149,1177]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="28.800" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" precision="1" value="35.48">35° 28.800´N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="05DB505DFFADFFB35690F543FD4FFB0A" box="[497,671,1150,1177]" degrees="171" direction="east" minutes="23.202" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" precision="1" value="171.3867">171° 23.202´E</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="D0873CC7FFADFFB355D5F543FD79FB72" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2413161188" collectingDate="2014-05-05" collectionCode="MABIK" collectorName="Chano Hwang &amp; FV Oyang" county="North Pacific Ocean" latitude="35.305" location="Koko Guyot" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="171.4917" municipality="Emperor Seamounts" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" specimenCode="IV00158492" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectionCode id="06FEAE5FFFADFFB355D5F543FCC1FB0B" box="[692,785,1150,1176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">MABIK</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="30499EE1FFADFFB35479F540FC79FB0B" box="[792,937,1149,1176]" collectionCode="IV" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">IV00158492</specimenCode>
, specimen dried, collected by
<collectorName id="CD1A534CFFADFFB3539AF543FA4CFB0A" box="[1275,1436,1150,1177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Chano Hwang</collectorName>
with a bottom trawl aboard the
<collectorName id="CD1A534CFFADFFB35699F59EFDBDFB2E" box="[504,621,1187,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
FV
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB35543F59EFDBDFB2E" box="[546,621,1187,1213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Oyang</emphasis>
</collectorName>
96,
<date id="1451105AFFADFFB355FFF59CFCF9FB2F" box="[670,809,1185,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" value="2014-05-05">
<collectingDate id="0415E9B2FFADFFB355FFF59CFCF9FB2F" box="[670,809,1185,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" value="2014-05-05">
5 May
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFADFFB3558FF59FFCF9FB2F" box="[750,809,1186,1212]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0143" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" unit="m" value="2014300.0">2014</quantity>
</collectingDate>
</date>
, 300 m depth,
<location id="65306041FFADFFB354AEF59FFB8DFB2F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E846878CFFADFFB757F6F2BFFAA6FD60:65306041FFADFFB354AEF59FFB8DFB2F" box="[975,1117,1186,1212]" county="North Pacific Ocean" latitude="35.305" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="171.4917" municipality="Emperor Seamounts" name="Koko Guyot" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Koko Guyot</location>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="8034ACE0FFADFFB35308F59EFA80FB2F" box="[1129,1360,1186,1213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Emperor Seamounts</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="89314E16FFADFFB3523AF59FFEE4FB73" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">North Pacific Ocean</collectingCounty>
(
<geoCoordinate id="05DB505DFFADFFB35622F5F8FE36FB72" box="[323,486,1221,1249]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="18.300" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" precision="1" value="35.305">35° 18.300´N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="05DB505DFFADFFB35693F5FBFD70FB72" box="[498,672,1221,1249]" degrees="171" direction="east" minutes="29.502" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" precision="1" value="171.4917">171° 29.502´E</geoCoordinate>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28F56511FFADFFB357A6F5D4FB94F96F" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" type="description">
<paragraph id="6050369AFFADFFB357A6F5D4FDB5F993" blockId="8.[151,1437,1005,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB357A6F5D4FE89FA97" bold="true" box="[199,345,1257,1284]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Description.</emphasis>
Three specimens of this semispherical sponge were collected and have diameters of
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFADFFB35245F5D7FA4CFA96" box="[1316,1436,1258,1285]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="3.4" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" unit="cm" value="7.7" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="3.4">3.4–12 cm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="F8D42A1FFFADFFB357FEF433FEF4FABA" box="[159,292,1294,1321]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n. sp. A, Holotype, upper surface. B, Basal-side of holotype. C, Paratype of Geodia arma, basal-side, showing extremely thick cortex and radial arrangement of choanosomal spicules towards the surface. D, Light microscopic sec- tion perpendicular to surface. Sterrasters at the upper margin belong to the cortex, long oxeas reach into the cortex from below. E, Long straight oxeon from upper left to lower right. F, Fragments of long, thin, sinuous oxeas among several sterrasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Figs. 4A, B</figureCitation>
, &amp; C). The specimens examined are half spheres with one side covered by a thick cortex and the other side with the choanosome exposed (
<figureCitation id="F8D42A1FFFADFFB3554FF40FFD1AFADF" box="[558,714,1330,1356]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n. sp. A, Holotype, upper surface. B, Basal-side of holotype. C, Paratype of Geodia arma, basal-side, showing extremely thick cortex and radial arrangement of choanosomal spicules towards the surface. D, Light microscopic sec- tion perpendicular to surface. Sterrasters at the upper margin belong to the cortex, long oxeas reach into the cortex from below. E, Long straight oxeon from upper left to lower right. F, Fragments of long, thin, sinuous oxeas among several sterrasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Figs. 4B &amp; C</figureCitation>
); probably the sponges were broken when trawling them off the substrate, we suspect we only got the upper parts of the specimens. The cortex of sterrasters is
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFADFFB353C9F468FAC9FAE2" box="[1192,1305,1365,1393]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–6 mm</quantity>
in diameter and consequently hard and inelastic (
<figureCitation id="F8D42A1FFFADFFB3555DF447FD47FA07" box="[572,663,1402,1428]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n. sp. A, Holotype, upper surface. B, Basal-side of holotype. C, Paratype of Geodia arma, basal-side, showing extremely thick cortex and radial arrangement of choanosomal spicules towards the surface. D, Light microscopic sec- tion perpendicular to surface. Sterrasters at the upper margin belong to the cortex, long oxeas reach into the cortex from below. E, Long straight oxeon from upper left to lower right. F, Fragments of long, thin, sinuous oxeas among several sterrasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
). The surface is optically smooth but rough to the touch. One specimen has the surface partially covered with wart-like, slightly elevated apertures
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFADFFB35349F4A0FB4BFA2A" box="[1064,1179,1437,1465]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="3.25" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–4 mm</quantity>
in diameter (
<figureCitation id="F8D42A1FFFADFFB35255F4A3FA40FA2B" box="[1332,1424,1438,1464]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n. sp. A, Holotype, upper surface. B, Basal-side of holotype. C, Paratype of Geodia arma, basal-side, showing extremely thick cortex and radial arrangement of choanosomal spicules towards the surface. D, Light microscopic sec- tion perpendicular to surface. Sterrasters at the upper margin belong to the cortex, long oxeas reach into the cortex from below. E, Long straight oxeon from upper left to lower right. F, Fragments of long, thin, sinuous oxeas among several sterrasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). A second specimen has smaller apertures,
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFADFFB3551AF4FCFD36FA4F" box="[635,742,1473,1500]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1mm</quantity>
in diameter. There are no other apertures visible, even when examined under a dissecting microscope.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6050369AFFADFFB357A6F737FD26F9DB" blockId="8.[151,1437,1005,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
Skeletal architecture. Choanosomal confused arrangement becomes radial towards the surface, the long oxeas reaching into the thick cortex of aspidasters (
<figureCitation id="F8D42A1FFFADFFB355EEF713FD3AF9DB" box="[655,746,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n. sp. A, Holotype, upper surface. B, Basal-side of holotype. C, Paratype of Geodia arma, basal-side, showing extremely thick cortex and radial arrangement of choanosomal spicules towards the surface. D, Light microscopic sec- tion perpendicular to surface. Sterrasters at the upper margin belong to the cortex, long oxeas reach into the cortex from below. E, Long straight oxeon from upper left to lower right. F, Fragments of long, thin, sinuous oxeas among several sterrasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6050369AFFADFFB357A6F76FFB94F96F" blockId="8.[151,1437,1005,2041]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
Spicules. Megascleres are thin, sinuous (
<figureCitation id="F8D42A1FFFADFFB355E9F76FFD0AF9FF" box="[648,730,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n. sp. A, Holotype, upper surface. B, Basal-side of holotype. C, Paratype of Geodia arma, basal-side, showing extremely thick cortex and radial arrangement of choanosomal spicules towards the surface. D, Light microscopic sec- tion perpendicular to surface. Sterrasters at the upper margin belong to the cortex, long oxeas reach into the cortex from below. E, Long straight oxeon from upper left to lower right. F, Fragments of long, thin, sinuous oxeas among several sterrasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
) to thicker, almost-straight oxeas to strongyloxeas (
<figureCitation id="F8D42A1FFFADFFB35272F76FFAB7F9FF" box="[1299,1383,1618,1644]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n. sp. A, Holotype, upper surface. B, Basal-side of holotype. C, Paratype of Geodia arma, basal-side, showing extremely thick cortex and radial arrangement of choanosomal spicules towards the surface. D, Light microscopic sec- tion perpendicular to surface. Sterrasters at the upper margin belong to the cortex, long oxeas reach into the cortex from below. E, Long straight oxeon from upper left to lower right. F, Fragments of long, thin, sinuous oxeas among several sterrasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
) in a wide size range, 280 to over 6000
<date id="1451105AFFADFFB35574F74AFDBFF903" box="[533,623,1654,1681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" value="1942-10-16">
x
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFADFFB35548F74BFDBFF903" box="[553,623,1654,1680]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="42.0" valueMin="16.0">16–42</quantity>
</date>
µm. Long oxeas are mostly broken in spicule preparations so the lengths are hard to measure as one has to follow the course of the spicules in the slide preparations. Microscleres are oval sterrasters (
<figureCitation id="F8D42A1FFFADFFB35676F783FEABF94B" box="[279,379,1726,1752]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[231,1357,553,1890]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Geodia arma n. sp. A, Holotype, upper surface. B, Basal-side of holotype. C, Paratype of Geodia arma, basal-side, showing extremely thick cortex and radial arrangement of choanosomal spicules towards the surface. D, Light microscopic sec- tion perpendicular to surface. Sterrasters at the upper margin belong to the cortex, long oxeas reach into the cortex from below. E, Long straight oxeon from upper left to lower right. F, Fragments of long, thin, sinuous oxeas among several sterrasters." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442576/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Figs. 4D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="F8D42A1FFFADFFB356E4F780FE39F94B" box="[389,489,1725,1753]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1664,1689]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,174,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A, Developmental stage of sterraster with some oxyasters and tylasters on the surface. B, Adult sterraster With both types of asters on the surface C, SEM photo sterraster with the hilum visible at the narrow side. D, Surface rosettes of sterrasters with both types of asters. E, SEM photo of oxyaster, showing the microacanthose rays. F, SEM photo of tylaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442578/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">5A, B, C</figureCitation>
), 118–158–171 x 202–221–
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFADFFB35443F783FCA9F94A" box="[802,889,1726,1753]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.43" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="243.0">243 µm</quantity>
, oxyasters with microacanthose rays (
<figureCitation id="F8D42A1FFFADFFB3527EF783FF7BF96E" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1664,1689]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,174,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A, Developmental stage of sterraster with some oxyasters and tylasters on the surface. B, Adult sterraster With both types of asters on the surface C, SEM photo sterraster with the hilum visible at the narrow side. D, Surface rosettes of sterrasters with both types of asters. E, SEM photo of oxyaster, showing the microacanthose rays. F, SEM photo of tylaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442578/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Figs. 5D &amp; E</figureCitation>
), 18–20–
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFADFFB35675F7DFFE8DF96E" box="[276,349,1762,1789]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" unit="mm" value="23.0">23 µm</quantity>
in diameter and, tylasters (
<figureCitation id="F8D42A1FFFADFFB355EDF7DFFCF4F96E" box="[652,804,1761,1789]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1664,1689]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1645]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1435,174,1645]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. A, Developmental stage of sterraster with some oxyasters and tylasters on the surface. B, Adult sterraster With both types of asters on the surface C, SEM photo sterraster with the hilum visible at the narrow side. D, Surface rosettes of sterrasters with both types of asters. E, SEM photo of oxyaster, showing the microacanthose rays. F, SEM photo of tylaster." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442578/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Figs. 5D &amp; F</figureCitation>
),
<date id="1451105AFFADFFB35459F7DFFC5BF96F" box="[824,907,1762,1788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" value="2011-09-08">
8–9–
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</date>
µm in diameter.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28F56511FFADFFB757A6F638FBBBFD38" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="393" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="6050369AFFADFFB257A6F638FBB5FD88" blockId="8.[151,1437,1005,2041]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,153,539]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="390" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB357A6F638FE9CF8B3" bold="true" box="[199,332,1797,1824]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Discussion.</emphasis>
We compared the new species with all other species of
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFADFFB354A5F63BFBC6F8B3" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[964,1046,1798,1824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB354A5F63BFBC6F8B3" box="[964,1046,1798,1824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Geodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacking triaenes, a genus formerly referred to as
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFADFFB35657F617FE62F8D7" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1903" box="[310,434,1834,1860]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB35657F617FE62F8D7" box="[310,434,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Geodinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The genus
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFADFFB3555EF617FD6BF8D7" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1903" box="[575,699,1834,1860]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB3555EF617FD6BF8D7" box="[575,699,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Geodinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was erected by
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFADFFB35417F617FB91F8D7" author="Lendenfeld, R. Von" box="[886,1089,1834,1860]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref7957" refString="Lendenfeld, R. Von (1903) Porifera. Tetraxonia. In: Schulze, F. E. (Ed.), Das Tierreich. Vol. 19. Friedlander, Berlin, pp. vi-xv + 1 - 168." type="book chapter" year="1903">Lendenfeld (1903</bibRefCitation>
, p. 117) for
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFADFFB353B1F617FEF7F8FB" authority="Thiele, 1898" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1898" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB353B1F617FA4DF8D7" box="[1232,1437,1834,1860]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Geodia cylindrica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFADFFB357F6F673FEF7F8FB" author="Thiele, J." box="[151,295,1870,1896]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref8645" refString="Thiele, J. (1898) Studien uber pazifische Spongien. I. Japanische Demospongien. Zoologica. Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Zoologie, Stuttgart, 24 (1), 1 - 72, pls. I-VIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 106767" type="journal article" year="1898">Thiele, 1898</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, a species with reduced triaenes, with the clads of triaenes reduced to two or less so that these spicules resemble diaenes, monaenes, styles or tylostyles.
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFADFFB355B5F64FFC8AF81F" author="Uriz, M. J." box="[724,858,1906,1932]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" pagination="134 - 140" refId="ref8729" refString="Uriz, M. J. (2002) Family Geodiidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 134 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="2002">Uriz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
did not consider
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFADFFB35349F64FFB74F81F" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1903" box="[1064,1188,1906,1932]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB35349F64FFB74F81F" box="[1064,1188,1906,1932]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Geodinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a valid genus and listed it among the synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFADFFB35564F6ABFD87F823" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[517,599,1942,1968]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB35564F6ABFD87F823" box="[517,599,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Geodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(p. 138) which is likely the reason why
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFADFFB3537BF6AAFACAF823" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Rutzler, K. &amp; de Voogd, N. J. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Pisera, A. B. &amp; Manconi, R. &amp; Schonberg, C. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Picton, B. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Vacelet, J. &amp; Dohrmann, M. &amp; Diaz, M. - C. &amp; Cardenas, P. &amp; Carballo, J. L. &amp; Rios, P. &amp; Downey, R." box="[1050,1306,1942,1969]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" refId="ref8815" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schonberg, C., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. - C., Cardenas, P., Carballo, J. L., Rios, P. &amp; Downey, R. (2018) World Porifera Database. Stryphnus niger Sollas, 1886. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / porifera. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 133990 (accessed 17 July 2018)" type="url" year="2018">
Van Soest
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB353F1F6AAFB18F823" box="[1168,1224,1942,1968]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
also regard
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFADFFB357F6F687FEC3F847" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,275,1978,2004]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB357F6F687FEC3F847" box="[151,275,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Geodinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a synonym of
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFADFFB356BDF687FDFEF847" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[476,558,1978,2004]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB356BDF687FDFEF847" box="[476,558,1978,2004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Geodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However,
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFADFFB355D3F687FCE6F847" author="Uriz, M. J." box="[690,822,1978,2004]" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" pagination="134 - 140" refId="ref8729" refString="Uriz, M. J. (2002) Family Geodiidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 134 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="2002">Uriz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
in the same publication remarked regarding the genus
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFADFFB357F6F6E3FF2EF86B" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1889" box="[151,254,2014,2040]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Sidonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB357F6F6E3FF2EF86B" box="[151,254,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Sidonops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(p. 140) “Aborted triaenes as those in
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFADFFB355CBF6E3FCF6F86B" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1903" box="[682,806,2014,2040]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB355CBF6E3FCF6F86B" box="[682,806,2014,2040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Geodinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have also been described in some species of
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFADFFB3527DF6E2FA87F86B" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1880" box="[1308,1367,2015,2040]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="8" pageNumber="389" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB3527DF6E2FA87F86B" box="[1308,1367,2015,2040]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Isops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFADFFB25205F6E2FF6BFF20" italics="true" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="390" pageId="8" pageNumber="389">Geo- dia</emphasis>
, and
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB2579BF1A4FEB1FF20" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1889" box="[250,353,153,179]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Sidonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB2579BF1A4FEB1FF20" box="[250,353,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Sidonops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and, consequently, this character has no diagnostic value. As the inhalant orifices of
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB25241F1A4FA4CFF20" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1903" box="[1312,1436,153,179]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB25241F1A4FA4CFF20" box="[1312,1436,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Geodinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are uniporal and the oscula are cribriporal, this genus becomes synonymous of
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB2537DF180FB53FF44" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1889" box="[1052,1155,189,215]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Sidonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB2537DF180FB53FF44" box="[1052,1155,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Sidonops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.” So
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFACFFB253A5F180FA99FF44" author="Uriz, M. J." box="[1220,1353,189,215]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" pagination="134 - 140" refId="ref8729" refString="Uriz, M. J. (2002) Family Geodiidae Gray, 1867. In: Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Van Soest, R. W. M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 134 - 140. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4615 - 0747 - 5 _ 14" type="book chapter" year="2002">Uriz (2002)</bibRefCitation>
argued that
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB257A8F1DCFE95FF68" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1903" box="[201,325,225,251]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB257A8F1DCFE95FF68" box="[201,325,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Geodinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB25555F1DCFD4BFF68" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1889" box="[564,667,225,251]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Sidonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB25555F1DCFD4BFF68" box="[564,667,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Sidonops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but listed
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB25473F1DCFC5EFF68" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1903" box="[786,910,225,251]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB25473F1DCFC5EFF68" box="[786,910,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Geodinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
among the synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB253CBF1DCFB2CFF68" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[1194,1276,225,251]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB253CBF1DCFB2CFF68" box="[1194,1276,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Geodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The question regarding assignment of
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB256D3F038FDFEFE8C" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1903" box="[434,558,261,287]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB256D3F038FDFEFE8C" box="[434,558,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Geodinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB25537F038FD78FE8C" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[598,680,261,287]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB25537F038FD78FE8C" box="[598,680,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Geodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB255B3F038FCE9FE8C" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1889" box="[722,825,261,287]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Sidonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB255B3F038FCE9FE8C" box="[722,825,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Sidonops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be irrelevant when taking into consideration the publications of
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFACFFB25622F014FDE2FED0" author="Cardenas, P. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Schander, C. &amp; Tendal, O. S." box="[323,562,297,323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" pagination="89 - 106" refId="ref7171" refString="Cardenas, P., Rapp, H. T., Schander, C. &amp; Tendal, O. S. (2010) Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) - combining phylogenetic and Linnaean classification. Zoologica Scripta, 39 (1), 89 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2009.00402. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Cárdenas
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB256D0F017FE38FED0" box="[433,488,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">et al.</emphasis>
(2010
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFACFFB2555DF014FDA8FED0" author="Cardenas, P. &amp; Xavier, J. R. &amp; Reveillaud, J. &amp; Schander, C. &amp; Rapp, H. T." box="[572,632,297,323]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" pagination="18318" refId="ref7246" refString="Cardenas, P., Xavier, J. R., Reveillaud, J., Schander, C. &amp; Rapp, H. T. (2011) Molecular phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiae) reveals an unexpected high level of spicule homoplasy. PLoS ONE, 6 (4), e 18318. https: // doi. org / 10.1371 / journal. pone. 0018318" type="journal article" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
). Based on genetic sequences and morphological characters they suggest to synonymize the genera
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB256D9F070FDDAFEF4" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[440,522,333,359]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB256D9F070FDDAFEF4" box="[440,522,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Geodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB25576F073FD82FEF4" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1880" box="[535,594,334,359]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Isops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB25576F073FD82FEF4" box="[535,594,334,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Isops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB255E7F070FD3DFEF4" authorityName="Sollas" authorityYear="1889" box="[646,749,333,359]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Sidonops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB255E7F070FD3DFEF4" box="[646,749,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Sidonops</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
under
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB25456F070FC59FEF4" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[823,905,333,359]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB25456F070FC59FEF4" box="[823,905,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Geodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Consequently the characters uniporal/cribripo- ral apertures would lose their importance and
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB255F8F04CFCC5FE18" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1903" box="[665,789,369,395]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB255F8F04CFCC5FE18" box="[665,789,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Geodinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would either have to be regarded as a genus of its own or fall into synonymy with
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB256CDF0A8FE2EFE3C" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[428,510,405,431]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB256CDF0A8FE2EFE3C" box="[428,510,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Geodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is not within the scope of this publication to rule on this issue so we follow the current scheme outlined in
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFACFFB256A8F084FD1DFE40" author="Van Soest, R. W. M. &amp; Boury-Esnault, N. &amp; Hooper, J. N. A. &amp; Rutzler, K. &amp; de Voogd, N. J. &amp; Alvarez, B. &amp; Hajdu, E. &amp; Pisera, A. B. &amp; Manconi, R. &amp; Schonberg, C. &amp; Klautau, M. &amp; Picton, B. &amp; Kelly, M. &amp; Vacelet, J. &amp; Dohrmann, M. &amp; Diaz, M. - C. &amp; Cardenas, P. &amp; Carballo, J. L. &amp; Rios, P. &amp; Downey, R." box="[457,717,441,467]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" refId="ref8815" refString="Van Soest, R. W. M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J. N. A., Rutzler, K., de Voogd, N. J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A. B., Manconi, R., Schonberg, C., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Diaz, M. - C., Cardenas, P., Carballo, J. L., Rios, P. &amp; Downey, R. (2018) World Porifera Database. Stryphnus niger Sollas, 1886. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / porifera / porifera. php? p = taxdetails &amp; id = 133990 (accessed 17 July 2018)" type="url" year="2018">
Van Soest
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB25521F087FDA8FE40" box="[576,632,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">et al.</emphasis>
(2018)
</bibRefCitation>
. For recent reviews of the
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB25498F084FBBCFE40" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1867" box="[1017,1132,441,467]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="family">Geodiidae</taxonomicName>
we refer to
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFACFFB25395F084FF32FE64" author="Cardenas, P. &amp; Rapp, H. T. &amp; Schander, C. &amp; Tendal, O. S." pageId="9" pageNumber="390" pagination="89 - 106" refId="ref7171" refString="Cardenas, P., Rapp, H. T., Schander, C. &amp; Tendal, O. S. (2010) Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) - combining phylogenetic and Linnaean classification. Zoologica Scripta, 39 (1), 89 - 106. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.2009.00402. x" type="journal article" year="2010">
Cárdenas
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB25205F087FA4DFE40" box="[1380,1437,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">et al.</emphasis>
(2010)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFACFFB25678F0E0FD9BFE64" author="Sim-Smith, C. J. &amp; Kelly, M." box="[281,587,476,503]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" refId="ref8315" refString="Sim-Smith, C. J. &amp; Kelly, M. (2015) The marine fauna of New Zealand: sponges in the family Geodiidae (Demospongiae: Astrophorina). Wellington, NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 128, 102 pp., 72 figs." type="book" year="2015">Sim-Smith &amp; Kelly (2015)</bibRefCitation>
. For the present study the “
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB254E0F0E0FC2DFE64" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1903" box="[897,1021,477,503]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB254E0F0E0FC2DFE64" box="[897,1021,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Geodinella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group” was helpful to detect species with reduced or no triaenes which we used to compare with the species described here.
</paragraph>
<caption id="34906612FFACFFB257F6F648FABAF86A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442576" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3442576" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442576/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" startId="9.[151,250,1909,1934]" targetBox="[231,1357,553,1890]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="6050369AFFACFFB257F6F648FABAF86A" blockId="9.[151,1437,1909,2042]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB257F6F648FEDCF81D" bold="true" box="[151,268,1909,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB25679F64BFE4DF81D" authority="Lehnert &amp; Stone, 2019" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[280,413,1910,1934]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB25679F64BFE4DF81D" box="[280,413,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Geodia arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB256C2F64BFE0CF81D" bold="true" box="[419,476,1910,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="49A857F3FFACFFB256C2F64BFE0CF81D" box="[419,476,1910,1934]" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A, Holotype, upper surface. B, Basal-side of holotype. C, Paratype of
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFACFFB253FEF64BFAF4F81D" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[1183,1316,1910,1934]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="9" pageNumber="390" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFACFFB253FEF64BFAF4F81D" box="[1183,1316,1910,1934]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="390">Geodia arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, basal-side, showing extremely thick cortex and radial arrangement of choanosomal spicules towards the surface. D, Light microscopic sec- tion perpendicular to surface. Sterrasters at the upper margin belong to the cortex, long oxeas reach into the cortex from below. E, Long straight oxeon from upper left to lower right. F, Fragments of long, thin, sinuous oxeas among several sterrasters.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="34906612FFAFFFB157F6F7BDFADCF972" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3442578" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3442578" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3442578/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" startId="10.[151,250,1664,1689]" targetBox="[151,1435,174,1645]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="6050369AFFAFFFB157F6F7BDFADCF972" blockId="10.[151,1436,1664,1762]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAFFFB157F6F7BDFEDCF90A" bold="true" box="[151,268,1664,1689]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
. A, Developmental stage of sterraster with some oxyasters and tylasters on the surface. B, Adult sterraster With both types of asters on the surface C, SEM photo sterraster with the hilum visible at the narrow side. D, Surface rosettes of sterrasters with both types of asters. E, SEM photo of oxyaster, showing the microacanthose rays. F, SEM photo of tylaster.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6050369AFFAFFFB157A6F62DFCF4F8E1" blockId="10.[151,1437,1807,1906]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFAFFFB157A6F62DFE8DF8BA" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[199,349,1808,1834]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAFFFB157A6F62DFE8DF8BA" box="[199,349,1808,1834]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">Geodia arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species which has oxeas which are over
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFAFFFB154D7F632FC28F8B9" box="[950,1016,1807,1834]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
in length and the width of the oxeas also includes thin, sinuous oxeas. It has the thickest cortex of all described species. The new species differs from compared congeners in the following characters (
<tableCitation id="2D6D0321FFAFFFB155DEF66AFCC7F8E1" box="[703,791,1879,1906]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="11.[151,239,607,633]" captionTargetBox="[165,2025,680,1546]" captionText="TABLE 2. Spicule characteristics and locality of all known Geodia species that lack triaenes, formerly genus Geodinella Lendenfeld, 1903. All measurements are in µm unless otherwise noted." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34906612FFAEFFB057F6F362FE98FD0E" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" tableUuid="34906612FFAEFFB057F6F362FE98FD0E">Table 2</tableCitation>
):
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6050369AFFAFFFB157F6F69DFBEFF84D" blockId="10.[151,1436,1951,2014]" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFAFFFB157F6F69DFEFCF829" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1898" box="[151,300,1951,1978]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAFFFB157F6F69DFF7BF829" bold="true" box="[151,171,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAFFFB157D8F6A2FEFCF829" bold="true" box="[185,300,1951,1978]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">cylindrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only one category of oxeas (only half the length of the shorter oxeas of
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFAFFFB15319F69DFB05F82A" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[1144,1237,1952,1978]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="10" pageNumber="391" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAFFFB15319F69DFB5CF829" box="[1144,1164,1952,1978]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAFFFB153FBF69DFB05F82A" box="[1178,1237,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="391">arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), plagiomon- and -diaenes, smaller sterrasters, a considerably thinner cortex, and no oxyasters.
</paragraph>
<caption id="34906612FFAEFFB057F6F362FE98FD0E" ID-Table-UUID="34906612FFAEFFB057F6F362FE98FD0E" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/34906612FFAEFFB057F6F362FE98FD0E" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" targetBox="[165,2025,680,1546]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="6050369AFFAEFFB057F6F362FE98FD0E" blockId="11.[151,2038,607,669]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAEFFB057F6F362FEDAFDEA" bold="true" box="[151,266,607,633]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Spicule characteristics and locality of all known
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFAEFFB0547CF362FCBCFDEA" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1815" box="[797,876,607,633]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAEFFB0547CF362FCBCFDEA" box="[797,876,607,633]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Geodia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species that lack triaenes, formerly genus
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFAEFFB05254F362F9A3FDEA" authority="Lendenfeld, 1903" authorityName="Lendenfeld" authorityYear="1903" box="[1333,1651,607,633]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tetractinellida" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAEFFB05254F362FA7CFDEA" box="[1333,1452,607,633]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Geodinella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFAEFFB052D3F362F9A3FDEA" author="Lendenfeld, R. Von" box="[1458,1651,607,633]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="1 - 168" refId="ref7957" refString="Lendenfeld, R. Von (1903) Porifera. Tetraxonia. In: Schulze, F. E. (Ed.), Das Tierreich. Vol. 19. Friedlander, Berlin, pp. vi-xv + 1 - 168." type="book chapter" year="1903">Lendenfeld, 1903</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. All measurements are in µm unless otherwise noted.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="6050369AFFAEFFB057C4F395FDB4F999" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<table id="12EFC43AFFAE004457C4F395F839F999" box="[165,2025,680,1546]" gridcols="7" gridrows="19" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F395F839FD52" box="[165,2025,680,705]" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004457C4F395FEA8FD52" box="[165,376,680,705]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Species, authority</th>
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF395FD79FD52" box="[413,681,680,705]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Megascleres 1</th>
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004455A9F395FC0EFD52" box="[712,990,680,705]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Megascleres 2</th>
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF395FB06FD52" box="[1023,1238,680,705]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Sterrasters &amp; cor-</th>
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE00445395F395F99DFD52" box="[1268,1613,680,705]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Oxyasters</th>
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044510FF395F8C7FD52" box="[1646,1815,680,705]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Tylasters</th>
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044505CF395F839FD52" box="[1853,2025,680,705]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAEFFB0505CF395F846FD52" bold="true" box="[1853,1942,680,705]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Locality</emphasis>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F3F1F839FD76" box="[165,2025,716,741]" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF3F1FB06FD76" box="[1023,1238,716,741]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAEFFB0549EF3F1FB59FD76" bold="true" box="[1023,1161,716,741]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">tex thickness</emphasis>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F3D0F839FC95" box="[165,2025,749,774]" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004457C4F3D0FEA8FC95" box="[165,376,749,774]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFAEFFB057C4F3D0FE8DFC95" authorityName="Thiele" authorityYear="1898" box="[165,349,749,774]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAEFFB057C4F3D0FE8DFC95" box="[165,349,749,774]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Geodia cylindrica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF3D0FD79FC95" box="[413,681,749,774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
800–
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB056B1F3D0FD8AFC95" box="[464,602,749,774]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="1000-10-25" valueMax="1000-10-30" valueMin="1000-10-25">1000 x 25–30</date>
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004455A9F3D0FC0EFC95" box="[712,990,749,774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Plagiomon- and diaenes,</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF3D0FB06FC95" box="[1023,1238,749,774]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">180 x 145 x 115,</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE00445395F3D0F99DFC95" box="[1268,1613,749,774]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">None</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044510FF3D0F8C7FC95" box="[1646,1815,749,774]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">7–8</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044505CF3D0F839FC95" box="[1853,2025,749,774]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
Enoshima,
<collectingCountry id="18F8760AFFAEFFB050CEF3D0F839FC95" box="[1967,2025,749,774]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Japan</collectingCountry>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F22CF839FCD8" box="[165,2025,785,843]" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004457C4F22CFEA8FCD8" box="[165,376,785,843]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFAEFFB057C4F22CFEF6FCB9" author="Thiele, J." box="[165,294,785,810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref8645" refString="Thiele, J. (1898) Studien uber pazifische Spongien. I. Japanische Demospongien. Zoologica. Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Zoologie, Stuttgart, 24 (1), 1 - 72, pls. I-VIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 106767" type="journal article" year="1898">Thiele, 1898</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAEFFB057C4F20FFE9FFCD8" box="[165,335,818,843]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Geodia hyotania</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF22CFD79FCD8" box="[413,681,785,843]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFAEFFB056FCF20FFDCAFCD8" authority="Oxeas, 1500" authorityName="Oxeas" authorityYear="1500" box="[413,538,818,843]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hyotania">Oxeas, 1500</taxonomicName>
–2300 x
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004455A9F22CFC0EFCD8" box="[712,990,785,843]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">same size as oxeas Styles and subtylostyles,</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF22CFB06FCD8" box="[1023,1238,785,843]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">cortex ca. 300 thick 100–140 x 130–170,</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE00445395F22CF99DFCD8" box="[1268,1613,785,843]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Spherasters, 12–15</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044510FF22CF8C7FCD8" box="[1646,1815,785,843]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">None</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044505CF22CF839FCD8" box="[1853,2025,785,843]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Sado Island,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F26BF839FCFC" box="[165,2025,854,879]" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004457C4F26BFEA8FCFC" box="[165,376,854,879]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
(
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFAEFFB057CDF26BFEFDFCFC" author="Tanita, S." box="[172,301,854,879]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="43 - 66" refId="ref8607" refString="Tanita, S. (1965) Report on the sponges obtained from the adjacent waters of the Sado Island, Japan Sea. Bulletin Japan Sea Regional Fisheries Research Laboratory, 14, 43 - 66." type="journal article" year="1965">Tanita, 1965</bibRefCitation>
)
</th>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF26BFD79FCFC" box="[413,681,854,879]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">32–45</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004455A9F26BFC0EFCFC" box="[712,990,854,879]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
1300–2100
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB05420F26BFCBDFCFC" box="[833,877,854,879]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="1945-10">x 45</date>
–55
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF26BFB06FCFC" box="[1023,1238,854,879]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
cortex ca.
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFAEFFB05309F26BFB72FCFC" box="[1128,1186,854,879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044505CF26BF839FCFC" box="[1853,2025,854,879]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<collectingCountry id="18F8760AFFAEFFB0505CF26BF8A7FCFC" box="[1853,1911,854,879]" name="Japan" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Japan</collectingCountry>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F247F839FC20" box="[165,2025,890,947]" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004457C4F247FEA8FC20" box="[165,376,890,947]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAEFFB057C4F2A7FE96FC20" box="[165,326,922,947]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Geodia isabella</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF247FD79FC20" box="[413,681,890,947]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFAEFFB056FCF2A7FE0FFC20" authority="Oxeas" authorityName="Oxeas" box="[413,479,922,947]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="isabella">Oxeas</taxonomicName>
, 550
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB05574F2A7FD91FC20" box="[533,577,922,947]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="2015-10">x 15</date>
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004455A9F247FC0EFC20" box="[712,990,890,947]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Oxeas, 100 x 3</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF247FB06FC20" box="[1023,1238,890,947]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
thick
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB0549EF2A7FBC8FC20" box="[1023,1048,922,947]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="1930-10-03">
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFAEFFB0549EF2A7FBC8FC20" box="[1023,1048,922,947]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" unit="in" value="30.0">30</quantity>
</date>
in diameter, cor-
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE00445395F247F99DFC20" box="[1268,1613,890,947]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Oxyspherasters, 30, ox-</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044510FF247F8C7FC20" box="[1646,1815,890,947]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">None</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044505CF247F839FC20" box="[1853,2025,890,947]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Isabel Island,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F283F839FC6B" box="[165,2025,958,1016]" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004457C4F283FEA8FC6B" box="[165,376,958,1016]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
(
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFAEFFB057CDF283FE87FC44" author="Dickinson, M. G." box="[172,343,958,983]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref7463" refString="Dickinson, M. G. (1945) Sponges of the Gulf of California. In: Reports on the collections obtained by Alan Hancock Pacific Expeditions of Velero III off the coast of Mexico, Central America, South America, and Galapagos Islands in 1932, in 1933, in 1934, in 1935, in 1936, in 1937, in 1939, and 1940. The University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles, pp. 1 - 55, pls. 1 - 97." type="book chapter" year="1945">Dickinson, 1945</bibRefCitation>
)
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAEFFB057C4F2E2FEB7FC6B" box="[165,359,991,1016]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Geodia lendenfeldi</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF283FD79FC6B" box="[413,681,958,1016]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFAEFFB056FCF2E2FE05FC6B" authority="Blunt" authorityName="Blunt" box="[413,469,991,1016]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lendenfeldi">Blunt</taxonomicName>
oxeas, also strong-
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004455A9F283FC0EFC6B" box="[712,990,958,1016]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Plagiomonaenes, ortho-</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF283FB06FC6B" box="[1023,1238,958,1016]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
tex
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFAEFFB05345F283FB8EFC44" box="[1060,1118,958,983]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
thick 180–237 x 130–200
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE00445395F283F99DFC6B" box="[1268,1613,958,1016]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">yspherasters, 5 Oxyasters and oxyspherasters,</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044510FF283F8C7FC6B" box="[1646,1815,958,1016]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">7–13</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044505CF283F839FC6B" box="[1853,2025,958,1016]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<collectingRegion id="A22BF878FFAEFFB0505CF283F85CFC44" box="[1853,1932,958,983]" country="Mexico" name="Sinaloa" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Sinaloa</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="18F8760AFFAEFFB050F4F283F832FC44" box="[1941,2018,958,983]" name="Mexico" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Mexico</collectingCountry>
Pacific Coast of
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F53EF839FB8F" box="[165,2025,1027,1052]" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" rowspan-5="1">
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004457C4F53EFEA8FB8F" box="[165,376,1027,1052]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFAEFFB057C4F53EFE87FB8F" author="Stone, R. P. &amp; Lehnert, H. &amp; Reiswig, H." box="[165,343,1027,1052]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref8565" refString="Stone, R. P., Lehnert, H. &amp; Reiswig, H. (2011) A guide to the deep-water sponges of the Aleutian Island Archipelago. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS, 12, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2011">
Stone
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAEFFB05784F53EFEC2FB8F" box="[229,274,1027,1052]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">et al</emphasis>
., 2011
</bibRefCitation>
</th>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF53EFD79FB8F" box="[413,681,1027,1052]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">yles, styles, tylotes, tylo-</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004455A9F53EFC0EFB8F" box="[712,990,1027,1052]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">and promonaenes, rhabds,</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF53EFB06FB8F" box="[1023,1238,1027,1052]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB0549EF53EFBFCFB8F" box="[1023,1068,1027,1052]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="1980-10">x 80</date>
–130, cortex 1–2
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE00445395F53EF99DFB8F" box="[1268,1613,1027,1052]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">rays occasionally bifurcate at the</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044505CF53EF839FB8F" box="[1853,2025,1027,1052]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">North America</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F51AF839FBD3" box="[165,2025,1063,1088]" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF51AFD79FBD3" box="[413,681,1063,1088]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
styles, 370–2500
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB0552EF51AFDACFBD3" box="[591,636,1063,1088]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="1940-10">x 40</date>
–80
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004455A9F51AFC0EFBD3" box="[712,990,1063,1088]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
1100–2100
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB05421F51AFC44FBD3" box="[832,916,1063,1088]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="1942-10-26">x 26–42</date>
, clades
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF51AFB06FBD3" box="[1023,1238,1063,1088]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">mm thick</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE00445395F51AF99DFBD3" box="[1268,1613,1063,1088]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
ends, ends microspined,
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFAEFFB0528CF51AF9EAFBD3" box="[1517,1594,1063,1088]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" metricValueMax="9.906" metricValueMin="2.286" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" unit="in" value="24.0" valueMax="39.0" valueMin="9.0">9–39 in</quantity>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F576F839FBF7" box="[165,2025,1099,1124]" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004455A9F576FC0EFBF7" box="[712,990,1099,1124]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">30–105 long</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE00445395F576F99DFBF7" box="[1268,1613,1099,1124]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">total diameter, “size in inverse</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F552F839FB3A" box="[165,2025,1135,1193]" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004457C4F552FEA8FB3A" box="[165,376,1135,1193]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAEFFB057C4F5ADFEA8FB3A" box="[165,376,1168,1193]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Geodia spherastrosa</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF552FD79FB3A" box="[413,681,1135,1193]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFAEFFB056FCF5ADFDCCFB3A" authority="Oxeas, 2700" authorityName="Oxeas" authorityYear="2700" box="[413,540,1168,1193]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spherastrosa">Oxeas, 2700</taxonomicName>
–3700 x
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004455A9F552FC0EFB3A" box="[712,990,1135,1193]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Triaenes resembling tylo-</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF552FB06FB3A" box="[1023,1238,1135,1193]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">170–180 x 150–160,</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE00445395F552F99DFB3A" box="[1268,1613,1135,1193]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">proportion to ray number” 25–35</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044510FF552F8C7FB3A" box="[1646,1815,1135,1193]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB0510FF5ADF943FB3A" box="[1646,1683,1168,1193]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="1935-09-08">8–9</date>
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044505CF552F839FB3A" box="[1853,2025,1135,1193]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<collectingCountry id="18F8760AFFAEFFB0505CF5ADF87FFB3A" box="[1853,1967,1168,1193]" name="Philippines" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Philippines</collectingCountry>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F589F839FB7D" box="[165,2025,1204,1262]" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004457C4F589FEA8FB7D" box="[165,376,1204,1262]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
(
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFAEFFB057CDF589FEE9FB5E" author="Wilson, H. V." box="[172,313,1204,1229]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="273 - 532" refId="ref8977" refString="Wilson, H. V. (1925) Silicious and horny sponges collected by the U. S. Fisheries Steamer ' Albatross' during the Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 10. In: Contributions to the biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 100 (2), Part 4), pp. 273 - 532, pls. 37 - 52." type="journal article" year="1925">Wilson, 1925</bibRefCitation>
)*
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAEFFB057C4F5E8FEB1FB7D" box="[165,353,1237,1262]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Geodia vestigifera</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF589FD79FB7D" box="[413,681,1204,1262]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
60–70
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFAEFFB056FCF5E8FE08FB7D" authority="Thick" authorityName="Thick" box="[413,472,1237,1262]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vestigifera">Thick</taxonomicName>
oxeas,
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB05545F5E8FDBAFB7D" box="[548,618,1237,1262]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="2000-10">2000 x</date>
120,
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004455A9F589FC0EFB7D" box="[712,990,1204,1262]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
styles, 2400–2900
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB054E6F589FC63FB5E" box="[903,947,1204,1229]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="1940-10">x 40</date>
–60 Triaenes resembling styles,
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF589FB06FB7D" box="[1023,1238,1204,1262]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
cortex
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFAEFFB05325F589FBAEFB5E" box="[1092,1150,1204,1229]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
thick 120 x 140, cortex
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE00445395F589F99DFB7D" box="[1268,1613,1204,1262]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Large oxyasters, microspined</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044510FF589F8C7FB7D" box="[1646,1815,1204,1262]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Strongylasters,</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044505CF589F839FB7D" box="[1853,2025,1204,1262]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Spirits Bay,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F5C4F839FA81" box="[165,2025,1273,1298]" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004457C4F5C4FEA8FA81" box="[165,376,1273,1298]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
(
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFAEFFB057CDF5C4FEE0FA81" author="Dendy, A." box="[172,304,1273,1298]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="269 - 392" refId="ref7419" refString="Dendy, A. (1924) Porifera. Part I. Non-Antarctic sponges. Natural History Report. British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 6 (3), 269 - 392, pls. I-XV." type="journal article" year="1924">Dendy, 1924</bibRefCitation>
)
</th>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF5C4FD79FA81" box="[413,681,1273,1298]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
thin oxeas
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB05565F5C4FDBCFA81" box="[516,620,1273,1298]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="1900-10-20">1900 x 20</date>
, short
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004455A9F5C4FC0EFA81" box="[712,990,1273,1298]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB055A9F5C4FCFFFA81" box="[712,815,1273,1298]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="1400-10-25">1400 x 25</date>
, rare anatriaenes
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF5C4FB06FA81" box="[1023,1238,1273,1298]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFAEFFB0549EF5C4FB88FA81" box="[1023,1112,1273,1298]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" unit="mm" value="0.85">0.85 mm</quantity>
thick
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE00445395F5C4F99DFA81" box="[1268,1613,1273,1298]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
rays,
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFAEFFB0524BF5C4FA8EFA81" box="[1322,1374,1273,1298]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6256" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" unit="in" value="64.0">64 in</quantity>
diameter, small ox-
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044510FF5C4F8C7FA81" box="[1646,1815,1273,1298]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">24, strongy-</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044505CF5C4F839FA81" box="[1853,2025,1273,1298]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<collectingCountry id="18F8760AFFAEFFB0505CF5C4F815FA81" box="[1853,1989,1273,1298]" name="New Zealand" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F420F839FAA5" box="[165,2025,1309,1334]" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF420FD79FAA5" box="[413,681,1309,1334]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
oxeas, 480
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB0556EF420FDEBFAA5" box="[527,571,1309,1334]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="2017-10">x 17</date>
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004455A9F420FC0EFAA5" box="[712,990,1309,1334]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">(possibly foreign)</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE00445395F420F99DFAA5" box="[1268,1613,1309,1334]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">yasters (dimensions not provid-</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044510FF420F8C7FAA5" box="[1646,1815,1309,1334]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">lospherasters, 12</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F47CF839FAC9" box="[165,2025,1345,1370]" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE00445395F47CF99DFAC9" box="[1268,1613,1345,1370]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">ed), regarded as juvenile forms by</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F458F839FA0D" box="[165,2025,1381,1438]" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004457C4F458FEA8FA0D" box="[165,376,1381,1438]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFAEFFB057C4F4B8FEFBFA0D" authority="Lehnert &amp; Stone, 2019" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[165,299,1413,1438]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAEFFB057C4F4B8FEFBFA0D" box="[165,299,1413,1438]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Geodia arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFAEFFB05653F4B8FEBBFA0D" bold="true" box="[306,363,1413,1438]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="49A857F3FFAEFFB05653F4B8FEBBFA0D" box="[306,363,1413,1438]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF458FD79FA0D" box="[413,681,1381,1438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Sinuous, thin to almost-</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004455A9F458FC0EFA0D" box="[712,990,1381,1438]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">None</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF458FB06FA0D" box="[1023,1238,1381,1438]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">118–171 x 202–243,</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE00445395F458F99DFA0D" box="[1268,1613,1381,1438]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFAEFFB05395F458FA51FAED" author="Dendy, A." box="[1268,1409,1381,1406]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="269 - 392" refId="ref7419" refString="Dendy, A. (1924) Porifera. Part I. Non-Antarctic sponges. Natural History Report. British Antarctic (Terra Nova) Expedition, 1910, Zoology, 6 (3), 269 - 392, pls. I-XV." type="journal article" year="1924">Dendy (1924)</bibRefCitation>
18–23
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044510FF458F8C7FA0D" box="[1646,1815,1381,1438]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB0510FF4B8F94FFA0D" box="[1646,1695,1413,1438]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="2018-08-23" valueMax="2018-11-23" valueMin="2018-08-23">8–11</date>
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044505CF458F839FA0D" box="[1853,2025,1381,1438]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Emperor</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F494F839FA51" box="[165,2025,1449,1474]" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF494FD79FA51" box="[413,681,1449,1474]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">straight, thick oxeas in a</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF494FB06FA51" box="[1023,1238,1449,1474]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
cortex
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFAEFFB05325F494FB7BFA51" box="[1092,1195,1449,1474]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" unit="mm" value="3.75" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–6 mm</quantity>
</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044505CF494F839FA51" box="[1853,2025,1449,1474]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">Seamounts,</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F4F0F839FA75" box="[165,2025,1485,1510]" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1">
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004456FCF4F0FD79FA75" box="[413,681,1485,1510]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">wide size range (280 to</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044549EF4F0FB06FA75" box="[1023,1238,1485,1510]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">thick</td>
<td id="9D0E5DA4FFAE0044505CF4F0F839FA75" box="[1853,2025,1485,1510]" gridcol="6" gridrow="17" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">North Pacific</td>
</tr>
<tr id="DEDF34D8FFAE004457C4F4CCF839F999" box="[165,2025,1521,1546]" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<th id="9D0E5DA4FFAE004457C4F4CCF839F999" box="[165,2025,1521,1546]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
over 6000
<date id="1451105AFFAEFFB05568F4CCFD8DF999" box="[521,605,1521,1546]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" value="1942-10-16">x 16–42</date>
)
</th>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6050369AFFAEFFB057F6F72FFD82F9BF" blockId="11.[151,594,1554,1580]" box="[151,594,1554,1580]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392">
<tableNote id="9D093714FFAEFFB057F6F72FFD82F9BF" box="[151,594,1554,1580]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" targetBox="[165,2025,680,1546]" targetPageId="11">
*: measurements from
<bibRefCitation id="047E4B6BFFAEFFB056EDF72FFD82F9BF" author="Levi, C. &amp; Levi, P." box="[396,594,1554,1580]" pageId="11" pageNumber="392" pagination="25 - 103" refId="ref8135" refString="Levi, C. &amp; Levi, P. (1989) Spongiaires (MUSORSTOM 1 &amp; 2). In: Forest, J. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM 4. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Serie A, Zoologie, 143, pp. 25 - 103." type="journal article" year="1989">Lévi &amp; Lévi, 1989</bibRefCitation>
</tableNote>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6050369AFFA9FFB757F6F1A4FBBBFF44" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB757F6F1A4FEF0FF20" authorityName="Oxeas" authorityYear="1500" box="[151,288,152,179]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="hyotania">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB757F6F1A4FF7BFF20" bold="true" box="[151,171,153,179]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB757DAF1A5FEF0FF20" bold="true" box="[187,288,152,179]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">hyotania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only one category of oxeas, additional styles and subtylostyles, sterrasters are much smaller, the cortex is thinner, smaller spherasters than the oxeas of
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB75429F180FC75FF44" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[840,933,189,215]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB75429F180FC75FF44" box="[840,933,189,215]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G. arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and no tylasters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6050369AFFA9FFB757F6F1DCFDBEFED0" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB757F6F1DCFEC3FF68" box="[151,275,224,251]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="isabella">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB757F6F1DCFF7BFF68" bold="true" box="[151,171,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB757DBF1DDFEC3FF68" bold="true" box="[186,275,224,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">isabella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two categories of oxeas (both approximately 1/10
<superScript id="979A9BD2FFA9FFB75414F1DDFC52FF7D" attach="left" box="[885,898,224,238]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">th</superScript>
the size in
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB75362F1DCFBB0FF68" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[1027,1120,225,251]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB75362F1DCFBC7FF68" box="[1027,1047,225,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB75344F1DFFBB0FF68" box="[1061,1120,226,251]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), sterrasters (approximately 1/7
<superScript id="979A9BD2FFA9FFB75666F039FEC4FE81" attach="left" box="[263,276,260,274]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">th</superScript>
the size in
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB756F3F038FE3FFE8C" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[402,495,261,287]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB756F3F038FE76FE8C" box="[402,422,261,287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB756D5F03BFE3FFE8C" box="[436,495,262,287]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), a thinner cortex, two categories of oxyasters (one larger and the other smaller than those in
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB75623F014FE4FFED0" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[322,415,297,323]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB75623F014FE86FED0" box="[322,342,297,323]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB75605F017FE4FFED0" box="[356,415,298,323]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and no tylasters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6050369AFFA9FFB757F6F070FC8AFE64" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB757F6F070FEEDFEF4" box="[151,317,332,359]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lendenfeldi">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB757F6F070FF7BFEF4" bold="true" box="[151,171,333,359]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB757DDF071FEEDFEF4" bold="true" box="[188,317,332,359]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">lendenfeldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has oxeas which are blunt, additional styles, strongyles, tylotes and tylostyles, spicules which do not occur and which never reach the length of the oxeas and styles in
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB75488F04CFB96FE18" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[1001,1094,369,395]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB75488F04CFB96FE18" box="[1001,1094,369,395]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G. arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The width of monaxons of
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB752E0F04CFE8FFE3C" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lendenfeldi">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB752E0F04CFE8FFE3C" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G. lendenfeldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are between
<quantity id="A7179B7FFFA9FFB75697F0A8FDBAFE3C" box="[502,618,405,431]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" unit="mm" value="60.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="40.0">40–80 µm</quantity>
and are not sinuous while the monaxons of
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB7533EF0A8FB6DFE3C" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[1119,1213,405,431]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB7533EF0A8FB6DFE3C" box="[1119,1213,405,431]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G. arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be sinuous and are considerably thinner
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB7569BF084FD49FE40" box="[506,665,441,467]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lendenfeldi">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB7569BF084FD49FE40" box="[506,665,441,467]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G. lendenfeldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has plagiomonaenes, ortho- and promonaenes which are completely missing in
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB7563FF0E0FE6BFE64" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[350,443,477,503]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB7563FF0E0FE6BFE64" box="[350,443,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G. arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB756A8F0E0FDBFFE64" box="[457,623,477,503]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="lendenfeldi">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB756A8F0E0FDBFFE64" box="[457,623,477,503]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G. Lendenfeldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a thinner cortex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6050369AFFA9FFB757F6F33CFD30FDAC" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB757F6F33CFE9BFD88" authorityName="Oxeas" authorityYear="2700" box="[151,331,512,539]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spherastrosa">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB757F6F33CFF7BFD88" bold="true" box="[151,171,513,539]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB757D8F33DFE9BFD88" bold="true" box="[185,331,512,539]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">spherastrosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has only one category of oxeas and additional reduced triaenes resembling tylostyles, smaller sterrasters, a thinner cortex, and larger oxyasters.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6050369AFFA9FFB757F6F374FBBBFD38" blockId="12.[151,1437,152,683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB757F6F374FEE0FDF0" box="[151,304,584,611]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="vestigifera">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB757F6F374FF7BFDF0" bold="true" box="[151,171,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB757D9F375FEE0FDF0" bold="true" box="[184,304,584,611]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">vestigifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has three categories of oxeas (none reaching the length of the thin, sinuous oxeas of
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB753B2F374FAFFFDF0" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[1235,1327,585,611]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB753B2F374FB37FDF0" box="[1235,1255,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB75395F377FAFFFDF0" box="[1268,1327,586,611]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), triaenes resembling styles, smaller sterrasters, a thinner cortex, two categories of oxyasters (the larger category larger than those in
<taxonomicName id="A7EF4D19FFA9FFB75618F3ACFE06FD38" authorityName="Lehnert &amp; Stone" authorityYear="2019" box="[377,470,657,683]" class="Demospongiae" family="Geodiidae" genus="Geodia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Astrophorida" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="arma">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB75618F3ACFE5DFD38" box="[377,397,657,683]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">G</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB756FAF3AFFE06FD38" box="[411,470,658,683]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">arma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), strongylasters and strongylospherasters, and no tylasters.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="28F56511FFA9FFB757A6F3E4FAA6FD60" box="[199,1398,729,755]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="6050369AFFA9FFB757A6F3E4FAA6FD60" blockId="12.[199,1398,729,755]" box="[199,1398,729,755]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">
<emphasis id="529BEA88FFA9FFB757A6F3E4FE9EFD60" bold="true" box="[199,334,729,755]" pageId="12" pageNumber="393">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named from the Latin arma—armour, referring to the unusual thick cortex of the new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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