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36. †
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<paragraph id="6D637745FF9B083EFE4CA30B542EF9EB" blockId="47.[144,884,1558,1697]" box="[424,884,1590,1617]" pageId="47" pageNumber="56">Cuban Macaw (Guacamayo Cubano)</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF9B083EFF74A36057ACF9D5" box="[144,246,1628,1648]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="56">Ara tricolor</emphasis>
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,
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Latham,
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF9B083EFDE6A361553CF9D5" box="[514,614,1628,1647]" italics="true" pageId="47" pageNumber="56">Allg. Ueber</emphasis>
. 4(1): 64, pl. 1.
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Le petit
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Ara
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,
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. 641.
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tricolor
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.
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<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF24A5BF56DBFF2E" box="[192,385,130,148]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Macrocercus aracanga</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF24A5A65629FF17" box="[192,371,154,173]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Macrocercus tricolor</emphasis>
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:
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.
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<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF24A5895609FF7C" box="[192,339,179,198]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Psittacus tricolor</emphasis>
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:
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.
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<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF24A5F15796FF65" box="[192,204,204,223]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">S</emphasis>
[
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF37A5F0565AFF65" box="[211,256,205,223]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">ittace</emphasis>
].
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<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FEF6A5F1560BFF65" box="[274,337,204,223]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">tricolor</emphasis>
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:
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, 733.
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<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF24A5D8566DFF42" box="[192,311,229,248]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Arara tricolor</emphasis>
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:
<treatmentCitation id="EC7D5154FF840821FEA7A5D85695FF42" author="Brehm, C. L." box="[323,463,229,248]" page="3" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" year="1842">
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</treatmentCitation>
.
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</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="AADC0CC6FF840821FF24A5C357A3FEAB" authorityName="Wagler" authorityYear="1832" box="[192,249,254,273]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Sittace" higherTaxonomySource="CoL,GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF24A5C357A3FEAB" box="[192,249,254,273]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Sittace</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
?
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FEECA5C35628FEAB" box="[264,370,254,273]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">lichtensteini</emphasis>
: Wagler,
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FE28A5C356B0FEAB" box="[460,490,254,273]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">fide</emphasis>
Bonaparte 1856.
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="EC7D5154FF840821FF24A42A56A4FE90" author="Wetherbee, D. K." box="[192,510,278,298]" page="174" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" year="1985">
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<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF24A42A566AFE93" box="[192,304,278,298]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Ara cubensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FED2A42B56A4FE90" author="Wetherbee, D. K." box="[310,510,278,298]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="169 - 175" refId="ref57607" refString="Wetherbee, D. K. 1985. The extinct Cuban and Hispaniolan macaws (Ara, Psittacidae), and description of a new species, Ara cubensis. Carib. J. Sci. 21: 169 - 175." type="journal article" year="1985">Wetherbee, 1985: 174</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF24A46E563CFED1" bold="true" box="[192,358,339,363]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">
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specimen
</emphasis>
.—Neontological material (extinct during second half of 19th century): adult mounted, MNHN CG 2000726, with no date, precise locality, or collector (see
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Kirkconnell
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FEFEA4AE561FFE11" box="[282,325,403,427]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
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, pl. 58).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D637745FF840821FF24A48F563BFDF1" blockId="48.[144,1165,339,1067]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF24A48F56D6FE70" bold="true" box="[192,396,434,458]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Referred material</emphasis>
.—
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FE4FA48F56B0FE70" bold="true" box="[427,490,434,458]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Skull</emphasis>
: lacking zygomatic arches, right portion of frontal area, and most of bone around otic regions,
<collectionCode id="0BCDEF80FF840821FDABA4EE5524FE51" box="[591,638,467,491]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12582" name="Amherst College, Beneski Museum of Natural History" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" type="University or college">AC-</collectionCode>
7 (
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FD7EA4EE5359FE51" author="Olson, S. L. &amp; Suarez, W." box="[666,1027,467,491]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="287 - 290" refId="ref54171" refString="Olson, S. L. &amp; Suarez, W. 2008 b. A fossil cranium of the Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor (Aves: Psittacidae) from Villa Clara province, Cuba. Carib. J. Sci. 44: 287 - 290." type="journal article" year="2008">Olson &amp; Suárez 2008b: 287288</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 1B: top [ventral], middle [dorsal], bottom [lateral]); rostrum, IGP/ACC unnumbered, at
<collectionCode id="0BCDEF80FF840821FBD6A4CE53D6FDB1" box="[1074,1164,499,523]" country="Cuba" name="Coleccion Zoologia, Academia de Ciencias de Cuba" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">CZACC</collectionCode>
(
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FF73A72E56DFFD91" author="Arredondo, O." box="[151,389,531,555]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref47875" refString="Arredondo, O. 1984. Sinopsis de las aves halladas en depositos fosiliferos pleisto-holocenicos de Cuba. Rep. Invest. Inst. Zool. 17: 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1984">Arredondo 1984: 18</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FE7BA72F5530FD90" bold="true" box="[415,618,530,554]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Carpometacarpus</emphasis>
: proximal half of right, AMNH unnumbered (
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FF73A70E560EFDF1" author="Wetmore, A." box="[151,340,563,587]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref57755" refString="Wetmore, A. 1928. Bones of birds from the Ciego Montero deposit of Cuba. Amer. Mus. Novit. 301: 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1928">Wetmore 1928: 4</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="25C624CEFF840821FF24A76F54E9FB91" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="6D637745FF840821FF24A76F555CFD71" blockId="48.[144,1165,339,1067]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF24A76F5614FDD0" bold="true" box="[192,334,594,618]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Distribution</emphasis>
.—Cave and sinkhole deposits in west and central
<collectingCountry id="15CB37D5FF840821FC71A76E548BFDD1" box="[917,977,595,619]" name="Cuba" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Cuba</collectingCountry>
(see Appendix).
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF74A74E57B4FD30" box="[144,238,627,650]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">
<collectingRegion id="AF18B9A7FF840821FF74A74E57B4FD30" box="[144,238,627,650]" country="Cuba" name="Artemisa" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Artemisa</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
. Caimito:
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FEBBA74F56CEFD30" bold="true" box="[351,404,626,650]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">ACP</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FE46A74E5525FD31" author="Arredondo, O." box="[418,639,627,651]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 35" refId="ref47875" refString="Arredondo, O. 1984. Sinopsis de las aves halladas en depositos fosiliferos pleisto-holocenicos de Cuba. Rep. Invest. Inst. Zool. 17: 1 - 35." type="journal article" year="1984">Arredondo 1984: 18</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FD6CA74E54B2FD31" author="Arredondo, O. &amp; Arredondo, C." box="[648,1000,627,651]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="9 - 14" refId="ref47937" refString="Arredondo, O. &amp; Arredondo, C. 2002 a [for 1999]. Nuevos genero y especie de ave fosil (Falconiformes: Accipitridae) del Cuaternario de Cuba. Poeyana 470 - 475: 9 - 14." type="book chapter" year="2002">Arredondo &amp; Arredondo 2002a</bibRefCitation>
: table 1, 2002b: table 1).
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF17A7AE563EFD11" box="[243,356,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">
<collectingRegion id="AF18B9A7FF840821FF17A7AE563EFD11" box="[243,356,659,683]" country="Cuba" name="Cienfuegos" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Cienfuegos</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
. Palmira:
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FE3EA7AF554EFD10" bold="true" box="[474,532,658,682]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">CCM</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FDC7A7AE55BFFD11" author="Wetmore, A." box="[547,741,659,683]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 5" refId="ref57755" refString="Wetmore, A. 1928. Bones of birds from the Ciego Montero deposit of Cuba. Amer. Mus. Novit. 301: 1 - 5." type="journal article" year="1928">Wetmore 1928: 4</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FD1EA7AE5436FD11" box="[762,876,659,683]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">
<collectingRegion id="AF18B9A7FF840821FD1EA7AE5436FD11" box="[762,876,659,683]" country="Cuba" name="Villa Clara" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Villa Clara</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
. Sagua La Grande:
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FBB5A7AF53D2FD10" bold="true" box="[1105,1160,658,682]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">VCB</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FF73A78E56A1FD71" author="Olson, S. L. &amp; Suarez, W." box="[151,507,691,715]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="287 - 290" refId="ref54171" refString="Olson, S. L. &amp; Suarez, W. 2008 b. A fossil cranium of the Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor (Aves: Psittacidae) from Villa Clara province, Cuba. Carib. J. Sci. 44: 287 - 290." type="journal article" year="2008">Olson &amp; Suárez 2008b: 287288</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D637745FF840821FF24A7EE57B2FC91" blockId="48.[144,1165,339,1067]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF24A7EE5625FD50" bold="true" box="[192,383,720,747]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">
Direct
<superScript id="9AA9DA0DFF840821FEEAA7ED5647FD64" attach="right" box="[270,285,720,734]" fontSize="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">14</superScript>
<taxonomicName id="AADC0CC6FF840821FEF9A7EE5625FD50" box="[285,383,722,747]" class="Aves" family="Caprimulgidae" genus="Caprimulgus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Caprimulgiformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dating">C dating</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.—None. For two indirect conventional dating from CCM (&gt;30,000 to 25,000 ± 2,000
<superScript id="9AA9DA0DFF840821FED2A7CD561FFD44" attach="right" box="[310,325,752,766]" fontSize="6" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">14</superScript>
C yr BP), see
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FE00A7CE558FFCB1" author="Kulp, J. L. &amp; Tryon, L. E. &amp; Eckelman, W. R. &amp; Snell, W. A." box="[484,725,755,779]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="409 - 414" refId="ref51727" refString="Kulp, J. L., Tryon, L. E., Eckelman, W. R. &amp; Snell, W. A. 1952. Lamont natural radiocarbon measurements, II. Science 116 (3016): 409 - 414." type="journal article" year="1952">
Kulp
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FDC1A7CE5509FCB1" box="[549,595,755,779]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
. (1952: 419
</bibRefCitation>
, table 2 [two samples: pine cones and wood]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6D637745FF840821FF24A60E54E9FB91" blockId="48.[144,1165,339,1067]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF24A60E5658FCF0" bold="true" box="[192,258,819,842]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Notes</emphasis>
.—Rare in Cuban Quaternary fossil localities with swampy palaeo-environmental indicators (
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FEEAA66E5553FCD1" author="Olson, S. L. &amp; Suarez, W." box="[270,521,851,875]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="287 - 290" refId="ref54171" refString="Olson, S. L. &amp; Suarez, W. 2008 b. A fossil cranium of the Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor (Aves: Psittacidae) from Villa Clara province, Cuba. Carib. J. Sci. 44: 287 - 290." type="journal article" year="2008">Olson &amp; Suárez 2008b</bibRefCitation>
). One record from a cave deposit in Mayabeque province (
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FF73A64E555EFC31" author="Arredondo, O. &amp; Arredondo, C." box="[151,516,883,907]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="15 - 21" refId="ref47979" refString="Arredondo, O. &amp; Arredondo, C. 2002 b [for 1999]. Nueva especie de ave (Falconiformes: Teratornithidae) del Pleistoceno de Cuba. Poeyana 470 - 475: 15 - 21." type="book chapter" year="2002">Arredondo &amp; Arredondo 2002b</bibRefCitation>
: table 1) is erroneous (see section III). Fossils from
<collectingRegion id="AF18B9A7FF840821FBB6A64E5782FC11" country="Bahamas" name="Long Island" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Long Island</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="15CB37D5FF840821FF07A6AE5611FC11" box="[227,331,915,939]" name="Bahamas" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
, recently referred to Cuban Macaw by
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FCE6A6AE5362FC11" author="Steadman, D. W. &amp; Franklin, J." box="[770,1080,915,939]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="26833 - 26841" refId="ref55570" refString="Steadman, D. W. &amp; Franklin, J. 2020. Bird populations and species lost to Late Quaternary environmental change and human impact in the Bahamas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 117: 26833 - 26841." type="journal article" year="2020">Steadman &amp; Franklin (2020</bibRefCitation>
: table 1 [
<taxonomicName id="AADC0CC6FF840821FF7BA68E5666FC71" authorityName="Levaillant" authorityYear="1801" box="[159,316,947,971]" class="Aves" family="Psittacidae" genus="Ara" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Psittaciformes" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF7BA68E579CFC70" box="[159,198,947,970]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">Ara</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FF15A68E5666FC71" box="[241,316,947,971]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">tricolor</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]). For archaeological records see
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FD26A68E5301FC71" author="Jimenez, O. &amp; Orihuela, J." box="[706,1115,947,971]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="163 - 176" refId="ref51053" refString="Jimenez, O. &amp; Orihuela, J. 2021. Nuevos hallazgos de aves en contextos paleontologicos y arqueologicos de Cuba. Novit. Carib. 17: 163 - 176." type="journal article" year="2021">Jiménez &amp; Orihuela (2021: 171172)</bibRefCitation>
. For a summary of its distribution in historical times, natural history, taxonomy, phylogenetic position and skin specimens in collections, see
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FD2DA6CE5487FBB1" author="Wiley, J. W. &amp; Kirwan, G. M." box="[713,989,1011,1035]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="125 - 156" refId="ref57909" refString="Wiley, J. W. &amp; Kirwan, G. M. 2013. The extinct macaws of the West Indies, with special reference to Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor. Bull. Brit. Orn. Cl. 133: 125 - 156." type="journal article" year="2013">Wiley &amp; Kirwan (2013)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FC0BA6CE53D2FBB1" author="Hume, J. P." box="[1007,1160,1011,1035]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" refId="ref50590" refString="Hume, J. P. 2017. Extinct birds. Second edn. Bloomsbury, London." type="book" year="2017">Hume (2017)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FF74A12E56DDFB91" author="Johansson, U. S. &amp; Ericson, P. G. P. &amp; Blom, M. P. K. &amp; Irestedt, M." box="[144,391,1043,1067]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="666 - 672" refId="ref51253" refString="Johansson, U. S., Ericson, P. G. P., Blom, M. P. K. &amp; Irestedt, M. 2018. The phylogenetic position of the extinct Cuban Macaw Ara tricolor based on complete mitochondrial genome sequences. Ibis 160: 666 - 672." type="journal article" year="2018">
Johansson
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FEEDA12E566EFB91" box="[265,308,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FE77A12E5536FB91" author="Provost, K. L. &amp; Joseph, L. &amp; Smith, B. T." box="[403,620,1043,1067]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" pagination="7 - 21" refId="ref54963" refString="Provost, K. L., Joseph, L. &amp; Smith, B. T. 2018. Resolving a phylogenetic hypothesis for parrots: implications from systematics to conservation. Emu - Austral Orn. 118: 7 - 21." type="journal article" year="2018">
Provost
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FE14A12E5541FB91" box="[496,539,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
. (2018)
</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="094D0AB4FF840821FD41A12E54F5FB91" author="Kirkconnell, A. &amp; Kirwan, G. M. &amp; Garrido, O. H. &amp; Mitchell, A. D. &amp; Wiley, J. W." box="[677,943,1043,1067]" pageId="48" pageNumber="57" refId="ref51628" refString="Kirkconnell, A., Kirwan, G. M., Garrido, O. H., Mitchell, A. D. &amp; Wiley, J. W. 2020. The birds of Cuba: an annotated checklist. BOC Checklist No. 26. British Ornithologists' Club, Tring." type="book" year="2020">
Kirkconnell
<emphasis id="5FA8AB57FF840821FCCBA12E5401FB91" box="[815,859,1043,1067]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="57">et al</emphasis>
. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>