382 lines
58 KiB
XML
382 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="561088E1BFE58DA631A348569BF108B9" ID-CLB-Dataset="24071" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4732.2.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c8ee1c0b-5b75-4ec3-9567-4e4f51ce0f93" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3663415" ID-ZooBank="FF89C33B-A35D-4D21-AACE-2F3276851C05" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1581497070733" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Markhaseva, Elena L., Petrov, Anatoly & Renz, Jasmin" docDate="2020" docId="E52887E2FFE54C78FF057DC8FAF2614F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4732.2.2.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4732 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Bradyetes inermis" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="278" masterDocId="1911FF9AFFF44C6CFF927936FF8E6312" masterDocTitle="Description of Bradyetes paramatthei sp. nov. (Copepoda: Calanoida), a new aetideid species from the deep Pacific Ocean with notes on the genus Bradyetes" masterLastPageNumber="280" masterPageNumber="258" pageNumber="275" updateTime="1698782713947" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="B789EB79D2BEFA2C91B2D8B921626997">Description of Bradyetes paramatthei sp. nov. (Copepoda: Calanoida), a new aetideid species from the deep Pacific Ocean with notes on the genus Bradyetes</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="15468DD96C3FEA443C51ACCAB71098E1">Markhaseva, Elena L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E63D5185F254EF951EAC80604B706FD5">Petrov, Anatoly</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7791661F29FBBBD3106BA5F306B50320">Renz, Jasmin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="667BDF8876B96298F4AA93D57C54C64E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="619460A4F5AFD53E41287CD51FF2C86F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8AA519AF02EAC858A171021AAD7CCE63">2020</mods:date>
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<treatment id="E52887E2FFE54C78FF057DC8FAF2614F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663767" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162077132" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3663767" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E52887E2FFE54C78FF057DC8FAF2614F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E52887E2FFE54C78FF057DC8FAF2614F" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">
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<subSubSection id="259B657FFFE54C7DFF057DC8FE18660A" box="[151,406,1278,1305]" pageId="17" pageNumber="275" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE54C7DFF057DC8FE18660A" blockId="17.[151,406,1278,1340]" box="[151,406,1278,1305]" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">
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<heading id="36768198FFE54C7DFF057DC8FE18660A" bold="true" box="[151,406,1278,1305]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="275" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE54C7DFF057DC8FE18660A" authority="Farran, 1905" box="[151,406,1278,1305]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
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<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE54C7DFF057DC8FE18660A" bold="true" box="[151,406,1278,1305]" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">
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<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE54C7DFF057DC8FE80660B" bold="true" box="[151,270,1278,1305]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">Bradyetes</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE54C7DFEA97DC8FE18660A" bold="true" box="[315,406,1278,1304]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">inermis</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="259B657FFFE54C7DFF057C14FE85662E" box="[151,267,1314,1340]" pageId="17" pageNumber="275" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE54C7DFF057C14FE85662E" blockId="17.[151,406,1278,1340]" box="[151,267,1314,1340]" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">
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(
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<figureCitation id="F5BA2A71FFE54C7DFF0D7C14FE8D662E" box="[159,259,1314,1340]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1732,1757]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1428,188,1695]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1428,188,1711]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1706]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Bradyetes cf. inermis. Female, morphotype 3 specimens from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench, KuramBIO 1 expedition. Sta. 7–10.A–E, specimen 1, A, antenna; B, maxillule, praecoxal arthrite; C, maxilla, endopod; D, P1 endopod; E, F, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views; G, specimen 2, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in lateral views; H–I, specimen 3, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views; J–K, specimen 4, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views. Scale bars 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Bradyetes cf. inermis. Females. Selected characters differentiating morphotypes 1–3. Names of the expeditions are abbreviated as: DIVA 3 (D3); ANDEEP 2–3 (A 2–3); ICE AGE 1 (IA); Vema-Transit (VT). Specimens from D1 and D2 (DIVA 1, 2) are not included and share characters as given for morphotype 3." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663421" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663423" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3663421/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3663423/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="259B657FFFE54C7DFF057C5FFE0066BA" pageId="17" pageNumber="275" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE54C7DFF057C5FFE0066BA" blockId="17.[151,1436,1385,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">
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<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE54C7DFF057C5FFF716696" bold="true" box="[151,255,1385,1412]" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">Material</emphasis>
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. Twenty three
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<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE54C7DFE357C5CFD196696" box="[423,663,1386,1412]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
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<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE54C7DFE357C5CFD996696" box="[423,535,1386,1412]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">Bradyetes</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE54C7DFDD17C5DFD196696" box="[579,663,1387,1412]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">inermis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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females attributed herein to 3 morphological
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<typeStatus id="B23A8856FFE54C7DFB087C5DFB5B6697" box="[1178,1237,1387,1413]" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">types</typeStatus>
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were sorted from the samples (
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<tableCitation id="2003034FFFE54C7DFEBB7CB8FEF366BA" box="[297,381,1422,1448]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,368,395]" captionTargetBox="[163,1394,410,2014]" captionText="TABLE 1. The list of recorded specimens of Bradyetes cf. inermis" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/39FE667CFFF54C6DFF057846FC0D6299" pageId="17" pageNumber="275" tableUuid="39FE667CFFF54C6DFF057846FC0D6299">Table 1</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="259B657FFFE54C7FFF557C87FE156250" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="277" pageId="17" pageNumber="275" type="description">
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<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE54C7DFF557C87FCDC652A" blockId="17.[151,1436,1385,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">
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<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE54C7DFF557C87FEDF66DE" bold="true" box="[199,337,1457,1484]" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">Description</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE54C7DFEF27C84FDDE66DE" box="[352,592,1458,1484]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
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<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE54C7DFEF27C84FE5E66DE" box="[352,464,1458,1484]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">Bradyetes</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE54C7DFE6E7C85FDDE66DE" box="[508,592,1459,1484]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">inermis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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morphotypes 1–3 share the general characters described for the species by
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<bibRefCitation id="09104B05FFE54C7DFF057CE0FDED66E3" author="Markhaseva, E. L. & Schulz, K." box="[151,611,1494,1521]" pageId="17" pageNumber="275" pagination="137 - 155" refId="ref12360" refString="Markhaseva, E. L. & Schulz, K. (2006) New benthopelagic aetideids (Crustacea: Copepoda): Calanoida) from deep Antarctic waters. Invertebrate Zoology, 3, 137 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 03.2.02" type="journal article" year="2006">Markhaseva and Schulz (2006: 143–146)</bibRefCitation>
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, e.g., the body segmentation and caudal rami structure; the rostrum, which is formed as a rudimentary blunt plate, the genital double-somite, which is barrel-like and usually wider anteriorly, and the general details of the armament of oral parts (
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<tableCitation id="2003034FFFE54C7DFD7C7F28FCCA652A" box="[750,836,1566,1592]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,239,615,641]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 3. Selected character states of species included in Bradyetes (Females)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/39FE667CFFF14C69FF057B51FC686193" pageId="17" pageNumber="275" tableUuid="39FE667CFFF14C69FF057B51FC686193">Table 3</tableCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE54C7DFF557F74FACD6426" blockId="17.[151,1436,1385,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">
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<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE54C7DFF557F74FE39654E" box="[199,439,1602,1628]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="17" pageNumber="275" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
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<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE54C7DFF557F74FEB9654E" box="[199,311,1602,1628]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">Bradyetes</emphasis>
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cf.
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<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE54C7DFEF17F75FE39654E" box="[355,439,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">inermis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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morphotypes 1–3 differ in the combination of the following characters (
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<figureCitation id="F5BA2A71FFE54C7DFB787F74FADC654E" box="[1258,1362,1602,1628]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1732,1757]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1428,188,1695]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1428,188,1711]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1706]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Bradyetes cf. inermis. Female, morphotype 3 specimens from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench, KuramBIO 1 expedition. Sta. 7–10.A–E, specimen 1, A, antenna; B, maxillule, praecoxal arthrite; C, maxilla, endopod; D, P1 endopod; E, F, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views; G, specimen 2, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in lateral views; H–I, specimen 3, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views; J–K, specimen 4, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views. Scale bars 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Bradyetes cf. inermis. Females. Selected characters differentiating morphotypes 1–3. Names of the expeditions are abbreviated as: DIVA 3 (D3); ANDEEP 2–3 (A 2–3); ICE AGE 1 (IA); Vema-Transit (VT). Specimens from D1 and D2 (DIVA 1, 2) are not included and share characters as given for morphotype 3." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663421" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663423" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3663421/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3663423/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">Figs 3–4</figureCitation>
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): morphotype 1 (
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<figureCitation id="F5BA2A71FFE54C7DFE8B7F50FED16592" box="[281,351,1638,1664]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,188,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bradyetes cf. inermis. Females. Selected characters differentiating morphotypes 1–3. Names of the expeditions are abbreviated as: DIVA 3 (D3); ANDEEP 2–3 (A 2–3); ICE AGE 1 (IA); Vema-Transit (VT). Specimens from D1 and D2 (DIVA 1, 2) are not included and share characters as given for morphotype 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3663423/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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), body length 2.60–3.00 mm, is characterized by 1) a sausage-like spermatheca that has nearly the same width proximally and distally, 2) a maxillule praecoxal arthrite with 11 setae: 8 long plus 1 short terminal setae (marked by a star in
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<figureCitation id="F5BA2A71FFE54C7DFE2F7F98FD8E65DA" box="[445,512,1710,1736]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,188,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bradyetes cf. inermis. Females. Selected characters differentiating morphotypes 1–3. Names of the expeditions are abbreviated as: DIVA 3 (D3); ANDEEP 2–3 (A 2–3); ICE AGE 1 (IA); Vema-Transit (VT). Specimens from D1 and D2 (DIVA 1, 2) are not included and share characters as given for morphotype 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3663423/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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), 1 anterior and 1 posterior setae (this short terminal seta is absent in morphotypes 2 and 3), and 3) a P1 with a well-developed lateral lobe on the endopod and a plumose basal medial seta (this lobe is poorly developed or absent and the medial seta is nude in morphotypes 2 and 3). Morphotype 1 shares with morphotype 2 the maxillular epipodite which is equipped with 8 setae (6–7 setae are present in morphotype 3).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE54C7DFF557E08FE1364FA" blockId="17.[151,1436,1385,2025]" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">
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Morphotype 2 (
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<figureCitation id="F5BA2A71FFE54C7DFEE47E08FE35644A" box="[374,443,1854,1880]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,188,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bradyetes cf. inermis. Females. Selected characters differentiating morphotypes 1–3. Names of the expeditions are abbreviated as: DIVA 3 (D3); ANDEEP 2–3 (A 2–3); ICE AGE 1 (IA); Vema-Transit (VT). Specimens from D1 and D2 (DIVA 1, 2) are not included and share characters as given for morphotype 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3663423/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="275">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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), body length
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<quantity id="AA799B11FFE54C7DFDCF7E0BFD4D644B" box="[605,707,1853,1881]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="275" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.50 mm</quantity>
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, is characterized by a maxillule praecoxal arthrite with 9 setae: 8 long terminal setae plus 1 anterior seta, short terminal seta and posterior seta are absent. Morphotype 2 shares the setation of the maxillule epipodite with morphotype 1. Morphotype 2 shares with morphotype 3 a narrow-elongate spermathecae that is slightly widened in the distal part, the P1 that lacks the lateral lobe at the endopod, and a nude basal medial seta at P1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE64C7EFF057E13FAEC64B8" blockId="18.[151,1437,1829,1962]" pageId="18" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE64C7EFF057E13FE95642C" bold="true" box="[151,283,1829,1854]" pageId="18" pageNumber="276">FIGURE 10</emphasis>
|
||
. Phylogenetic reconstructions showing the relationships among the species of
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE64C7EFBD87E10FB39642C" box="[1098,1207,1830,1854]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="276">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE64C7EFBD87E10FB3D642C" authorityName="Farran" authorityYear="1905" box="[1098,1203,1830,1854]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="18" pageNumber="276" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Bradyetes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
A, strict consensus of 2 most parsimonious trees. Bremer support values and bootstrap values> 50% are shown adjacent to the nodes and above the branches, respectively. B, MrBayes majority-rule consensus. Numbers at the nodes indicate posterior probability percentages. The branch lengths are proportional to the expected changes per character as indicated by the scale bar at the lower right.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE74C7FFF5579AFFE156250" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">
|
||
Morphotype 3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F5BA2A71FFE74C7FFEE679AFFE5163A1" box="[372,479,153,179]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1732,1757]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1428,188,1695]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1428,188,1711]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1706]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Bradyetes cf. inermis. Female, morphotype 3 specimens from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench, KuramBIO 1 expedition. Sta. 7–10.A–E, specimen 1, A, antenna; B, maxillule, praecoxal arthrite; C, maxilla, endopod; D, P1 endopod; E, F, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views; G, specimen 2, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in lateral views; H–I, specimen 3, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views; J–K, specimen 4, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views. Scale bars 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Bradyetes cf. inermis. Females. Selected characters differentiating morphotypes 1–3. Names of the expeditions are abbreviated as: DIVA 3 (D3); ANDEEP 2–3 (A 2–3); ICE AGE 1 (IA); Vema-Transit (VT). Specimens from D1 and D2 (DIVA 1, 2) are not included and share characters as given for morphotype 3." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663421" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663423" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3663421/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3663423/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
), body length
|
||
<quantity id="AA799B11FFE74C7FFDEF79AEFCAF63A1" box="[637,801,152,179]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.725" metricValueMax="2.95" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="2.725" valueMax="2.95" valueMin="2.5">2.50–2.95 mm</quantity>
|
||
, is characterized by 1) a maxillule praecoxal arthrite with 10 setae: 8 long terminal, 1 anterior and 1 posterior setae; 2) a maxillule epipodite with 6–7 setae. Morphotype 3 is similar to morphotype
|
||
<quantity id="AA799B11FFE74C7FFE0479D6FE4F63E8" box="[406,449,224,250]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
lacking the P1 endopod lateral lobe and in having a nude basal medial seta and elongate spermathecae, which is slightly widened distally. The shape of the spermathecae varies slightly among the specimens of morphotype 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="259B657FFFE74C78FF55787AFAF2614F" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="278" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE74C7FFF55787AFA8262C3" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFF55787AFEBA6274" bold="true" box="[199,308,332,358]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
. The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFE42787AFD136277" box="[464,669,332,358]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFE42787AFD136277" box="[464,669,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">Bradyetes inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="09104B05FFE74C7FFC10787AFB906274" author="Farran, G. P." box="[898,1054,331,358]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" pagination="23 - 52" refId="ref11587" refString="Farran, G. P. (1905) Report on the Copepoda of the Atlantic slope off counties Mayo and Galway. Annual Report Fisheries Ireland 1902 - 1903, 2 (App. 2), Scientific Investigations, 23 - 52." type="book chapter" year="1905">Farran (1905)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
based on a single specimen from the North Atlantic (at about
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="08B55033FFE74C7FFE5F7858FD816298" box="[461,527,366,394]" degrees="53" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" precision="55555" value="53.0">53° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="08B55033FFE74C7FFD877859FDD06298" box="[533,606,367,394]" degrees="12" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" precision="55555" value="-12.0">12° W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) collected from a depth of
|
||
<specimenCount id="7B87FD7DFFE74C7FFC157858FC5A6298" box="[903,980,366,394]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" type="generic">
|
||
<quantity id="AA799B11FFE74C7FFC157858FC5E6298" box="[903,976,366,394]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5799999999999996" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" unit="m" value="358.0">358 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</specimenCount>
|
||
The other taxonomic notes on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFAB87846FA12629B" box="[1322,1436,368,393]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFAB87846FA12629B" box="[1322,1436,368,393]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">B. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
records are brief comments on the first finding of its male with incompletely detailed figures of both sexes in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="09104B05FFE74C7FFACC78A5FF6C62C3" author="Grice, G. D." pageId="19" pageNumber="277" pagination="219 - 242" refId="ref11902" refString="Grice, G. D. (1972) The existence of a bottom-living calanoid copepod fauna in deep water with descriptions of five new species. Crustaceana, 23, 219 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854072 X 00138" type="journal article" year="1972">Grice (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and a recent record by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="09104B05FFE74C7FFE7B7881FCBD62C0" author="Markhaseva, E. L. & Schulz, K." box="[489,819,439,466]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" pagination="137 - 155" refId="ref12360" refString="Markhaseva, E. L. & Schulz, K. (2006) New benthopelagic aetideids (Crustacea: Copepoda): Calanoida) from deep Antarctic waters. Invertebrate Zoology, 3, 137 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 03.2.02" type="journal article" year="2006">Markhaseva & Schulz (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
with an illustrated description of females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE74C7FFF5578ECFE9F612F" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="09104B05FFE74C7FFF5578ECFD9C62E7" author="Markhaseva, E. L. & Schulz, K." box="[199,530,474,501]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" pagination="137 - 155" refId="ref12360" refString="Markhaseva, E. L. & Schulz, K. (2006) New benthopelagic aetideids (Crustacea: Copepoda): Calanoida) from deep Antarctic waters. Invertebrate Zoology, 3, 137 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / invertzool. 03.2.02" type="journal article" year="2006">Markhaseva & Schulz (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, postponed a final decision on the specific status of their specimens and referred to them as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFEFC78C8FDD5610A" box="[366,603,510,536]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFEFC78C8FE50610A" box="[366,478,510,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">Bradyetes</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFD9578C9FDD5610A" box="[519,603,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because of inconsistent and insufficiently detailed existing descriptions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFF057B15FE84612E" box="[151,266,547,572]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFF057B15FE84612E" box="[151,266,547,572]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">B. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE74C7FFF557B70FC7961FD" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">
|
||
In 2016 it was clarified that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="B23A8856FFE74C7FFDBB7B70FDD76172" box="[553,601,582,608]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFD7C7B71FCEE6172" box="[750,864,583,608]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFD7C7B71FCEE6172" box="[750,864,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">B. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was most likely lost (Paolo Viscardi, National Museum of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="15967664FFE74C7FFF6A7B5FFEC46191" box="[248,330,617,643]" name="Ireland" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">Ireland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Natural History, personal communication) and none of the newly obtained specimens were found in or close to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFECD7BB8FE5A61B5" box="[351,468,654,679]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFECD7BB8FE5A61B5" box="[351,468,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">B. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<typeStatus id="B23A8856FFE74C7FFE4E7BB8FD8261BA" box="[476,524,654,680]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality. Therefore, due to the incomplete species description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="09104B05FFE74C7FFB457BBBFAED61B5" author="Farran, G. P." box="[1239,1379,652,679]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" pagination="23 - 52" refId="ref11587" refString="Farran, G. P. (1905) Report on the Copepoda of the Atlantic slope off counties Mayo and Galway. Annual Report Fisheries Ireland 1902 - 1903, 2 (App. 2), Scientific Investigations, 23 - 52." type="book chapter" year="1905">Farran 1905</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and until possible specimens of this species are found in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="B23A8856FFE74C7FFC827B87FCCE61D9" box="[784,832,689,715]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality, it remains impossible to confirm or disprove that the available
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFECF7BE3FE7A61FC" box="[349,500,725,751]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFECF7BE3FEF861FC" box="[349,374,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">B.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFE327BE3FE7A61FC" box="[416,500,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFD757BE3FC7961FD" authority="sensu Farran." box="[743,1015,725,751]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFD757BE3FC1161FC" box="[743,927,725,750]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">B. inermis sensu</emphasis>
|
||
Farran.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE74C7FFF557BCEFB6C606C" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">
|
||
All recently captured
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFE2C7BCFFDD96000" box="[446,599,760,786]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFE2C7BCFFE596000" box="[446,471,761,786]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">B.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFD917BCFFDD96000" box="[515,599,761,786]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals were collected in deep waters (
|
||
<tableCitation id="2003034FFFE74C7FFBD67BCEFB166000" box="[1092,1176,760,786]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,368,395]" captionTargetBox="[163,1394,410,2014]" captionText="TABLE 1. The list of recorded specimens of Bradyetes cf. inermis" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/39FE667CFFF54C6DFF057846FC0D6299" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" tableUuid="39FE667CFFF54C6DFF057846FC0D6299">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
) and were regarded as belonging to 3 different morphotypes. Specimens identified as morphotypes 1 and 2 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="2003034FFFE74C7FFBD57A2AFB156024" box="[1095,1179,796,822]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,368,395]" captionTargetBox="[163,1394,410,2014]" captionText="TABLE 1. The list of recorded specimens of Bradyetes cf. inermis" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/39FE667CFFF54C6DFF057846FC0D6299" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" tableUuid="39FE667CFFF54C6DFF057846FC0D6299">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F5BA2A71FFE74C7FFB3A7A2AFB786024" box="[1192,1270,796,822]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox="[163,1428,188,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 4. Bradyetes cf. inermis. Females. Selected characters differentiating morphotypes 1–3. Names of the expeditions are abbreviated as: DIVA 3 (D3); ANDEEP 2–3 (A 2–3); ICE AGE 1 (IA); Vema-Transit (VT). Specimens from D1 and D2 (DIVA 1, 2) are not included and share characters as given for morphotype 3." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3663423/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F5BA2A71FFE74C7FFA937A2AFA9E6024" box="[1281,1296,796,822]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1063,1088]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,388,1034]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,381,1038]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Geographical distribution of Bradyetes cf. inermis and its morphotypes 1, 2 and 3. Records of Farran (1905) and Grice (1972) are given as letters F and G respectively. Expeditions are abbreviated as: D1–D3 (DIVA 1–3); A2–3 (ANDEEP 2– 3); IA (ICE AGE 1); VT (Vema-Transit) and KB expedition (KuramBIO 1). Morphotype 1 is designated by a rectangle, morphotype 2 by a triangle, and morphotype 3 by an oval (abbreviations for respective expeditions are included inside the symbol)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3663433/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">9</figureCitation>
|
||
) were found in the Atlantic Ocean only.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFE577A76FCE56048" authority="sensu Grice (1972)" authorityName="sensu Grice" authorityYear="1972" box="[453,875,832,858]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFE577A76FD5A6048" box="[453,724,832,858]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">Bradyetes inermis sensu</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="09104B05FFE74C7FFD487A76FCE56048" author="Grice, G. D." box="[730,875,832,858]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" pagination="219 - 242" refId="ref11902" refString="Grice, G. D. (1972) The existence of a bottom-living calanoid copepod fauna in deep water with descriptions of five new species. Crustaceana, 23, 219 - 242. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 156854072 X 00138" type="journal article" year="1972">Grice (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, also found in the Atlantic, more probably belongs to morphotype 1 (e.g., similar shape of spemathecae and P1 endopod supplied with a lateral lobe).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE74C7FFF557AB1FEE26746" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFF557AB1FE3960B3" authorityName="sensu Grice" authorityYear="1972" box="[199,439,903,929]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFF557AB1FEB960B3" box="[199,311,903,929]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">Bradyetes</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFEF17ABEFE3960B3" box="[355,439,904,929]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphotype 3 appears to be the most widely distributed morphotype, as it was recorded from the Atlantic, Southern and Pacific Oceans (
|
||
<tableCitation id="2003034FFFE74C7FFD557A9DFC9160D7" box="[711,799,939,965]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,244,368,395]" captionTargetBox="[163,1394,410,2014]" captionText="TABLE 1. The list of recorded specimens of Bradyetes cf. inermis" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/39FE667CFFF54C6DFF057846FC0D6299" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" tableUuid="39FE667CFFF54C6DFF057846FC0D6299">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F5BA2A71FFE74C7FFCBD7A9DFC1260D7" box="[815,924,939,965]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1732,1757]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1428,188,1695]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1428,188,1711]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1706]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Bradyetes cf. inermis. Female, morphotype 3 specimens from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench, KuramBIO 1 expedition. Sta. 7–10.A–E, specimen 1, A, antenna; B, maxillule, praecoxal arthrite; C, maxilla, endopod; D, P1 endopod; E, F, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views; G, specimen 2, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in lateral views; H–I, specimen 3, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views; J–K, specimen 4, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views. Scale bars 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Bradyetes cf. inermis. Females. Selected characters differentiating morphotypes 1–3. Names of the expeditions are abbreviated as: DIVA 3 (D3); ANDEEP 2–3 (A 2–3); ICE AGE 1 (IA); Vema-Transit (VT). Specimens from D1 and D2 (DIVA 1, 2) are not included and share characters as given for morphotype 3." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663421" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663423" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3663421/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3663423/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="F5BA2A71FFE74C7FFC397A9DFC3560D7" box="[939,955,939,965]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1063,1088]" captionTargetBox="[156,1430,388,1034]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[151,1436,381,1038]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 9. Geographical distribution of Bradyetes cf. inermis and its morphotypes 1, 2 and 3. Records of Farran (1905) and Grice (1972) are given as letters F and G respectively. Expeditions are abbreviated as: D1–D3 (DIVA 1–3); A2–3 (ANDEEP 2– 3); IA (ICE AGE 1); VT (Vema-Transit) and KB expedition (KuramBIO 1). Morphotype 1 is designated by a rectangle, morphotype 2 by a triangle, and morphotype 3 by an oval (abbreviations for respective expeditions are included inside the symbol)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663433" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3663433/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Morphotype
|
||
<specimenCount id="7B87FD7DFFE74C7FFBF57A9DFB7D60D7" box="[1127,1267,939,965]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" type="generic">3 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from different geographical regions share the setation of maxillule and mandible and a similar P1 morphology. They demonstrate variability of the shape of the genital double somite and the spermathecae, but this variability among the Pacific specimens from one region (Kurile-Kamchatka Trench) is at least as high as between specimens from different oceans (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F5BA2A71FFE74C7FFF617D0CFEEE6746" box="[243,352,1082,1108]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1732,1757]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1744,1769]" captionTargetBox-0="[158,1428,188,1695]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1428,188,1711]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1706]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[151,1436,181,1718]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Bradyetes cf. inermis. Female, morphotype 3 specimens from the Kurile-Kamchatka Trench, KuramBIO 1 expedition. Sta. 7–10.A–E, specimen 1, A, antenna; B, maxillule, praecoxal arthrite; C, maxilla, endopod; D, P1 endopod; E, F, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views; G, specimen 2, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in lateral views; H–I, specimen 3, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views; J–K, specimen 4, pedigerous somite 5 & genital double-somite in dorsal and lateral views. Scale bars 0.1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Bradyetes cf. inermis. Females. Selected characters differentiating morphotypes 1–3. Names of the expeditions are abbreviated as: DIVA 3 (D3); ANDEEP 2–3 (A 2–3); ICE AGE 1 (IA); Vema-Transit (VT). Specimens from D1 and D2 (DIVA 1, 2) are not included and share characters as given for morphotype 3." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663421" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663423" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3663421/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3663423/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE74C7FFF557D68FD8567F1" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">
|
||
In regard to the identity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFD927D68FD7D676A" authorityName="sensu Grice" authorityYear="1972" box="[512,755,1118,1144]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFD927D68FDFE676A" box="[512,624,1118,1144]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">Bradyetes</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFD0D7D69FD7D676A" box="[671,755,1119,1144]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from the Atlantic and Southern Oceans with the individuals from the Pacific Ocean we rely only on their morphological comparisons as molecular data is currently impossible to obtain, because of a lack of specimens from the Atlantic and Southern oceans, which are suitably preserved for molecular analysis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE74C7FFF557DDAFE286639" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFF557DDAFD9C6615" bold="true" box="[199,530,1260,1287]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">
|
||
Species groups in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFE327DDAFD9C6615" authorityName="Farran" authorityYear="1905" box="[416,530,1260,1287]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFE327DDAFD9C6615" bold="true" box="[416,530,1260,1287]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">Bradyetes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Classical morphological analysis shows that the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFB1D7DDBFB716615" authorityName="Farran" authorityYear="1905" box="[1167,1279,1261,1287]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFB1D7DDBFB716615" box="[1167,1279,1261,1287]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">Bradyetes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is subdivided into two species groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE74C7FFF557C02FC566582" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">
|
||
Group I includes the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFD847C03FD39665C" authorityName="Markhaseva & Schulz" authorityYear="2006" box="[534,695,1333,1358]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFD847C03FD39665C" box="[534,695,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">B. curvicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFD547C03FCEF665C" authorityName="sensu Grice" authorityYear="1972" box="[710,865,1332,1358]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFD547C03FD51665C" box="[710,735,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">B.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFC9F7C03FCEF665C" box="[781,865,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFCE37C03FC79665C" box="[881,1015,1332,1358]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFCE37C03FC79665C" box="[881,1015,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">B. pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFBA27C03FB53665C" authorityName="Markhaseva & Schulz" authorityYear="2006" box="[1072,1245,1332,1358]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weddellanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFBA27C03FB53665C" box="[1072,1245,1332,1358]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">B. weddellanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Females of this group share 1) a body size of
|
||
<quantity id="AA799B11FFE74C7FFE767C61FD046660" box="[484,650,1367,1394]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.5" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.5" valueMin="2.5">2.50–5.50 mm</quantity>
|
||
; 2) a genital double-somite that is longer than wide, of a barrel-like or close to barrel-like shape; 3) a narrow spermathecae, which is not much wider than the duct leading to the genital atrium, or sausage-like; 4) an antennule with ancestral segment I with 1 seta; 5) an antenna with a setal formula of 1-1,1-1,1,1,1,1,1(0) and 3 setae, and fused proximal exopod segments 1–2 and 3–4 (differs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFB5D7CF2FADB66CF" box="[1231,1365,1475,1501]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFB5D7CF2FADB66CF" box="[1231,1365,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">B. pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); 6) a mandible basis with 1 seta, and an endopod segment 1 with 1 seta (or seta absent), and endopod segment 2 with less than 6 setae; 7) a maxillule coxal endite with 4 setae, proximal basal endite with 3 setae, distal basal endite with 4 setae, endopod with fewer than 15 setae, and an exopod with 11 setae; 8) a maxilla endopod with 7 or 8 setae; 9) a maxilliped coxa with an aesthetasc-like appendage, and 10) a nude posterior surface of segments of the P2–P4 endopods. Males are defined by one-segmented left P5 endopod (
|
||
<tableCitation id="2003034FFFE74C7FFCE17F40FC446582" box="[883,970,1654,1680]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,239,615,641]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 3. Selected character states of species included in Bradyetes (Females)" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/39FE667CFFF14C69FF057B51FC686193" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" tableUuid="39FE667CFFF14C69FF057B51FC686193">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE74C7FFF557FACFCAB64E7" blockId="19.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">
|
||
Group II includes the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFD9C7FACFDF165A1" authorityName="Johannessen" authorityYear="1976" box="[526,639,1689,1715]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matthei">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFD9C7FACFDF165A1" box="[526,639,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">B. matthei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE74C7FFCF57FAFFBEB65A1" authority="Markhaseva & Petrov & Renz, 2020" authorityName="Markhaseva & Petrov & Renz" authorityYear="2020" box="[871,1125,1689,1715]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramatthei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFCF57FAFFBEB65A1" box="[871,1125,1689,1715]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">Bradyetes paramatthei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="44C6579DFFE74C7FFBF97FACFB4A65A6" box="[1131,1220,1690,1716]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE74C7FFBF97FACFB3065A6" bold="true" box="[1131,1214,1690,1716]" pageId="19" pageNumber="277">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
The females of this group are defined by: 1) a body size of
|
||
<quantity id="AA799B11FFE74C7FFDDE7F8BFD7F65CA" box="[588,753,1725,1752]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7449999999999999" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="1.19" pageId="19" pageNumber="277" unit="mm" value="1.7449999999999999" valueMax="2.3" valueMin="1.19">1.19–2.30 mm</quantity>
|
||
; 2) a genital double-somite of globular shape; 3) a large spermathecae, round to oval-round with a narrow duct leading to the genital atrium; 4) an antennule ancestral segment I with 2? or 3 setae; 5) unclear antenna exopod fusions and uncertain setal formula interpretation 0(1)?0?1?1,1,1,1,1,1 and 3, with at least one seta lost from proximal exopod segments 1–4; 6) a mandible basis and endopod segment 1 with 2 setae each and endopod segment 2 with 9 or 9+1 setae; 7) a maxillule coxal endite with 5 setae, proximal basal endite with 4 setae, distal basal endite with 5 setae, endopod with 15–16 setae, and an exopod with 9–10 setae; 8) a maxilla endopod with 9 setae; 9) a maxilliped coxa without an aesthetasc-like appendage, but equipped with a conical tubercle; 9) posterior surface spinules that are present at least on some of the P2–P4 endopod segments. Males are defined by a two-segmented left endopod in P5.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE04C78FF5579AFFB7362DD" blockId="20.[151,1437,153,605]" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">
|
||
Cladistic analysis. The parsimony analysis recovered two most parsimonious trees with 49 steps (consistency index = 0.898, retention index = 0.938). The 50% majority rule topology was identical with the strict consensus tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F5BA2A71FFE04C78FF4279D6FEB663E8" box="[208,312,224,250]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1829,1854]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,203,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Phylogenetic reconstructions showing the relationships among the species of Bradyetes. A, strict consensus of 2 most parsimonious trees. Bremer support values and bootstrap values> 50% are shown adjacent to the nodes and above the branches, respectively. B, MrBayes majority-rule consensus. Numbers at the nodes indicate posterior probability percentages. The branch lengths are proportional to the expected changes per character as indicated by the scale bar at the lower right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3663435/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The analysis confirms that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE04C78FDEA79D6FD6663E8" authorityName="Farran" authorityYear="1905" box="[632,744,224,250]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE04C78FDEA79D6FD6663E8" box="[632,744,224,250]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">Bradyetes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
falls into two clades: one comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE04C78FB0279D7FAA063E8" authorityName="Markhaseva & Schulz" authorityYear="2006" box="[1168,1326,225,250]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="curvicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE04C78FB0279D7FAA063E8" box="[1168,1326,225,250]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">B. curvicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the three morphotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE04C78FEC27832FE66620F" authorityName="sensu Grice" authorityYear="1972" box="[336,488,259,285]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE04C78FEC27832FEE6620F" box="[336,360,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">B.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE04C78FE067832FE66620F" box="[404,488,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE04C78FE647832FD0C620F" box="[502,642,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE04C78FE647832FDF0620F" box="[502,638,259,285]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">B. pacificus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE04C78FD287832FCE8620F" authorityName="Markhaseva & Schulz" authorityYear="2006" box="[698,870,259,285]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weddellanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE04C78FD287832FCE8620F" box="[698,870,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">B. weddellanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Group I) and the other containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE04C78FB6B7832FAE2620F" authorityName="Johannessen" authorityYear="1976" box="[1273,1388,259,285]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="matthei">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE04C78FB6B7832FAE2620F" box="[1273,1388,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">B. matthei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the new species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE04C78FEDD781EFE766253" authorityName="Markhaseva & Petrov & Renz" authorityYear="2020" box="[335,504,295,321]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paramatthei">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE04C78FEDD781EFE766253" box="[335,504,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">B. paramatthei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Group II). The monophyly of Group I is very strongly supported (bootstrap value [BV] = 100%, Bremer index [BI] = 11), whereas Group II has a relatively weak support (BV = 88%, BI = 2). Both groups together form a well-supported clade (BV = 97%, BI = 3). Within Group I,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE04C78FBA47859FB34629A" box="[1078,1210,366,392]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pacificus">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE04C78FBA47859FB34629A" box="[1078,1210,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">B. pacificus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is robustly resolved as sister to the remaining species. The three morphotypes of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE04C78FCC878A4FC5E62B9" authorityName="sensu Grice" authorityYear="1972" box="[858,976,402,427]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE04C78FCC878A4FC5E62B9" box="[858,976,402,427]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">B. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
form a weakly-supported monophyletic clade (BV = 61%, BI = 1), with morphotypes 2 and 3 being more closely related than morphotype 1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D3E36F4FFE04C78FF5578EEFAF2614F" blockId="20.[151,1437,153,605]" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">
|
||
The Bayesian analysis yielded a similar, but less resolved topology compared to the parsimony analysis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="F5BA2A71FFE04C78FAE278EEFF476104" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1829,1854]" captionTargetBox="[158,1425,203,1792]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,181,1804]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. Phylogenetic reconstructions showing the relationships among the species of Bradyetes. A, strict consensus of 2 most parsimonious trees. Bremer support values and bootstrap values> 50% are shown adjacent to the nodes and above the branches, respectively. B, MrBayes majority-rule consensus. Numbers at the nodes indicate posterior probability percentages. The branch lengths are proportional to the expected changes per character as indicated by the scale bar at the lower right." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3663435" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3663435/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Groups I and II were recovered as monophyletic, with Group I being highly robust (posterior probability [PP] = 97%) and Group II only weakly supported (PP = 89%). The relationships within Group I are mostly unresolved, except for morphotypes 2 and 3 of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AA814D77FFE04C78FE587B75FDB4614E" authorityName="sensu Grice" authorityYear="1972" box="[458,570,579,604]" class="Maxillopoda" family="Aetideidae" genus="Bradyetes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Calanoida" pageId="20" pageNumber="278" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inermis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FF5EAE6FFE04C78FE587B75FDB4614E" box="[458,570,579,604]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="278">B. inermis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which form a monophyletic group, albeit with a weak support (PP = 84%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |